Global Issues Weekly Analysis May 11th 2017

Table of Contests th
Weekly Analysis May 4 2017

1 Global Issues
2 EU: History, Objectives And
Structure
5 History and Dynamics of US-
Saudi Relations
8 Pakistan’s External Affairs
8 Exclusive: CPEC Master Plan
Revealed
14 How Pakistan has received a
boost from the Belt and Road
Forum summit
15 Pakistan’s Domestic Affairs
15 Transcript of Ehsanullah Ehsan’s
Confession
16 Transcript of RAW Agent
Kulbhushan’s Confessional
Statement
17 Weekly Current Affairs
MCQs
18 Transcripts of Talk Shows
18 Connect the World by CNN Host
Becky Anderson
23 Fareed Zakaria GPS by CNN
Host: Fareed Zakaria
27 News Stream by CNN Host:
Krsitie Lu Stout
28 Research Articles for CSS
Essay Topics
28.Social Media: An Introduction
29 Book: How World Changed the
Social Media
(Chapter wise Summary of the
Whole Book)
32 Debates: Are Social Networking
Sites Good for Our Society?
32 Proponents
34 Opponents
36 Additional Arguments for & Agains
Socail Media
45 Solved Pas Papers
38 Solved MCQs of CSS
Compulsory Papers 2014
40 PMS General Knowledge
Paper 2012
42 Solved FPSC Assistant Director
Federal Government Organization
(Intelligence Bureau) Paper 2015
43 FPSC Inspector ASF (Airport
Security Force) Paper 2015)
45 BOOK REVIEWS
45 I. The New Arab Wars:
Uprisings and Anarchy in the
Middle East
46 II. Responding to China’s
Rise: U.S. and EU Strategies
47 Urdu Reports & Transcripts of
Programs
47, 48, 49 Apas ki Baat by Najam
Sethi
49 Aaj Shahzeb Khanzada kay
Saath
51 Interview: Pervez Hoodbhoy on
Extremism
58 BBC’s Sairbeen

Editorial
Thanks to its comprehensive and research-based quality-content, each issue of the ‘Weekly Analysis’ reaches about 150000-
250000 online readers within a week. The reason is that each new edition tries to bring best of weekly current affairs to its
readers especially students and candidates of competitive exams. This magazine aims at .providing holistic view pertaining to
Pakistan’s domestic, external and global affairs. The editorial team of ‘Weekly Analysis’ goes through numerous leading national,
regional and international newspapers, research journals, magazines, talk shows and interviews conducted by print and
electronic media so that readers of this magazine especially CSS & PCS aspirants may get precise and to-the-point study material
and save their time and treasure during preparation of exams and interviews.

Current issue of the magazine has brought in-depth analysis of global issues like History, Objectives, Structure and Future of
European Union, along with History and Dynamics of US Saudi relations and their implications on future of the Middle East.
Similarly, sections of Pakistan’s domestic and external affairs cover critical analysis of CPEC Master Plan, impacts of OBOR
summit on Pakistan’s economy, transcripts of Ehsanullah Ehsan and Kalbushan’s Yadev’s interviews and confessions so that
readers may easily comprehend internal and external moves and threats relating to future of Pakistan.

Along with current affairs i.e. global issues, and Pakistan’s external and domestic affairs, weekly current affairs MCQs,
transcripts of week’s best talk shows, research articles for CSS essay on social media and solved past papers conducted by FPSC
and PPSC are also essential part of the ‘Weekly Analysis’ so that readers and candidates of competitive exams may enrich their
knowledge in order to succeed in achieving their academic and professional goals.
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Mian Waqas Haider DR. SOBIA TAHIR
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0345-4740019 & Interdisciplinary Studies
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 2

Global Issues Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017

Global Issues
EU: HISTORY, OBJECTIVES AND
STRUCTURE.
for remedying their balance of payment executes the decisions of the Council. In
EU: History, objectives and disequilibria. case any member country or individual
structure. 7. The creation of European social fund renege upon its responsibilities, the
The EU traces its origins from the for improving the possibilities of Commission can take the matter to the
European Coal and Steel Community employment for the workers and for European Court of Justice.
(ECSC) and the European Economic ensuring a rise in their standard of
Community (EEC), formed
by the Inner Six (Belgium,
France, Germany, Italy,
Luxembourg, and the
Netherlands)countries in
1951 and 1958,
respectively. Next the
treaty of Rome of 1957
created the European
Community made up of the
inner six countries. The
decades following many
new members joined them
while at the same time
integration of economic,
cultural, judicial and so
forth would then deepen
the relationships distinct
European entity. The
Maastricht Treaty
established the European
Union in 1993 and
introduced European
citizenship.

Generally, the objectives

of the EU may be listed as
follows:
1. The abolition of tariff
and non-tariff quantitative and other
restrictions with regard to the import
and export of goods between the member
States.
2. The abolition of all restrictions upon
services and capital between the member
states and the free movement of persons.
3. The establishment of common
customs tariff and of a common
commercial policy towards the non-
member countries.
4. The establishment of common farm
policy and common transport policy.
5. The establishment of a system to
ensure that competition shall not be
distorted in the common farm policy and
common market.
6. Application and coordination of
economic policies of the member states
living.
8. The approximation of the legislation
of the member states to the extent
necessary for the efficient functioning of
the common market.
Organizational structure of EU
I. The European Commission: It
consists of 17 members appointed by the
member states to serve for 4 years. The
President and the Vice- Presidents are
appointed initially for 2 years but are
generally reappointed for the rest of their
term. The Commission acts
independently of any country in the
interests of the Community as a whole.
It has a mandate for implementation
and guardianship of the Treaties. In this
it has the right of initiative i.e. putting
proposals to the Council for action. It
II. The Council of Ministers: It
consists of the foreign ministers of the
governments of member states. It
represents the nations’ interests and not
the community interests. It takes
decisions under the Treaties. Legally all
decisions are to be made by majority. In
actual practice, the unanimity rule is
followed.
The Council works through several
special councils, e.g. the Agricultural
Council, for discussing matters related to
individual policies. Since 1974, the Heads
of States and Governments have also
been meeting three times a year at the
European Council for discussing the
affairs of the Community as also matters
connected with Foreign Policy. The term
of the Presidency of the Council is 6

Global Issues
months and it rotates among the member
countries.
III. The European Parliament: It
consists of 518 members who are directly
elected from all member countries.
France, Germany, Italy and the U.K.
return 81 members each. Spain 60 the
Netherlands 25, Belgium, Greece and
Portugal 24, Denmark 16, Ireland 15 and
Luxembourg 6. Several political parties-
Socialists, European Peoples Party
(Christian Democratic Group), European
Democrats (formerly European
Conservatives), Liberal Democrats and
Reforms Group, Communists and Allies,
the Rainbow Group, the European Rights
and Independents—contest these
elections in the member countries. The
Parliament has the right to be consulted
on a wide range of legislative proposals.
It forms one arm of the Community’s
Budgetary Authority.
IV. The Economic and Social
Committee (ECSC):It is an advisory
institution. It consists of 189
representatives of employers, trade
unions, consumers etc. The ECSC has a
separate consultative committee of the
members.
V. The European Court of Justice:
It consists of 13 judges and 6 advocate-
generals. It is responsible for the
adjudication of disputes arising out of the
application of the treaties. Their
judgments are enforceable in all member
countries.
VI. The Court of Auditors:It was
established by a treaty signed on 22nd
July, 1975 and came into operation on 1
June, 1977. It replaced the former Audit
Board. It consists of 12 members. It
audits all income and current and past
expenditure of the European countries.
VII. The European Investment
Bank (EIB):It was created by the EEC
Treaty to which its statute stands
annexed. Its governing body is the Board
of Governors consisting of ministers
designated by member states. Its main
task is to contribute to the balanced
development of the common market in
the interest of the community by
financing projects; developing less-
developed regions, for modernizing or
converting undertakings, developing new
activities, or those of common interest to
several member states.
VIII. Community Law: Provisions
of the treaties and secondary legislation
may be either directly applicable in
member states or only applicable after
member states have enacted their own
implementing legislation. Secondary
legislation consists of regulations, which
are of general application and binding in
their entirety and directly applicable in
all member states; directives which are
binding upon each member state as to the
result to be achieved within a given time,
but leave the national authority the
choice of form and method of achieving
this result; and decisions which are
binding in their entirety on their
addresses. In addition the Council and
the Commission can issue
recommendations and opinions, which
have no binding force.
IX. Legislative Process of the
Community: It starts with a proposal
from the Commission to the Council. The
Council generally seeks the views of the
European Parliament on the proposal,
and the Parliament adopts a formal
opinion after consideration of the matter
by its specialist committees. The Council
may also consult the economic and social
committee, which similarly delivers an
opinion.
Mostly decisions are taken by majority.
However, the reservations expressed by
the individual member states are also
taken into account. The text eventually
approved can be substantially different
from the original proposal of the
Commission.
X. Finances of the Community:
The resources of the community, levies
and duties, have been surrendered to it
by the EC Treaty. The Budget is made by
the Council and the Parliament acting
jointly as Budgetary Authority. The
Parliament has control within a certain
limit, of non-obligatory expenditure i.e.
expenditure where the amount to be
spent is not set out in the legislation
concerned. It can also reject the budget
totally; otherwise the Council is the
deciding body.
Acts of EU Institutions:
There are five basic acts of EU
institutions, three of which are binding.
Regulations: these are effectively a
law in their own right and are directly
applicable to all member states.
Directives: these require member
states to implement them by
incorporating their provisions into
national law.
Decisions: these are binding only on
those to whom they are addressed.
There are also Recommendations
and Opinions, but these are not binding.
What will be the future of
European Union?
The departure of the UK from the
European Union (EU) after more than 40
years leaves a major hole in the world’s
largest economic and political union.
Here we look at the potential
consequences for Europe thrown up by
Brexit.
Where does Brexit leave Europe's
place in the world?
Britain's departure leaves a substantial
hole in the EU which has now lost the
world's fifth-largest economy, a nuclear
3
Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
power and a member of the UN Security
Council.
Much will depend on the kind of
relationship Britain establishes with the
EU after Brexit. Theresa May has
signaled she wants to use the UK military
power and diplomatic heft as a way of
the UK demonstrating it is committed to
maintaining security "in the
neighbourhood".
If negotiations turn nasty, and talks
break down, it may take some time to
build the diplomatic apparatus to allow
Britain to contribute to "European"
diplomacy from outside the EU.
The result is likely to be less influence
for both the EU and the UK in a
fracturing global architecture where
bilateralism is on the rise and the US is
increasingly unwilling to play the world's
policeman.
What about an EU army?
There is much talk of this, but in
practice EU nation states cannot agree
on what a European defence policy
should look like. France is Europe’s only
major military power after the UK, and
officials in Paris are clear that there is no
appetite for a real EU army.
At the moment, the new EU
Headquarters is limited to “non-executive
military missions” – which essentially
means peacekeeping and logistics – but
there are fears on the British side that
some EU state may seek to expand the
mission after the UK leaves.
In the view of the British, this would be
to the detriment of Nato which the UK
believes must remain the cornerstone of
EU defence.
Will other countries want to leave
the EU now?
The current polling data in Europe and
the recent French elections suggest that
this is unlikely any time soon, even
though a growing number of EU
countries, led by Italy and Poland have a
significant eurosceptic political element.
There is much dissatisfaction in Europe
about the failure to generate jobs and a
better economic future, but surveys show
that even in countries where demand for
a referendum is high – like Italy – voters
still do not wish to leave the EU for now.
What could change that?
Europe’s politics is currently riven with
populist discontent – from Five Star
Movement in Italy to the hard-right
Freedom Party in Austria.
A big win from one of these parties
could fundamentally alter the political
dynamics in Europe.

Global Issues
Long-standing issues with the euro,
from the Greek sovereign debt crisis to
the creaking Italian banking system also
make the eurozone vulnerable to a major
external economic shock like the credit
crunch of 2008.
Many experts question whether after
years of near zero-interest and ECB
quantitative easing, the eurozone could
survive another such shock intact.
Coming so soon after Brexit, all these
"black swan" events are likely to
demonstrate the limits of EU political
solidarity – much as the migration crisis
has done – and that is likely to further
undermine the efficacy of the EU as a
political entity.
What about money?
This is potentially another source of
future tension in Europe. Britain's
departure from the EU leaves a 10 billion
euro a year hole in EU finances which
risks further undermining the cohesion of
the EU.
Rich countries like Germany, France
and the Netherlands are already balking
at the prospect of paying more to poorer
member states who joined after 2004,
but who rely on EU handouts funds to
help them catch up with richer economies
and stimulate investment-led growth.
If the financial benefits of being an EU
member become less clear to recalcitrant
EU member states like Poland and
Hungary, then the political support for
staying in the EU becomes less certain.
No scenario can be ruled out. The EU
establishment never seriously believed
the UK would leave the EU, but that
turned out to be a false assumption.
What about Brussels? Will we see
more or less Europe?
This is a very open question.
There are those in Brussels who still
hope that Brexit will inject new life in the
grand European project – spurred on,
they hope, by the election of Emmanuel
Macron in France and, possibly even the
pro-EU Martin Schulz in Germany.
With these two new leaders in place,
the Franco-German axis which has
always driven the direction of the EU
might suddenly fire into life. Sceptics note
however, that on the major questions
such as the Euro, EU defence and
immigration, France and Germany
remain poles apart.
It is also a reality that many more
European citizens want "less Europe"
than "more Europe", with a Pew Survey
of 10 major EU countries finding that
nearly twice as many EU citizens wanted
more power to flow back to EU capitals
than to Brussels.
The attempt to forge a common policy
on the future of Europe after Brexit,
starting with Jean-Claude Juncker's
white paper setting out five scenarios for
Europe, has only highlighted divisions.
The smart betting says that Europe
muddles on through as before, but is
increasingly internally divided and less
resilient to a major external shock.
Jean-Claude Juncker's (President of
European Council) five scenarios for the
future of European Union
Jean Claude Juker delivering a
speech. Credit Reuters
To prepare for a European Union
without the United Kingdom President of
the European Commission Jean-Claude
Juncker presented a White Paper in the
beginning of March 2017 to outline five
possible post-Brexit scenarios for the
European Union in 2025. Later this year
the European Council will use these
scenarios to determine what the
approach regarding the Brexit is going to
be.
The five scenarios of the European
Union in 2025 are called ‘carrying on,’
‘nothing but the single market,’ ‘those
who want more do more,’ ‘doing less
more efficiently,’ and ‘doing much more
together’. The starting point of all the
scenarios is that the remaining 27
member states move forward together as
a Union.
1.‘Carrying on’
The European Union focuses on
delivering its positive reform agenda.
The 27 remaining member states
continue to focus on jobs, growth and
investment by strengthening the Single
Market and by stepping up investment in
digital, transport and energy
infrastructure.
2.‘Nothing but the Single Market’
4
Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
The European Union is gradually re-
centered on the Single Market. The
functioning of the Single Market becomes
the main “raison d’être” of the 27
remaining member states. Further
progress depends on the capacity to
agree related policies and standards.
This proves easier for the free movement
of capital and of goods, which continues
tariff-free, than it does in other areas.
3.‘Those who want more do more’
The European Union allows willing
member states to do more together in
specific areas. A group of Member States
decides to cooperate much closer on
defense matters, making use of the
existing legal possibilities. This includes a
strong common research and industrial
base, joint procurement, more integrated
capabilities and enhanced military
readiness for joint missions abroad.
4.‘Doing less more efficiently’
The European Union focuses on
delivering more and faster in selected
policy areas, while doing less elsewhere.
The 27 remaining member states step up
their work in fields such as innovation,
trade, security, migration, the
management of borders and defense.
They develop new rules and enforcement
tools to deepen the Single Market in key
new areas. The 27 remaining member
states focus on excellence in R&D and
invest in new EU-wide projects to
support decarbonisation and
digitization.
5.‘Doing much more together’
The European Union decides to do
much more together across all policy
areas. On the international scene, Europe
speaks and acts as one in trade and is
represented by one seat in most
international fora. The European
Parliament has the final say on
international trade agreements. Defense
and security are prioritized. In full
complementarity with the North Atlantic
Treaty Organization (NATO), a
European Defense Union is created.
Cooperation in security matters is
routine. The 27 remaining member states
continue to lead the global fight against
climate change and strengthen their role
as the world’s largest humanitarian and
development aid donor. (Source:
Telegraph.co.uk)

Global Issues
History and Dynamics of US-
Saudi Relations
History and dynamics of US-Saudi relations:
The U.S.-Saudi Arabia alliance, which survived the oil
embargo in 1973 and the attacks on September 11, 2001, in
which fifteen of the nineteen passenger jet hijackers were
Saudi citizens, has passed through some recent strains. A
new generation of Saudi leaders, adjusting to what it had
seen as a resurgent Iran and a retreating United States,
chafed at President Barack Obama while pursuing an
aggressive military posture in the region. The Obama
administration, for its part, charged that Saudi Arabia
had exacerbated regional conflicts and undermined U.S.
interests while under the protection of the U.S. security
umbrella. President Donald J. Trump, by contrast, has
made Saudi Arabia the first foreign country he will visit
since taking office and has pledged to take an aggressive
posture toward Iranian expansionism.
Seventy-Year Alliance
Modern Saudi Arabia traces
its roots to an alliance
between the Saud family and
descendants of Sheikh
Mohammed Ibn Abdul Wahab,
a prominent Hanbali Muslim
cleric, who follow the most
conservative school of
jurisprudence in Sunni Islam.
This pact has endured for
centuries, influencing the
country's domestic and
foreign policy. Saudi
authorities ban women from
driving cars and deny them
other rights, and its
government champions its interpretation of sharia, or
Islamic law, by funding religious schools around the
world.
The United States, first through its oil industry and then
via government contacts, established a relationship with
Saudi Arabia's founder, King Abdulaziz, and his
successors that evolved into a close alliance despite a
stark clash in values. U.S. businesses have been involved
in Saudi Arabia's oil industry since 1933, when Standard
Oil of California (now Chevron) won a concession to
explore in eastern Saudi Arabia, discovering oil in 1938.
U.S. companies were preferred to European drillers
operating in Iraq and Iran because Saudi Arabia's
founder was wary of colonial powers that controlled much
of the region at the time.
President Franklin D. Roosevelt's meeting with King
Abdulaziz aboard the USS Murphy in Egypt in 1945
solidified the relationship. Saudi Arabia was officially
neutral during World War II but allowed Allies to use its
airspace, according to Rachel Bronson, author of Thicker
Than Oil: The U.S. and Saudi Arabia.
Oil
The Arabian American Oil Company, or Aramco,
established by Standard Oil and three partners—who
would later become Texaco, Exxon, and Mobil—discovered
the kingdom's reserves in 1944 and made the country the
5
Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
world's largest oil exporter. Saudi Arabia gradually bought
out foreign shareholders by 1980, and the company is now
known as Saudi Aramco, but U.S. energy companies
maintained business interests in Saudi Arabia. Chevron, Dow
Chemical, and ExxonMobil continue to be involved in refining
and petrochemical ventures.
Saudi Arabia is the world's largest holder of crude
reserves. It exported 7.55 million barrels in February 2016,
according to the Joint Organizations Data Initiative, which
compiles information about global energy production. The
scale of the kingdom's energy output gives it great influence
over energy markets, and protecting Saudi Arabia and other
Persian Gulf producers has been a cornerstone of U.S. foreign
policy for decades.
Since the early 1970s, Saudi Arabia and the Organization
of Petroleum Exporting Countries, or OPEC, have tried to
steer oil markets, first by setting prices and then adjusting
supply. OPEC actions, such as
keeping prices high in the
1970s and in the run-up to the
2009 global recession, directly
affected U.S. consumers and
prompted President George W.
Bush to complain to Saudi
Arabia's king about its oil
policies in 2008. Saudi
Arabia's ability to quickly
boost production led to the
collapse of oil output in the
United States in the 1980s as
prices plummeted by more
than 60 percent over a six-
month period.
In 2014, Saudi Arabia and
OPEC faced a new challenge: the U.S. shale revolution. Amid
rising U.S. shale production, Saudi oil exports to the United
States declined by more than 50 percent from April to
December 2014, dropping to 788,000 barrels per day in
January 2015, according to the U.S. Energy Information
Administration. Oil prices crashed from a June 2014 peak of
$110 per barrel to less than half that in 2015 and less than
$27 per barrel in early 2016.
Balancing the oil market, or making the price "fair" for
producers and consumers, is the stated goal of Riyadh's
energy policy, with a price of $100 per barrel considered
fair [PDF]. As crude oil topped $100 a barrel in the previous
decade, U.S. officials urged Saudi Arabia to boost supply and
bring down prices. Those calls became muted this decade, as
high prices helped spur investment in U.S. "tight" oils,
particularly those from shale formations. In 2014, facing a
glut in supply, Saudi Arabia and OPEC once again faced calls
to curb production. In November 2014, Saudi oil minister Ali
al-Naimi persuaded OPEC to keep pumping to force high-cost
producers—those exploiting shale, oil sands, and deep-sea
resources—to reduce their output. Naimi called it a "historic
decision" for OPEC to rely on market forces rather than
controlling prices as a swing producer, or balancer of supply
and demand.
Oil prices subsequently fell to record lows around $35 a
barrel, and in a December 2016 reversal, Saudi
 6

Weekly Current Affairs MCQs Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017

Arabia pressed OPEC members to collectively curb their be able to collect on them.
production. The six-month agreement, which went into
effect in January, has so far held, defying some analysts’
expectations. The cartel’s eleven member states have
reduced their collective output by nearly thirty million
barrels per day, and by the spring of 2017, oil was trading
at more than $50 a barrel.
Defense and Counterterrorism
Providing security for the oil-rich Persian Gulf region
has been a U.S. foreign policy priority since World War II.
U.S. companies were responsible for much of the oil
produced in the region through the 1970s, and after Saudi
nationalization of its oil industry at the end of that
decade, the Saudis became an important U.S. partner in
the Cold War. The United States had for many years relied
on Iran under the rule of the shah as part of a “twin
pillar” policy of stabilizing the region. However, Iran’s
Islamic revolution in 1979 upended that approach, leaving
Saudi Arabia as the main U.S. ally in the region for the
The United States ended its military operations in Saudi
past three decades.
Arabia in 2003, a move that tempered domestic criticism
U.S.-Saudi military cooperation peaked in the first Gulf
against Saudi rulers, while the kingdom improved its
War in 1991 under a U.S.-led coalition that expelled Iraqi
intelligence cooperation with the United States, which helped
forces from Kuwait. More than half a million U.S. troops
thwart attacks. Saudi Arabia maintains a “robust
flooded into the region, with many based in Saudi Arabia.
counterterrorism relationship with the United States,”
The presence of U.S. soldiers in the kingdom drew ire from
according to a June 2015 State Department report [PDF].
conservatives there and reinforced Wahhabi arguments
Saudi Arabia is the top destination for U.S. arms,
that the Saudi elite was too accommodating to Western
purchasing 9.7 percent of U.S. exports from 2011 to 2015.
and non-Muslim interests.
Saudi Arabia's total arms imports increased by 275 percent
The United States, Saudi Arabia, and Pakistan
between 2006 and 2010, according to the research
supported Afghan resistance to the Soviet occupation of
organization SIPRI [PDF]. The United States also helps Saudi
Afghanistan, which lasted from 1979 to 1989. Cash and
Arabia secure its oil assets by providing training and
weapons flowed to the Afghan jihad, which attracted
advisors to Saudi security forces.
thousands of Sunni Muslims from the Middle East and
Divergence
North Africa. Saudi-born Osama bin Laden, son of the
U.S.-Saudi relations have never been in complete harmony.
founder of the largest construction company in the region,
The Israeli-Palestinian conflict has been a source of
joined the jihad in the 1980s and was an important
contention from early days in the relationship. During the
recruiter of Saudi fighters to Afghanistan.
second intifada, Riyadh proposed the Arab Peace Initiative,
Bin Laden returned to Saudi Arabia a hero, and his
under which Arab countries would normalize relations with
years of service in Afghanistan provided him close links to
Israel in exchange for its withdrawal from occupied
the kingdom’s intelligence officials. But his experience in
territories and a “just solution” for Palestinian refugees.
Afghanistan put him at odds with the Arab states. He left
Elements of the initiative were adopted by the Bush and
the country by early 1992 and was stripped of citizenship
Obama administrations, and may inform the Trump
in 1994. From his new base in Afghanistan, and protected
administration as it considers embarking on an initiative of
by that country’s new Taliban leadership, bin Laden
its own.
issued a fatwa against “Americans occupying the land of
Terrorism financing, the export of the kingdom’s austere
the two holy mosques” [PDF], or Saudi Arabia, in 1996.
interpretation of Islam, human rights abuses against women,
Al-Qaeda, the terrorist network established by bin Laden,
and the lack of democratic representation (as documented
announced plans to attack U.S. forces in Saudi Arabia and
annually by the State Department) have also created friction
accused King Fahd bin Abdulaziz al-Saud of governing
in the relationship.
outside of sharia and being hostile to Muslims.
Although the United States and Saudi Arabia have shared
Saudi Arabia was defensive about its role in the rise of
objectives of regional stability and containing Iran, they
global jihadi terrorism, and a wave of popular anti-Saudi
differed on core issues during the Obama administration.
sentiment in the United States following the 9/11
Saudi Arabia was dismayed by the lack of U.S. support for
attacks damaged relations between the countries. The
ousted Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak, and the kingdom
Bush administration’s omission of twenty-eight
urged a greater U.S. role in toppling Syrian President Bashar
pages from the 9/11 Commission Report fueled speculation
al-Assad, whose regime is aligned with Iran. Saudi Arabia
that the U.S. government was covering up evidence that
was not included in initial negotiations on Iran’s nuclear
Saudi officials were complicit in the attacks. In 2016, the
program, which were conducted in secret in Oman in 2013.
U.S. Congress passed legislation, over President Obama’s
Saudi Arabia's intervention in Yemen’s civil war in 2015
veto and Saudi threats of economic retaliation, that allows
marked a shift from checkbook diplomacy to a more
the families of 9/11 victims to sue the kingdom, an
militaristic posture in the region. The Obama administration
exception to the principle of sovereign immunity. But the
provided Saudi Arabia with arms, intelligence, and aerial
version of the bill that was ultimately passed, said legal
refueling to prosecute the war, but there were underlying
scholar Stephen I. Vladeck, makes it more likely that even
disagreements between U.S. and Saudi policymakers.
if the plaintiffs were awarded damages, they would never
Washington called for restraint amid high civilian costs,
including the destruction of hospitals and infrastructure
needed to transport food to populations on the verge of
famine. The Obama administration, in its final

