SMK ST THOMAS, KUCHING

PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN PENGGAL 2 STPM 2019

Section A Multiple-choice Questions [ 15 marks ]

Answer all questions.

1. The graph below shows three oxygen dissociation curves for three different animals.

Which of the following is correct about curves P, Q and R?

A worm in waterlogged soil Pigeon Human
A P Q R
B P R Q
C Q R P
D R P Q

2. Root pressure is caused by

A Active loading of water molecules into xylem vessels by endodermis cells
B Active loading of salts into xylem vessels by endodermis cells
C Xylem vessels using energy to actively load water upwards
D Movement of water molecules upwards in xylem vessels through osmosis

3. Which of the following explains the ratchet mechanism?

A Binding of Ca2+ ions on tropomyosin to change the orientation of tropomyosin
B Binding of myosin head on actin to form actomyosin
C Head of cross bridge bends 45˚ to pull myosin into actin filaments
D Head of cross bridge bends 45˚ to pull actin into myosin filaments

4. In organogenesis, the embryonic germinal layers differentiate to form organs. Germinal layers
and structures developed are shown below.
Germinal layers Structures
I Ectoderm S – Liver, pancreas and lining of respiratory and digestive tracts
II Mesoderm T – Nervous system, sensory organs and pituitary gland
III Endoderm U – Circulatory, musculoskeletal and excretory systems
Which of the following is correct about curves P, Q and R?
I II III
A S T U
B T U S
C U S T
D S U T

5. Which statement is not true in the organisms and their growth patterns?
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 SMK ST THOMAS, KUCHING
PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN PENGGAL 2 STPM 2019

A Fishes shows intermittent growth pattern

B Mammals show allometric growth pattern
C Locusts show limited growth pattern
D Woody perennial trees show unlimted growth pattern

6. The tissue formed from the union of a male gamete and two polar nuclei in angiosperms is called
A Cotyledon C Endosperm
B Plumule D Radicle

7. Liver is an organ involved in homeostasis because it?

I Produces bile salts
II Performs gluconeogenesis
III Performs detoxification
IV Produces a high amount of heat

A III and IV C II, III and IV

B I, III and IV D I, II, III and IV

8. The figure below shows a renal corpuscle consisting of glomerulus where ultrafiltration occurs
and Bowman’s capsule.

Which statement is not true of ultrafiltration?

A Ultrafiltration is a non-selective passive process.
B The basement membrane of the blood capillaries of the glomerulus acts as a fine filter.
C Podocytes are found among the endothelial cells of the glomerulus.
D Substances with a relative molecular mass greater than 68000 are not found in the
glomerular filtrate.

9. After excessive exercise, a person usually feels thirsty.

The correction mechanism occurring in the person’s body is an
A Increase in the secretion of ADH
B Increase in the secretion of aldosterone
C Increase in the secretion of thyroxine
D Increase in the secretion of adrenaline

10. Which of the following plants commonly has breathing roots?

A Xerophytes C Mesophytes
B Halophytes D Hydrophytes

11. Which statement is not true of the cells of the human immune system?
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 SMK ST THOMAS, KUCHING
PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN PENGGAL 2 STPM 2019

A Macrophages are phagocytic leucocytes that digest microbes

B Plama B-cells are lymphocytes that secrete antibodies when stimulated
C Cytotoxic T-cells are lymphocytes that inhibit immune responses by other lymphocytes
D Helper T-cells are lymphocytes that stimulate immune responses by other lymphocytes

12. Which statement is not true of HIV which causes the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
(AIDS)?
A It can be destroyed by penicillin
B It mutates at a very high rate
C It is a retrovirus
D It infects Helper T-cells

13. To avoid any rejection of an organ transplant, which of the following is used to match the
donor’s and recepient’s as closely a possible?
A Blood type C Antibodies
B White blood cells D MHC

14. For which of the following disease in the table are treatable using antibiotics?
Cholera Tuberculosis Malaria
A √ √ √
B X √ √
C √ X √
D √ √ X

15. What are the causative agents of malaria, tuberculosis and dengue?
Malaria Tuberculosis Dengue
A Protoctist Bacterium Virus
B Protoctist Virus Bacterium
C Bacterium Protoctist Virus
D Virus Bacterium Protoctist

Section B: Structured questions [15 marks]

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SMK ST THOMAS, KUCHING
PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN PENGGAL 2 STPM 2019

Answer all questions in this section.

16. The diagram below shows the mechanism of action of a hormone.

(a) Label hormone X and enzyme Y. [2marks]

Hormone X:___________________________
Enzyme Y: ___________________________

(b) Name two examples of target cells or tissues. [2marks]

______________________________________________________________
(c) Explain why hormone X cannot get across the plasma membrane easily. Q [1mark]
______________________________________________________________
(d) Explain how a fast production of glycogen can be accomplished. [3marks]
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

17. A liver acinus is shown in the diagram below.

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SMK ST THOMAS, KUCHING
PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN PENGGAL 2 STPM 2019

(a) (i) Name structure P and Q. [2 marks]

P:
................................................................................................................................................

