Chapter 1: Functions  

LESSON 1: Function as
Models
Introduction:
An ordered pair is a set of inputs
and outputs and represents a
relationship between the two
values.
  NOT A FUNCTION
A relation is a set of inputs and
outputs
 
A function is a relation with one
output for each input
 
What is a Function?
"ALL FUNCTIONS ARE
RELATIONS BUT NOT ALL Because the input/domain for -2
RELATIONS ARE FUNCTIONS" has more than one output.
   
A function is a set of ordered pairs
(x,y) such that no two ordered GRAPHING FUNCTIONS
pairs have the same x-value but Remember!!!
different y-values. You can determine if a relation is a
(WALA DAPAT KAPAREHANG X function by using the vertical line
VALUE) test. If you can draw a vertical line
  through a graph and touch only
EXAMPLE one point, the relation is a
function.
 

1
  
u-5=-4(w-1)
 
u-5=-4w+4
+5 +5
 
u=-4w+9
 
Example 2
 Rearrange the equation so w
is the independent variable.
 
-2u+6w=9
 
EXAMPLES
f={(1, 2),(2, 2),(3, 5),(4, 5)} -2u+6w=9
g={(1, 3),(1, 4),(2, 5),(2, 6),(3, 7)} -6w -6w
h={(1, 3),(2, 6),(3, 9),...,(n, 3n),...}  
  -2u=9 -6w
Solution -2 -2 -2
   
The relations f and h are both 9
functions however the relation g is u=- 2 + 3 w
not a function because the  
input/domain/x has a relation with Example 3
the output/range/y more than Rearrange the equation so m
once.
is the independent variable.
 
(YUNG X DOBLE DOBLE TIGNAN  
MO DALWA YUNG 1 PATI 2 SO 7m+2=7n-5
HINDI NA YUN FUNCTION)  
  -7n+5=-7m-2
OBTAINING A FUNCTION -5 -5
FROM AN EQUATION  
  -7n=-7m -7
Example 1 -7 -7 -7
Rearrange the equation so w is  
the independent variable. n=m+1
2
LESSON 1.2: Set-Builder such that x is greater than or equal to
3"
Notation  
  In other words "all Real Numbers from 3
upwards"
A Set is a collection of things  
(usually numbers)
REAL NUMBERS
 
Ex. {5,7,11} is a set  
  EX. 1 12.38 -0.8625 3/4
Here is a simple example of set- π 198
builder notation:  
"Nearly any number you can think of is a
REAL NUMBER"
 
REAL NUMBERS INCLUDE
 
Whole Numbers
Rational Numbers
Irrational Numbers
 
Real Numbers can also be positive,
Notes:
 The "x" is just a place-holder, it negative, or zero.
could be anything, such as { q | q >  
0} NOT A REAL NUMBER
 Some people use ":" instead of"|",  
so they write { x : x > 0 } Imaginary Numbers and Infinity

TYPE OF NUMBER
 It is also normal to show what
type of number x is, like this:
Number Types
We saw (the special symbol for Real
Numbers). Here are the common number
types:

Example: { k ∈ Z | k > 5 }

"the set of all k's that are a member of the
Integers, such that k is greater than 5"
 
So it says:
In other words all integers greater than
 
5.
"the set of all x's that are a member This could also be written {6, 7, 8, ... } ,
of the Real Numbers, so:
3
 
{ k ∈ Z  | k > 5 } = {6, 7, 8, ... }
 
How to build the list:
{2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
{ x ∈ R  | x ≥ 2 and x ≤ 6 }
Start with all Real Numbers, then limit
them between 2 and 6 inclusive.
 
We can also use set builder notation to
do other things, like this:
{ x ∈ R | x = x2 } = {0, 1}
All Real Numbers such that x = x2
0 and 1  are the only cases where x = x2
 
P.S.(THIS IS JUST THE BASIC PART AND
REMINDER, THERE IS ALSO ANOTHER WAY
TO WRTE A SET BUILDER NOTATION)
EXAMPLE 1
The set of all x such that x is
an element of a whole number
and 0 is less than or equal to x
is less than or equal to 7.(less
than 8)
EXAMPLE 2
If the numbers in the set are a
perfect square do this.
 
The set of all x^2 such that x
is an element of a natural
number and 1 is less than or
equal to x is less than or equal
to 10.
 
4
EXAMPLE 3 The set of 2x such that x is an
  element of a natural numbers
Use when the numbers in the and 1 is less than or equal to x
set are odd numbers. is less than or equal to 7.
 
STEP 1

The set of all 2x+1 such that x

is an element of an integer
and -4 is less than or equal to
x is less than or equal to 1.
 
STEP 2
 

EXAMPLE 4
 
Use this when the set consists
of numbers that are even.
 
5
LESSON 1.3 Solving Quadratic
Equations by Factoring
FACTORING OF
QUADRATIC
Factoring
MORE THAN 1 LEADING
COEFFICIENT WITH
NUMBERS THAT ARE A
FACTOR OF THE LC

WITH MORE THAN 1 AS

THE LEADING
By Factoring COEFFICIENT
 
 

6
 BY FACTORING USING A QUADRATIC
FORMULA
NOT TRINOMIAL
 

BINOMIAL

BINOMIAL WITH
GREATER THAN 1
COEFFIECIENT