Pakistan’s
Weekly External
Current Affairs
Affairs MCQs
months, suspended the sale of precision-guided missiles to
Saudi Arabia. The Trump administration has moved to
reverse this, prompting lawmakers to press for
congressional scrutiny of the Saudi campaign. U.S.
Defense Secretary Jim Mattis, visiting the kingdom in
April 2017, offered his support for the war as a way of
pushing back against Iran.
Analysts view the shift in the kingdom's foreign
policy as a reflection of the growing power of a new
generation of princes and technocrats, solidified in the
April 2015 appointment of Mohammed bin Nayef as
crown prince and Prince Mohammed bin Salman as
second in line to the throne and defense minister. Still,
analysts say both men will likely maintain close ties to the
United States and share Washington's core security
concerns, especially in confronting al-Qaeda and the self-
proclaimed Islamic State, which has attacked both Sunni
and Shia mosques in the kingdom.
Business Opportunities
Common economic, security, and geopolitical interests
are likely to maintain strong ties between the countries
for the foreseeable future. Saudi government officials and
businessmen, both royals and commoners, have deep ties
to the United States. Saudi ministers, including those of
finance and petroleum, have degrees
from U.S. universities. Fahad al-
Mubarak, the central bank governor
who controls over $700 billion in
reserves, mostly in U.S. Treasuries,
was previously chairman of Morgan
Stanley's unit in Saudi Arabia. Prince
Alwaleed bin Talal, the kingdom's
most famous billionaire investor,
owns stakes in Citigroup and Twitter.
These ties, along with the large
number of wealthy families in Saudi
Arabia, have long made the country a
source of investments in U.S.
companies. No international
fundraising "road show" for private
equity firms or hedge funds is
complete without a stop in Riyadh, or
at least without the bankers who
manage money for Saudis in Dubai.
As the kingdom's economy expanded over the past
decade and its stock market opened to investors in 2015,
many U.S. and European banks are expanding operations
in Saudi Arabia. Bank of America has been preparing for
the Saudi market opening for years, and Morgan Stanley
and Credit Suisse have shifted staff from Dubai to Riyadh.
Trump’s vision for ‘Arab Nato’ in Saudi Arabia
WHEN President Donald Trump arrives in Riyadh this
week, he will lay out his vision for a new regional security
architecture White House officials call an “Arab Nato” to
guide the fight against terrorism and push back against Iran.
As a cornerstone of the plan, Trump will also announce one of
the largest arms-sales deals in history.
Behind the scenes, the Trump administration and Saudi
Arabia have been conducting extensive negotiations, led by
White House senior adviser Jared Kushner and Saudi Deputy
Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. The discussions began
shortly after the presidential election, when Mohammed,
known in Washington as “MBS”, sent a delegation to meet
with Kushner and other Trump officials at Trump Tower.
After years of disillusionment with the Obama
administration, the Saudi leadership was eager to do
business. “They were willing to make a bet on Trump and on
America,” a senior White House official said.
7
Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
In that meeting and during a follow-up meeting three weeks
later, the Saudis proposed a broad elevation of the US-Saudi
relationship and proposed various projects to increase security
cooperation, economic cooperation and investment, White House
officials said. The Trump team gave the Saudis a list of Trump
priorities, calling on the kingdom to step up actions to combat
radical Islamic extremism, intensify the fight against the militant
Islamic State group and share the burden of regional security.
In recent weeks, the Trump administration has tasked various
government agencies to develop a series of announcements
Trump will make this weekend. Secretary of State Rex Tillerson
is now heavily involved. One main objective is to put forth a
framework and basic principles for a unified Sunni coalition of
countries, which would set the stage for a more formal Nato-like
organisational structure down the line.
“We all have the same enemy and we all want the same thing,”
the official said. “What this trip hopefully will do is just change
the environment.”
The idea of an “Arab Nato” has been bandied about for years —
and has always had strong Saudi support — but until now was
never openly endorsed by the US government. Officials said the
concept fits three major tenants of Trump’s “America First”
foreign-policy frame: asserting more American leadership in the
region, shifting the financial burden of security to allies and
providing for US jobs at home (through the massive arms sales).
The president is looking for an answer to the question of how
the United States can eventually hand over security
responsibility in the region to the countries that are there,
officials said.
Reports from the region about early discussions of the project
said that in addition to Saudi Arabia, initial participants in the
coalition would include the United Arab Emirates, Egypt and
Jordan, with the United States playing an organising and
support role while staying outside the alliance.
The White House admits that many of the details of how the
new alliance will operate remain to be worked out. The countries
of the region harbour deep historical grievances and don’t agree
on key issues, including the way forward in Syria. A 2015 effort
by Egypt to establish a pan-Arab fighting force collapsed due to
squabbling among the countries involved.
“This is the sort of gesture many of America’s security partners
have been looking to get from the United States for many years,”
said Brian Katulis, a senior fellow at the Center of American
Progress. “The value of any such a pact would depend on the
results it produces — whether it achieves greater stability, helps
resolve conflicts like Yemen and Syria, and achieves progress in
the fight against terrorist groups across the region.”
The most concrete part of the idea is a mammoth US arms
package for Saudi Arabia that Trump will also announce in

Riyadh. Final details are still being worked out, but officials
said the package will include between $98 billion and $128bn
in arms sales. Over 10 years, total sales could reach $350bn.
The sales include huge upgrades for the Saudi army and
navy to include Littoral Combat Ships, THAAD missile
defence systems, armoured personnel carriers, missiles,
bombs and munitions, officials said. Some of the production
and assembly could be located in Saudi Arabia, boosting
MBS’s project to build a Saudi domestic defence industrial
capability. But most of the items would be built by American
defence contractors.
“The US has sought for a long time to get the Saudis to do
more to focus on its navy, to modernise and make the forces
Pakistan’s External Affairs
Exclusive: CPEC Master Plan
Revealed
Details from original documents laying out the CPEC long
term plan are publicly disclosed for the first time.
 Plan eyes agriculture
 Large surveillance system for cities
 Visa-free entry for Chinese nationals
The floodgates are about to open. Prime Minister Nawaz
Sharif arrived in Beijing over the weekend to participate in
the One Belt, One Road summit, and the top item on his
agenda is to finalise the Long Term Plan (LTP) for the China-
Pakistan Economic Corridor. [See next tab for details on how
the plan was made].
Dawn has acquired exclusive access to the original
document, and for the first time its details are being publicly
disclosed here. The plan lays out in detail what Chinese
intentions and priorities are in Pakistan for the next decade
and a half, details that have not been discussed in public thus
far.
Two versions of the Long Term Plan are with the
government. The full version is the one that was drawn up by
the China Development Bank and the National Development
Reform Commission of the People’s Republic of China. It is
231 pages long.
The shortened version is dated February 2017. It contains
only broad brushstroke descriptions of the various “areas of
cooperation” and none of the details. It was drawn up for
circulation to the provincial governments to obtain their
assent. It is 30 pages long. The only provincial government
that received the full version of the plan is the Punjab
government.
For instance, thousands of acres of agricultural land will be
leased out to Chinese enterprises to set up “demonstration
projects” in areas ranging from seed varieties to irrigation
8
in the Gulf more effective,” said Anthony Cordesman of the
Center for Strategic and International Studies. “From the US
perspective, the stronger the Saudi deterrent is, the lower the risk
of any military confrontation with Iran.”
The pending announcements of the new security framework
and the huge arms deal are evidence that the Saudi courtship of
the Trump White House has been successful beyond expectations.
Whether it results in real stability in the region, real progress
against terrorism or real deterrence against Iran depends on
what happens after Trump’s overseas trip is over. (Source:
Council on Foreign Relations)
technology. A full system of monitoring and surveillance will be
built in cities from Peshawar to Karachi, with 24 hour video
recordings on roads and busy marketplaces for law and order. A
national fibreoptic backbone will be built for the country not only
for internet traffic, but also terrestrial distribution of broadcast
TV, which will cooperate with Chinese media in the
“dissemination of Chinese culture”.
The plan envisages a deep and broad-based penetration of
most sectors of Pakistan’s economy as well as its society by
Chinese enterprises and culture. Its scope has no precedent in
Pakistan’s history in terms of how far it opens up the domestic
economy to participation by foreign enterprises. In some areas
the plan seeks to build on a market presence already established
by Chinese enterprises, eg Haier in household appliances,
ChinaMobile and Huawei in telecommunications and China
Metallurgical Group Corporation (MCC) in mining and
minerals.
In other cases, such as textiles and garments, cement and
building materials, fertiliser and agricultural technologies
(among others) it calls for building the infrastructure and a
supporting policy environment to facilitate fresh entry. A key
element in this is the creation of industrial parks, or special
economic zones, which “must meet specified conditions, including
availability of water…perfect infrastructure, sufficient supply of
energy and the capacity of self service power”, according to the
plan.
But the main thrust of the plan actually lies in agriculture,
contrary to the image of CPEC as a massive industrial and
transport undertaking, involving power plants and highways.
The plan acquires its greatest specificity, and lays out the largest
number of projects and plans for their facilitation, in agriculture.

Pakistan’s External Affairs
The plan states at the outset that the corridor “spans
Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and whole Pakistan in
spatial range”. It’s main aim is to connect South Xinjiang
with Pakistan. It is divided into a “core area” and what they
call the “radiation zones”, those territories that will feel the
knock on effects of the work being done in the core area. The
core area includes “Kashgar, Tumshuq, Atushi and Akto of
Kizilsu Kirghiz of Xinjiang” from China, and “most of
Islamabad’s Capital territory, Punjab, and Sindh, and some
areas of Gilgit-Baltistan, Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, and
Balochistan” from Pakistan. It has “one belt, three passages,
and two axes and five functional zones”, where the belt is “the
strip area formed by important arterial traffic in China and
Pakistan".
Agriculture
For agriculture, the plan outlines an engagement that runs
from one end of the supply chain all the way to the other.
From provision of seeds and other inputs, like fertiliser, credit
and pesticides, Chinese enterprises will also operate their
own farms, processing facilities for fruits and vegetables and
grain. Logistics companies will operate a large storage and
transportation system for agrarian produce.
It identifies opportunities for entry by Chinese enterprises
in the myriad dysfunctions that afflict Pakistan’s agriculture
9
Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
sector. For instance, “due to lack of cold-chain logistics and
processing facilities, 50% of agricultural products go bad during
harvesting and transport”, it notes.
Enterprises entering agriculture will be offered extraordinary
levels of assistance from the Chinese government. They are
encouraged to “[m]ake the most of the free capital and loans”
from various ministries of the Chinese government as well as the
China Development Bank. The plan also offers to maintain a
mechanism that will “help Chinese agricultural enterprises to
contact the senior representatives of the Government of Pakistan
and China”.
The government of China will “actively strive to utilize the
national special funds as the discount interest for the loans of
agricultural foreign investment”. In the longer term the financial
risk will be spread out, through “new types of financing such as
consortium loans, joint private equity and joint debt issuance,
raise funds via multiple channels and decentralise financing
risks”.
The plan proposes to harness the work of the Xinjiang
Production and Construction Corps to bring mechanization as
well as scientific technique in livestock breeding, development of
hybrid varieties and precision irrigation to Pakistan. It sees its
main opportunity as helping the Kashgar Prefecture, a territory
within the larger Xinjiang Autonomous Zone, which suffers from

Pakistan’s External Affairs
a poverty incidence of 50 per cent, and large distances that
make it difficult to connect to larger markets in order to
promote development. The prefecture’s total output in
agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery
amounted to just over $5 billion in 2012, and its population
was less than 4 million in 2010, hardly a market with
windfall gains for Pakistan.
However, for the Chinese, this is the main driving force
behind investing in Pakistan’s agriculture, in addition to the
many profitable opportunities that can open up for their
enterprises from operating in the local market. The plan
makes some reference to export of agriculture goods from the
ports, but the bulk of its emphasis is focused on the
opportunities for the Kashgar Prefecture and Xinjiang
Production Corps, coupled with the opportunities for
profitable engagement in the domestic market.
The plan discusses those engagements in considerable
detail. Ten key areas for engagement are identified along
with seventeen specific projects. They include the construction
of one NPK fertilizer plant as a starting point “with an annual
output of 800,000 tons”. Enterprises will be inducted to lease
farm implements, like tractors, “efficient plant protection
machinery, efficient energy saving pump equipment,
precision fertilization drip irrigation equipment” and
planting and harvesting machinery.
Meat processing plants in Sukkur are planned with annual
output of 200,000 tons per year, and two demonstration
plants processing 200,000 tons of milk per year. In crops,
demonstration projects of more than 6,500 acres will be set
up for high yield seeds and irrigation, mostly in Punjab. In
transport and storage, the plan aims to build “a nationwide
logistics network, and enlarge the warehousing and
distribution network between major cities of Pakistan” with a
focus on grains, vegetables and fruits. Storage bases will be
10
Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
built first in Islamabad and Gwadar in the first phase, then
Karachi, Lahore and another in Gwadar in the second phase,
and between 2026-2030, Karachi, Lahore and Peshawar will
each see another storage base.
Asadabad, Islamabad, Lahore and Gwadar will see a
vegetable processing plant, with annual output of 20,000 tons,
fruit juice and jam plant of 10,000 tons and grain processing of 1
million tons. A cotton processing plant is also planned initially,
with output of 100,000 tons per year.
“We will impart advanced planting and breeding techniques to
peasant households or farmers by means of land acquisition by
the government, renting to China-invested enterprises and
building planting and breeding bases” it says about the plan to
source superior seeds.
In each field, Chinese enterprises will play the lead role.
“China-invested enterprises will establish factories to produce
fertilizers, pesticides, vaccines and feedstuffs” it says about the
production of agricultural materials.
“China-invested enterprises will, in the form of joint ventures,
shareholding or acquisition, cooperate with local enterprises of
Pakistan to build a three-level warehousing system (purchase &
storage warehouse, transit warehouse and port warehouse)” it says
about warehousing.
One of the most intriguing chapters in the plan speaks of a long
belt of coastal enjoyment industry that includes yacht wharfs, cruise
homeports, nightlife, city parks, public squares, theaters, golf
courses and spas, hot spring hotels and water sports.
Then it talks about trade. “We will actively embark on cultivating
surrounding countries in order to improve import and export
potential of Pakistani agricultural products and accelerate the trade
of agricultural products. In the early stages, we will gradually
create a favorable industry image and reputation for Pakistan
by relying on domestic demand.”
11

Pakistan’s External Affairs
China. It says Chinese enterprises should seek “coordinated
cooperation with Pakistani enterprises” and “maintain
orderly competition and mutual coordination.” It advises
them to make an effort “seeking for powerful strategic
partners for bundling interest in Pakistan.”
As security measures, enterprises will be advised “to
respect the religions and customs of the local people, treat
people as equals and live in harmony”. They will also be
advised to “increase local employment and contribute to local
society by means of subcontracting and consortiums.” In the
final sentence of the chapter on agriculture, the plan says the
government of China will “[s]trengthen the safety
cooperation with key countries, regions and international
organizations, jointly prevent and crack down on terrorist
acts that endanger the safety of Chinese overseas enterprises
and their staff.”
Industry
For industry, the plan trifurcates the country into three
zones: western and northwestern, central and southern. Each
zone is marked to receive specific industries in designated
industrial parks, of which only a few are actually mentioned.
The western and northwestern zone, covering most of
Balochistan and KP province, is marked for mineral
extraction, with potential in chrome ore, “gold reserves hold a
considerable potential, but are still at the exploration stage”,
and diamonds. One big mineral product that the plan
discusses is marble. Already, China is Pakistan’s largest
buyer of processed marble, at almost 80,000 tons per year.
The plan looks to set up 12 marble and granite processing
sites in locations ranging from Gilgit and Kohistan in the
north, to Khuzdar in the south.
The central zone is marked for textiles, household
appliances and cement. Four separate locations are pointed
out for future cement clusters: Daudkhel, Khushab, Esakhel
and Mianwali. The case of cement is interesting, because the
plan notes that Pakistan is surplus in cement capacity, then
goes on to say that “in the future, there is a larger space of
cooperation for China to invest in the cement process
transformation”.
“There is a plan to build a pilot safe city in Peshawar, which
faces a fairly severe security situation in northwestern
Pakistan”.
For the southern zone, the plan recommends that “Pakistan
develop petrochemical, iron and steel, harbor industry,
engineering machinery, trade processing and auto and auto
parts (assembly)” due to the proximity of Karachi and its
ports. This is the only part in the report where the auto
industry is mentioned in any substantive way, which is a little
surprising because the industry is one of the fastest growing
in the country. The silence could be due to lack of interest on
the part of the Chinese to acquire stakes, or to diplomatic
prudence since the sector is, at the moment, entirely
dominated by Japanese companies (Toyota, Honda and
Suzuki).
Gwadar, also in the southern zone, “is positioned as the
direct hinterland connecting Balochistan and Afghanistan.”
As a CPEC entreport, the plan recommends that it be built
into “a base of heavy and chemical industries, such as iron
and steel/petrochemical”. It notes that “some Chinese
enterprises have started investment and construction in
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Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
Gwadar” taking advantage of its “superior geographical position
and cheap shipping costs to import crude oil from the Middle
East, iron ore and coking coal resources from South Africa and
New Zealand” for onward supply to the local market “as well as
South Asia and Middle East after processing at port.”
The plan shows great interest in the textiles industry in
particular, but the interest is focused largely on yarn and coarse
cloth. The reason, as the plan lays out, is that in Xinjiang the
textile industry has already attained higher levels of
productivity. Therefore, “China can make the most of the
Pakistani market in cheap raw materials to develop the textiles &
garments industry and help soak up surplus labor forces in
Kashgar”. The ensuing strategy is described cryptically as the
principle of “introducing foreign capital and establishing
domestic connections as a crossover of West and East".
Preferential policies will be necessary to attract enterprises to
come to the newly built industrial parks envisioned under the
plan. The areas where such preferences need to be extended are
listed in the plan as “land, tax, logistics and services” as well as
land price, “enterprise income tax, tariff reduction and
exemption and sales tax rate.”
Fibreoptics and surveillance
One of the oldest priorities for the Chinese government since
talks on CPEC began is fibreoptic connectivity between China
and Pakistan. An MoU for such a link was signed in July 2013, at
a time when CPEC appeared to be little more than a road link
between Kashgar and Gwadar. But the plan reveals that the link
goes far beyond a simple fibreoptic set up.
China has various reasons for wanting a terrestrial fibreoptic
link with Pakistan, including its own limited number of
submarine landing stations and international gateway
exchanges which can serve as a bottleneck to future growth of
internet traffic. This is especially true for the western provinces.
“Moreover, China’s telecom services to Africa need to be
transferred in Europe, so there is certain hidden danger of the
overall security” says the plan. Pakistan has four submarine
cables to handle its internet traffic, but only one landing station,
which raises security risks as well.
So the plan envisages a terrestrial cable across the Khunjerab
pass to Islamabad, and a submarine landing station in Gwadar,
linked to Sukkur. From there, the backbone will link the two in
Islamabad, as well as all major cities in Pakistan.
The expanded bandwidth that will open up will enable
terrestrial broadcast of digital HD television, called Digital
Television Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcasting (DTMB). This is
envisioned as more than just a technological contribution. It is a
“cultural transmission carrier. The future cooperation between
Chinese and Pakistani media will be beneficial to disseminating
Chinese culture in Pakistan, further enhancing mutual
understanding between the two peoples and the traditional
friendship between the two countries.” The plan says nothing
about how the system will be used to control the content of
broadcast media, nor does it say anything more about “the
future cooperation between Chinese and Pakistani media”.
It also seeks to create an electronic monitoring and control
system for the border in Khunjerab, as well as run a “safe cities”
project. The safe city project will deploy explosive detectors and
scanners to “cover major roads, case-prone areas and crowded
places…in urban areas to conduct real-time monitoring and 24
hour video recording.” Signals gathered from the surveillance

Pakistan’s External
DomesticAffairs
Affairs
system will be transmitted to a command centre, but the plan
says nothing about who will staff the command centre, what
sort of signs they will look for, and who will provide the
response.
“There is a plan to build a pilot safe city in Peshawar, which
faces a fairly severe security situation in northwestern
Pakistan” the plan says, following which the program will be
extended to major cities such as Islamabad, Lahore and
Karachi, hinting that the feeds will be shared eventually, and
perhaps even recorded.
Tourism and recreation
One of the most intriguing chapters in the plan is the one
that talks about the development of a “coastal tourism”
industry. It speaks of a long belt of coastal enjoyment
industry that includes yacht wharfs, cruise homeports,
nightlife, city parks, public squares, theaters, golf courses and
spas, hot spring hotels and water sports. The belt will run
from Keti Bunder to Jiwani, the last habitation before the
Iranian border. Then, somewhat disappointingly, it adds that
“more work needs to be done” before this vision can be
realized.
The plans are laid out in surprising detail. For instance,
Gwadar will feature international cruise clubs that “provide
marine tourists private rooms that would feel as though they
were ‘living in the ocean’”. And just as the feeling sinks in, it
goes on to say that “[f]or the development of coastal vacation
products, Islamic culture, historical culture, folk culture and
marine culture shall all be integrated.” Apparently more
work needs to be done here too.
For Ormara, the plan recommends building “unique
recreational activities” that would also encourage “the
natural, exciting, participatory, sultry, and tempting
characteristics” to come through. For Keti Bunder it
recommends wildlife sanctuaries, an aquarium and a
botanical garden. For Sonmiani, on the eastern edge of
Karachi, “projects like a coastal beach, extended greenway,
coastal villa, car camp, SPA, beach playground and a seafood
street can be developed.”
It is an expansive vision that the plan lays out, and towards
the end, it asks for the following: “Make the visa-free tourism
possible with China to provide more convenient policy
support for Chinese tourists to Pakistan.” There is no mention
of a reciprocal arrangement for Pakistani nationals visiting
China.
Finance and risk
In any plan, the question of financial resources is always
crucial. The long term plan drawn up by the China
Development Bank is at its sharpest when discussing
Pakistan’s financial sector, government debt market, depth of
commercial banking and the overall health of the financial
system. It is at its most unsentimental when drawing up the
risks faced by long term investments in Pakistan’s economy.
The chief risk the plan identifies is politics and security.
“There are various factors affecting Pakistani politics, such as
competing parties, religion, tribes, terrorists, and Western
intervention” the authors write. “The security situation is the
worst in recent years”. The next big risk, surprisingly, is
inflation, which the plan says has averaged 11.6 per cent over
the past 6 years. “A high inflation rate means a rise of
project-related costs and a decline in profits.”
13
Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
Efforts will be made, says the plan, to furnish “free and low
interest loans to Pakistan” once the costs of the corridor begin to
come in. But this is no free ride, it emphasizes. “Pakistan’s federal
and involved local governments should also bear part of the
responsibility for financing through issuing sovereign guarantee
bonds, meanwhile protecting and improving the proportion and
scale of the government funds invested in corridor construction
in the financial budget.”
It asks for financial guarantees “to provide credit
enhancement support for the financing of major infrastructure
projects, enhance the financing capacity, and protect the
interests of creditors.” Relying on the assessments of the IMF,
World Bank and the ADB, it notes that Pakistan’s economy
cannot absorb FDI much above $2 billion per year without
giving rise to stresses in its economy. “It is recommended that
China’s maximum annual direct investment in Pakistan should
be around US$1 billion.” Likewise, it concludes that Pakistan’s
ceiling for preferential loans should be $1 billion, and for non
preferential loans no more than $1.5 billion per year.
It advises its own enterprises to take precautions to protect
their own investments. “International business cooperation with
Pakistan should be conducted mainly with the government as a
support, the banks as intermediary agents and enterprises as the
mainstay.” Nor is the growing engagement some sort of
brotherly involvement. “The cooperation with Pakistan in the
monetary and financial areas aims to serve China’s diplomatic
strategy.”
The other big risk the plan refers to is exchange rate risk, after
noting the severe weakness in Pakistan’s ability to earn foreign
exchange. To mitigate this, the plan proposes tripling the size of
the swap mechanism between the RMB and the Pakistani rupee
to 30 billion Yuan, diversifying power purchase payments
beyond the dollar into RMB and rupee basket, tapping the Hong
Kong market for RMB bonds, and diversifying enterprise loans
from a wide array of sources. The growing role of the RMB in
Pakistan’s economy is a clearly stated objective of the measures
proposed.
Conclusion
It is not clear how much of the plan will be earnestly followed
up and how much is there simply to evince interest from the
Pakistani side. In the areas of interest contained in the plan, it
appears access to the full supply chain of the agrarian economy
is a top priority for the Chinese. After that the capacity of the
textile spinning sector to serve the raw material needs of
Xinjiang, and the garment and value added sector to absorb
Chinese technology is another priority.
Next is the growing domestic market, particularly in cement
and household appliances, which receive detailed treatment in
the plan. And lastly, through greater financial integration, the
plan seeks to advance the internationalization of the RMB, as
well as diversify the risks faced by Chinese enterprises entering
Pakistan.
Gwadar receives passing mention as an economic prospect,
mainly for its capacity to serve as a port of exit for minerals
from Balochistan and Afghanistan, and as an entreport for
wider trade in the greater Indian Ocean zone from South Africa
to New Zealand. There is no mention of China’s external trade
being routed through Gwadar. Judging from their conversations
with the government, it appears that the Pakistanis are pushing
the Chinese to begin work on the Gwadar International Airport,

Pakistan’s Domestic Affairs
Chinese President Xi Jinping and foreign delegation heads and guests pose
at the Leaders' Roundtable Summit of the Belt and Road Forum (BRF) for
International Cooperation at Yanqi Lake International Convention Center
How Pakistan has received a boost from the Belt and
Road Forum summit
Was Belt and Road Forum (BRF) summit an overall
success? Yes, from the Chinese point of view, the BRF summit
was a hit because most of the key nations through which the
Belt and Road projects pass through, barring India, attended
the summit at the highest level.
Thus it added substance to China's bid to create a new
world order across Asia. But the EU representatives
(including those from Belgium, Estonia, Germany, Hungary,
Italy and Spain) struck a jarring note by rejecting a Chinese
text related to a trade prepared at the summit.
Reports
According to media reports, EU representatives explained
that for Europe, the BR initiative would only succeed if it was
based on transparency and co-ownership.
The EU representative had also raised the issue of
profitability of the project, which remains a big question
1Aung San Suu Kyi, State Counsellor of Myanmar, leaves Beijing after
Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation
mark. This, in a way, vindicated India's perceptions on the
BR initiative.
Internally, the successful conclusion of BRF has given
Chinese President Xi Jinping's image a big boost, making him
'the master of all he surveys', as the cliche goes. This would
14
Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
whereas the Chinese are pushing for early completion of the
Eastbay Expressway.
But the entry of Chinese firms will not be limited to the CPEC
framework alone, as the recent acquisition of the Pakistan Stock
Exchange, and the impending acquisition of K Electric
demonstrate. In fact, CPEC is only the opening of the door. What
comes through once that door has been opened is difficult to
forecast.
Addendum: Apropos a story titled “CPEC master plan
revealed” appearing in Dawn on May 15, Minister for Planning,
Development and Reform Ahsan Iqbal has said that CPEC’s Long
Term Plan is not a project document, rather it “delineates the
aspirations of both sides”.
“It is a live document and both sides [China and Pakistan]
have an understanding to modify it as per the need besides
reviewing it periodically,” Mr Iqbal claimed on Monday.
(By Shahzad Chaudhary: Published in the News
International, May 12, 2017)
further strengthen his control over the three echelons of power:
the CPC, the government and People's Liberation Army (PLA).
But his acid test will be to successfully carry forward the
project and deliver on his promises on OBOR to the people. This
may not be an easy task, given the complexities of the BR
Chinese President Xi Jinping welcomes Vietnamese President Tran Dai Quang before
the Leaders' Roundtable Summit of the Belt and Road Forum (BRF)
initiative and the imponderables on its gruelling course.
As for India's decision to boycott the forum, opinions are
divided in the country. This is evident from editorials in national
dailies, which are equally divided on the issue. There are merits
and demerits in the decision taken by India.