Q:
………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) State the function of Q. [1 mark]

…………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) What is the substance carried in S? [1 mark]

……………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) Describe the chemical reactions that would take place in cell T under the following
situations.
(i) Presence of excess amino acids in the blood. [2 marks]

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) When a person is fasting. [1 mark]

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

Section C: ESSAY [30 marks]

Answer two questions only.

18.(a) Describe the development of the mammalian embryo from the zygote stage to the [9 marks]
formation of the extra embryonic membranes. State the functions of these
membranes.

(b) Describe the role of hormones in ecdysis and metamorphosis in insects. [6 marks]

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SMK ST THOMAS, KUCHING
PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN PENGGAL 2 STPM 2019

19. (a) Compare cell-mediated and humoral immune responses in human. [8 marks]
(b) Explain the mechanism of immune suppression [ 7 marks]
20.(a) Tuberculosis is a disease of the lungs.
(i) Name the infectious agent for tuberculosis. [1 mark]
(ii) Explain how the infectious agent in (a)(i) can cause tuberculosis in human. [4 marks]
(iii) Suggest four preventive measures taken to avoid tuberculosis. [4 marks]
(b) Describe the causes and symptoms of dengue. [ 6 marks]

- End of questions paper –

Marking scheme:

Section A Multiple-Choices Questions

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

B B D B A C C C A B C A D D A

Section B : Structured questions

Q Answer Mark
16. (a) X: protein hormone-insulin
Y:Adenyl cyclase/ adenylyl cyclase [2]

(b) Liver cells, muscle tissues [2]

(c) Not soluble in phospholipid
Large protein- cannot across membrane. Insulin is polar and cannot pass [1]
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SMK ST THOMAS, KUCHING
PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN PENGGAL 2 STPM 2019

through non- polar membrane/ don’t have transport protein to transport it.

(d) - Cascade effect of amplification

- First messenger (non- steroid hormone) brings about
production of second messenger, cAMP./
First messenger activated G protein to GTP- activated enzyme adenylyl
cyclase- convert ATP to cAMP.
- cAMP triggers (enzyme cascade reactions) activation of one
enzyme in turn activates many inactive enzymes to become [3]
active- result in fast production of glycogen.

17 a) i) P : branch of hepatic portal vein [1]

Q : Kupffer cell [1]

ii) • Ingest and destroy old red blood cells and pathogen [1]

b) • Bile [1]

c) i) • Excess amino acids are deaminated, in which the amino

group is removed and combine with a hydrogen atom to form ammonia
• The ammonia then combine with carbon dioxide to form urea in
ornithine cycle
• Amino groups from excess amino acids are transferred to other 1m each
carboxylic acid to form non essential amino acids. point
*Pt 2 (max:2m)
can’t stand alone

c) ii) • Glycogen is broken down to glucose / glycogenolysis [1] or

stimulated by glucagon
• Gluconeogenesis / conversion of amino acid and glycerol to [1]
glucose occurs when carbohydrate source is depleted

TOTAL
8m

Section C: Essay

Q 18 (a)
 After zygote is formed Cleavage occurs, the zygote starts to divide 1
mitotically while still in oviduct
 forming blastomeres of equal size compact ball of 32 cells called 1
morula then swept down into the uterus.
 Cells arranged to form outer trophoblast and inner cell mass called 1
blastocyst 1
 Implantation in endometrium is initiated by trophoblast growing villi
into the endometrium 1
 Gastrulation starts when the inner cell mass forms an amniotic cavity
and later yolk sac, chorion and allantois 1
 Trophoblast forms chorion 1
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SMK ST THOMAS, KUCHING
PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN PENGGAL 2 STPM 2019

 Germ layers also form amnion and allantois 1

 The chorion together with the amnion protect the developing embryo
and later the foetus in amniotic cavity 1
 The chorion also forms the placenta, the spongy blood-filled tissue 1
 Amniotic fluid immerses the developing embryo and maintains
buoyancy with equal pressure all around to cushion external impact
 Amniotic fluid maintains temperature to provide an ideal 1
environment for foetal development
 Amniotic fluid enables the foetus to move freely and acts as a 1
lubricant, especially during birth
1
 Allantois forms the urinary bladder and blood vessels for the placenta
Max=9m

(b)

 Ecdysis and metamorphosis in insects are controlled by the interaction 1

of hormones ecdyson and juvenile hormone (JH)
 High concentration of JH is produced when the larva /nymph is young. 1
 JH activates the genes that control the retention of larval or nymphal 1
characteristics during development.
 JH also suppresses the genes that control the production of adult 1
characteristics such as adult cuticle.
 Ecdysone activates specific genes which control the synthesis of 1
enzymes involved in the growth and changes in epidermal cells.
 Ecdysone regulate growth and trigger moulting process to produce 1
adult characteristics such as change from caterpillar to a butterfly.
1
 When the JH at very low level, a larva becomes pupa.
 When the larva getting older, amount of juvenile hormone produced
1
becomes lesser and during nymphal stage (last larva), no juvenile
hormone is produced.
1
 When no JH produced and ecdysone level increases, adult Max=6m
characteristics will be form result in adult insect during next moult.

