ATOMIC MODELS

Yasmin Gervacio, Fausto Liz, Libby

Martinez and Alicia Rosario.
 ATOMIC MODELS
It is the structure of an atom, theoretically
consisting of a positively charged nucleus
surrounded and neutralized by negatively charged
electrons revolving in orbits at varying distances
from the nucleus, the constitution of the nucleus
and the arrangement of the electrons differing
with various chemical elements.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
01 02 03
HISTORY Rutherfo BOHR

04 05
SCHRODINGER MODERN ATOMIC MODEL
01 HISTORY
 Thomson’s Atomic Model

In 1898, J. J. Thomson proposed the first of

many atomic models to come. He
proposed that an atom is shaped like a
sphere with a radius of approximately
10-10m, where the positive charge is
uniformly distributed. The electrons are
embedded in this sphere so as to give the
most stable electrostatic arrangement.
An important aspect of this model is that it assumes that the mass
of the atom is uniformly distributed over the atom. Thomson’s
atomic model was successful in explaining the overall neutrality of
the atom. However, its propositions were not consistent with the
results of later experiments. In 1906, J. J. Thomson was awarded the
Nobel Prize in physics for his theories and experiments on electricity
conduction by gases.
RUTHERFORD
02
 Rutherford’s Experiment
He bombarded high energy streams of
α-particles on a thin gold foil of 100 nm
thickness. The streams of α-particles
were directed from a radioactive source.
He conducted the experiment to study
the deflection produced in the
trajectory of α-particles after interaction
with the thin sheet of gold. To study the
deflection, he placed a screen made up
of zinc sulfide around the gold foil. The
observations made by Rutherford
contradicted the plum pudding model
given by J.J. Thomson.
Observations of Rutherford’s
Model Experiment

● Most of the space in an atom is empty

● The positive charge in an atom is not
uniformly distributed.
● The positive charge in an atom is
concentrated in a very small volume.
● The volume occupied by the positively
charged particles in an atom is very
small as compared to the total volume
of an atom.
 Rutherford’ Final Conclusions
01 02
The positively charged
particles and most of Rutherford model proposed
the mass of an atom that the negatively charged
was concentrated in an electrons surround the
extremely small volume. nucleus of an atom. He also
He called this region of claimed that the electrons
the atom as a nucleus. surrounding the nucleus
revolve around it with very
high speed in circular paths.
He named these circular paths
as orbits.
03
Electrons being
negatively charged
and nucleus being a
densely concentrated
mass of positively
charged particles are
held together by a
strong electrostatic
force of attraction.
BOHR 03
NIELS BOHR’S
ATOMIC MODEL
Bohr's greatest
contribution to modern
physics was the atomic
model. The Bohr model
shows the atom as a
small, positively charged
nucleus surrounded by
orbiting electrons.

Bohr was the first to discover that electrons travel in separate

orbits around the nucleus and that the number of electrons in
the outer orbit determines the properties of an element.
 The chemical element
bohrium (Bh), No. 107 on
the periodic table of
elements, is named for him.
04 SCHRODINGER
Schrodinger's Atomic Model

Erwin Schrodinger, an
austrian physicist, was
the inventor of this
theory. He discussed the
theory of the atomic
model.
Unlike Rutherford’s Model,
Schrodinger explained that
the electrons in the atoms can
have both particle structure as
well as a wavelength
structure.

This theory was said to elegantly predict all uncertainties in the Neil Bohr's
Atomic Model. Although, it maintained a unproven concept because there
was no possible way to derive the position or momentum of any electron.
 05
MODERN ATOMIC MODEL
 Modern Atomic Model

Today's modern atomic model was

successfully developed thanks to the
discoveries of scientists like Bohr,
Rutherford and Schrodinger.

This model continues to be refined as new

technology is developed that allows us to
better observe atoms and their behavior.
The modern atomic model states that:

“Atoms of one element are the same, “The nucleus contains nearly all the mass
while atoms of different elements are of an atom.”
different.”

“Surrounding the nucleus is a

“An atom is mostly empty space. In the cloud-like region with electrons
center is a small nucleus made of moving too fast and too unpredictably
protons and neutrons. “ for us to know their location.”
 T
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