The boycott is in keeping with the government's policy
decision, which was crystallised after China chose to ignore
India's repeated expressions of concern about the CPEC's
violation of Indian sovereignty in illegally occupied Indian
territory in Kashmir. Our foreign secretary has explained India's
deep concerns explicitly to the Chinese counterparts on a number
of occasions.
On the negative side, by boycotting the BRF, Prime Minister
Narendra Modi lost a very good opportunity to put across the
Indian perspectives and reservations on the OBOR and the CPEC

Pakistan’s Domestic Affairs
at the forum attended by heads of state and high dignitaries
from 29 countries.
 Overall, we can expect the Pakistani Prime Minister to be fully
I presume, the government took an informed decision to
boycott the summit, considering the pros and cons in the
entirety. I also expect the government to have worked out a
post-boycott action strategy.
We will have to wait and see the developments in this
regard in the coming weeks. No one can deny that the BRF
has given a boost to Pakistan. The Chinese gave place of
prominence to Pakistan in the summit and Prime Minister
Nawaz Sharif was basking in its glory. It has come at the
right time for him when his political fortunes at home have
gone south rapidly.
He had been plagued by uncertainties about his future on
two counts: uneasy relations with the army, which is a power
centre outside the constitution in Pakistan.
The other is the judicial probe into the offshore accounts of
his sons, the details of which were leaked out in the Panama
Papers. It continues to haunt him. Considering this, the BRF
probably worked as a shot in the arm for him, as his body
language and broad smile in the visuals of the forum
indicate.
But on his triumphal return home, Nawaz Sharif will be
facing flak from the opposition and the media, which have
been critical of the lack of transparency in the China Pakistan
Economic Corridor (CPEC) project. This has gathered more
mass, particularly after the Karachi newspaper Dawn
published two CPEC project documents for the first time.
These indicate the great game the Chinese are playing in
Pakistan. I am not sure how the Pakistan intelligentsia and
politicians will react to China planning to call the shots in all
Pakistan’s Domestic Affairs
Transcript of Ehsanullah
Ehsan’s Confession
“My name is Liaquat Ali, aka Ehsanullah Ehsan, and I
belong to the Mohmand Agency,” Ehsan is heard saying at
the beginning of the the video.
“I joined the TTP in 2008, when I was a college student.”
“I have been a spokesperson for TTP Mohmand, TTP’s
central division, and the Jamaat-ul-Ahrar,” he says. “I have
seen a lot in my nine years with these organisations.”
“These people have misled people in the name of Islam,
especially the youth, for their own ends. They themselves do
not hold themselves to the same standards they champion
for others.”
“A particular group [within them] is responsible for
misleading people, kidnapping them and extorting them for
money, and murdering innocents,” he says. “These people
have been behind bombing attacks in public spaces and
attacking schools, colleges and universities. This is not what
Islam teaches us,” he says.
15
Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
walks of life in Pakistan in the next decade plus, as visualised in
the project papers.
occupied with damage control measures to salvage his
reputation, already in tatters. The Pakistan army will be very
happy with the BRF outcome as it has been an unflinching
supporter of the CPEC.
As China's powerful ally in Pakistan, the army will benefit
immensely from the strategic alliance with the Chinese, not only
on the military front but in internal power play as well.
It is likely to increase as the CPEC matures further in the
coming days. Beefing up of infrastructure visualised under the
project would add to rapid manoeuvrability of Pakistan's armed
forces in the coming years, particularly along its western
borders along Iran and Afghanistan.
Of course, along our western borders, improved
communication networks to be executed under the project could
add form and content to the Pakistani army's muscle-flexing in
tandem with its Chinese allies. So we can expect increased
belligerence from the army, hiking up provocative activities
through jihadi proxies in the Kashmir Valley to tie up our forces
in fighting rearguard actions.
This would add depth to safely execute the CPEC project in PoK
in areas close to the border. It should also be a matter of concern
for our national security planners, as the days may not be far off
when the Pakistan army carries out a joint exercise with the PLA
close to our western borders.
So the moot question is — are the Indian armed forces ready to
face an increasingly belligerent Pakistan army, egged on by
China's elbow strength likely to increasingly figure on the
nation's security ouija board in the coming months and
years.(Source: Daily Mail
“When the operation in Waziristan kicked off, these
people started fighting within themselves for more power
and leadership,” Ehsan reveals.
“After Hakimullah was killed, a new succession struggle
kicked off,” Ehsan says. “Separate campaigns were kicked
off in support of Omar Khalid Khorasani, [Khan Said]
Sajna and Mullah Fazlullah. Everyone wanted power, so
a shura decided that there would be a draw of names for
who would be leader. This is how Mullah Fazlullah was
elected leader of the TTP.”
“What can you expect from a leader who was nominated
through a lucky draw? And what can you expect from
Fazlullah, who married his mentor’s daughter by force and
took her away. People like him are not fit to serve Islam,” he
says.
“After the operation in North Waziristan, we fled to
Afghanistan,” Ehsan continues.
“Over there, we established and developed contacts with
India and RAW,” Ehsan claims.

Pakistan’s Domestic Affairs
“They [the TTP leadership] got their [Indian] support,
their funding and took money for every activity they did.
They pushed the TTP soldiers to the frontlines to fight
against the Pakistan Army and went into hiding
themselves,” he adds.
“When they started taking help from India and RAW, I
told Khorasani that we’re supporting the kuffar [non-
believers] and helping them kill our own people in our own
country.”
“He [Khorasani] said: ‘Even if Israel wants to fund me to
destabilise Pakistan, I will not hesitate in taking their
help’.”
“At that point, I had figured out that the TTP was
functioning according to some sort of agenda that served
the self-interest of its leaders.”
“These [terrorist] organizations have established
committees in Afghanistan through which they
communicate and coordinate with RAW. The Indians had
given them special documents to help them move around
Afghanistan with ease. In Afghanistan, these documents
function like Pakistani ID cards.”
“Without these documents, it is very difficult for terrorists
to move around Afghanistan considering the security
situation in that country,” Ehsan claims.
“These [terrorists] used to keep in contact with Afghan
and Indian security forces before they moved anywhere in
Transcript of RAW Agent
Kulbhushan’s Confessional
Statement
The Inter Services Public Relations (ISPR) released on
Tuesday a confessional video statement of Indian spy agent
Kulbhushan Yadav admitting to foment terrorism in
Balochistan and Karachi.
He was arrested red-handed by law-enforcement agencies in
the first week of the current month while infiltrating into
Pakistan from the Saravan border area of Balochistan with
Iran.
Following is the full text of his voluntarily confession shown
at a press conference jointly addressed by Minister for
Information, Broadcasting and National Heritage Senator
Pervaiz Rashid and ISPR Director General Lieutenant General
Asim Saleem Bajwa at the Press Information Department.
“My name is Commander Kulbhushan Yadav and I am the
serving officer of Indian Navy. I am from the cadre of
engineering department of Indian Navy and my cover name
was Hussein Mubarik Patel, which I had taken for doing some
intelligence gathering for Indian agencies.
“I joined the National Defence Academy in 1987 and
subsequently joined Indian Navy in Jan 1991 and subsequently
served for the Indian Navy till around December 2001 when
the Parliament attack occurred and that is when I started
contributing my services towards gathering of information
and intelligence within India.
16
Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
the country. They used to grant them passage and guide
their infiltration attempts into Pakistan.”
“Since Pakistan Army destroyed several Jamaat-ul-Ahrar
camps in Parcha and Lalpura and killed many of their
commandos in its ongoing operation, they’ve had to flee the
area and abandon their stronghold. Due to this, the morale
of their commanders and their senior leadership has been
shaken.”
“There are people in those camps who have had enough —
who want to quit. I want to send out a message to them.”
“Stop what you are doing and adopt the path of peace,
and come back to a life of tranquillity.”
“When these people stopped getting airtime and coverage
in media to the ongoing operations, they turned to social
media to rope in young people who do not know better,” he
continues.
“They started misleading them and provoking them using
wrong interpretations of Islam. They spread propaganda
and statements that could turn young people onto their
side.”
“I have a message for young people too: these people are
fighting only for their selfish designs and are being used by
external forces.”
“The reasons I have discussed here turned me away from
these organisations and motivated me to turn myself over
voluntarily to Pakistan Army,” concludes his statement.
“I live in the city of Mumbai in India. I am still the serving
officer in the Indian Navy and will be due for retirement by
2022 as a commissioned officer in Indian Navy after having
completed 14 years of service by 2002.
“I commenced intelligence operation in 2003 and established
a small business in Chabahar in Iran as I was able to achieve
undetected existence and visits to Karachi in 2003 and 2004
and having done some basic assignments within India for
RAW.
“I was picked up by RAW in 2013 end. Ever since I have been
directing various activities in Balochistan and Karachi at the
behest of RAW and deteriorating law and order situation in
Karachi, I was basically the man for Mr Ani Kumar Gupta who
is the joint secretary of RAW and his contacts in Pakistan
especially in Balochistan Student Organisation.
“My purpose was to hold meetings with Baloch insurgents
and carry out activities with their collaboration.
“These activities have been of criminal nature, leading to
killing of or maiming of Pakistani citizens.
“I realise during this process that RAW is involved in some
activities related to the Baloch liberation movement within
Pakistan and the region around it.
“There are finances which are fed into the Baloch movement
through various contacts or various ways and means into the

Weekly Current Affairs MCQs
Baloch liberation (movement) and various activities of the
Baloch liberation and RAW handlers go towards activities
which are criminal, which are anti-national, which can lead to
maiming or killing of people within Pakistan and mostly these
activities were centred around of what I have knowledge is of
ports of Gwadar, Pasni Jewani and various other installations,
which are around the coast damaging various other
installations, which are in Balochistan.
“So the activity seems to be revolving and trying to create a
criminal sort of mindset within the Baloch liberation which
leads to instability within Pakistan. In my pursuit towards
achieving the set targets by my handlers in RAW, I was trying
to cross over into Pakistan from the Saravan border in Iran on
March 3, 2016, and was apprehended by Pakistani authorities
while on the Pakistani side and the main aim of this crossing
over into Pakistan was to hold (a) meeting with Baloch
separatists in Balochistan for carrying out various activities,
which they were supposed to undertake and carrying
backwards the messages which had to deliver to Indian
agencies.
“The main issues regarding this were that they were
planning to conduct some operations within the next
Weekly Current Affairs MCQs
(May 12 – May 17)
1. When did Karachi Violence or Black Saturday riots
(series of bloody clashes among rival political
activists occurred? 12 May 2007 (10 years ago)
2. Which country has recently set the Guinness World
Record for the largest water screen projection: Dubai
Indian Deputy High Commissioner to Pakistan is:
J.P Singh
3. Foreign Office Spokesman of Pakistan is: Nafees
Zakaria
4. Pakistan’s newly appointed High Commissioner to
India is: Sohail Mehmood
5. Secret lines of communication between two
opponents through informal intermediary or 3rd
party is called: Backdoor diplomacy
6. Recently Pakistan has signed MoU of warship and
defence cooperation with: Turkey
7. Current Deputry chairman of Senate has been
injured in an attack blast by ISIS (Daesh) in
Mastung,. His name is? Abdul Ghafoor Haideri
8. China’s current ambassador to Pakistan is: Sun
Weidong
9. How many people have been invited to One Bet One
Road Forum by China? 29
10. Which militant organization is accused of recent
cross-border attacks on Iran’s border squad and
killed 10? Jaish-e-Adl
11. A British junior doctor of Pakistani origin won the
UK's Master Chef 2017: Saliha Mahmood Ahmad
12. Bank of China (BoC) is going to open its first branch
in Pakistan. Who is current chairman of BoC? Tian
Guo Li
17
Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
immediate (near) future so that was to be discussed mainly and
that was the main aim of trying to coming into Pakistan.
“So that moment I realised that my intelligence operations
have been compromised on my being detained in Pakistan, I
revealed that I am an Indian naval officer, and it is on
mentioning that I am Indian naval officer, the total perception
of the establishment of the Pakistani side changed and they
treated me very honourably and they did utmost respect and
due regards and have handled me subsequently on a more
professional and proper courteous way and they have handled
me in a way that befits that of an officer and once I realised
that I have been compromised in my process of intelligence
operations, I decided to just end the mess I have landed myself
in and just wanted to subsequently move on and cooperate
with the authorities in removing complications which I have
landed myself and my family members into, and whatever I
am stating just now, it is the truth and it is not under any
duress or pressure. I am doing it totally out of my own desire
to mention and come clean out of this entire process which I
have gone through last 14 years.”
Published in Dawn, March 30th, 2016
13. France’s first lady (wife of Macron) is: Brigitte (64
years)
14. Which power plant has recently started generating
electricity? Sahiwal Coal Power Plant
15. Current CIA head is: Mike Pompeo
16. When has mother day been celebrated? 14th May
(Second Sunday of May)
17. Pakistan and China has recently signed 6 agreement
worth? $ 500 million
18. For a New Silk Road project china has pledged to spend:
$124 billions
19. U.S has imposed sanctions on Pakistan-based
organizations: Lashkar-e-Taiba & Jamat-ud-Dawa
al-Quran
20. When is ‘Urs’ of Sehwan Sharif going to be started? 15th
May
21. Which software has recently been used in cyber attacks
to lock computers of different institutions of 99 countries
and cyber attackers are demanding ransom to unlock
those computers? Ransomware “WannaCry”
22. Capital of Thai Land is: Bangkok
23. Current chairman of ASEAN (Association of South East
Asian Nations) is: Rodrigo Duterte
24. Which two parties are main rivals in upcoming German
Elections (24 september): CDU (Christian Democratic
Union—party of Angela Merkel) SPD (Social
Democratic Party—of Martin Schulz
25. Current president of European Parliament is: Antonio
Tajani

Transcripts of CNN Talk Shows
26. What is line-length of Orange Line Train (Lahore
Metro)? 26.23 km (with 26 stations)
27. What is line length of Lahore Metro-bus? 27 km
(with 27 stations)
28. Total Investment under CPEC has been reached to? $
62 billion
29. Interior minister of India is? Rajnath Singh
30. Recently, Pakistan cricket team has defeated West
Indies at the Windsor Park in Dominica (West
Indies) from: 65 years. (For the first time in history
of Pakistan)
31. Current Chief Justice of Lahore High Court is: Syed
Mansoor Ali Shah
32. Recently, Korea launched its longest range ballistic
missile, named as? Hwasong 12
33. Largest standing armies of the world, in descending
order, are: (1) China (2) US (3) India (4) North Korea
(5) Russia (6) Pakistan
34. At which airport, heroin has recently been found on
Islamabad-London PIA flight (PK-785): Heathrow
Airport (UK)
35. Current speaker of Sindh Assembly is: Siraj Khan
Durrani (& Deputy Speaker is Shehla Raza)
36. Pakistan’s PM and Ali Baba group signed a MoU
(memorandum of understanding). Ali Baba group
belongs to? China (Chinese E-commerce Company)
37. JIT (Joint Investigation Team) has decided to seek
Sharif family’s record from: 1985 to 2016
38. Government has approved Ramzan Relief Package
of: Rs. 1.6 billion
39. Current Minister for States and Frontier Regions is:
Abdul Qadir Baloch
40. Current President of World Bank is: Jim Yong Kim
41. China’s current Foreign Ministry Spokesperson
is: Hua Chunying
42. FIS (Federal Intelligence Service) or BND
(Bundesnachrichtendienst) is intelligence agency of:
Germany
43. The most populous state that is not a member of
the United Nations is? Taiwan (China occupied
Taiwan’s UNO seat in 1971)
44. Official name of Taiwan is? Republic of China
(Taipei is its capital)
Transcripts of Talk Shows
Connect the World (CNN HOST: BECKY ANDERSON)
This transcript of CNN program cover highly
important issues of the previous week such as: Life in
Mosul After ISIS; Interview with Ky-Mani Marley;
Emmanuel Macron Makes First Speech as President;
Survey of Arab Men Looks into Gender Beliefs;
Ransomeware Virus Briefly Halted by Cyber
Security Researcher.
18
Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
45. Official name of China is? People’s Republic of China
46. Current Chairman of Council of Islamic Ideology is:
Muhammad Khan Sherani
47. World Telecommunication and Information Technology
day is celebrated on: 17 May (from 1965)
48. For the first time in history, China has successfully
extracted natural gas hydrates from: South China Sea
49. What are gas hydrates? Ice-like burnable
compounds which contains huge amount of
methane
50. World Pressure Day 2017 has been celebrated on: 18th
May
51. When is world Museum Day celebrated? 18th May
(started from 1978)
52. NDS (National Directorate of Security) is intelligence
agency of: Afghanistan
53. Vienna convention (1961) on diplomatic relations
belongs to: frame work of diplomatic relations
among independents states (Recently, Afghanistan
violated Vienna convention by detaining and torturing
two Pakistani diplomats)
54. Kalbushan Yadev’s lawyer to ICJ is: Haresh Salve
(According to Indian Foreign Minister Sushma Swaraj,
Haresh charged only 1 rupee fee to represent India in
Kalbushan’s case).
55. Pakistan’s lawyer to ICJ in Kalbushan’s case is:
Khawar Qureshi
56. Pakistan’s Director General South Asia at ICJ is: M.
Faisal
57. What is Pakistan’s counter point in ICJ for Kalbushan’s
execution? Vienna Convention does not apply to
spies
58. ICC Anti-Corruption Unit Chief arrived to meet spot-
fixing tribunal in Lahore. His name is? Ronnie Flanagan
59. Current Chairman of NATO military Committee is: Petr
Pavel (Czechoslovakia)
60. The Joint Task Force established by the international
(US-led) coalition against the Islamic State of Iraq and
the Levant (ISIL) is? Combined Joint Task Force –
Operation Inherent Resolve (CJTF–OIR) formed in
October 2014
61. UN Secretary General is Antonio Guterres (Portugal’s
former PM). But who is Deputy Secretary-General? Ms.
Amina J. Mohammed (Nigeria)
It asks for financial guarantees “to provide credit
enhancement support for the financing of major infrastructure
projects, enhance the financing capacity, and protect the
interests of creditors.” Relying on the assessments of the IMF,
World Bank and the ADB, it notes that Pakistan’s economy
cannot absorb FDI much above $2 billion per year without
giving rise to stresses in its economy. “It is recommended that

Transcripts of CNN Talk Shows
China’s maximum annual direct investment in Pakistan
should be around US$1 billion.” Likewise, it concludes that
Pakistan’s ceiling for preferential loans should be $1 billion,
and for non preferential loans no more than $1.5 billion per
year.
It advises its own enterprises to take precautions to protect
their own investments. “International business cooperation
with Pakistan should be conducted mainly with the
government as a support, the banks as intermediary agents
and enterprises as the mainstay.” Nor is the growing
engagement some sort of brotherly involvement. “The
cooperation with Pakistan in the monetary and financial
areas aims to serve China’s diplomatic strategy.”
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
BEN WEDEMAN, CNN INTERNATIONAL
CORRRESPONDENT: We said we can't because of the
shelling. Then we put our faith in god and we left.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
BECKY ANDERSON, HOST: That's all many in Mosul have
left: faith. With their homes, friends, family and lives all
stripped away. In a moment, I'm going to get you to the front
lines in Iraq's second largest city.Then, it's his first day on the
job as France now officially has its youngest leader since
Napoleon. We're live in Paris for you.And...
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: I think my father's music is a
music that speaks to the heart, the mind, the body, and the
soul.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
ANDERSON: From singing in the shower to making his
father proud, Bob Marley's son tells me about his own career
and reflects on his dad's legacy.
Hello and welcome. It's Connect the World for you. I'm
Becky Anderson in Abu Dhabi where it is just past 7:00 in the
evening.Now, we could be seeing the final stages in the battle
to push ISIS out of Mosul. Iraqi forces say the terror group
now holds just 10 percent of the city. But reclaiming it will not
be easy. Every percent cost lives. And ISIS is desperate to
hang on.
They're holed up in a part of Mosul full of civilians. CNN's
Ben Wedeman with more on the battle there. And we do need
to warn you the images in Ben's report may be disturbing to
some viewers. We do, though, feel it is important to show you
the realities on the ground.
(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)
BEN WEDEMAN, CNN INTERNATIONAL
CORRESPONDENT: From a rooftop, a soldier fires toward
ISIS positions. The struggle to liberate the city from ISIS is
now well into its seventh grueling month of street by street,
house by house fighting.
The end is near, but not near enough. Iraqi soldiers drape
two dead ISIS fighters over the hood of their Humvies like
hunting trophies, taking selfies to mark the occasion. This is
what has become of their so-called caliphate, the one they
swore was here to stay and destined to expand.
Locally made bazookas litter the streets. ISIS ran dozens o
workshop in residential areas to manufacture these and other
weapons.
It's a complete factory making anti-tanks and anti-
personal rockets, this officer tells me.
19
Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
Only 10 percent of Mosul remains under ISIS control, but
taking the last 10 percent won't be easy.
Where that black smoke is rising is the Sebatag Demuz (ph),
17th of July neighborhood. It's that neighborhood that ISIS
entered first in June 2014.
They renamed the neighborhood Fatah (ph) to commemorate
the early conquest of the Islamic empire. Commanders here say
the battle for Sebatag Demuz (ph) is going to be the hardest one.
Lieutenance Colonel Abu Fatima (ph) has been speaking by
phone with residents inside the neighborhood. Tragic is how he
describes their plight. They have no food, no water, no medical
care. They're just waiting for our force to free them.
Some could wait no longer, risking death to escape.
"We left early this morning after taking cover for days in the
bathroom," says Sina (ph). "Our men folk told us go, go. We said
we can't because of the shelling. But then we put our faith in god
and left."
Abu Said never fled the adjacent district in Musherfa (ph),
hiding with his family under a stairwell, waiting for Iraqi forces
to move in. Now he's leading them from one abandoned ISIS
house to another.
"I gathered information for the past three years," he says. "I
watched them. I wrote down their names. I kept an eye on what
they were doing, and now I'm sharing everything with the
officers."
Senior commanders inspecting weapons seized from ISIS are
confident victory will be achieved before the end of May.
"God willing," says the Iraqi Chief of Staff Rufman al-Rani
(ph), "we will triumph before Ramadan and declare the
liberation of Mosul and its people from the filthy scum of ISIS."
Those filthy scum, as he calls them, haven't given up, however,
as this incoming sniper round inches from camera shows.
(END VIDEOTAPE)
[11:05:30] ANDERSON: Well, Ben, safely out of Mosul back in
Irbil in Northern Iraq for you.Ben, what will victory against ISIS
in Mosul look like?
WEDEMAN: Well, you just have to get a look at Mosul itself,
particularly the western side where the destruction is something
that I haven't seen in many years. Entire neighborhoods have
been flattened as a result of the bombardment and the fighting.
And still hundreds of thousands of people are still in refugee
camps outside the city because that city, is a, not safe. And most
of it is still largely uninhabitable.
So even though they may be able to declare victory at the end
of May, when will people be able to move back to homes if they
have homes at all is very difficult to say. And of course keep also
in mind, Becky, that there are still two pockets of iraq still
controlled by ISIS - Hawija (ph), which is south of Kirkuk in the
center of the country, and Tel Afar, which is halfway between
Mosul and the Syrian border.
So, once Iraqi forces are finished with Mosul, there's not going
to be much rest for them they have to go after those two
remaining pockets.
So, it may be the end of the battle in Mosul, but the struggle for
this country, unfortunately, is going to continue.ANDERSON:
These are remarkable images in what is remarkable reporting
for you, Ben.At what cost that victory in Mosul if and when it is
complete?

Transcripts of CNN Talk Shows
WEDEMAN: Well, I think there's no question that it's going
to be complete soon enough, but the cost of reconstruction of
this country, and it's not just mosul. Don't forget that, for
instance, Ramadi, I think 80 percent of the structures in that
city were either damaged or destroyed. There are other cities,
Beiji, which was severely damaged in the fighting. Fallujah,
Tikrit. So in terms of reconstruction, we are talking about
billions and billions of dollars.
And then of course there's the human cost. Tens of
thousands of people have been killed in this conflict. Tens of
thousands of children have not had any education. In fact, I
was speaking to two young boys who were coming out of that
Tomuz (ph) neighborhood just the other day, and one of them
was 15 years old. He said he hadn't been to school in three
years. He didn't know how to read or write. So you have an
entire generation that has missed out on education, missed
out on anything like a normal life. So the task ahead will,
indeed, be expensive and difficult, Becky.
ANDERSON: Ben Wedeman is in Irbil in Iraq for you today
at eight minutes past 6:00 there. It's 8 minutes past 7:00 in
Abu Dhabi. Ben, thank you for that.France, of course, has its
own war against ISIS both at home and elsewehre and we
turn to that country now as its new leader tells the world he's
seeing the, quote, dawn of an extraordinary rebirth for the
nation.
Emmanuel Macron addressed France for the first time
today as president one week after his resurrounding defeat of
far right candidate Marine Le Pen. His inaugural speech laid
out a vibrant vision for France. He's pledging to heal
divisions, restore French values and kick start the economy.
Well, CNN's Paris correspondent Melissa Bell joining me
now with more. How does he figure he's going to come good
on those pledges, Melissa?
MELISSA BELL, CNN INTERNATIONAL
CORRESPONDENT: Well, that's the big question. Until we
find out who his prime minister is going to be, who his other
ministers are going to be and he's to announce all 15 of them
since the first cabinet meeting will be on Wednesday. He
really has his work cut out, Becky. And it'll be really
interesting to see how he juggles the disappointed
mainstream right, the disappointed Socialist Party, of which
he was once a member himself, how he fulfills that pledge of
political renewal by bringing people who have never been in
politics before, all of that in the next few days. And then of
course the obstacle, the challenge of the parliamentary
elections behind that in which he's going to have to get some
MPs. For the time being, he has not a single one to his name.
And he hopes to get a parliamentary majority within a
month. That is the size of the challenge ahead of him.
Today, though, was all about the pomp and circumstance
that always marks these occasions. This is the transfer of a lot
of power from one man to the other. It is always closely
watched. It is always closely orchestrated. But today, with all
of this trust that's been placed in the hands of this political
novice, perhaps an even greater sense of a momentous
occasion. This is what Emmanuel Macron had to say in his
first speech as president.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
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Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
[11:10:29] EMMANUEL MACRON, FRENCH PRESIDENT
(through translator): The world and Europe needs France more
than ever. They need a strong France,
sure of its destiny, a Franch which holds high the voice of
Freedom and solidarity. They need a France which knows how to
invent its future.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
BELL: This is not said Emmanuel Macron simply about giving
France confidence in itself once again after decades of political
and economic stagnation, Becky, Emmanuel Macron believes
that his victory can serve as a sort of beacon. He talked about the
fact that geography had shrunk, that time had accelrated. And
that faced with that confusion and those changes people had
tended to turn to populism. He, he hopes, can provide another
vision of what the world can be, Becky.
ANDERSON: Melissa is in Paris for you on the story. Thank
you.
Let's get you up to speed on some of the other stories that are
on our radar right now. And grandparents in Venezuela faced
off with police during an anti-government protest on Friday.
Thousands of the country's elderly took to the streets of Caracas,
some throwing rocks at police and got pepper sprayed in return.
Venezuelans have been protestingfor weeks amid an economic
crisis.
Well, the next head of the FBI could be one of these eight
people. They were interviewed on Sunday and more interviews
are expected in the coming hours. The search, of course, is on
after James Comey was abruptly fired by the U.S. President
Donald Trump last week.
And Pope Francis is set to meet with Mr. Trump next weekend
despite their different views onissues like immigration, the
pontiff says he is hoping they'll find common ground.
Have a listen.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
POPE FRANCIS (through translator): What can the world
expect? Peace. Whatever their topic or whoever it is in front of
me, whoever that person may be, its peace. I never make a
judgment about a person without listening to them. I don't think
I should do that. During our talks things will come out. I will say
what I think, and he will say what he thinks. But I have never,
never wanted to judge a person before hearing what they have to
say.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
ANDERSON: Well, we turn now from talk of peace to ominous
signs of aggression. North Korea has launched what appears to
be at least a new type of ballistic missile. Now, Japan estimates it
flew as high as 2,000 kilometers, that is more than five times
farther from Earth than the orbit of the International Space
Station. It gives you a sense of just the scale there.
The missile shot east of some 700 kilometers before falling into
the sea. That's closer to Russia than any other recent tests. And it
just may be far enough to pose a threat to the U.S. territory of
Guam.
But it also sends a message to South Korea and the counry's
new president there.
Well, let's get you on the ground in Seoul, then, and that, of
course, is just 200 kilometers from Pyongyang. CNN's Alexandra
Field there for you there right now - Alex.
ALEXANDRA FIELD, CNN CORRESPONDENT: Well, Becky,
look, officials are still trying to determine exactly what kind of

Transcripts of CNN Talk Shows
missile it was that was launched. U.S. officials don't believe
that it was intercontinel ballistic missile. They say it isn't
consistent with that. But, the fact is you point out that it
appears to have reached a higher altitude than other recent
missiles that have recently been launched and the fact that it
did land, in fact, closer to Russia than Japan does seem to
indicate, at least to Japanese officials that this may have been
a new type of missile.
Beyond the interest, of course, in ascertaing what exactly
the capability of North Korea is with the launch of this
missile, the other significant part here is certainly the timing
of this latest launch.
Look, this is at least the 10th ballistic missile that North
Korea has launched since the start of the year, since the start
of President Doanld Trump's administration, but it also
comes just a few days into President Moon Jae-in's
administration. He was elected just this week by the South
Koreans. He was a Democratic Party candidate, and he had
been advocating for a policy of greater engagement with
North Korea.
And of course, Becky, that would mark a shift in what has
been the position of South Korea to the north for a last 10
years under conservative party presidents who have taken a
harder line toward North Korea.
So, you've got this test that comes in the first week of the
presidency. President Moon jae-in was quick to convene a
meeting of the National
Security Council. That's routine in these kind of cases. He
also went ahead and condemned the launch, also routine in
these cases.
But he did say that the possibilities of talks with North
Korea remains there if North Korea changes its attitude. That
is somewhat similar to what we heard just a day ago, a top
North Korean diplomat had held the door open for the
possiblity of talks if conditions were right and Becky, as you
know, we've been closely following all the words from
Washington. And in recent weeks you have heard a top
administration officials there saying there could be the
possibility of talks with North Korea down the road that is, of
course, if North Korea met certain benchmarks on the path
toward de-nuclearization.
These kinds of provocations from Pyongyang, of courses,
do not bode well for any of that, Becky.
ANDERSON: As we consider this, this talk of an outreach,
of a diplomatic outreach, as it were, with North Korea both
from south and, of course, as you rightly point out. What do
you understand to be meant by that? What sort of
negotiation, what sort of offer might South Korea make?
FIELD: Yeah, that's an interesting question, Becky. Because
a lot of people have said, look, if you can get everyone to the
table, what would be different? These talks have broken down
before without any progress, without achieving any
denuclearization or any agreement from North Korea to stop
their weapons program.
And in fact we know that Kim Jung-un has been very clear
in the fact that he wants to hold onto his weapons and had he
has, in fact, accelerated both the speed with which he has
been testing these ballistic missiles and it seems the
dedication to their nuclear program has also accelerated.
21
Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
So there has been seemingly no willingness from Kim Jong-un
or the regime in North Korea to make any of the concessions,
which people like the U.S. and South Korea say we'd be
necessary in order to achive talks, yet China continues to say
that that is the only path forward in terms of bringing peace and
stability to the peninsula. That's basically the statement that they
put out today in the wake of the latest ballistic missile launch,
again calling for cooler heads to prevail.
And, Becky, don't forget this launch also comes at frankly an
embarassing time for China. This is the day on which Chinese
Presidnet Xi Jinping has convened in international trade and
infrastructure summit. There is a North Korean dleegations that
was present in Beijing for this, but Russian Presidnet Vladimir
Putin was also in Beijing at this time.
Of course, Washington has been leaning on China to try and
reign North Korea in using the leverage it has from its economic
relationship. So this is certainly a difficult time between both
Pyongyang and Beijing, but again that statement from Beijing
reiterating the position they've taken in the past, which is that
path forward is talks and that everyone needs to act in a
responsible and restrained way during this time of heightened
tension, Becky.
ANDERSON: Alex Field reporting for you out of Seoul. Thank
you, Alex.
You're watching Connect the World broadcasting live from
Abu Dhabi.
Still to come the latest on the ransom-ware cyber attack. And
how a 22- year-old researcher managed to stop it, temporarily
at least.
ANDERSON: Well, the largest cyber attack the world has ever
seen was stopped for less than this: just $11. Now let me break
down what we do know, more than 200,000 computers in
almost every country on Earth were infected by a virus on
Friday. Now, this virus locked down your computer until you
paid a fee toget it freed back up again. But the attack was
stopped at least for now by an unnamed researcher in Britain.
Well, CNN's Phil Black has the details on how that person did it
from London for you
(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)
PHIL BLACK, CNN INTERNATIONAL CORREPSONDENT:
Becky, as the head of the EU's law enforcement agency has
scaled up the estimated number of people affected by this
massivemalwear attack, 200,000 people, around 150 countries.
He's also talked about the concern that those numbers could get
even higher come Monday morning when people return to work,
turn on their computers, and a whole new wave of people
discover that their computers have, in fact, been infected.
It gives a sense of the scale of this attack and also a sense of
how bad things could have been if not for an accidental hero, the
22-year-old online security researcher who inadvertently
shutdown the malware attack.
This is someone who we don't know the gender of, male or
female, goes by the name online of Malware Tech and who was
researching the malware as the attack was unfolding.
This person discovered that the malware was frequently trying
to contact an unusual internet address, one that wasn't
registered. So, this person registered that address and in doing
so inadvertantly triggered some sort of kill switch, which shut
down the attack entirely.