19 (a) Differences

Cell-mediated responses Humoral immune responses Score

The activated helper T cells secrete The activated helper T cells secrete
1
interleukin-2 to activate T cell interleukin-2 to activate B cell
The activated T cells differentiate into The activated B cells differentiate into
1
cytotoxic T cell and memory T cells. plasma cells and memory B cells.
The activated cytotoxic T cells Plasma cells generate free floating
1
migrate to the focus of infection antibodies.
A cytotoxic cell binds to the infection The antibody reacts with a specific
1
cell. antigen.
Destruction of intracellular pathogens,
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SMK ST THOMAS, KUCHING
PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN PENGGAL 2 STPM 2019

cancer cells and transplanted organ. Act on extracellular cell 1

Any 4

Similarity
 Both causes by the pathogen / antigen invades the body.
1
 Both antigens is engulfed by the antigen-presenting cell.
1
 Both the foreign antigen-MHC complex is displayed on the APC surface.
1
 Both the helper T cell binds to the foreign antigen-MHC complex.
1
 Both promote the secretion of cytokines / interlekin-1 by the APC.
1
 Both stimulate the proliferation of helper T cells.
1
 Both helper T cells differentiate into activated helper T cells and memory helper T
cells. 1
Any 4
19 (b) Immune suppression / HIV infection
 The glycoprotein on the surface of HIV attaches to CD4.
1
 The viral contents enter the cell by endocytosis.
1
 Reverse transcriptase catalyzes the synthesis of a first DNA copy of the viral RNA,
1
 The synthesis of a second DNA strand complementary to the first one is them form.
1
 The double-stranded DNA is then incorporated into the host cell's DNA by a viral
enzyme.
1
 Transcription of the DNA results in the production of RNA.
1
 This RNA can serve as the genome for new viruses or can be translated to
produce viral proteins.
1
 Complete HIV particles are assembled and HIV buds out of the cell.
1
 As the disease progresses HIV-infected T-helper cells and destroyed.
1
 The immune system of the infected person deteriorates, making that person
susceptible to various infections.
1
Any 7

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SMK ST THOMAS, KUCHING
PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN PENGGAL 2 STPM 2019

20 (a) Tuberculosis is a disease of the lungs.

(i) Name the infectious agent for tuberculosis. [1 m]
A fungus-like bacterium, called Mycobacterium tuberculosis 1

(ii) Explain how the infectious agent in [3 m]

(a)(i) can cause tuberculosis in human.
Once the bacterium enters the body, it lodges itself in the macrophages of the lungs 1
A battle between the defence cells in the body and the bacteria takes place. If the 1
bacteria wins the battle, it starts to multiply in the lungs and is known as
pulmonary TB.
The bacteria then spreads to other organs of the body. This is called primary TB 1
infection.
Most of the time, the body is able to hold off the bacteria by walling it and containing 1
it within the lungs. However, these bacteria may lie dormant for years and reactive
when a person’s immune system is weakened.
This is known as post-primary infection, the most common form of TB. 1
Max 3m
(iii) Suggest four preventive measures taken to avoid tuberculosis. [4 m]
BCG vaccination given to children at birth 1
Children vaccinated again at 12-14 if there is no scar 1
Early detection of disease=skin testing/ PPD in high risk population/people who have 1
been exposed to TB
For people exposed to TB, if first test is negative, have to repeat test later. 1
The use of respiratory protective equipment in situations that pose a high risk of 1
exposure to TB. Use of respiratory protection equipment can further reduce the risk
for exposure of health care workers
Travelers should avoid close contact or prolonged time with known TB patients in 1
crowded, enclosed environments (for example, clinics, hospitals, prisons, or
homeless shelters)
Max 4m

(b) Cause of dengue

 Cause by dengue fever virus

1
 Is an RNA virus of the family Flaviviridae

1
 There are 4 different related strains – DENV-1,DENV-2, DENV-3 and
DENV-4 serotype Any
(name any 2 serotype) 3

1
 These are arboviruses

1
 Infection by different serotype will cause Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever
(DHF).

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SMK ST THOMAS, KUCHING
PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN PENGGAL 2 STPM 2019

Symptoms of dengue
 Sudden onset of high fever. 1
 A flat red rash appears 2 to 5 days later. 1
1
 Headaches
 Joint and muscle ache 1
 Swollen lymph nodes, nausea and vomiting. 1
 Suffer fatigue for a week.1
Note: Accept any other suitable symptoms

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