Transcripts of CNN Talk Shows
Malware Tech, this online security researcher, admits that
he or she didn't know that would be the affect at the time.
Now, here in the UK Britain's hospitals are beginning to
return to normal, because the national health service was a
signficiant victim of the Malware attack, some 20 percent of
hospitals and health facilities suffered some degree of
inconvenience. We're now told that most of those facilities are
returning to normal operations.
But it is likely over the coming days and weeks that patients
will still continue to be inconvenienced, because
appointments, surgeries, other procedures that had to be
canceled and postponed will have to be rescheduled, and
because of the nature of hospital waiting lists, many of those
people have already been waiting. There could be further
bump on affects, too, for other patients as well - Becky.
(END VIDEOTAPE)
ANDERSON: Phil Black reporting from London for you.
Well, although, things, as Phil said, are getting back to
normal after the Malware attack, it is too early to sound the
all clear. The Europol executive director Rob Wainwright
now joining us from London. And what is Europol's counsel,
sir, to companies and employees as they get set to return to
work on Monday in order to prevent the impact be any
bigger than it is already?
ROB WAINWRIGHT, EUROPOL: Well, we've got to make
sure, of course, the companies, first of all, are taking the
dimensions of this cyber threat very seriously, that means if
they don't have up-to-date systems, if they're not operating
those, if they haven't patched some on the problems that are
now being widely advertised they better do that I think before
their people turn back up to work monday morning,
otherwise this problem is going to get a whole lot worse.
ANDERSON: What's the intel on why some countries seem
to have been affected more than others?
WAINWRIGHT: I don't think - none of this seems to be
targeted, so an indiscreminate attack, preying on the fact that
in some countries, in some sectors, some people have pretty
poor hygiene skills to be honest, you know, because if they
had up-to-date systems or patch systems, they wouldn't have
been affected.
So, insofar as there are some countries affected by more
says something about the level of cyber awareness and just
what the investment program might be in certain sectors,
which is better, say, in the banking industry than perhaps in
the health sector.
ANDERSON: Sir, what is your advice specifically to
companies and employees at this point?
WAINWRIGHT: Well, first of all, at Europol we're running
around 200 global operations a year. And so we're well
aware of the rising threat of ransom-
wares, perhaps become the number one cyer threat around
the world right now.
But we've never seen anything on this scale. And our
concern is the way in which this particular - for the first time
we've seen something that combines the ransomware with a
worm functionality, so the infection of one computer triggers
rather remotely the infection of an entire network. So, this is I
think is a very strong wake up call as if they didn't need it
already that cyber security has to be a top level executive
22
Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
priority. They have to put in place the right strategy and to make
sure they follow some of the basics, at least, are done, not least
over this wekeend so they can propare for what's going to
happen early next week.
ANDERSON: Let me be very blunt about this. How bad can
things be on Monday?
WAINWRIGHT: Well, that rather depends. I'm hoping, of
course, that a majority of the companies who are running out to
date unpatched systems - you I read in the newspapers here their
information securitiy department should be doing their work
right now to fix that, so hopefully most of the problem will have
been mitigated.
But you know we had a temporary slowing down of the
infection rate over Friday and Saturday because of the work of
this cyber security researcher. The cyber criminals have already
responded to that and issued a variant of the threat that gets
beyond that. So the numbers are rising again.
We will get to the point where we've identified this. And we're
working our global law enforcement partners we will - and our
private security partners. We will get a decryption tool
eventually. But for the moment, it's still a live threat and we're
still in disaster recovery mode.
ANDERSON: Very briefly, do you know if these hackers have
the ability to view or collect any of the data that they are holding
ransom?
WAINWRIGHT: Well, at Europol we are collecting some data
relating to the particular form of malware that is being spread
here. And we are, of course, analyzing that at our headquarters
and with our international partners. And for moment, that's not
good enough for us to identify who the - of those who are
responsible for this, but I think we're well on the way to doing
that.
ANDERSON: With that, sir, we'll leave it there. We thank you.
Well, in tonight's Parting Shots for you. To be rembered as a
legend is something few people will accomplish in their lifetime,
but to ensure that legacy by the age of just 36, takes a very
remarkable person indeed. But reggae icon Bob Marley did just
that.
Well, this past week marks 36 years since Marley died. And
while his music means so much to many around the world, for
his son Ky-Mani Marley , it has an extra special significance. He
told me just what it means to be a Marley.
(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)
ANDERSON: Welcome to the UAE, Ky-Mani Marley. First time
in? KY-MANI MARLEY, SINGER: First time.
ANDERSON: What do you think it was or is about your dad
and his music which is so everlasting?
MARLEY: The music is coming from a very real place. Reggae
music is a music that comes out of the the ghettos, the inner city,
where that's all you had. And, you know, my father's music is a
music that speak to the heart, the mind, the body and the soul.
ANDERSON: You were together with some of your brothers
back in Jamaica before you came out here. I mean, you are,
what, one of 10 from seven different moms. How do you all get
on?
MARLEY: You know I think for us it was always important
that we stayed a tight-knit family because we know that what
will make dad proud. And everyone wants to make dad proud.
So, it's important that, you know, we stay together and carry on
the legacy as a unit.

Transcripts of CNN Talk Shows
ANDERSON: Tell me about the music that some of our
viewers might not know from you.
MARLEY: It's kind of very urban, has a mix of reggae with
a little dance, a touch of hip hop. So, you know, they'll be able
to hear some of that flavor.
ANDERSON: When did you first decide music was going to
play a significant part in your professional life?
MARLEY: You know, I think singing for me was just like
everyone else, it was in the shower and in the shower only.
And in (inaudible) singing and a guy by the name of Carl
Peterson walked in who is a producer from my father's era.
And he said to me you have a good tone. He didn't say you
know how to sing. He had you have to a good tone. Maybe
you should come by the studio some time and see what we
scan make of it. And I think even at that time it didn't really
dawn on me that music would be what would be the rest of
my life.
ANDERSON: So to a certain extent, there's a kind of
expectations there. You can't ever totally walk away from
being a Marley, right?
MARLEY: No, can't walk away from that. It's also
important to stay true to the legacy while staying true to
myself. My father is my father. I am Ky-Mani. This is what I
have for you. You either love it, or you hate it.
ANDERSON: Tell me about Dear Dad, then. This was the
first song that you wrote and it was about your dad.
MARLEY: When I realized how much the song touched
people and inspired people it gave me that extra drive and
that motivation to want to keep going and find that the way
for me to release the things that was on my mind and on my
heart was through music.
Fareed Zakaria GPS
(CNN HOST: FAREED ZAKARIA)
This talk show deals with: The Russia investigation and the
Comey firing; Kushner's sister sells US citizenship; Is
Venezuela on the brink of collapse?; Discussion with Bruce
Feiler
FAREED ZAKARIA, CNN HOST, FAREED ZAKARIA GPS:
This is GPS, the GLOBAL PUBLIC SQUARE. Welcome to all of
you in the United States and around the world. I am Fareed
Zakaria coming to you live from New York.
We'll begin today's show with the extraordinary events in
Washington this week. The director of the FBI, the man in
charge of getting to the bottom of Russian collusion in the
American election fired. Is this a new Watergate?
We'll bring you the latest news and the best analysis on this
unraveling tale.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
DONALD J. TRUMP, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES:
He was not doing a good job.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
But first, here's my take. As regular viewers know, I have
tried to evaluate Donald Trump's presidency fairly. I praised
him when he has appointed competent people to high office,
and he has, and expressed support for his policies when they
seem serious and sensible, even though this has drawn
criticism from some quarters.
But there has always been another aspect of this presidency,
lurking beneath the surface, sometimes erupting into full view
as it did this week.
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Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
ANDERSON: You were 5 when your father passed away.
MARLEY: I was 5 years old when my father passed away.
ANDERSON: What do you rember about him?
MARLEY: Oh, wow, I have one memory of my father, and he
had just got back from Miami and came home with a slingshot.
You know, me and my brother Steven went out into the bushes
and said we were going to shoot birds, somehow on the way the
slingshot got lost. My brother turned to me and said daddy's
going to beat you because you lost the slingshot. But as far as I
remember I didn't even get a chance to play with the slingshot.
And, you know, I remember just walking up to the house
where he was, was a little wooden house on the side of a hill, and
he was standing in the doorway. And I rember walking up to
him and saying, daddy, me lose the slingshot. And he looked at
me and laughed, and I turned and walked away.
And that's the only memory I have of my father.
(END VIDEOTAPE)
ANDERSON: Every little thing really will be all right.
If you surf on over to find Connect the World on Facebook, that
is Facebook.com/CNNConnect. Nothing up there is going to pot
though, it's all good. So check it out.
That was Connect the World from the team here working with
me in Abu Dhabi and those working with us around the world, it
is a very good evening. CNN continues after this short break
from us. Thank you for watching.
(By Editorial Team, Weekly Analysis)
Donald Trump, in much of his rhetoric and many of his actions,
poses a danger to American democracy. What makes the
American system of government distinctive is not how
democratic it is, but rather the opposite.
American democracy has a series of checks intended to prevent
the accumulation and abuse of power by any one person or
group. But there is one gaping hole in this system, the president.
During his famous interviews with David Frost in 1977, Richard
Nixon made a statement regarding Watergate that has been
mockingly quoted ever since.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
RICHARD NIXON, FORMER PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED
STATES: When the president does it, that means that it is not
illegal.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
ZAKARIA: In fact, Nixon was a smart lawyer and a close student
of the American Constitution. He was basically right. The
president, in effect, sits above the law. The Justice Department,
after all, works for him.
And as Trump told "The New York Times" regarding separating
himself from his business empire, the law is totally on my side,
meaning the president can't have a conflict of interest. Most
lawyers say Trump is right. The rules don't really apply to the
president.
There is just one real check on the present, impeachment. And it
is political, not legal. Since Trump's own party controls both
chambers of Congress, there has been little resistance to him
there.

Transcripts of CNN Talk Shows
So far, it appears that the Republican Party is losing any
resemblance to a traditional Western political party, instead
simply turning into something more commonly found in the
developing world, a platform to support the ego appetites and
interests of one man and his family.
There are other less potent checks on the power of the
president. Some are structural, others simply a matter of
morality or precedent. Trump has sought to destroy almost
every one of these, both before the election and now in the
White House.
This week, he summarily dismissed FBI Director James
Comey reportedly over his investigation of Russian collusion
in the American election. If true, the firing would be a
shattering blow.
The non-partisan agencies of the executive branch are jewels
of the modern American system. They were not always
impartial and they are certainly not perfect, but in recent
decades they have acquired a well-deserved reputation.
When I traveled from Eastern Europe to China to Latin
America, democratic reformers tell me that they look to these
agencies as models when trying to strengthen the rule of law
in their own countries.
There are only two forces left that can place some constraints
on Donald Trump - the courts and the media. And he has
relentlessly attacked both. Every time a court has ruled
against one of his executive orders, the president has
ridiculed the decision or demean the judges involved. That
leaves the media. Trump has gone at them, at us, like no
president before - smearing news organizations, attacking
individual journalists, and threatening to strip legal
protections guaranteed to a free press.
We will survive, but we must recognize the stakes. The media
must cover the administration's policies fairly, but it also
must never let the public forget that many of the attitudes and
actions of this president are gross violations of the customs
and practices of the modern American system, that they are
aberrations and they cannot become the new norms.
That way, after Trump, the country will not start the next
presidency with tattered standards and sunken expectations.
Our task is quite simply to keep alive the spirit of American
democracy.
Let's get right to it with today's terrific panel. Joining us from
D.C. are Michael Hayden, who was the director of both the
NSA and the CIA. He is now a principal at The Chertoff
Group.
James Woolsey, who is also a past director of the CIA, he had
been an advisor to the Trump campaign and the transition
team, but he quit before the inauguration.
Here with me in New York, Cristina Rodriguez is a professor
at Yale Law School and specializes in constitutional law.
And Timothy Naftali is a CNN presidential historian. He is a
past director of the Richard Nixon Library.
Mike Hayden, let me start with you. You said, on seeing the
events of this week, that it reminded you of Nicaragua or it
made you think that America was turning into Nicaragua.
What did you mean?
MICHAEL HAYDEN, FORMER CIA DIRECTOR: By that,
Fareed, I meant that the president was going beyond those
normal restraints that you referred to. He was within his
technical legal authority to fire Jim Comey, but the
motivation was questionable.
I don't mean that the motivation was in question. We know
why he did it. It was the Russian investigation, but that
motivation is very questionable. And then, he did it in the
most thuggish manner. He used the power of his office to
publicly humiliate Jim Comey, a public servant. I think a lot
of people in the American government, Fareed, senior
leadership in what I call the permanent government is going
to school on that sequence of events.
24
Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
ZAKARIA: Mike, let me ask you about that because you were the
head of two agencies that have often been non-partisan,
particularly the NSA, and you were not yourself a political
appointee to that. And so, in many ways, you are like Jim
Comey. You are one of these guys who came up through the
career bureaucracy. What I was even more troubled by was the
way Trump seems to have
invited Comey to dinner and essentially had a conversation, in
which he was looking for a pledge of personal loyalty in return
for some kind of quid pro quo, looking for assurances that he
was personally not being investigated.
Did that strike you as very unusual?
HAYDEN: It's incredibly unusual, Fareed. First of all, it
transgresses those political protocols that you referred to in your
opening. But, frankly, it's not good for the president.
The head of FBI, the head of CIA, they're in those jobs not to be
loyal to the president, but to serve him, to tell him the truth. And
when the president requires this loyalty oath, it makes it harder
for them to go into the Oval and tell him what - we in the
intelligence community refer to as - the unpleasant fact.
Now, look, it's always hard to go in there and tell a president
something that cuts across his narrative, his politics or his
policy. It's always a bit of a heavy lift. But President Trump,
because of the events of this past week, has made that incredibly
more difficult.
It's not that Mike Pompeo or Dan Coats won't have courage and
go in there and tell them the truth. They will. But, Fareed, even in
normal circumstances, the body of evidence that you would
require to go in there to tell the president something incredibly
unpleasant was always pretty high. The stack needed to be like
this.
Now, I'm afraid we've made the requirement for that stack to be
like that. And the bottom line for that is the president isn't going
to get the kind of warning that he needs to be successful and to
develop wise policy.
This has incredible costs in many dimensions.
ZAKARIA: Jim Woolsey, do you think this is as consequential as
Michael Hayden is describing it?
JAMES WOOLSEY, FORMER CIA DIRECTOR: Well, it's a very
important series of events. I do think that the FBI had gotten off
into giving press conferences with some frequency, in that he
headed not the federal bureau of public information, but the
Federal Bureau of Investigation. And I'm not used to seeing -
either in my CIA job or otherwise, seeing FBI directors giving
lots of press conference.
So, this is strange situation and he felt it was necessary for him
to do that, given the circumstances he was in each time, but it I
think was a slippery slope.
As far as loyalty is concerned, as senior government officials, our
loyalty ought to be to the constitution and we're not in medieval
England. People aren't trying to stage coups and so forth or
Nicaragua.
So, I think a perfectly appropriate answer to the question, are
you loyal to me is certainly as long as you are within the
operating room that you are given by the constitution, Mr.
President.
But I find this whole thing, this whole week to be really troubling
for sort of inchoate ways and inchoate reasons. I think it's going
to be very hard to find a good FBI director, who is willing to
operate under the circumstances that we've seen this week.
ZAKARIA: Cristina, we know that what the president did was
illegal. What I'm wondering is, is what Jeff Sessions did legal?
Sessions explicitly, essentially as a condition of accepting the
Attorney General slot, told Congress that he would recuse
himself from anything related to Russia.
Clearly, the Jim Comey firing by the president's own telling was
related to Russia. Can he be in some way - is he in violation of
the law.

Transcripts of CNN Talk Shows
CRISTINA RODRIGUEZ, PROFESSOR, YALE LAW SCHOOL:
So, I think if he were to have made his judgment about
recommending the hiring of Comey, motivated by wanting to
obstruct the Russia investigation, in clear violation of his
recusal, that would be an ethics violation and potentially a
violation of Department of Justice rules.
And the remedy for that would be removal from office. That,
of course, would require a Congress willing to impeach him
or a president willing to fire him. Neither of those things
seems to be the case.
But the question is what exactly did Jeff Sessions know about
the rationale for firing Jim Comey? And so, it's imperative
that we understand the scope of those conversations to know
whether he behaved ethically or not.
ZAKARIA: Tim Naftali, what does this tell us about the way
this president operates? Because one of the things I'm struck
by is there's a kind of impulsiveness and rage and it does
remind one of Nixon on the tapes.
TIMOTHY NAFTALI, PRESIDENTIAL HISTORIAN: Well,
we'll find out what actions the president has actually engaged
in. But what's clear from social media, in a way that would
not of been possible in 1973, is that Trump has a Nixonian
temperament. He rages. He feels that he's the victim. He has a
sense of enemies about him.
And Richard Nixon staff recognized that in him. It's very
interesting when you look at the Haldeman Diaries because,
at one point, early on in the administration, President Nixon
wanted to wiretap every subcabinet official linked to the
National Security Council. Every single one. Haldeman didn't
do it.
In fact, in the diary that night, he wrote, there are times when
I am just going to have to protect the president from himself.
I'm just not going to do what he says.
And when you look at the pattern of Nixon's rhetoric on the
tapes and his actions, you see that his staff perhaps only
implemented a quarter of the very terrible things he ordered.
That's because he had a strong staff. Now, a quarter was too
much. Ultimately, the whole thing ends badly.
But what's clear is that Bob Haldeman - H.R. Bob Haldeman,
his chief of staff, was very strong. You look at the Trump
administration and you ask yourself, are any internal checks
and balances there? Is Reince Priebus strong enough to say to
Mr. Trump - President Trump, 'no, sir, that would be terrible.'
Last week, one got the sense that there aren't any checks
because a Bob Haldeman would've told Donald Trump, 'sir,
do not fire Comey this way.
ZAKARIA: Fascinating. When we come back, we will dig into
the heart of all of this, which is the investigation into Russia's
interference in the 2016 elections. What do we now know?
And we're back with Michael Hayden, James Woolsey,
Cristina Rodriguez and Tim Naftali. Michael Hayden, looking
at the way in which this Russia investigation is unfolding, the
president has now fired, it seems about this issue, Sally Yates,
he has now five James Comey, there was the attempt to get
Devin Nunes to essentially tilt the investigation in its
direction. What do you think of all that? Is that just smoke or
do you think there's fire?
HAYDEN: Fareed, I actually put myself in the position of a
foreign intelligence chief when thinking about that recently.
And my answer would be along the lines you just suggested.
Mr. Prime Minister, in response to your question, it appears
as if the administration is doing everything it can to either
slow or discredit the various investigations with regard to
Russian interference in the American presidential election.
So, I think that's a fair assessment as to what's going on here.
Fareed, I really dislike special structures, special prosecutors,
independent efforts and so on. They go too long, too deep, too
broad. They cost too much. You lose control. They lose
purpose.
25
Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
[10:20:09] But I have to tell you, after the events of the past
week, I really have an open mind now as to whether or not we
need some sort of extraordinary structure, not just so we can get
to the criminal resolution, was there or was there not a crime,
but so that the American people fully understand the totality of
what happened here.
ZAKARIA: Jim Woolsey, what do you think? When you were at
the CIA, you were watching the Russians. You think there's
something here.
WOOLSEY: I think there is a lot here. The Russians are never not
interfering with other countries' political parties and elections.
They've interfered a lot with the Social Democrats in Germany,
for example.
They call it framing, the same kind of connotation that it has in
American English. And they do their very best to undermine
groups and individuals that they think are a threat to them or
doing things that they don't want to see done and they do
everything they can to build up the reputations and history and
past of individuals that they want to support.
Ion Mihai Pacepa was the head of Romanian intelligence. He
defected in 1979. He is the most senior defector we've got from
the Eastern Bloc in the Cold War. Pacepa says that there are
more people involved in this kind of activity, framing,
disinformation and so forth in the Russian government than are
involved in the Armed Forces.
They are never not doing what they're being charged with.
ZAKARIA: Tim Naftali, does it seem to you that, on the other
side, that the Trump campaign officials might've been involved?
NAFTALI: Well, I'll put it to you this way. Russians always seek
access to newly elected presidents. Bobby Kennedy was visited
by a double-headed Russian. We know he's from KGB because I
saw the KGB record. Bobby Kennedy handled this man very well.
The Russians wanted a summit with the newly elected John F.
Kennedy. He put them to one side, said please wait for the
inauguration. We'll talk about that later.
I don't think the people around Trump had that sophistication. I
think the Russians put pressure on them. I think the Russians
took advantage of them. We saw how the Russians played us for
fools by tweeting those pictures of the meeting with President
Trump.
My issue is, I don't know whether the Trump inner circle were
dunces or devils, whether they understood they were colluding or
whether they were so excited that a foreign, important power
that the president or president to be liked that they just dealt
with the Russians.
So, what I'm waiting to see is the extent to which the Trump
campaign understood that the Russians were wanting to play
them.
ZAKARIA: And, of course, there is the original puzzle in all of
this, which was why did Donald Trump fall in love with the
Russians.
Cristina, the legal issue. Can we appoint - can Congress appoint
a special prosecutor, an independent counsel of the kind that
Michael Hayden was talking about?
RODRIGUEZ: So, Congress can't appoint a special prosecutor. It
would have to come from the attorney general or, in this case,
the deputy attorney general because Jeff Sessions has recused or
some other official in the Department of Justice because the
power to prosecute is an executive power, and so it has to be
supervised by the executive branch.
Congress, of course, can conduct its own investigations. In many
ways, it would be further reaching than the investigation of a
special counsel with a particular remit. In addition to that,
Congress could do something like revive the
independent counsel statute that lapsed in 1999, which created
the kind of structures that ensured independence in appointing
an independent counsel, which also included the authority of
Congress to request a special counsel.

Transcripts of CNN Talk Shows
That statute is highly controversial and it lapsed for a reason,
some of the reasons that Michael gave in his commentary,
and so that that's going to transpire. But it's important to
understand that we can have investigations on two tracks
here.
If there's a Department of Justice investigation through an
independent special counsel appointed by the deputy attorney
general and congressional investigations.
ZAKARIA: We come back to the problem, right, which is that
either Trump is effectively investigating himself through the
Justice Department or you're reliant on Congress, which is
currently controlled in both the House and the Senate by the
Republican Party to investigate.
RODRIGUEZ: That is the problem. And that's why it's
imperative for Democrats to continue to press the issue and
for the media to continue to press the issue because it is
possible that public pressure could result in the appointment
of some kind of investigative authority that would hamstring
the president or tie the president's hands.
But it's going to require a great deal of pressure because the
normal institutions are in the hands of the president's party.
ZAKARIA: Jim, 20 seconds, do you think that the public
pressure had something to do with the way the Watergate
hearings went, though, of course, that was a Democratic
House and Senate?
WOOLSEY: I think it was the fact that Alexander Butterfield
announced to the world that there was a taping system
because, before that, it was just John Dean's word against
Richard Nixon's word. Once you had tapes, you could
actually find out the truth.So, perhaps, we should hope that
Trump has tapes.
ZAKARIA: And, in fact, before Butterfield, Trump had enough
votes to survive impeachment even in a Democratic-
controlled Senate.
WOOLSEY: There's no question that without those tapes -
without those tapes, Nixon, I think, would have finished the
second term.
Next on GPS. In the midst of chaos and rioting, a moment of
magic. What is going on in Venezuela and why? We'll explain
when we come back.
ZAKARIA: A lone violinist stands amidst Molotov cocktails
and tear gas canisters this week in Caracas, Venezuela.
Violent unrest has rocked this country for weeks as protestors
call for the release of political prisoners and a solution to a
massive food and medical shortage.
Today, more than a quarter of Venezuela's people are out of
work, more than 80 percent now live in poverty. All this in a
country with some of the largest oil reserves in the world.
How did this happen? We have without Shannon O'Neil, a
senior fellow for Latin American studies at the Council on
Foreign Relations. And Moises Naim was Venezuela's trade
minister. He is now a distinguished fellow at the Carnegie
Endowment and is the author of The End of Power. Welcome
both.
Shannon, how did we get to this point? Why does it seem like
the country is really on the verge of some kind of collapse?
SHANNON O'NEIL, SENIOR FELLOW FOR LATIN
AMERICAN STUDIES, COUNCIL ON FOREIGN
RELATIONS: Well, we've seen over the last 18, almost 20
years the Chavista's and the Chavis come from Hugo Chavez.
He was president for many years. And then, when he passed
away, Maduro stepped in.
And Chavez really left Maduro four legacies. He left a legacy
of incredible corruption. So, there are estimates of $60 billion
being stolen from government coffers and taken abroad or
elsewhere.
He left very insecurity, so rising homicide rates, thefts,
burglaries, all of that happening, and so a very dangerous
place.
26
Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
He left very weak institutions and even a parallel state. So, you
have pots of money that are outside of control of the legislature,
other parts of the government, and you even have militias that
are controlled by the president, loyal to the Chavista party.
And then finally, he left a legacy of a very changed economy and
one very dependent on oil. Almost nothing else is made there.
And also incredibly indebted. So, when oil prices were sky-high,
he not only spent all that money, but he also racked up incredible
debts around the world.And that's what Maduro is trying to deal
with.
ZAKARIA: And, Moises, the other peculiar thing here is the
influence that Cuba has had on Venezuela. Explain that. Here,
you have one of the - the last place Cuba seems to have influenced
in the world is in Venezuela.
[10:40:01] MOISES NAIM, SENIOR FELLOW, CARNEGIE
ENDOWMENT FOR INTERNATIONAL PEACE: Well, it all
started with a very strong human relationship between Hugo
Chavez and Fidel Castro. They became very close.
Fidel Castro persuaded Chavez that he needed his support, his
advice, especially in terms of his own personal security, in
ensuring how to manage the military and ensuring how to use
selective repression to stop the opposition - contain the
opposition from becoming too strong.
And also policies. He recommended policies that Chavez
wholeheartedly adopted and that is - the result is now here.
So, Fidel Castro not only crippled the Cuban economy, but he
also managed to cripple the Venezuelan economy through its
influence through Chavez first and now through Maduro.
ZAKARIA: And, Moises, why did these policies - why are these
policies being - why were they still popular? These are policies
pretty discredited in the rest of Latin America, which has
rejected this kind of statist populism.
NAIM: Yes. Ideological necrophilia, Fareed. Necrophilia is
passionate love for cadavers that some human beings have. It's a
perversion. But it happens in politics, in which politicians around
the world, we have seem them embrace with passionate laws
ideas that have been tried and tested elsewhere before or even
tested in their own countries and they always end in tears.
But they have this appeal because they offer shortcuts, they offer
the promise, a lot of very, very good things that people believe
them and they end up in very bad shape as a nation. And that is
exactly what happened in Venezuela.
Chavez embraced all kinds of very bad ideas that the country
had tried before and the result has always been the same -
poverty, inequality, corruption.
ZAKARIA: Shannon, what is the prognosis going forward? Can
there be a dialogue between the opposition and the government
that solves this or is Venezuela really becoming the kind of next
Zimbabwe? O'NEIL: That is the real question. There is a dialogue
- they was a triad of dialogue, which actually Pope Francis was
pushing that failed last - over the holidays and in December.
There's a push again to begin the dialogue.
But it's very hard to imagine how this works because there are
members of the Maduro government, who not only have put in
policies, as Moises says, that are causing inequality and poverty,
but many of them are involved in intense corruption. There is
evidence, from the Department of Justice in the United States,
also involved in narco- trafficking and other types of activities.
So, this is a zero-sum game for these people. If there's a change of
government, a transition, they'll end up if not in a Venezuelan
jail, perhaps a US jail. So, I think there's a real challenge there to
come up with some sort of dialogue.
The other option is - one is a Zimbabwe where there's a regime
years from now still there. The other is a collapse. That could
come because of an economic default. That could become because
of chaos in the streets. That could come if the military is called
out to repress these protests and it decides not to do so.
But all of that is very opaque whether any of that occurs.

Transcripts of CNN Talk Shows
ZAKARIA: Moises, final thought, what is your prognosis?
What happens?
NAIM: Before it gets better, it's going to get much worse and
it's a very sad situation that shouldn't have been this way, but
sadly that's what we have now.
News Stream (CNN HOST: Krsitie Lu Stout)
Transcripts of this CNN Program explains that North
Korea Tests Ballistic Missile; Security Experts
Scamble to Stop Spread of Ransomeware; China
Pushes One Belt, One Road Initiative.
] KRISTIE LU STOUT, HOST: I'm Krsitie Lu Stout in
Hong Kong. And welcome to News Stream.
Now businesses and governments brace for more fallout
from the world's biggest cyber attack. Look how wannacry was
able to spread so quickly.
North Korea insists it will carry out missile tests whenever it
wants as it risks a rupture with ally China over the timing of its
latest missile test.
And that test comes just as Beijing hosts a major summit on a
new trade initiative, a giant global infrastructure project with
China at the center.
Now, cyber security experts and governments around the
world are scrambling to stop the world's largest cyber attack.
Now meanwhile, poll says the effort to contain the wannacry
ransomware seems to be working. Now, at least 150 countries
were hit. This is what your screen looks like when your
computer is infected.
Now, wannacry managed to shut down several networks in
government organizations and private companies, even in
hospitals.
Let's show you how ransomware like wannacry works. Now,
when ransomware infects your computer, it locks up your files
by encrypting them. So, it basically holds them ransom by
refusing tounlock them unless you pay a fine. Now,
ransomware has been around a long time, but wannacry is
different.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
ROB WAINWRIGHT, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, EUROPOL:
We're aware the rising threat for ransomware, perhaps
become the number one cyber threat around the world right
now, but we've never seen anything on this scale. And our
concern is the way in which this - for the first time we've seen
something that combines the ransomware with a worm
functionality. So the infection of one computer triggers rather
remotely an infection of entire networks. So, this is I think a
very strong wake-up call.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
LU STOUT: It's what you heard just then. Wannacry's ability
to spread itself is why it is so problematic. Unlike most
malware, it doesn't need you to click on an infected email, it
spreads using vulnerability in outdated versions of Windows.
Microsoft fixed it with
updates, but millions of people still use the older versions or
haven't updated their systems, leaving them open to attack.
And that helped wannacry spread quickly.
Now, the Russian cyber firm Kaspersky says 74 counries
were hit on the very first day.
But some experts warn that hackers are already releasing
new versions of wannacry.
Our business and technology correspondent Samuel Burke is
following all of this. He joins us now live. And Samuel, we
know that this morning on Monday more people fired up their
computers, has more damage been done?
27
Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
Thanks to all of you for being part of my program this week. I
will see you next week.
SAMUEL BURKE, CNN MONEY: More damage has been
done, but we're actually seeing the most amount of damage or
9new damage coming from your part of the world, coming
from Asia.
Remember this hit Friday night when you guys in Asia were
already asleep starting to enjoy your weekend. People returned
to work this morning in China, and according to Avast, that
cyber security company has seen a big uptick in China, though
here in Europe we're seeing it starting to see it slow down.
But there are still emergency meetings being held here in the
UK because hospitals have been infected. There are still seven
hospitals that aren't fully functional as a result of this virus.
And ist's incredible to think, Kristie - youu and I have been
covering technology so long, but rarely do you see when
technology is actually affecting human lives. That's what
makes this one different. This virus literally caused outpatient
appointments to be canceled so people not able to see the
doctor, not able to do -- get their appointments because of
something that's happened in the cyber world now happening
in the real world.
LU STOUT: Yeah, when hospitals are affected, human lives
are potentially at stake here.
And just back up here a bit, Samuel, how was this
vulnerability discovered and what is Microsoft saying about it?
computer skills, or do you not necessarily need high-level
cyber skills to carry out an attack like this.
HYPPONEN: They need enough skills to understand how to
encrypt your files with strong enough encryption that you can't
decrypt them by yourself and they have to understand crypto
currencies, because the real mega-trend which made all of this
possible is the fact that now for the first time the criminals can
collect the money without getting caught. We can't easily follow
the money as it's moved from real world currencies into
BitCoin.LU STOUT: That's right, and very significant point
that you added there. They are asking for BitCoin, because it's
very hard to track down.
A final question for you, you know, it's been a while, Mikko,
since we talked about a major sweeping global PC virus scare,
because you know hat these days the dominant computing
platform is mobile. So are our smart phones next? Are
smartphones also vulnerable to ransomware attacks as well?
HYPPONEN: You're absolutely right, Kristie. I believe the
last time we spoke about an outbreak of this scale was during
(inaudible) in 2008, so almost a decade ago. And these old
school massive outbreaks have really gone away. One of the
reasons why we don't see them anymore is that when they tried
to make money with malware attacks, which is what most the
attacks today are, it's not good for your business if you become
front page news. And I believe with wannacry, the original
owners didn't think it would spread this far. It probably
became too good, or too good spreading vector even for
themselves because now the owners of wannacry are the
targets of a global manhunt.
LU STOUT: All right, Mikko Hypponen, thank you so much
for lending your insight once again to us right here on News
Stream. Take care.
By Editorial Team: Weekly Analysis

Research Articles for CSS Essay Topics
END
Research Articles for CSS Essay Topics
 I. Social Media: An Introduction
1 Introduction
Just as the Internet has changed the way Canadians buy music,
organize vacations, and research school projects, it has also
affected how they interact socially. Through the use of social
media, people can exchange photos and videos, share news
stories, post their thoughts on blogs, and participate in online
discussions. Social media also allow individuals, companies,
organizations, governments, and parliamentarians to interact
with large numbers of people. In conjunction with the increase
in online activity, there are concerns about the ways in which
the personal information that is shared by social media users
may be collected and analyzed. This paper gives a brief
overview of the evolution and development of social media,
looks at how their attributes affect the way people interact
online, and considers their potential social and economic
impact.
2 What are Social Media?
The term “social media” refers to the wide range of Internet-
based and mobile services that allow users to participate in
online exchanges, contribute user-created content, or join
online communities. The kinds of Internet services commonly
associated with social media (sometimes referred to as “Web
2.0”) include the following.
Blogs. Short for “web log,” a blog is an online journal in
which pages are usually displayed in reverse chronological
order.Blogs can be hosted for free on websites such as
WordPress, Tumblr and Blogger.
Wikis. A wiki is “a collective website where any participant
is allowed to modify any page or create a new page using her
Web browser.” One well-known example is Wikipedia,a free
online encyclopedia that makes use of wiki technology.
Social bookmarking. Social bookmarking sites allow
users to organize and share links to websites. Examples include
reddit, StumbleUpon and Digg.
Social network sites. These have been defined as “web-
based services that allow individuals to (1) construct a
public or semi-public profile within a bounded system, (2)
articulate a list of other users with whom they share a
connection, and (3) view and traverse their list of connections
and those made by others within the system.”Among the most
popular in Canada are Facebook and LinkedIn.
Status-update services. Also known as microblogging
services, status-update services such as Twitter allow people to
share short updates about people or events and to see updates
created by others.
Virtual world content. These sites offer game-like
virtual environments in which users interact. One example is
the imaginary world constructed in Second Life, in which users
create avatars (a virtual representation of the user) that
interact with others.
Media-sharing sites. These sites allow users to post
videos or photographs. Popular examples include YouTube,
Pinterest and Instagram. These categories overlap to some
degree. Twitter, for example, is a social network site as well as
a status-update service. Likewise, users of the social network
site Facebook can share photographs, and users of the media-
sharing site Pinterest can follow other people.
3 The Evolution Of Social Media
In the late 1990s, as broadband Internet became more popular,
websites that allowed users to create and upload content began
28
Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
to appear. The first social network site (SixDegrees.com)
appeared in 1997. From 2002 onward, a large number of social
network sites were launched. Some – such as Friendster –
enjoyed a surge of popularity, only to fade. Others developed
niche communities: MySpace, for example, appealed to
teenaged music aficionados. By the late 2000s, social media
had gained widespread acceptance and some services gained
huge numbers of users. For example, in November 2012,
Facebook announced it had 1 billion users worldwide. Twitter
had an estimated 517 million users. A number of factors have
contributed to this rapid growth in social media participation.
These include technological factors such as increased
broadband availability, the improvement of software tools,
and the development of more powerful computers and mobile
devices; social factors such as the rapid uptake of social media
by younger age groups; and economic factors such as the
increasing affordability of computers and software, and
growing commercial interest in social media sites.
4 Attributes Of Social Media
With attributes that can affect the way people interact online,
social media open up new ways for collaboration and
discussion. One of these is persistence, meaning that a great
deal of content posted on social media sites may remain there
permanently by default. Other characteristics are replicability
(content can be copied and shared) and searchability (content
can be found easily using online search tools). The
characteristic of accessibility is also important: social media
can be used anywhere, at any time, where an Internet
connection is available.
These attributes shape the dynamics of social interaction
online. For example, the “invisibility” of the reader raises
questions about the context, appropriateness and even
comprehensibility of a communication.Moreover, just as it is
difficult to know who might be reading content posted on a
social media site, the identity and motives of those who post
content are not always clear. For example, there have been
instances of companies using social media to market products
through fake blogs or sponsored postings on social media sites.
5 The Impact Of Social Media
How is Canadian society affected by social media? Because the
widespread adoption of these modes of communication began
only in the early 2000s, their social and economic implications
are not yet fully understood. Some believe the Internet is
making people more isolated, while others hope it will increase
democratic participation. Research by Statistics Canada
suggests “that we should expect neither a dysfunctional society
of loners nor a blissful society of happy networkers. Rather, we
are facing a society that is differently cohesive from the one we
have known.”
There do not appear to be any significant differences in the
number of social ties or in the amount of social interaction
between Internet users and non-users. Instead, the Internet is
providing ways of fostering participation with community
members and enhancing relationships, including through
social media. Social media have also had an economic impact
with respect to the ways in which content is created and
consumed, and hence on the information and communications
technologies sector.Indeed, in Canada, annual growth in this
sector averaged 3.8% from 2002 to 2011, double the rate of
growth in the overall economy (1.9%).

Research Articles for CSS Essay Topics
In addition, many businesses are incorporating social media
into their marketing strategies. For governments and
parliamentarians, social media offer new ways to engage with
citizens. To give an example, the Public Health Agency of
Canada uses a variety of social media tools to share
information about public health issues. As well, an increasing
number of parliamentarians are using social media sites.
6 Conclusion
For a growing number of Canadians, social media provide a
way of keeping in touch with friends, relatives and
What are essential characteristics of social media?
Social media is best understood as a group of new kinds of
online media, which share most or all of the following
characteristics:
Participation social media encourages contributions and
feedback from everyone who is interested. It blurs the line
between media and audience.
Openness most social media services are open to feedback
and participation. They encourage voting, comments and the
sharing of information. There are rarely any barriers to
accessing and making use of content – password-protected
content is frowned on.
Conversation whereas traditional media is about
“broadcast” (content transmitted or distributed to an
audience) social media is better seen as a two-way
conversation.
Community social media allows communities to form
quickly and communicate effectively. Communities share
common interests, such as a love of photography, a political
issue or a favourite TV show.
Connectedness Most kinds of social media thrive on their
connectedness, making use of links to other sites, resources
and people.
Basic forms of social media
At this time, there are basically six kinds of social media.
Note, though, that innovation and change are rife.
Social Networks
Book: How World Changed the Social
Media
(Chapter wise Summary of the Whole Book)
Chapter 1 What is social media?
Social media should not be seen primarily as the platforms
upon which people post, but rather as the contents that are
posted on these platforms. These contents vary considerably
from region to region, which is why a comparative study is
necessary. The way in which we describe social media in one
place should not be understood as a general description of
social media: it is rather a regional case. Social media is
today a place within which we socialise, not just a means of
communication. Prior to social media there were mainly
either private conversational media or public
broadcasting media. We propose a theory of scalable sociality
to show how social media has colonised the space of group
sociality between the private and the public. In so doing it has
created scales, including the size of the group and the degree
of privacy. We employ a theory of polymedia that recognises
our inability to understand any one platform or media in
isolation. They must be seen as relative to each other, since
today people use the range of available possibilities to select
specific platforms or media for particular genres of
29
Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
communities. Social media also allow companies,
organizations, governments and parliamentarians to reach
large numbers of people. At the same time, social media are
changing the ways in which people interact with others,
although the full impact of these changes is not yet clear. The
implications of sharing personal information are also not fully
understood.
(Source: Library of Paliament, Publication no. 2010-
03-e)
These sites allow people to build personal web pages and then
connect with friends to share content and communication. The
biggest social networks are MySpace, Facebook and Bebo.
Blogs
Perhaps the best known form of social media, blogs are online
journals, with entries appearing with the most recent first.
Wikis
These websites allow people to add content to or edit the
information on them, acting as a communal document or
database. The best-known wiki is
Wikipedia
The online encyclopaedia which has over 2 million English
language articles.
Podcasts
Audio and video files that are available by subscription, through
services like Apple iTunes. Forums
Areas for online discussion, often around specific topics and
interests. Forums came about before the term “social media” and
are a powerful and popular element of online communities.
Content communities
Communities which organise and share particular kinds of
content. The most popular content communities tend to form
around photos (Flickr), bookmarked links (del.icio.us) and videos
(YouTube). Microblogging social networking combined with
bite-sized blogging, where small amounts of content (‘updates’)
are distributed online and through the mobile phone network.
Twitter is the clear leader in this field.(Source: Antony Mayfield
from icrossing
interaction. We reject a notion of the virtual that separates
online spaces as a different world. We view social media as
integral to everyday life in the same way that we now
understand the place of the telephone conversation as part of
offline life and not as a separate sphere. We propose a theory of
attainment to oppose the idea that with new digital technologies
we have either lost some essential element of being human or
become post-human. We have simply attained a new set of
capacities that, like the skills involved in driving a car, are
quickly accepted as ordinarily human.
Chapter 2 Academic studies of social media
We accept that our definition and approach is merely one of
many, and that every discipline contributes its own perspective
on the nature of social media. Social media platforms such as
Orkut and MySpace are frequently being replaced, while others,
for instance Facebook, are constantly changing. As a result our
definitions and approaches also need to be dynamic. Platforms
and their properties are less important as the cause of their
contents (i.e. the reason why people post particular kinds of
content on that platform) than we assume. Genres of content,

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such as schoolchildren’s banter, happily migrate to entirely
different platforms with quite different properties. We reject
the idea that the development of the internet represents a
single trajectory. Some of the most important features of
social media seem to be the exact opposite of prior uses of the
internet. For example, the internet’s problem of anonymity
has become for social media a problem of the loss of privacy.
Chapter 3 Our method and approach
Our anthropological scholarship is established by our
commitment of 15 months of ethnographic research in each of
our nine communities, and by our willingness to give up
initial interests and instead focus on what we discovered to be
most important to each of these communities. We required
15 months in order to engage with the full variety of people
present in each site – older and younger, less or better
educated, different economic levels, etc. – and to gain the
level of trust required to participate in more private domains
such as WhatsApp. Ethnography reflects the reality that no
one lives in just one context. Everything we do and encounter
is related as part of our lives, so our approach to people’s
experience needs to be holistic. The primary method of
anthropology is empathy: the attempt to understand social
media from the perspective of its users. Unlike much
traditional anthropology this project was always
collaborative and comparative, from conception to execution
to dissemination.
Chapter 4 Our survey results
We present the results of a questionnaire administered to
1199 informants across our nine sites. It explored 26 topics,
ranging from whether – and with whom – they share
passwords and the different categories of followers to
whether users respond to advertising or whether social media
increases their political activity. In general we show that
results need to be treated with considerable caution, since
often the most plausible explanation for the survey responses
is that people interpreted the questions in different and
culturally specific ways. The results of such comparative
quantitative surveys can thus be properly interpreted only
with the additional background knowledge of qualitative
ethnographic work.
Chapter 5 Education and young people
There is considerable public anxiety that social media
distracts from education and reduces the social skills of
young people – despite an exemplary body of prior research
that rejects any such simple conclusions. In several of our
field sites we show that low-income families often see social
media activity as a useful skill, enhancing literacy and
providing a route to alternative, informal channels of
education. By contrast higher-income families see it more as
a threat to formal education. However, we have also
researched in field sites where the opposite would be true. The
topic illustrates the dangers of generalising about China,
given that the two Chinese sites discussed in this chapter
demonstrate both the highest and the lowest levels of devotion
to formal education. The best way to appreciate the impact of
social media is to focus on specific sets of relationships: those
between schoolchildren, between teachers and schoolchildren
and between both of these groups and parents. We examine
each in turn.
Chapter 6 Work and commerce
In this case the primary anxieties focused upon in popular
journalism include surveillance by companies, new forms of
commodification and social media as a distraction
Although social media platforms are themselves owned by
private companies, social media does not necessarily favour
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Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
the interests of commerce. For example, following precedents
such as email, they are powerful tools by which the public has
radically repudiated attempts by commerce to separate the
world of work from that of the family. In the case of south India,
social media helps to keep jobs within the family. In most of our
field sites people were far more concerned about surveillance by
other people they knew than by companies. However, in our
southeast Turkish site there is concern over surveillance by the
state, while in our English site the rise of targeted advertising
reveals a level of company knowledge that rebounds in negative
attitudes to social media companies. Social media in most of our
sites was more important in fostering small-scale enterprises
that leverage people’s personal connections (such as local bars in
Trinidad or sales of second-hand clothing in Chile), rather than
in representing large-scale commerce. This topic exposes clear
differences in the way different societies see money as integral
to, or opposed to, personal relations. This is reflected in the
contrast between a site such as Amazon, which tends to be
impersonal, and the Chinese equivalent Taobao, which fosters
personal communication within commerce.
Chapter 7 Online and offline relationships
In this case the primary anxiety is whether shallow, inauthentic
online relationships are displacing deeper offline relationships.
In most cases our evidence is that online interactions are in fact
another aspect of the same offline relationships. Rather than
representing an increase in mediation, social media is helpful in
revealing the mediated nature of prior communication and
sociality, including face to face communication. In our industrial
China site we feel that the migration from offline to online may
have done more to bring people closer to the modern life to which
they aspire than the move from villages to the factory system. In
some societies, such as Trinidad, the enhanced visibility of people
through social media leads users to see this representation as
potentially more truthful than offline observations of those
around them. In some societies, such as in our Brazilian and
Trinidadian sites, social media fosters a tendency to befriend the
friends of one’s friends or relatives. In others, for instance our
rural Chinese site, social media fosters entirely new
relationships, including the befriending of strangers. The use of
social media may complement rather than reflect other forms of
socialisation. For example, in our south Italy site people felt they
already had sufficient social engagement, and therefore made
less use of social media.
Chapter 8 Gender
Our field site in southeast Turkey is one of several suggesting
that publicfacing social media, such as Facebook, may enhance
the appearance of conservatism or become an ultra-conservative
place. Changes in offline life are not represented on this public
space owing to the surveillance of relatives. Conservative
representations of gender are also fostered in south India, rural
China and our Chilean sites. At the same time private-facing
social media, such as WhatsApp, has had a liberalising effect on
the lives of young women in the same Muslim southeast Turkish
site; it has created unprecedented possibilities for cross-gender
contact and the fulfilment of romantic aspirations. In our south
Italian site women repudiate their pre-marital forms of posting
in order to appear as wives and mothers. In Trinidad, however,
women strive to show how they have retained their ability to
look sexy despite marriage and motherhood. Social media
enhances our ability to see how gender differences and
stereotypes are visualised and portrayed – often through
consistent associations such as beer (male) and wine (female) in
our English site or manual labour for men and care work for
women in our Chilean site. In our Brazilian site there is some
evidence for the enhancement of gender equality, and in several
sites there is increasing visibility of nonnormative sexuality
online.

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Chapter 9 Inequality
Our comparative evidence shows how important it may be to
recognise that while social media and smartphones can
create a greater degree of equality in capacity for
communication and socialising within highly unequal
societies, this may at the same time have no impact
whatsoever on offline inequality. The way in which people’s
aspirations are portrayed online is highly variable. Chinese
factory workers portray a fantasy of their future lives, but
evangelical Brazilians focus on the evidence for their
advances in respectability. People use social media equally to
disparage pretentious claims to wealth and education
through the use of humour and irony, but also to display such
claims to wealth and education. In our Chilean site social
media is used to suppress differences in income, alongside
other claims to distinct identity such as indigeneity and
ethnicity, in order to express communal solidarity in
opposition to the metropolitan regions that residents feel
exploit them economically and are superficial. In south India
we can see how social media has added a new dimension of
social difference – the relative cosmopolitanism revealed in
postings – to many traditional forms of inequality such as
caste and class.
Chapter 10 Politics
Most prior studies of social media exaggerate its impact upon
politics by focusing upon easily observable political usage,
such as debates or activism visible on Twitter. By contrast
our study simply observes the degree to which political
posting appears within the content of people’s everyday use of
social media. Our site in the Kurdish region of Turkey shows
why politics may appear less on social media in places where
this is dangerous and fraught. Most posting here, as in south
India, is cautious and conservative. A primary concern is
with the potential impact of their postings on their social
relationships. In many sites, for example those in England
and Trinidad, politics is mainly exploited by social media for
purposes of entertainment. While there is limited use of social
media to comment on local political issues, social media is
used to create local solidarity through negative posting on
national issues, such as corruption in Italy or China. In China
censorship rarely descends to these kinds of communities, and
it is the social media company that controls the dissemination
of news. In southeast Turkey, however, there is a personal
risk if people post anti-government sentiments.
Chapter 11 Visual images
A major effect of social media is that human communication
has become more visual at the expense of oral and
textual modes. Memes are particularly significant as a kind of
moral police of the internet. By using them people are able to
express their values and disparage those of others in less
direct and more acceptable ways than before. Generalisations
about new visual forms such as the selfie are often inaccurate.
There are many varieties of the selfie which are often used to
express group sentiment rather than individual narcissism.
The increase in visibility is often associated with increasing
social conformity, and in some cases such as southeast
Turkey safe topics such as food are preferred to photographs
of people that could give rise to gossip. By contrast enhanced
gossip and ‘stalking’ is regarded in Trinidad as a welcome
pleasure fostered by social media. The case of Trinidad alerts
us to cultural differences in the way in which people associate
visual materials with truth. The ability to communicate in
primarily visual forms is especially important for people who
struggle with literacy. Examples of the latter include older,
low-income Brazilians; the youngest users, who choose
platforms such as Instagram and Snapchat; and groups with
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Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
precarious social relations, for instance Chinese factory workers.
Chapter 12 Individualism
There is an anxiety that social media, along with almost every
other technological innovation, will foster individualism at the
expense of social life. Our evidence, however, is that while earlier
forms of the internet favoured ego-based networking, social
media represents a partial return to prior group socialisation,
such as the family, in many sites. This may include ‘Confucian’
traditions of family respect in rural China, but also encompasses
caste in India or the tribe for the Kurdish community in Turkey.
In more traditional contexts, however, there are also enhanced
opportunities for individualised networking – as is often the
case, our evidence shows that social media can enhance two
opposing trends simultaneously. Scalable sociality can foster
both traditional groups and, in the case of WhatsApp, small-
scale, often transient groups.
Social media is not simply a form of friending. As in our
‘Goldilocks Strategy’ found in England, it is often used to keep
other people at just the right distance. In other sites scalable
sociality is employed to differentiate platforms as more private
or more public sites for socialising. The public debate over
privacy and social media is revealed as quite parochial. While
seen as a new threat to privacy in many countries, in others,
such as south India and especially China, social media may
provide the first opportunity for some people to experience a
genuinely private space. Even where social media is used to
express individuality, the enhanced visibility tends to make this
increasingly conformist to accepted cultural styles of
individualism.
Chapter 13 Does social media make people happier?
The study of social media can help us to critique any simple or
overgeneralised concepts of what it means to be happy or to
claim to be happy. Even when taken in terms of local conceptions
of happiness, in most cases we see little evidence to support
journalistic contentions that social media has made people
generally less happy or content. Yet there are locally expressed
fears that, along with gaming, social media emphasises more
transient pleasures, or that, alongside choosing clothes, social
media creates additional stress over public appearance. Social
media has increased the pressure at least to appear happy
online. Yet it may also be the place where people can visually
articulate their aspirations for a happy life, as in the case of an
emergent class in our Brazilian site or a new domestic
respectability in Chile. By contrast in other sites social media
may express adherence to and contentment with traditional
values. These may include those of the family in rural China,
ideals of beauty in Italy, of community in Trinidad, of Islam in
southeast Turkey or of close kinship in south India.
Chapter 14 The future
This chapter starts with an acknowledgement of the
inseparability of social media from the new ubiquity of
smartphones as part of everyday life. This trend is likely to
continue, especially with respect to the lowest income
populations and to the older populations who were previously
less present on social media.
It is possible that, following the continual invention of new
platforms that take up niches between the private and the public,
we will come to accept media in general as constituting a scale of
sociality, without the need to designate a separated group of
platforms as ‘social media’. In any case these platforms may be
dissipated within a broader spectrum of phone apps. In general
our work has suggested that the more conservative the society,
the greater the impact of social media – even though the effect
may be to reinforce conformity and conservatism as well as to
create unprecedented opportunities for freedom. As with most

digital technologies, social media usually enhances opposite
trends simultaneously. Examples of this are an increase in
decommodification and commodification, political freedoms
and political oppression, localism and globalism. Again
alongside other digital technologies, social media can in itself
be used to represent the future, though this role will decline
Debate: Are Social Networking
Sites Good for Our Society?
Proponents
AJ Agrawal, CEO and Cofounder of Alumnify, an alumni
engagement organization, wrote in a Mar. 18, 2016 article
for Forbes titled "It's Not All Bad: The Social Good of Social
Media":
"Social media is not always an online distraction or
procrastination platform. While some may be addicted to
their social media networks, it is one of the best ways to stay
informed. Major news outlets, corporations and persons of
interest use social media to deliver messages to the masses.
With items posting immediately, the public stays informed.
Some issues cause controversy, but social media does more
good than harm in retrospect...
Although some parents see social media as detrimental to
their children, it actually does them some good to have social
media accounts. Teens want to be aware and informed just as
much as adults. Using social media allows teens to follow
organizations and causes that they believe in. It makes them
feel like they are a part of something, even when they feel like
an outcast in society.
Increased teen awareness is important. Social media is one of
the best outlets to reach the minds of young people to make a
real difference...
When natural disaster strikes and causes devastating
destruction, social media is the ideal vehicle to deliver
messages asking for support. Hashtags are created to help
Internet users locate related stories and show their support
for those affected by the disaster. This helps stories that begin
locally to gain national or global attention."
Mar. 18, 2016 - AJ Agrawal Logan Sachon, Cofounder of
the Billfold, wrote in a Mar. 8, 2016 opinion piece for the New
York Magazine titled "In Defense of Social Media: Talking to
a Teenage Girl About Nancy Jo Sales's American Girl":
"Alicé is 17 and met her best friend on Twitter... 'I was lonely
before Twitter,' she says. 'Without Twitter, I would still be
depressed. No one has ever tried to be my friend...' She
connected with a girl online who was going through the same
things, and that really helped. She made more of an effort to
connect with people at school.
Alicé has had in-person meetings with nearly 20 of her
Twitter friends... 'I would have never met the people I'm
friends with without the internet,' she says... 'I've had the
deepest conversations with people I've met on the internet...
I've never had such support from people; I treasure them. I
was dumbfounded at how much they actually cared.'
32
over time. Conclusion In the future, just as much as today, we
will need comparative qualitative anthropological fieldwork that
can empathetically engage with social media from the
perspective of its users in order to keep answering the question of
what social media is – because the world will continue to
change it.
True and lasting connection can and does come from social
media — it is born there and it is nourished there. That second
world [social media] isn't a ghetto - it's not even a second world.
It's an expansion of this one."
Mar. 8, 2016 - Logan Sachon Michael Peckerar, Content
Associate at RantLifestyle and RantChic, in an Oct. 25, 2015
article for rantgizmo.com titled "15 Times Social Media Saved
Lives," wrote:"While the naysayers call it a 'distraction', the
truth is that social media steps in to save the day on a regular
basis...
Chris Strouth... was informed he needed a kidney transplant.
During the process of hemodialysis, he tweeted his frustration. A
simple tweet that read 'Sh*t, I need a kidney.' prompted multiple
strangers who followed him on Twitter to go get checked out.
One match was found, Scott Pakudaitis. The two had never met
in person until the day of the surgery, but Pakudaitis happily
donated his kidney to someone who simply asked for it...
In 2012, a Johannesburg, South Africa man was carjacked at
gunpoint and locked in the trunk of his car. Because criminals
are often stupid, they didn't realize he still had his phone. He
began texting his girlfriend who then tweeted the information
about where he was. Through RT's and replies, Twitter and
Facebook users tracked the car for police all the way to
Kroonstad. Police monitored Twitter and took help from locals
until the car was spotted in Ventersburg, and the police were
able to intercept -- saving the man's life...
[A] teenager in Britain sent a Facebook message to his friend in
the US. The message had mentioned he was thinking of harming
himself. The friend immediately called the police, who then called
the British Embassy. Through them, they were able to use the
boy's name to find his address, and notify Oxfordshire police.
They showed up in the nick of time, since he'd overdosed... but
was conscious. He recovered completely. Facebook now has a
feature where friends can report a friend they're concerned
might harm themselves.
Chase Tyree was checking out Reddit, and saw someone who'd
posted a photo of his cancerous testicle that'd been removed...
[H]e read the rest of the post and saw the symptoms that led up
to the surgery. Tyree... realized he was having the same
symptoms. He went to the doctor, got looked at, and found out he
had testicular cancer as well. After surgery, he made a complete
recovery and declared 'Reddit saved my life!'"
Oct. 25, 2015 - Michael Peckerar
The American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
wrote in their Feb. 2015 Committee Opinion titled "Professional
Use of Digital and Social Media," available from acog.org:

"Social media sites are fast becoming standard tools for
professional practices... The ability of social media sites to
spread information beyond the capacity of traditional digital
media makes them attractive tools for organizations and
individual professionals...
Use of professional social networks affords researchers and
professionals the opportunity to share their work across
larger audiences of like-minded professionals, fosters the
development of new collaboration, and offers a forum for
online dialogue among remote colleagues...
Digital and social media are not only acceptable for the
modern practicing physician, but have become necessary
elements for relating to patients and practicing medicine."
Feb. 2015 - American Congress of Obstetricians and
Gynecologists (ACOG) Hilary Walters-West, Editor-in-Chief
of the Odyssey, wrote in a Dec. 14, 2015 article for
the Odyssey titled "Why the Benefits of Social Media
Outweigh the Drawbacks":"I believe social media has truly
made our world a better place and I think overall the world
has greatly benefitted from its existence for many different
reasons.In a time where traveling for work has become the
norm and so many people are required to be in a different
place multiple times each month, social media allows
individuals the chance to stay close with their family and
friends. It allows them to share what’s going on in their life in
the most convenient way... Social media accounts enable
people from all over the world to foster and maintain
relationships without letting distance become a barrier.Social
media has also created an exciting outlet for people to see
news and stay updated on current events in the
world... [S]ocial media has given our society a better way of
life and it has aided people in their daily lives. Social media is
not the enemy; it is our ally and it has provides us with
resources that we never knew before."
Dec. 14, 2015 - Hilary Walters-West Victoria Betton, PhD,
mHabitat Programme Director at Leeds and York
Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Rohan Borschmann,
PhD, McKenzie Research Fellow at the University of
Melbourne (Australia), Mary Docherty, Member of the Royal
College of Physicians and Psychiatrists (MRCP, MRCPsych),
Academic Clinical Fellow at King's College London (UK) at
the time of the quote, Stephen Coleman, PhD, Professor of
Political Communication at the University of Leeds (UK),
Mark Brown, Development Director at Social Spider CIC, and
Claire Henderson, PhD, Clinical Senior Lecturer at King's
College London (UK), wrote in a June 2015 editorial "The
Role of Social Media in Reducing Stigma and Discrimination"
for the British Journal of Psychiatry:
"[S]ocial media are inexpensive and easy to use. They signify
a trend towards more interaction whereby people create as
well as consume content. It is possible to share stories,
produce other content and influence the media environment...
A striking aspect of social media sites such as Twitter is that a
spontaneous burst of protest can be initiated by one
individual in a single post and widely shared... [S]haring
experiences and having one's voice heard on social channels
can create a sense of empowerment - of feeling less alone with
a personal struggle, and more confidence in showing a part
of the self that might usually remain hidden."
June 2015 - Victoria Betton, PhD
Rohan Borschmann, PhD
Mark Brown
33
Stephen Coleman, PhD
Mary Docherty, MRCP, MRCPsych
Claire Henderson, PhD
Tomer Simon, MPH, founder of Ready.org.il, Avishay Goldberg,
PhD, Deputy Rector at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev,
Limor Aharonson-Daniel, PhD, Head of the PREPARED Center
for Emergency Response Research at Ben-Gurion University of
the Negev, Dmitry Leykin, MA, Statistics and Research Methods
Consultant at Tel Hai Academic College, and Bruria Adini, PhD,
Head of the Emergency Response Training Program at Ben-
Gurion University of the Negev, wrote in the Aug. 25, 2014
article "Twitter in the Cross Fire – The Use of Social Media in the
Westgate Mall Terror Attack in Kenya" in PLoS ONE:
"Social media offer an accessible, widely available means for a
bi-directional flow of information between the public and the
authorities. In the crisis, all emergency responders used and
leveraged social media networks for communicating both with
the public and among themselves...
In recent years, the social media, and especially Twitter, have
emerged as important, near real-time communication channels
and technologies during emergency response. Social media
consist of tools that enable open and online exchange of
information through conversation, interaction and exchange of
user generated content...
The different social media channels have become an integral tool
in the response of official authorities and the general public to
emergency situations."
Aug. 25, 2014 - Bruria Adini, PhD
Limor Aharonson-Daniel, PhD
Avishay Goldberg, PhD
Dmitry Leykin, MA
Tomer Simon, MPH
The Pew Research Center, in a June 16, 2011 press release titled
"Social Networking Sites and Our Lives," available from
pewinternet.org, wrote:
"There has been a great deal of speculation about the impact of
social networking site use on people’s social lives, and much of it
has centered on the possibility that these sites are hurting users’
relationships and pushing them away from participating in the
world... We’ve found the exact opposite – that people who use
sites like Facebook actually have more close relationships and
are more likely to be involved in civic and political activities.
Social networking sites have become increasingly important to
people as they find ways to integrate check-ins and updates into
the rhythms of their lives... People use them now to stay in touch
with their best friends and distant acquaintances alike."
June 16, 2011 - Pew Research Center
Halil Ibrahim Gurcan, PhD, Professor at the Faculty of
Communication Sciences at Anadolu University (Turkey), wrote
in the Dec. 2015 paper "Contribution of Social Media to the
Students' Academic Development" in the International Journal of
Information and Education Technology:
"Social network sites help fulfill communication needs and
wants. It is a convenient method of communication and provides
the ability to stay connected with friends and family, but on the
users own rate and time. Users can manage their interactions
within their own schedule by choosing when they want to read
and respond... [I]t is efficient because it is a one-to-many method

of communication which allows users to quickly spread
information...
Social media provides students a new mechanism for a
familiar exercise: that of personal expression."
Dec. 2015 - Halil Ibrahim Gurcan, PhD
Leah Klingbeil, Marketing Specialist at LoginRadius at the
time of the quote, wrote in a July 1, 2015 article for Social
Media Today titled "Is Social Media Bad for Us?":
"What about the good that's come from the incredible reach of
social media? Like... natural disaster response. Tragic
natural disasters will always occur, the difference is, we now
have a way to respond immediately worldwide...
On... Twitter, 2.3 million Tweets were sent within the first 48
hours of the #HaitiEarthquake in 2010. 'Survivors took to
social media to alert aid agencies of their need...' FEMA
Tweeted during Hurricane Sandy: 'Phone lines may be
congested during/after #Sandy. Let loved ones know you're
okay by sending a text or updating your social networks'...
On... Facebook, 4.5 million status updates contained the
words: Japan, Earthquake, or Tsunami on March 11, 2011.
Facebook responded by creating a Disaster Message Board,
equipped with a SAFE button, which reached 3 million users
by April 2011...
Social media networks are the new 'milk-cartons' in helping
to find missing people. Loved ones and police now have
access to hundreds of thousands of people with a single tweet,
update, or photo stream. According to the National Centre for
Missing or Exploited Children, social media has helped to
resolved and recover 98.5% of AMBER alerts since 2005.
Tools like SecuraChild, an AMBER alert system powered by
social networks, dramatically increases chances of recovery
by sending blasts of information to the social platforms."
July 1, 2015 - Leah Klingbeil
Nicole Ellison, PhD, Assistant Professor of
Telecommunication, Information Studies, and Media at
Michigan State University, stated the following in a Feb. 15,
2008 entry titled "Is MySpace Good for Society? A
Freakonomics Quorum," from the Freakonomics blog hosted
by the New York Times:
"I believe the benefits provided by social network sites such as
Facebook have made us better off as a society and as
individuals, and that, as they continue to be adopted by more
diverse populations, we will see an increase in their utility.
Anecdotal evidence of positive outcomes from these
technologies -- such as political activities organized via
Facebook or jobs found through LinkedIn -- is well-known,
but now a growing corpus of academic research on social
networks sites supports this view as well...
Social technologies never have predictable and absolute
positive or negative effects, which is why social scientists
dread questions like these. In considering the effects of social
network sites, it is clear that there are many challenges to
work through -- the increasing commercialization of this
space, the need to construct strong privacy protections for
users, and safety issues -- but I believe the benefits we receive
as a society provided by these tools far outweigh the risks."
Feb. 15, 2008 - Nicole Ellison, PhD
34
Zeynep Tufekci, PhD, Assistant Professor at the School of
Information and Library Science at the University of North
Carolina, wrote in an Apr. 25, 2012 article in The Atlantic titled
"Social Media's Small, Positive Role in Human Relationships":
"[S]ocial media is a counterweight to the ongoing devaluation of
human lives. Social media's rapid rise is a loud, desperate,
emerging attempt by people everywhere to connect with *each
other* in the face of all the obstacles that modernity imposes on
our lives: suburbanization that isolates us from each other, long
working-hours and commutes that are required to make ends
meet, the global migration that scatters families across the globe,
the military-industrial-consumption machine that drives so
many key decisions, and, last but not least, the television - the
ultimate alienation machine...
From Arab Spring dissidents who were minorities in their
communities to my students from a variety of backgrounds, from
gay teens in rural areas to just people who feel awkward when
in company of new people, I've heard the sentiment again and
again that new communication tools are what saved their
(offline) social lives...
Can't be close to your family because your job took you to the
other end of the planet? You can still share updates on Facebook.
Your government is censoring news of your protest? You can
tweet photos of it. You cannot find people interested in a
particular kind of music which moves you? Surely, there is a
community."
Apr. 25, 2012 - Zeynep Tufekci, PhD
Ben Parr, Co-Editor of Mashable, stated the following in his Jan.
20, 2010 article titled "Social Media's True Impact on Haiti,
China, and the World," posted on mashable.com:
"With the Iranian government clamping down on information
and enforcing censorship [during protests of the Iranian
presidential election in June 2009], Twitter, Facebook, Flickr,
and YouTube became the primary mediums for bringing
information out of the conflicted nation and spreading notes
between dissidents... Twitter's role was so important in fact that
the US government got involved in scheduling Twitter's
downtime...
After a magnitude 7.0 earthquake (and multiple aftershocks)
devastated the nation of Haiti [on Jan. 12, 2010], social media
became the medium in which everybody spread the word.
Dramatic Haiti earthquake Twitter pictures swept across the
web, while tech giants mobilized. The most impressive part of
social media's impact on Haiti has to be the charity text message
campaign that has already raised more than $10 million for
Haiti victim relief. Social media spread the word, technology
made it possible...
Real-time communication platforms like Twitter and Facebook
have spread the word about what's happening within these
nations, long before the mainstream media prints the story.
These tools have also created a level awareness we've never seen
before."
Jan. 20, 2010 - Ben Parr
Opponents
George Skelton, columnist for the Los Angeles Times, in a May 5,
2016 article for the Los Angeles Times titled "How Did Trump
Become the Presumptive Nominee? Blame Twitter," wrote:

"[Social media] nurtures short attention spans, the craving
for instant gratification and impersonal barbaric behavior.
No time for serious thinking or boning up on substance. A
quick stimulating hit of social recognition will suffice. And no
need for civility when you're not looking someone in the eye."
May 5, 2016 - George Skelton
Essena O'Neill, social media celebrity, in an Oct. 27, 2015
Instagram post, reported on in part in a Nov. 2, 2015 article
by Kristina Rodulfo for Elle titled "100 Shots, One Day of Not
Eating: What Happens When You Say What Really Goes Into
the Perfect Bikini Selfie?," wrote:
"I've spent the majority of my teenage life being addicted to
social media, social approval, social status, and my physical
appearance... [Social media] is contrived images and edited
clips ranked against each other. It's a system based on social
approval, likes, validation, in views, success in followers. it's
perfectly orchestrated self-absorbed judgement...
How can we see ourselves and our true purpose/talents if we
are constantly viewing others?... Many of us are in so deep
we don't realize [social media's] delusional powers and the
impact it has on our lives...
I can't tell you how free I feel without social media. Never
again will I let a number define me. IT SUFFOCATED ME."
Oct. 27, 2015 - Essena O'Neill
Lindsay Williams, freelance writer, editor, and blogger,
wrote in a Dec. 29, 2015 article for Relevant titled "6 Ways
Social Media Is Ruining Our Friendships," available at
the Relevant Magazine website:
"Whether we like to admit it or not, social media, in all its
forms, has taken a toll on our relationships - particularly our
friendships...
Social media makes us feel like we know people better than
we really do. Let's get one thing straight: Liking someone's
photos on Instagram does not a friendship make. Genuine
relationships take time and communication—preferably face-
to-face...
Social media misleads us to believe that we have a large,
built-in support system. But that support system is merely a
number, not real life... The only real way to foster community
is to live life with people over time...
Social media puts up virtual walls. Most of the time, we don't
air our dirty laundry online for fear of what others might
think. We only Instagram our best moments and tweet about
the most extraordinary few minutes of our day... Yet, it's only
in our mess, in our brokenness, when we can become fully
known. The friends who know us best are those who have
seen us at our worst—and loved us any way. Those types of
friendships are only crafted through the nitty gritty life
moments that we'd all be too embarrassed to divulge on
Facebook...
We've become so obsessed with making sure the story we're
telling on social media looks exciting and beautiful and
meaningful that we've failed to pay adequate attention to the
stories other people are telling. It's easy for us to be me-
focused when social media forces us to play the part. How
35
can we ever be a good friend when we have no room for another
person in our carefully crafted lives?"
Dec. 28, 2015 - Lindsay Williams
The Happiness Research Institute, a Danish independent think
tank focusing on life satisfaction, happiness, and quality of life,
in a 2015 report titled "The Facebook Experiment: Does Social
Media Affect the Quality of Our Lives?," available at the
Happiness Research Institute website, wrote:
"This experiment was conducted on 1095 people in Denmark. We
randomly assigned half of them to the following task: do not use
Facebook for one week...
After one week without Facebook the treatment group reported a
significantly higher level of life satisfaction...
People who had taken a break from Facebook felt happier and
were less sad and lonely...
After one week without Facebook the treatment group
experienced an increase in their social activity – and an increase
in their satisfaction with their social life...
After one week without Facebook the treatment group
experienced less concentration difficulties...
People on Facebook are 55% more likely to feel stressed...
After one week without Facebook the treatment group felt they
wasted their time less."
2015 - Happiness Research Institute
Stephen Fry, actor, comedian, journalist, and President of Mind,
a UK-based mental health charity, in a Feb. 15, 2016 blog post
titled "Too Many People Have Peed in the Pool," available from
stephenfry.com, wrote:
"[L]et us grieve at what twitter has become. A stalking ground
for the sanctimoniously self-righteous who love to second-guess,
to leap to conclusions and be offended - worse, to be offended on
behalf of others they do not even know. It's as nasty and
unwholesome a characteristic as can be imagined. It doesn't
matter whether they think they're defending women, men,
transgender people, Muslims, humanists... the ghastliness is
absolutely the same...
But you've let the trolls and nasties win! If everyone did what
you did, Stephen, the slab-faced dictators of tone and humour
would have the place to themselves. Well, yes and they're
welcome to it. Perhaps then they'll have nothing to smell but their
own smell.
So I don't feel anything today other than massive relief, like a
boulder rolling off my chest. I am free, free at last."
Feb. 15, 2016 - Stephen Fry
Suren Ramasubbu, MBA, President and CEO of Mobicip, a
company that makes parental controls for phones, tablets, and
computers, in an Apr. 7, 2015 opinion piece for the Huffington
Post titled "Teenagers and the Internet," wrote:
"Difficulty in self-regulation, lack of awareness of repercussions
of privacy compromise and susceptibility to peer pressure are
listed as reasons for teenagers' cavalier attitude towards online
risks such as sexting, cyberbullying and exposure to
inappropriate content as they navigate the tricky waters of
social media...
[T]he risks of Internet and social media to teenagers is just as
real as the risks in society. Cyberbullying, in the forms of name-
calling and gossiping, spreading rumors, making threats or

otherwise sending malicious messages through emails,
message boards and social media, has augmented offline
bullying and estimates of the incidence of cyber bullying
range from 23 to 72% in various studies... Exposure to age-
inappropriate content is another serious risk because it
causes much damage to an age-group that is already prone
to sexual uncertainty and uncommitted and possibly unsafe
sexual exploration. Dangerous communities that support self-
harm activities, such as anorexia, drug use, and such other
disruptive concepts are also serious pitfalls."
Apr. 7, 2015 - Suren Ramasubbu, MBA
Imogen Farris, Staff Writer at the Odyssey at the time of the
quote, wrote in an Aug. 17, 2015 article for the Odyssey titled
"I Hate Social Media and You Should Too":
"[S]ocial media is turning us into people I really don't think
we want to be. Each and every day, people are constantly
sharing, posting and tweeting. We're becoming glued to
computers, phones and tablets, always wanting to know
what the people around us are doing. There are so many
social media sites today, and honestly, I don't think it's worth
the effort to try and keep up.
Facebook is hands-down the number one culprit of taking our
attention and causing us to live vicariously through others.
We become 'friends' with people we don't even know just so
we can share pictures of our daily lives and like statuses that
don't even matter. It's become a platform for people to judge
and even be cruel to each other. I genuinely don't think people
would behave this way if they weren't safely behind a
keyboard."
Aug. 17, 2015 - Imogen Farris
Theo Priestley, former VP of Marketing at Software AG,
wrote in an Aug. 13, 2015 article for Forbes titled "Is Social
Media Just Another Bad Habit To Break?":
"Social media has turned a lot of us into a reflex-based
automaton...
It's become easier to scribble a couple of sentences for all to
see rather than pick up the phone and have a real
conversation with someone on the other end. And what's
actually pretty frightening is how we've come to accept
opening our front door to the world as the norm...
Social media has turned the art of expression into a post-it
note...
Social media is an addiction, but not a good one...
Social media is rapidly becoming as bad as smoking for the
human condition...
Social media is just another habit to kick."
Aug. 13, 2015 - Theo Priestley
Michael Bublé, singer-songwriter, stated in a Mar. 17, 2014
interview with George Stroumboulopoulos, a video and part-
transcript of which is available from cbc.ca under the title
"Michael Bublé: I Hate Social Media":
"I hate social media... You can't do anything. You can't get
away with anything. Not that that's what I'm trying to do,
but you're burned all the time.
It's not just about me. I watch it happen to other people and it
scares me... People can say whatever they want and the best
part is it doesn't have to be true. There's no responsibility that
they have to take, there's no integrity.... It's blogs. People can
36
write whatever they want about you. Sometimes it can be
ridiculous and you can think to yourself, 'Well, no one will
believe that.' But they do."
Mar. 17, 2014 - Michael Bublé
Joseph Dana, MA, independent freelance journalist, wrote in an
Oct. 18, 2015 opinion piece for The National titled "Social Media
Increases the Volume, but Not the Debate":
"Social media encourages aggressive discourse. The louder one is
on Twitter, for example, the more followers and attention one
receives. The more dramatic the update on Facebook, the more
'likes' it will get.
Given the brevity of Twitter and its inherent commodification of
discourse, deep discussion is discouraged. As such, social media
provides the illusion of empowering users when in fact it merely
entrenches their views, silos them with like-minded people and
encourages rude exchanges with adversaries. The American
novelist Jonathan Franzen, known for his critical views on the
internet, has called Twitter the 'ultimate irresponsible medium'
for these reasons."
Oct. 18, 2015 - Joseph Dana, MA
Himanshu Tyagi, MRCPsych, MBBS, Specialist Registrar in
Psychotherapy at the Springfield University Hospital in London,
UK, stated the following in an address to the Annual Meeting of
the Royal College of Psychiatrists, as quoted in a July 3, 2008
press release from the Royal College of Psychiatrists:
"It's a world where everything moves fast and changes all the
time, where relationships are quickly disposed at the click of a
mouse, where you can delete your profile if you don't like it and
swap an unacceptable identity in the blink of an eye for one that
is more acceptable. People used to the quick pace of online social
networking may soon find the real world boring and
unstimulating, potentially leading to more extreme behaviour to
get that sense.
It may be possible that young people who have no experience of a
world without online societies put less value on their real world
identities and can therefore be at risk in their real lives, perhaps
more vulnerable to impulsive behaviour or even suicide."
July 3, 2008 - Himanshu Tyagi, MRCPsych, MBBS
Edward De Bono, MD, PhD, DPhil, Founding Director of the
Cognitive Research Trust, in an Oct. 3, 2011 interview with
news.com.au, available under the title "Edward De Bono Says
Social Media Makes Us Lazy and Stupid," stated:
"There's a danger in the internet and social media... The notion
that information is enough, that more-and-more information is
enough, that you don't have to think, you just have to get more
information - gets very dangerous...
[P]eople say 'I don't have to think, information will make my
decision for me', and that completely rules out creativity using
the information in a different way, or new way...
(Social media causes) laziness – that we just feel we'll just get
more information and we don't need to have ideas ourselves –
we'll get ideas from someone else, we don't need to look at the
data we'll just see what someone else has said and so on."
Oct. 3, 2011 - Edward De Bono, MD, PhD, DPhil
Stephen Marche, PhD, novelist and columnist for Esquire, wrote
in a May 2012 article for the Atlantic titled "Is Facebook Making
Us Lonely?":
"Social media - from Facebook to Twitter - have made us more
densely networked than ever. Yet for all this connectivity, new

research suggests that we have never been lonelier (or more
narcissistic) - and that this loneliness is making us mentally
and physically ill...
What Facebook has revealed about human nature - and this is
not a minor revelation - is that a connection is not the same
thing as a bond, and that instant and total connection is no
salvation, no ticket to a happier, better world or a more
liberated version of humanity. Solitude used to be good for
self-reflection and self-reinvention. But now we are left
thinking about who we are all the time, without ever really
thinking about who we are. Facebook denies us a pleasure
whose profundity we had underestimated: the chance to
forget about ourselves for a while, the chance to disconnect."
May 2012 - Stephen Marche, PhD
Kim Stolz, former model and VP of Equity Derivative Sales at
Citi at the time of the quote, stated in a June 24, 2014
interview with Eliana Dockterman for TIME titled "Kim
Stolz: How Social Media Is Ruining Our Relationships":
"I think the rise of social media is definitely correlated with
the rise of narcissism in our society. Our self-esteem depends
on how many likes we get, how many followers we get, if
someone texts us back...
But just as quickly as I might scroll through Instagram and
see 100 people liked a photo of me, and that makes me feel
good, the next moment I might see all of my friends hanging
out the night before and wonder why I wasn't invited and feel
extremely lonely about that. Now more than ever there are
some major highs and really depressing lows, and they come
so close together. So you begin to feel numb to genuine
emotion...
I think a lot of relationships have been ruined by one person's
addiction to social media, whether that addiction leads to a
connection with a past love or crush—and that can be
detrimental—or sometimes it simply means that you get home
at night to spend time with your significant other and you
have nothing to talk about because you've spoken about
everything all day through social media or you've looked
through each other's social media feeds.
There's been an emerging body of research that shows that
when you stop having offscreen interaction, you lose
empathy. You lose the ability to have genuine reactions to
real problems and real things."
June 24, 2014 - Kim Stolz
Susan Greenfield, DPhil, Professor of Pharmacology at the
University of Oxford, stated the following in her Feb. 12, 2009
speech to the UK House of Lords, the transcript of which is
available from the Daily Hansard:
"Social networking sites might tap into the basic brain
systems for delivering pleasurable experience. However,
these experiences are devoid of cohesive narrative and long-
term significance. As a consequence, the mid-21st century
mind might almost be infantilised, characterised by short
attention spans, sensationalism, inability to empathise and a
shaky sense of identity."
Feb. 12, 2009 - Susan Greenfield, DPhil
Tom Hodgkinson, writer for the Guardian, stated the
following in his Jan. 14, 2008 article titled "With Friends Like
These...," published in the Guardian:
37
"I despise Facebook. This enormously successful American
business describes itself as 'a social utility that connects you with
the people around you'. But hang on. Why on God's earth would I
need a computer to connect with the people around me? Why
should my relationships be mediated through the imagination of
a bunch of supergeeks in California? What was wrong with the
pub?
And does Facebook really connect people? Doesn't it rather
disconnect us, since instead of doing something enjoyable such as
talking and eating and dancing and drinking with my friends, I
am merely sending them little ungrammatical notes and
amusing photos in cyberspace, while chained to my desk?...
Clearly, Facebook is another uber-capitalist experiment: can you
make money out of friendship? Can you create communities free
of national boundaries -- and then sell Coca-Cola to them?
Facebook is profoundly uncreative. It makes nothing at all. It
simply mediates in relationships that were happening anyway."
Jan. 14, 2008 - Tom Hodgkinson
Additional Arguments for Social Media
1. Social Networking Sites spread information faster than
any other media.Law enforcement uses social
networking sites to catch and prosecute criminals.
2. Social networking sites help students do better at
school.Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology
3. Social networking sites allow people to improve their
relationships and make new friends.
4. Social media helps empower business women.
5. Social media sites help employers find employees and
job-seekers find work.
6. Being a part of a social networking site can increase a
person's quality of life and reduce the risk of health
problems.
7. Social networking sites facilitate face-to-face
interaction.Social networking sites increase voter
participation.
8. Social media facilitates political change.
9. Social networking is good for the economy.
10. Social media sites empower individuals to make social
change and do social good on a community level.
11. Social networking sites help senior citizens feel more
connected to society.
12. Social networking sites help people who are socially
isolated or shy connect with other people.
13. Social media allows for quick, easy dissemination of
public health and safety information from reputable
sources.
14. Social media can help disarm social stigmas. New York
TimesLet’s Pretend This Never Happened
15. "Crowdsourcing" and "crowdfunding" on social media
allows people to collectively accomplish a goal.
16. Social networking provides academic research to a
wider audience, allowing many people access to
previously unavailable educational resources.
17. Corporations and small businesses use social media to
benefit themselves and consumers.
18. Social networking sites offer teachers a platform for
collaboration with other teachers and communication
with students outside the classroom.
19. Social networking sites offer a way for musicians and
artists to build audiences even if they don’t have a

corporate contract.Colleges and universities use
social media to recruit and retain students.
Additional Argumenst against Social Media
1. CON Social Networking Sites Social media enables
the spread of unreliable and false information.Social
networking sites lack privacy and expose users to
government and corporate intrusions.
2. Students who are heavy social media users tend to
have lower grades.American Journal of Family
Therapy
3. Social networking sites can lead to stress and offline
relationship problems.Social networking sites entice
people to waste time.
4. Using social media can harm job stability and
employment prospects.The use of social networking
sites is correlated with personality and brain
disorders, such as the inability to have in-person
conversations, a need for instant gratification,
ADHD, and self-centered personalities, as well as
addictive behaviors.Diagnostic and Statistical
Manual of Mental Disorders
5. Social media causes people to spend less time
interacting face-to-face. Criminals use social media
to commit and promote crimes.Social media can
endanger the military and journalists.Social
networking sites harm employees' productivity.
6. Social networking sites facilitate
cyberbullying. Consumer Reports
Solved Past Papers
Solved MCQs of CSS Compulsory Papers
2014
MCQs of CSS Islamic Studies Paper 2014
1. ‫ حمالة‬Hamala means? To carry (Surat Lahab) and these
words were used for the wife of Abu Lahab
2. What is Jamiah Tirmazi? Collection of Hadith
3. On which tribe Zakat is prohibited? Banu Hashim
4. Yaum-e-Nahar is on ? 10th Zil Hajj
5. How many Makki Surahs are in The Holy Quran? 86
6. Which prophet name is mentioned most in the Quran?
Hazrat Mosa (136 Times)
7. Meaning of Ma Abudtum ‫ ?ماعبدتم‬what you worship
(109:4)
8. Ara'ayta ‫ ارايت‬means? You See (107:1)
9. Tazleel ‫ تضليل‬means? To go astray (105:2)
10. By ‫ قريتن عظيم‬Quran refers to? Makkah and Taif (43:31)
11. Ashab-al-Aikah was the nation of which prophet? Hazrat
Shoiab A.S
12. Bakkah is the name of a? City, Another name of Makkah
13. Incident of Miraj is present in Quran, how many
times? Twice (Israa, 1st surat of 15th para and in surat An
Najam)
38
7. Social networking sites enable "sexting," which can lead
to criminal charges and the unexpected proliferation of
personal images.
8. People who use social networking sites are prone to
social isolation.Social networking sites encourage
amateur advice and self-diagnosis for health problems
which can lead to harmful or life-threatening
results. American Journal of Public Health
9. Social media aids the spread of hate groups.Children
may endanger themselves by not understanding the
public and viral nature of social networking
sites. Project X
10. Social networking enables cheating on school
assignments.
11. Social networking sites' advertising practices may
constitute an invasion of privacy. Social media can
facilitate inappropriate student-teacher
relationships. Unauthorized sharing on social
networking sites exposes artists to copyright
infringement, loss of intellectual property, and loss of
income.Vogue Spain
12. Using social media can harm students' chances for
college admission.Social media posts cannot be
completely deleted and all information posted can have
unintended consequences.
13. Social networking site users are vulnerable to security
attacks such as hacking, identity theft, and viruses.
14. The key of Kaaba is with which tribe? Bani Shaiba
15. Surah Barat is the name of which Surah? Surah Tuoba
16. Hazrat Maria Qibtia belongs to? Alexandria, Egypt
17. Fatrataul Wahi means? Pause in Wahi
18. Mannah and Quails arrived at Bani Israel at which
place? Valley of Seena, situated in Egypt.
19. The incident of splitting of moon occurred at which
place? Mina
20. Ya sabaaha means ? The danger of attack
MCQs of CSS Pakistan Affairs Paper 2014
1. Sheikh Ahmad Sirhind was born at? Sirhind
2. The total number of Prime Ministers till 1958 ? Seven
3. Ideology means? Science of Ideas
4. Anjuman-e-Himayat Islami was established in? 1884
5. Islam means to? Obey
6. Which country opposed Pakistan’s membership of UN?
Afghanistan
7. When did the First Constituent Assembly of Pakistan address?
11th August, 1947
8. Who was presiding the meeting of Muslim League when it
was decided that Muslim League will established? Nawab
 39

Solved Past Papers Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017

Waqar ul Mulk 1. The echo of Big Bang can be heard in the form of: Cosmic
9. Who was against Luckow Pact? None Rays
10. "The Reconstruction of Religious Thoughts" in Islam is 2. Omar Khayyam was a: Poet, Mathematician, Astronomer,
written by? Allama Iqbal All of these
11. Who wanted to become the joint Governor General of both 3. Who was the early dentist and also inventor of many
India and Pakistan? Lord Mount Batten. surgical instruments: Al-Zahrawi
12. Mangla Dam is situated in which province? Azad Kashmir 4. Who was the first Muslim mathematician who used “Zero”
(Mirpur District) : Al Khwarizmi
13. Who was the First Student of Deoband? Maulana 5. Why some nebulae shine? Because they reflect light
Mahmoodul-Hasan 6. A shooting star is: a meteor
14. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan retired as a Judge in? 1876 7. A “Clinical death” takes place when: there is no pulse,
15. Who was the PM of India at the time of Tashkent there is no heart beat, Pupils are fixed and dilated and
Declaration? Lal Bahadur Shastri there is no reaction to light, All of these
16. Altah Hussain Hali has written “Hayat-e-Jawaid” on? Sir 8. What is Hubble classification? Classification of galaxies
Syed Ahmed Khan 9. Sun rise in the east and sets in the west due to the:
17. First Martial Law was imposed by? Iskender Mirza Rotation of earth on its axis
(1958 ) 10. What are cyclones? Violent wind and rain
18. Who dissolved the first constituent assembly of Pakistan? 11. From ecological point of view human beings are taken as
Governor General Malik Ghulam Muhammad(October Consumers
24, 1954) 12. The major cause of land pollution is: All of these
19. The largest concrete dam in the world? Grand Coluee 13. The sharp-biter taste of unripe fruits is due to high
Dam(It is the Dam on the Columbia River in the U.S. state of concentration of: Organic acids
Washington) 14. The use of antibiotic is a very effective way of killing
20. What was the Capital of Sindh during Mohammad Bin disease-causing bacteria. Sometimes people don’t finish all
Qasim invasion ? Alore (the medieval name of the city of of their pills. This can result in: Bacteria becoming
Rohri ) resistant to antibiotics
MCQs of CSS Current Affairs Paper 2014 15. Flesh eaters are called: Scavengers
1. Suez Canal was constructed in ? Nov, 1869. 16. Chromosomes are made up of: DNA, RNA & Proteins
2. The deepest ocean in the world is? Pacific Ocean. 17. Plants can be made diseur resistant by: Breeding with
3. The largest Internet Using Country in the world is? their wild relatives
China. 18. Important ingredient used in Vicks vapors rub is obtained
4. The largest concrete dam in the word is? Itaipu from the plant: Cinnamomum Camphora
Dam.(Paraná River located on the border between 19. Which of the following is both endocrine and exocrine
Brazil and Paraguay) gland: Pancreas
5. Viva Voice means? Oral rather than written. 20. The process by which small amount of impurities are
6. Ad Hoc means? Created or done for a particular added into a semiconductor is called: Doping
purpose as necessary. 21. Which of following is a semi-conductor? Magnesium
7. In Camera is a legal term that means? In private. 22. Silver fish belongs to: Insect
8. Status Quo means? The existing state of affairs. 23. Satiety is the condition in which patient lacks desires to:
9. Persona Grata means? A person, especially a Eat
diplomat, acceptable to certain others. 24. Function of iron in our body is: Oxygen transport
10. Ultra vires means? Beyond one's legal power or 25. The no-communicable disease is called: Chronic
authority. 26. Vitamins A, D, E and K are called: Fat soluble vitamins
11. The Killer Mountain is the other name for? Nanga 27. Which is not a function of HCL in stomach: Breakdown
Parbat. proteins into peptones
12. The largest landlocked country is? Kazkhstan. 28. The sum of the kinetic energy and potential energy of a
13. National Day of Afghanistan is celebrated on? 19 oscillating body is ca: Constant at all points
August. 29. Which term in psychology is generally used to refer to
14. PPP ( People's Party) was established in? 1967. emotional disorders such as, anxiety, depression and
15. Length of Khyber Pass is?53 km. (33 miles). It phobia: Neurosis
connects Peshawar with Kabul. 30. All alkali metals react with water to form: Hydroxides
16. The first mobile inventor belongs to? Motorola. 31. Permanent hardness of water is due to the presence of:
17. Thar Desert is? Subtropical Calcium Sulphate
18. Sahara Desert is located in? North Africa. 32. LASER is an acronym for: Light Amplification by
19. Quetta Mashad Bus Service was started by Musharaf Stimulated Emission of Radiation
under vision 2050 in? 2008. 33. If carbon dioxide is passed through lime water for a long
20. Soft Drink contains? CO2( Carbon di-oxide) (Source: time, the cloudy white color (initially formed) disappears
CSS Forum) because of the formation of: Calcium Carbonate

MCQs of CSS Everyday Science 2014

 40

34. Articles made of copper and bronze slowly tarnish in 49. The densities of three liquids are D, 2D, 3D. What will be
air and turn green, the green color is due to the the density of the resulting mixture if equal volumes of the
formation of: Copper oxide three liquids are mixed? 2D
35. Bleaching powder losses its power on keeping for a 50. Which of the following is a conventional designation of
long time because: It changes into calcium pre-released software? Beta Note
chloride and calcium chlorate
36. When the quantity of charge on each of the two bodies MCQs of CSS English Composition & Precis Paper
is doubted, the force between them becomes: Four 2014
times Choose the word that is near most similar in meaning
37. Light year is related to: Distance to the Capitalized words (1 Mark each)
38. The word ceramic means: Burnt material 51. Apropos: Regarding
39. The operation of solar cell is based on: 52. Bulwark: Rampant
Photoconduction 53. Epitome: Essence
40. The minimum number of bits required to store 54. Regurgitate: Reproduce
hexadecimal number is: 16 55. Plutocrat: Magnate
41. Which of the following minerals is most resistant to 56. Inebriate: Drunken
chemical weathering: Quartz 57. Prodigious: Unacceptable
42. An igneous rock contains a radioactive isotope that has 58. Nuance: Subtle meaning
a half-life of 10 million years. Careful analysis shows 59. Canny: Clever
that only one quarter of the original concentrations of 60. Sonorous: Loud
the parent isotope is left. How old is this igneous rock?
20 Million years Choose the word that is nearly most opposite in
meaning to the Capitalized words.
43. The discipline which deals with the understanding and
61. Extenuate: Worsen
treatment of mental health is called: Clinical
62. Inadvertent: Intentional
psychology
63. Ornate: Blemished
44. Overcooking of food should be avoided because
64. Flagitious: Meritorious
overcooking: reduces nutritive value of food
65. Malediction: Blessing
45. Optical fiber operates on the principle of: Total
66. Brusque: Gracious
internal reflection
67. Verdant: Arid
46. The sensation of skin is perceived by: Epidermis
68. Epicurean: Ascetic
47. The loudness of sound depends on this: Wavelength,
69. Quiescent: Active
Frequency, Amplitude, All of these
70. Loquacious: Reticent
48. A person standing in from of a mirror finds his image
smaller than him and erect. This implies that the
mirror is: concave

PMS General Knowledge Paper

2012
1. Which of the following is the landlocked? Uganda
2. Tehrir Square is situated in? Cairo
3. Benghazi is a city in: Libya
4. River Nile originates from: Lake Victoria
5. Greenwich is located in: England
6. Canton is a city in: China
7. Indonesia and Malaysia are separated from::
Malacca Strait
8. Capital of Zimbabwe is: Harare
9. Myanmar is the new name of: Burma
10. Morocco and Spain are separated by: Strait of
Gibraltar
11. The apex elected body in Israel is called: Knesset
12. Communist Revolution took place in Russia the
month of : October
13. Pulitzer is an American Awarded in the file of:
Letters and journalism
14. The name of US Envoy for Afghanistan and
Pakistan is: Marc Grossman
15. The De facto means: actual, as a fact
16. Carte Blanche means: Full discretionary powers
17. Corrigendum mean: things to be corrected
18. Faux pas means: False and incorrect step
19. Fifth Column refers to: : Treachery
20. Pediatrics refers to: Care of children
21. Pythagoras, geometrician belonged to Greece
22. Asian Drama: an Inquiry into the Poverty of Nations
was written by: Gunnar Myrdal
23. Tolstoy was the author of famous novel: War and
Peace
24. Which of the following ranks in the air force is higher?
Air Commodore
25. The headquarter of WTO is at: Geneva
26. International Court of Justice is sits at: Hague
27. Heat received by the Earth from the Sun is known as:
Solar Heat
28. The cheapest source of electricity radiation is: Hydel

Solved Past Papers
29. Largest Political Agency in Pakistan tribal area in
terms of area is: South Waziristan
30. Lowari Pass connects: Dir with Chitral
31. From Karachi farthest point on the coastal highway
is: Jiwani
32. Circumference of the Earth is around: 40000 km
33. The deepest point in the Pacific Ocean is:
Mariana trench
34. Mount Kilimanjaro is located in: Tanzania
35. Suez Canal links the following seas: Red sea with
Mediterranean
36. Khojak Pass is located between: Quetta and
chaman
37. Nearest part atmosphere to earth is called:
Troposphere
38.Colosseum, an amphitheatre was built in: Rome
39. Special theory of relativity was proposed by:
Albert Einstein
40. Isaac Newton gave: Laws of Motion and Laws
of Gravitation
41. Composition of Alchemy is written by: Jabir bin
Hayan
42. The book Al Qanun fi al Tib is written by: Abu Ali
Sina
43. Chile has the longest shore along: Pacific Ocean
44.GDP in Pakistan is growing at the rate of: 5.2 %
45. Agriculture is the key sector in Pakistan economy
accounts for: 21% GDP
46.The earth is more close to the sun in: January
47. Time required for a computer to locate and transfer
data is called: Access time
48. A device which encodes characters by the
depression of keys is known as: Keyboard
49.Mixture of two metals is called: Alloy
50.The area inside a computer frame and auxiliary
where data and instructions are stored is called:
Memory
51. An extremely small piece on which integrated
circuits are fabricated are called: Chip
52. The time taken by light to reach the Earth is: 8
minutes 15 seconds
53. The shape of our Milky Way galaxy is: Spiral
54. The coldest planet of solar system is: Neptune
55. BIMAN is an airline of: Bangladesh
56. 38th Parallel line is a boundary line between:
South and North Korea
57. Oxygen by volume has a presence in the atmosphere
of about: 21%
58. The brightest planet in the solar system is: Venus
59. The planet with shortest daytime is: Jupiter
60. Insulin in human body is produced in: Pancreas
61. Dynamite was discovered by: Alfred Nobel
62. How far is the Dead Sea before Mediterranean?
400 meters
63. Laws of Heredity were discovered by: Mendel
64.Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Dr. Abdus
Salam in the year: 1979
65. The longest river is located in: Africa
41
Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
66.The highest mountain peak Mount Everest has been
named after Col. George Everest who was: Surveyor
General of India
67. Christopher Columbus who discovered America was:
Italian
68. The annual average flow of water in Indus River
system is: 110 MAF
69.The single biggest hydel power generating site is
situated in: China
70. The US congress and Senate raised the debt limit of US
government by: $100 billion
71. IMF and World Bank are created through: Breton
Woods Agreement
72. Moorish Kingdom of Granada (Spain) surrendered to
Christians in the: 1492
73. The president of Yugoslavia/ Serbia who was
indicated and tried by War Criminal Tribunal was:
Slobodan Milosevic
74. Who was not a member of the 1st Cabinet of Pakistan:
Hussain Shaheed Suharwardy
75. President of Syria Bashar Al Assad is by faith a: Alavi
76. The US president Barack Obama’s father was:
Kenyan
77. Blind Dolphins are found in: Ganges River
78. The Captain of Pakistan Cricket team which defeated
England at the Oval in 1954 was: Abdul Hafeez
Kardar
79. The first Olympic Gold Medal for Pakistan was in the
Summer Olympic games of: 1960
80. When Ayub Khan took overpower in 1958, the Prime
Minister of Pakistan was: Malik Feroz Khan Noon
81. The First International Flight taken by PIA was taken
on: 1st Feb 1955
82. The present Deputy Chairman of Planning
Commission is: Ahsan Iqbal
83.The present Secretary General of UN is from:
Portugal
84. The cash balance of company is more than cash
balance of US: Apple
85. After the conquest of Punjab, Britishers constituted a
three member Board of Administration for governing
the Punjab. Indicated who was not the member among
the followings: Robert Montgomery
86. The father of modern Science Fiction is: H.G. Wells
87. The office of District Magistrate was abolished
through: Amendments in the Code of Criminal
Procedure
88. Indian Railway started operation: 1853
89. First international Olympic Games were held in
Greece in 1896 in the month of: April
90. The one who won grand slam in tennis twice: Rod
Laver
91. Hanging gardens in Babylon were located in modern
day: Iraq
92. First Satellite Sputnik 1 was launched in October 1957.
Indicate the date. 4 October
93. The celebrated scientist Isaac Newton was: British
94. Turnip is a root described as: Fusiform
95. Penicillin was discovered by: Alexander Fleming

96. On 18th May 1974 India exploded first nuclear
devise under code name of: Operation Smiling
Buddha
97. The poetry first written by Allama Iqbal in Persian
and then translated in Urdu on popular demand:
Armaghan-e-Hijaz
Solved FPSC Assistant Director Federal Government
Organization (Intelligence Bureau) Paper 2015
Engligh: Substitute Of The Meaning:
1.One who loves man kind ? Philantropist
2.A person who is womanish in his habits ? Effeminate
3.A person who is interested in antiquities ?Antiquarian
4.The act of violating the sanctity of church ? Sacrilege
5.A decision on which one cannot go back? Irrevocable
6. A person who is very fond of sensuous enjoyments ?
Epicure
7.An insect with many legs ? Centipede
8. Honourably discharged from service? Emeritus
9.Study of insect is ?Entomology
10.One who is well versed in any subject critical judge of
any art ,particularly fine arts ?Veteran
Alternative:
11. ABHORRENCE :Hatred And Disgust
12.Spurious: Not Genuine
13.Sagacious: Showing Good Judgment
14. Implacable :That Cannot Be Appeared
15. Delinquent :One Who Fails In Duty
16.Redundant:Superfluous
17. indolence: Laziness
18. Catastrophe : Disaster
19.Ameliorate: To Improve
20.Appaling : To Improve
General Knowledge:
21.The chief administrative office of UNO which
coordinates and supervises the activities of UNO is: The
Secretariat
22.The first women to climb the Mt. Everest was: Junko
Taibei
23.The five intertwined rings , or circles on the white flag
made up of white silk are : From Left To Right Blue ,
Yellow, Black, Green And Red
24.The company that has acquired interest in different
industries by taking over or merging with other
companies is called :Conglomerate
25.The first Indian and Asian to receive the noble prize in
physics was: C.V.Raman
26.The first lady prime minister of a country was :
Srimavo Bhadarnaike (Srilanka)
27.What is the name of France parliament: National
Assembly
28.The Nobel prize for literature 2013 was awarded :Alice
Munro
29. The nobel prize in physics 2013 was awarded to :
Francois Englert & Peter W. Higgs
30. The chemical name of Vitamin B is : Thiamine
31. The economic crisis of 1930s originated in :Usa
32. Hobsin’s choice : Giving No Choice At All
33.The country having the highest GDP in the world
:Qatar
34.Rand is the currency of: South Africa
35.Bastille day is the commemoration of the storming of
bastille fortress –prison which was seen as a symbol of the
revolution uprising in : France
42
98. The book “Indian Musalmans” Published in 1971 was
written by: William Wilson Hunter
99.Indian Rebellion of 1857 began on 19th May from the
town of: Meerut
100.How many Sahaaba were martyred in Battle of
Badar? 14
36.The first president of Palastine authority Yasir Arafat
died on : 11th Nov 2004
37.which city is called the land of seven hills? Rome
38.America’s cup is situated with which of the following
sports : Yachting
39.ANSA is the news agency of : Italy
40. one mega byte is equal to : 1000000 Bytes
41. What is meant by EQUINOX? Day And Night Are
Equal
42. widow’s tears is the name of :Plant
43.For how many years did NELSON MANDELA remain
in prison? 27 Years
44. Who is called the father of French revolution ?
Rousseau
45.Brazuca is the name of : The Official Match Ball Of Fifa
World Cup 2014
46.The largest city by population in the great lakes region :
Chicago
47. an ordinary mobile phone communicates by using :
Radio Waves
48.What is meant by “ Laissez-faire’’? Noninterference Of
Govt In Economic Affairs
49. Servile is the opposite of: Haughty
50. the number of working children according to ILO
estimates in developing countries is :250 Million
Math
51. If the number representing volume and surface area of
a cube are equal, then the length of the edge of the cube in
terms of the unit of measurement will be. 6
52. X =? 60.00
53. How many number upto 100 are divisible by 7? 14
54. The number of times in a day the Hour-hand and the
Minute-hand of a clock at right angles is. 24
55. Find the average 2a, -3a, 4a, 6a, 11a, 13a? 16.5a
56. 9999+8888+7777+? = 19700 36
57. A boy saves Rs. 4,56 the first month, Rs 3,82 the second
month, and the Rs. 5,06 the third month. How did he save
altogether? 13.44
58. 0.8 expressed as fraction is? 8/10
59. Which of the following equation is the largest? 21: 29
60. What is the total cost of 5 meters of cloth if 1 meter
costs Rs. 24, 50? 134.75 Rs
61. If 1 meter of cloth costs Rs. 528. What is the cost of 1 ?
880 Rs
62. 3 written as a fraction? 3. 72
63. One billion is equal to? 100 Crores
64. What is the set of all prime numbers from 60 to 80?
351
65. The solution of the equation x+a=b possible in a set of
natural number if A<B
66. Which of the following number is correct for 26, 29, 39,
* 52, 53 42
67. A number is increased by 20% and then decreased by
20%, the final value of the number. Decreases By 4%

Solved Past Papers
68. What comes now for 11, 21, 32, 43, 54, 65 ,…… 76
69. Saeed receives a commission of Rs. 25 for every rs. 250
worth of merchandise he sells. So the percentage of his
commission is: 10%
70. What is the mean proportion of 0.32 and 0.02? 0.08
Science
71. The skull contains 22 Bones
72. The body system responsible for controlling different
bodily function is Nervous System
73. Which part of the brain is the seat of intelligence,
memory association, imagination will? Cerebrum
74. The breathing and heart rate is controlled by Medulla
Oblongata
75. A relay station that communicates the impulse from
one nerve cell to another is Synapse
76. The nervous system is concerned with Regulation Of
Internal Environment And Responding To External
Environment Through Sense Organs
77. The nerve endings present in papillae of skin under
epidermis for touch are called Missioners Corpuscles
78. The total refractive power if eye lens is 15 Diopters
79. The lens system focuses the image of an object on
Retina
80. The Image created on retina in eye is Small, Real
And Inverted
Pakistan Affairs
81. When the first battle for the freedom of Jammu and
Kashmir was fought? 1930
82. The freedom movement of Kashmir was organized and
led by Sheikh Abdullah And Ch. Ghulam Abbas
83. Name of last Hindu ruler of Sub- continent: Raja
Prithvi Raj
84. The river Indus, Jhelum and Chenab flow into Pakistan
from which state? Jammu And Kashmir
FPSC Inspector ASF (Airport Security Force) Paper
2015)
English
What is most suitable phrase?
1. Against one’s grain___: against one’s nature
2. At one’s beck and call___: at one’s service
3. Bad blood___: ill feeling
4. A dark house___: an unknown genious
5. To cut the Gordian knot___: to solve difficult problem
in a bold manner
6. To hit below the belt___: to make an unfair attack
7. To pay ducks and drakes with money___: to squander
money
8. On the spur of the moment___: without getting any
time to think
9. To take bull by the horns___: to face danger
10. To win laurels___: to win an honour
Tick the correct spelling
11. Deceive
12. Receipt
13. Embarrassed
14. Vacuum
15. Satellite
Select the alternative
16. Daunt___: overpower
17. Exorbitant___: Excessive
18. Pertinent___: relevant
19. Voracious___: greedy
20. Remorse___: repentance
General knowledge
21. The committee of the Norwegian parliament awards the
prize for___: peace
43
Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
85. Who was the ruler of Kashmir at the time of partition?
Hari Singh
86. Sultan Qutub-ud-Din Aibak was: First Muslim
Ruler Of South Asia
87. The founder of Lodhi dynasty was: Behlul Lodhi
88. Feroz Shah Tughluq became Sultan of India in the
year: 1351 A.D.
89. Who was the first ruler of Lodhi family? Behlul Lodhi
90. Headquarters of Paksitan Army is located in
Rawalpindi
Islamiyat
91. Hazrat Muhammad (SAW) went to Syria with Abu-
Talib at the age of 12
92. The Holy Prophet was born in the month of Rabi-Ul-
Awwal
93. Name the foster mother (s) if the Holy Prophet (SAW)?
All Of Them
94. How many months prior to the birth of Hazrat
Muhammad (SAW), Hazrat Abdullah Ibn-e-Abdul Matalib
died? Six
95. How many years after the birth of Holy Prophet
(SAW), Hazrat Aamina died? Six
96. The Holy Prophet was a direct descendant of_______
Hazarat Ismael (As)
97. Name the person whose house became the centre of
preaching of Islam? Hazrat Arqam (Ra)
98. When did the second migration to Habshah take place?
615 Ad
99. When did the event of the social bycott of Banu takes
place? 7th Year Of Nabvi
100. Hajr e Aswad means: Black Stone
.
22. The date of operation of first open heart surgery in India
was___: July6, 1959
23. The element of an electric stove made___: nicrome
24. The blood pressure of a young male human being is ___:
120/80
25. The first Winter Olympic Games were held at___:
Chamonix (France)
26. The electron was first identified by___: J.J. Thompson
27. The conservation hawks and owls is important to
mankind chiefly because these
birds eat___: many harmful rodents
28. The best way to tackle local environmental problem is
to___: provide environmental
education to the local people and create
awareness
29. The first attempt in printing was made in England
by___: William Caxton
30. The first foreigner to receive Bharat Ratna was___:
Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
31 Indian Rebellion of 1857 War of independence on 10th
May from the town of___:
Merruit
Islamiat
32. How many Sahaba were martyred in battle of Badar?
___: 7
33. Which of the following is the land locked country___:
Uganda
34. Tehrir Square is situated in___: Cairo
35. Binghazi is a city of___: Libya
36. River Nile originates from___: Lake Victoria
 44

Solved Past Papers Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017

37. Green which is located in___: England 61. Which choice supply the missing figure in the following
38. Masjid Zu Qiblatain is situated in___: Madina series? 48, 45, 40, 33, 24….
39. Who was a Historian, Justice, philosopher as well as : ___: 13
Politician? ___: Abdur Rehman 62. Akber sold his old gun Rs. 2500 which he was bought for
Bin Khaldun Rs. 2500. what is his %?
40. Which Surah of Quran has Bismillah twice___: Al
Namal Loss? ___: 64%
41. In France, the Bastille Day is celebrated on___: 14 July 63. Ali sold his old car Rs. 43,000. He was bought it for Rs.
42. What is the new name of Leningrad? ___: St. 50,000 What is his
Petersburg Percentage loss? ___: 14%
43. If there were no atmosphere what would be the colour of 64. A boy had twice as many sums wrong as right. If he had
the sky___: Black 25 suns in all, how many of
44. ‘White goods’ are___: Durable consumption goods Were wrong. ___: 16
45. “Our sweetest songs are those that tell us of saddest 65. 100/100000= ? ___: 0.001
thoughts.” These words are 66. A boy deposited Rs. 300 in the saving bank which pays
Attributed to.___: Shelley an interest of 5 ½%.
46. The 1st Asian Secretary General of United Nations was: How much interest will be get in one year? ___: 16.5
___: U- Thant 67. What is 2% of 400? ___: 8
47. The author of the “New deal” was.___: Presidant 68. Find the positive square root of 2025. ___: 15
Rooseveit 69. One side of the rectangle is 22 feet, which of the following
48. What is the total area of Australia? ___: 7,891,000 Sq. could be the perimeter of
km The rectangle? ___: 54 feet
49. ASEAN was formed in: ___: 1967 70. Find the interest on Rs. 300, for 2 ½ years at 4% per
50. Decibel is unit used for: ___: Intensity of sound year? What is the amount at the
Math Of 2 ½ years? ___: Rs. 30, Rs. 330
51. If a sum on compound interest three times in 4 years, Science
then with the same interest rate, 71. A hydrophone is: ___: An instrument to detect
The sum will become 27 times in: ___: 12 years sound under water
52. The least number of complete years in which a sum of 72. The voice of a mosquito is quite distinct from that of lion
money put out at 20% because: ___: The
compound interest will be more than doubled is: ___: 4 Frequencies of two sounds differ widely
53. A man Borrows Rs. 2550 to be paid back with compound 73. The musical notes having frequencies of 300, 400, and
interest at the rate of 4% 500are sounded
Per annum by the end of 2 years in two equal yearly Simultaneously. Find the frequencies that will e heard by
installments, How many will the year: ___: 100
Each installment be? ___: Rs. 1352 , 200, 300, 400, 500
54. What Annual payment will discharge a debt of Rs. 1025 74. If the intensity of one sound is 10 times the intensty of
due in 2 years at the rate of another, the two sounds differ
5% compound interest? ___: Rs. 551.25 By: ___: 1 bel
55. A sum of money placed at compound interest doubles 75. According to Laplace sound travel in air as: ___:
itself in 5 years .it will amount Logitudinal wave motion
To eight times itself at the same rate of interest in; ___: 76. Velocity of sound at 0C in air is approximately: ___:
15 years 332 meters/second
56. A man borrows Rs 12500 at 20% compound interest. At 77. Which of the following does not affect the reverberation
the end of every year he time of a room?
Pays Rs. 2000 as part repayment. How much does he : ___: Frquency
still owe after three such 78. A tunning fork having a frequency of 300 has a
Installment? ___: none of these wavelength of 4 ft. The Velocity of
57. If the area of a rectangular plot increases by 30% while Sound in air will be: ___: 1200 ft/second
its breadth remains,same 79. When a stone is dropped into a lake from the top of a
What will be the ratio of the areas of new and old tower 400 ft high. The impact
figures? ___: none of these Will be heard after how many seconds? ___: 5
58. A typist uses a sheet measuring 2ocm by 30cm 80. No sound can be heard in: ___: Complete vacuum
lengthwise. If a margin of 2cm is left Pakistan Affairs
On each side and a 3cm margin on top and bottom, then 81. Who set before Indian Muslims, the National goal which
percent of the page used for later came to be known as
Typing is: ___: 64 Pakistan? ___: Allama Iqbal
59. What will be the cost of gardening 1 meter broad 82. whose calm in 1930 made the Indian Muslims something
boundary around a rectangular plot more than a community a
Having perimeter of 340 meters at the rate of Rs. 10 per ‘nation’? : ___: Allama Iqbal
square meter? ___: Rs. 83. What was the fate of Abdullah bin hiyan? ___: Died in
3440 battle
60. 2 meters broad pathway is to be constructed around a 84. Muhammad bin Qasim on arriving Sindh established
rectangular plot on the inside. and controlled the Indus
The area of the plot is 96 sq. m. The rate of construction is Valley as for north as: ___: Multan
Rs. 50 per square meter. 85. The decisive battle between Raja Dahir and Muhammad
Find the total cost of the construction. ___: data Bin Qasim was fought on:
inadequate ___: 28th Oct 712

Book Reviews
86. Which son of Raja Dahir embaraced Islam? ___: Jay
Singh
87. Babul-ul-Islam is celebrated every year in Pakistan on:
___: 24th July
88. The one of trusted commanders of Muhammad Bin
Qasim was: ___: Hakim Shaibani
89. Sultan Muhammad Ghaznavi carried about seventeen
espeditions in India between:
___: 1000 to 1026
90. Muhammad Ghauri stabbed to death in: ___: 1206
A.D.
Islamiat
91. Sulaiman, the Magnificent was an: ___: Ottoman
Caliph
BOOK REVIEWS
The New Arab Wars: Uprisings and Anarchy in
the Middle East
Marc Lynch
New York: Public Affairs, 2016
Apart from the rather melodramatic disclosure of former
Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate (ISI) chief, Lt Gen (Retd)
Ahmed Shuja Pasha admitting that “log hamare thay,
operation hamara nahin thha” (the people involved in the 26/11
Mumbai attack were ours but the operation wasn’t the ISI’s),
Husain Haqqani’s new book on India-Pakistan relations hardly
contains novel academic research or much anecdotal reflection,
which could satiate the palate of sensation mongering
audiences here.
Starting in promising vein from Muhammad Ali Jinnah’s
March 1948 ‘beach-walk confidences’ shared with then US
ambassador to Pakistan Paul Alling, Haqqani mentions his
founding father’s lament about failure to establish ‘normal’
relations with India. His introductory chapter on why ‘we can
either be more than friends or become more than enemies’
provides a broad, if somewhat sketchy and selective historical
narrative, of how conflict evolved in both countries.
Moving to ‘Kashmir’ as ‘Pakistan’s Jugular Vein’, Haqqani
talks of ‘lack of strategic thinking’ ‘on part of Pakistan’s soldiers
and military planners’, as also ‘their circumscribed knowledge
of history’, which made them ‘reject partial solutions’ when
offered. He also blames India for ‘promising, then putting off,
and finally cancelling a UN-organised plebiscite in Jammu and
Kashmir’ ‘sixty years ago’, persisting ‘human rights violations
and the extensive militarization’ there. Since then, Haqqani
believes, ‘Pakistan has been strong in rhetoric without
appearing to have a well-considered’ plan B, ‘once Kashmir
was engulfed by militancy during the 1990s’. Without openly
acknowledging State sponsorship here, Haqqani does
grudgingly admit that ‘moral or legal arguments
notwithstanding’, ‘proliferation of Kashmir-oriented jihadi
groups such as Lashkar-e-Taiba and Jaish-e-Muhammad have
eaten away support for Pakistan’s position internationally’.
Perhaps his own travails in his short-lived role as Pakistan’s
ambassador to the US after the `Memogate’ catastrophe in
May 2011 (a controversy revolving around a memorandum
addressed to Admiral Mike Mullen, ostensibly drafted by
45
Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
92. The Mongols defeated: ___: The Abbasids
93. Bait-al-Hikam was established by: ___: Harun al-
Rashid
94. Carl Brockeimann is the author of: ___: History of
Islamic People
95. The Ottoman dynasty fell in: ___: 1924
96. Musaliama al Kazzab was: ___: False Prophet
97. Sulyman, he magnificent invaded Vienna in: ___: None
98. “History of Medieval Islam” was written by: ___:
Sunders
99. Armistics between Turkey and Allies too: ___: 1919
100. Kamal Mustafa was born in the town of: ___:
Salonika
Haqqani, seeking help of the Obama administration in the
wake of the Osama bin Laden raid to avert a military takeover
of the civilian government in Pakistan), lead him to aver that
‘any Pakistani suggesting normalization of ties with India,
preceding a final settlement over Kashmir, runs the risk of
being dubbed a traitor’.
Talking of Pakistan’s nuclear quest (Chapter 3), Haqqani
narrates the interesting experience of an American journalist,
Peter Landesman, who came across a slightly depressed Brig
Amanullah, head of Pakistan’s Military Intelligence in Sindh.
Amanullah not only wanted to nuke Indian cities – Delhi,
Bombay, Calcutta (Pages 70-71) but who expected India’s
reprisal, destroying Lahore and Karachi.
This would result in massive deaths but enable children of
both nations to make a fresh start! (Article in The Atlantic: `A
modest proposal from the Brigadier’, March: 2002). The
military officer was adamant about using the nuclear option as
he saw India as the font of all Pakistan’s problems. Haqqani
suggests that a similar mind set still prevails among Pakistan’s
top security planners. To buttress his argument, he refers to
Pakistan’s Adviser to the Prime Minister on Foreign Affairs
Sartaj Aziz’s March 2016 statement averring ‘India, not
terrorism, is the biggest threat to the region and urging India
to reduce its stockpile before Pakistan could reciprocate’.
Unlike scientists in other countries who avoid politics,
Haqqani contends, Pakistani nuclear scientists ‘became active
proponents of Islamic and anti-Indian state ideology’. While
serving as Adviser to Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto in 1996,
Haqqani met Dr AQ Khan when the latter was ‘aspiring for
Pakistan’s highest civilian award, Nishan-e-Imtiaz, which he
was later awarded’, in August 1996. Khan told Haqqani ‘he had
not been honoured enough and should have been elevated to
Presidency for life’.
Haqqani flags ‘a bit of James Bond stuff’ wherein Pakistan’s
Ambassador to Germany Jamshed Marker openly reminisced
about Pakistan’s well known clandestine nuclear procurement
endeavours to diplomatic correspondent, Mariana Baabar. He

Book Reviews
tellingly points out, ‘for Pakistanis, deception and violation of
other countries’ laws in this nuclear quest to equal India
became a matter of pride’.
Haqqani says clearly that serving Pakistani troops crossed
the Line of Control in Kargil in 1999. Benazir once told
Haqqani that Pervez Musharraf had come to her with a similar
plan in 1995 when he was Director General, Military
Operations (DGMO), but she had shot it down. Haqqani is less
certain ‘whether, in 1999, Nawaz Sharif mistakenly signed off
on the venture or was never fully informed of its scope’.
The chapter on ‘Terrorism = Irregular Warfare’ narrates old
facts and cites secondary data to recount known positions.
Haqqani does acknowledge though, that ‘ideologically
motivated jihadi militancy is not a tap that can be turned on or
off by governments at will’. Throughout the 1990s, Pakistani
official media encouraged discussion of Ghazwa-e-Hind’ hadith
(practices and interpretations of Koran) as a justified way to
motivate jihadists. Today, Haqqani points out, many
Pakistanis realise that the country’s embrace of terror as
strategy has rebounded, endangering lives of Pakistanis,
engendering lawlessness and making Pakistan ‘a potential
international pariah’. ‘Still, Pakistan’s generals remain
fundamentally wedded to the idea of irregular warfare’.
Haqqani notes that ‘in Pakistan’s case, treating India just as
a neighbour has proved difficult because of India’s centrality to
Pakistan’s identity as a separate nation’. The ISI’s view
remains that ‘jihadi terrorism only counters the R&AW’s
operations to weaken Pakistan’s ideology’. As long as this belief
Responding to China’s Rise: U.S. and EU
Strategies
Vinod K. Aggarwal and Sara A. Newland, ed.
This book is a collection of papers edited by Vinod K.
Aggarwal and Sara A. Newland. The experts attempt to
tackle questions regarding China’s rise in the current
political and economic system regarded as a triumph of
liberalism, democracy and capitalism led by the United
States and other Western countries. The rise of China has
disturbed the system and countries in the European Union
and the United States are faced with the dilemma how to
respond to it. The book comprises of four sections, the first
gives a brief introduction of China’s economic and political
rise and how it challenges the existing order. The second
section describes the historical perspective of China’s rise.
The third part gives the Chinese perspective about China’s
current rise. The fourth section talks about European and
American responses to China’s emergence, as well as the
implications of China’s rise for U.S.-EU relations.
The first section gives a brief introduction of China’s
importance in global politics and trade. It brings in
empirical evidence to understand the current rise of China
and its political implications for the U.S. and the EU.
Although both share common concerns, they differ in their
approaches towards China. U.S. concerns are centered
around geopolitics, while the EU is challenged with domestic
instability.
The second section that covers two chapters by David
C. Kang and Yuan-kang Wang gives a historical perspective
of China’s rise. Kang in China, Hegemony, and Leadership in
East Asia believes that it is not correct to draw analogy
between China’s current rise with Germany’s ascendance in
the Nineteenth Century since Germany was never as
46
Weekly Analysis May 4th 2017
exists, ‘that Pakistan must undermine India before India does
the same to Pakistan; it is unlikely that terrorism will stop
being an issue in the subcontinent’.
Dwelling on ‘The shrinking space for Friendship’ in his last
chapter, Haqqani reiterates, the India-Pakistan relationship
has become a victim of two parallel and contending
nationalisms’. Under the military’s influence, Pakistani
nationalism has evolved as ‘anti-Indianism’. Indians too are to
blame, as they ‘insist on describing Pakistani identity as
inherently communal’, and, according to Haqqani, ‘constantly
reiterate the need to dispute the two-nation theory’. ‘This puts
Pakistan on the defensive instead of making it feel respected
and self-confident’.
Haqqani ends with an evocative reference to Fehmida Riaz’s
poem, ‘Tum Bilkul Hum Jaise Nikle’ (you turned out just like
us), though he cites only its English translation, by Shabana
Mir. It is a pity, perhaps, that Haqqani penned this book in
haste. In many ways, it is a disappointing work. One hopes it
will not detract from his standing as an academic of repute,
which was justifiably predicated on his two previous
outstanding works: ‘Pakistan: Between Mosque and Military’
(Carnegie Endowment, 2005) and ‘Magnificent Delusions-
Pakistan, the United States, and an Epic History of
Misunderstanding’ (Public Affairs Books, 2013). Still, for
Pakistan enthusiasts it may be worth a read.
(By Rana Banerji: Published in Institute of Peace
and Conflict Studies, India)
powerful as China has been; and China’s neighbours have
accepted its dominance unlike Germany’s (pp.31-37). He also
compares China and the former Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics (USSR). Despite intense competition, China, he
believes does not pose an economic, military or ideological
threat to U.S. supremacy since its rise was made possible
when it opened up its economy and embraced the market
principles enunciated by it. Moreover, East Asian countries
have more economic stakes with China, thus, have not
reacted against it. However, if China continues its assertive
position, it can cause anxiety to its neighbours compelling
them to ally against it (pp.39-43). In the chapter by Yuan-
kang Wang, the notion of ‘Chinese exceptionalism’ has been
challenged. Wang asserts that under the Ming Dynasty,
China’s regional hegemony was maintained by its military
might. This ‘exceptionalism’ was not because of its shared
beliefs or cultural norms, rather because of its military
superiority. The author exposes myths about Chinese
‘exceptionalism’ through case studies. First, the myth that
China is not expansionist is exposed by discussing the
repeated attacks against the Mongols, annexation of
Vietnam and maritime power projection (pp.54-59).
Secondly, he argues that the seven voyages of Admiral Zheng
He were not peaceful, rather he used military force as a
‘power projection tool’ to compel/‘shock and awe’ others into
submission. This contributed to Chinese expansion beyond
the Ming areas (pp.59-62). Another myth regarding
‘exceptionalism’ is that Chinese military strategy was
defensive in nature and not offensive. Wang negates the idea
and suggests that defence was pursued only when offensive

Book Reports
Urdu Reviews& Programs
power declined. The Great Wall which epitomises defence
was a product of insufficient offensive capabilities (pp.62-
65). Lastly, he rejects the notion that China served as a
cultural and political leader in East Asia. Instead, he argues
that military superiority contributed to the position China
held in the region. Thus, it was power and not historical or
cultural legacy that shaped China’s foreign policy (pp.65-70).
The third section of the book moves beyond history and
follows a more theoretical path. The chapter by Jisheng Sun
The Construction of Uncertainty and Threat: Theoretical
Debates on China’s Rise begins with tracing the authenticity
of Chinese intellectual Zheng Bijian’s concept of ‘China’s
Peaceful Rise’ (p.79). This concept carries discursive
significance and creates a social reality advocated by the
Chinese. However, Americans perceive China as a threat and
have adopted an aggressive and competitive posture, which
in turn threatens China. Thus, the skepticism is mutual with
doubts on both sides impacting Sino-U.S. relations. Thus, the
U.S. needs to downplay the China threat theory as it has
potential to become a ‘self-fulfilling prophecy’ as highlighted
by Joseph Nye and merely increase the probability of
conflict. In order to develop friendly relations, both need to
resort to ‘constructive language and actions’ (p.95). The
chapter Rising China: Political Leadership, Foreign Policy,
and ‘Chineseness’ by Yinhong Shi bridges the historical
approach with the current Sino-U.S. relationship. He
clarifies the term ‘Chinesesness’ - distinctive Chinese
characteristics developed over the years and how it shapes
the Chinese foreign policy today (p.99). This term is a mix of
equality and hierarchy in China’s relations vis à vis other
great powers. He suggests that relations with the U.S. should
be based on coexistence, with China checking U.S. power and
gaining greater shared responsibility in international
affairs. This can be done by the U.S. relinquishing its military
dominance to China’s military parity in East Asia (pp.99-
110).
The fourth section of the book deals with the
contemporary Sino-U.S. and China-European relations with
a focus on economic and security
policies. The sixth chapter U.S.-China Economic Integration
and its Implications for U.S. Policy in the Taiwan Strait by
Scott L. Kastner makes a link between global economic trade
and its prospects for peace. The burgeoning trade and its
‫ٓسپیکبات‬.I
‫بھ‬
‫رعموفزجتہیاکرمجنیھٹیسےنویج ےکرپورگاماسپیکباتںیموگتفگرکےتوہےئاہکہکدنہواتسنںیمیھباسوحاےلےسثحبڑھچیئگےہہکل وش نےک ےلئسرپای‬
‫ک‬
‫وہبےہویکہکنوہاجتاسباترپزوردےرےہںیہہکورہوےنریمشکاک ہلئسااوامہدحتہ‬
‫دنہواتسنوکایئیسےجاجبااچےئہاھتہکںیہنویکہکناسےسریمشکاکسیکزمکور ا‬
‫ک‬
‫اجبوتوعاماےکسالخفوہاجیتہکاپےنایایاورویکرکن‬
‫تویکںاجےندباویکہکنوہاجتانےکےلگڑپاوہاےہ۔نکیلاھبرتیکوسچہیےہہکارگوہایئیسےجہن ا‬
47
Weekly Analysis May 4thth2017
May17 2017
effects on U.S.-China relations is measured with the variable
of the Taiwan issue. He writes that interdependence between
the U.S. and China has affected the U.S. policy options
towards Taiwan. Few issues are significant: the visit by U.S.
governors to Taiwan and U.S. Senate advocacy for weapons
sale to it and membership in the U.S. Senate Taiwan Caucus.
Kastner gives a quantitative analysis of the dependence of
various American states on China and concludes that
increased economic ties have not deterred conflict in terms of
Taiwan (pp.113-126). Chapter seven by Jonathan Holslag
explores the same correlation of conflict and economic
interdependence. He concludes that economic
interdependence has actually led to increased prospects of
conflict as both try to defend their markets. The economic
policies adopted in this endeavour have been contrary to the
liberal economic order. He gives several reasons for the
increasing tensions, from China supporting its domestic
firms over the Europeans to Europe’s concerns about its
economy in the wake of the financial crisis. Lastly, he
discusses the views held by China and EU towards each other
which have deteriorated despite economic interdependence,
triggering a sense of ‘economic security dilemma’ (pp.131-
147). The last chapter China’s Rise: Towards a Division of
Labor in Transatlantic Relations by Øystein Tunsjø is
focused on the likely future with the U.S. balancing against
China’s rise, and the EU continuing to avoid it. The future
can be either multipolar with Asia as the centre or bipolar
with the U.S. and China collaborating on several issues. One
factor that can tilt these power plays would be whose side
Russia takes, the EU and U.S. or China (pp.151-170).
There is variation in perception of the U.S. and EU
towards China, with the former focused on global
repercussions of China’s rise, and the latter concerned with
China’s domestic stability and the effect on its economic
relationship with it. This variation hampers a unified
transatlantic approach towards China. These chapters
conclude that both history and current events have
contributed to China’s rise. The book is a good brief for
scholars concerned with China’s domestic and foreign policy.
Reviewed by Hudaa Khalid, Intern, Islamabad
Policy Research Institute (IPRI), Islamabad,
Pakistan.
‫ُاردورپورگامزاورروپرسٹ‬
‫ک‬
‫ک‬ ‫ک‬
 ‫‪48‬‬

‫‪Urdu Reports & Programs‬‬ ‫‪Weekly Analysis May 17th 2017‬‬

‫ک‬
‫اجبےہاھبریتایس‬ ‫پ پ‬
‫چوہرکےھٹیبرےہ۔ابایئیسےجںیماھبرتاہسراہیےلراہےہہکچجےکدوراندیقیڑکپےاجےتںیہوتانےکاسھتروہیایاایتخرای ا‬
‫ےئلہیسیکےلرک ایہکواہںرپوہوبابانون نشوکوک رکراہےہ۔نکیلںاہںرپ ہلئسہیےہہکوبابانون ناورایئیسےجیکودودہییھباتاوشیےہویکہکنبپااتسکنےن‬
‫ک‬ ‫ک‬
‫واحضوطررپاےنپداللئںیماہکےہہکچتدوونںاممکلراضدنمہنوہںوتاپوکیئسیکنسںیہنکساورا ھاچ یںیزج س ےساینرل لنشالمںیمبپااتسکنہ قفےہ‬
‫ک‬
‫نکیلاسںیمیھبہیسیکںیہنا ابےہ۔اسےئلںیماتھجمسوہںہکانڈبااکسیکزمکوراوربپااتسکناکسیکوبضمطےہ۔اسوحاےلےسمجنیھٹیسےنانباا ڈیاا ٹیاورایئیس‬
‫ک‬
‫ےجاورجزنماا ٹیاورارمنکیوگر ٹنمسیکیکلاث ںییھب شی ںیس ںیمارم اکےنجزنمیرہیوکرگراترایاھتاورچماع ہللا یماداتںیم ایوتارم اکےن‬
‫ک‬ ‫ک‬
‫یہیومفقاانپباہکہیاپیکدائزہامسعںیمںیہناوریرہیوکزساےئومتدنڈییھت۔مجنیھٹیساکانہکاھتہکایئیسےجاقوننوطررپوتاتاداتےہس ےکادنر‬
‫ک‬
‫ومرلااھتریٹےہرگمںیماتھجمسوہںہکانڈبااکسیکزمکوراوربپااتسکناکسیکوبضمطےہ۔اسوحاےلےسبپااتسکنانڈباےکاسھتبات پچرکاتکسےہ۔مجنیھٹیساکانہکاھت‬
‫یک‬
‫ہکبپااتسکنےنانڈباوکاتڈوزرئییھبدباےہس ںیمہیاہک ایاھتہکمہاپوکاولصنافا سیسدےنیوکایترںیہرگماپاساقیقحتتںیم مہاریدمدرکج ہکاسےکبپاس‬
‫وہدوبپاوپسر اہکںےساےئےھتاوروہایرکراہاھتائزانںیم۔اسھتیہاسھتمجنیھٹیسےنواحضایہکانڈبااکتہبائزوروسخےہاینرل لنشمٹسسںیمویکہکناسںیموج‬
‫باتایھچرظنںیہناریہوہہیہکایئیسےجےنراوتںراترئیہنلمکمرکےکہلصیفوفحمظرکایلہیایھچباتںیہناسےساتگلےہہکانیکوکششےہہکانڈباوکوخش‬
‫ک‬
‫ایاجےئ۔یلہپباتوتہیہکبپااتسکناکومفقہکایئیسےجسیکنسںیہناتکسارگوہاتہکےہہکمہنسکسںیہوترھپوسانچہیڑپےاگہکمہبااکیئ رکدج ۔مجنیھٹیساکہی‬
‫ک‬
‫یھبانہکاھتہکایئیسےجےکبپاسازگیویٹکیااھتریٹںیہنےہوہرکا ھیھبںیہناتکسےہرگمہیرضورےہہکوھتڑیتہباینرل لنشحطسرپاہنتیئئزداشرکباڑپیتےہاخصرک‬
‫انرپںیماہجںےلہپےسیہبپااتسکنےکالخفئزارپوڈنگیپاےہ۔ابدانھکیہیےہہکبپااتسکنےنوجداللئدیںیہایئیسےجںیموہسکوپزنشیرپاےتںیہ۔بین‬
‫افروقےکوسالہکایبپااتسکنیسکاوشیوکااوامہدحتہےساےگےلاجاتکسےہےکوجابںیممجنیھٹیساکانہکاھتہکااوامہدحتہےساےگیہیہا ھںیہننکیلااوامہدحتہںیم‬
‫یھب مہاریںیہنینساجیتےہ۔مجنیھٹیساکانہکاھتہکورڈلکنیباکاتوفرمےہس وکانڈبااور پبااتسکندوونںیہمیلسترکےتںیہاورواہںمہانڈباوکبا ڈیرکےنیکوکشش‬
‫یھبرکےتںیہاوراساجنےسںیمہرفیلییھب یتلےہرگمااوامہدحتہںیموکیئرفیلیںیہناوراسےساورپوکیئاینرل لنشادارہیھبںیہنےہ۔ںیماتھجمسوہںہکبپااتسکن‬
‫ک‬
‫اکاجیماانتااھچںیہنےہہکس یکوہجےسںیمہہیفیلکتوہیتےہاور مہاریاس ڈیےنیلوکیھبوکیئایترںیہن ا‬
‫وہبےہ۔مجنیھٹیساکہییھبانہکاھتہکداللئںیمہیانہکہکمہ‬
‫ک‬ ‫ک‬
‫ایھبزسارپدلمعرادمںیہنرککسںیہدرشںیہناسمسقےکداللئںیہندےنیاچےئہےھتنکیلوہاتکسےہہکاوہنںےنہیوساچوہہکانرپوےسییہزساےئومتےک‬
‫الخفےہوتوہانڈباوکیئکرفیلیہندنڈےاورشانڈںیماتھجمسوہںہک مہاراارادہیھبںیہنےہزسارپدلمعرادمرکےناکوتوہاتکسےہاسوہجےساشارہیھبدبااجراہےہ ۔‬

‫‪ .II‬اسپیکبات‬
‫بپاکاچانئاانککموکرنڈوربایسکیپےکبارےںیمولوگںوکا ھوکشکواہبشتاورااہبمیھبںیہوزئزامظعاوراچروںوزراےئایلعٰاچانئ ےئوہےئےھتوتا ھوسالائاھےئ‬
‫ ےئہکاجزونروڈونٹلیباکدصقمایےہ‪،‬ہی ‪6‬وکرنڈروزںیہاناکایدصقمےہانےکبارےںیماتبےتوہےئاتممززجتہیاکرمجنیھٹیسےناہکہکاچانئےکاٹسیوکش‬
‫اسوھتاچانئیسےساتلچوہاانڈنیاونیشےسرسینلااوررھپفلگہیوترپابارو ےہاساکوکیئدسبارہ مہزاراسلرپابارو ےہاچانئیکامتماجترتدنمسرےک‬ ‫ےسالمئا ٴ‬
‫ک‬
‫وہب اجراہےہوہ اسےیل ہک ارم اکےن اجبپان ‪،‬ارٹسایلی اور انڈبا ےک اسھت لرک وکششرکراہےہ ہکاچانئ ےکاس‬‫ذرےعیوہیتےہ وج ہک ابملراہتسےہ وج اب لکشمراہتس یھب ا‬
‫ک‬ ‫ک‬
‫راےتسںیمراکوںیٹڑھکییکاجںیئ‪،‬اچانئےکتہبباریخیاوررغجاایفیئانتزلاتںیہاسراےتسںیماجبپاناورونبامےکاسھتںیہاسےیلگدیش یر یتےہ۔ارگوکیئج‬
‫ک‬
‫وہاجب ےہ وت اچانئ اک اسرا لیت اور اجترت ایس راےتس ےس وہیت ےہ وت لکشم وہاجےئ ی وت اچانئ اک ی صر ے ےس وسچ راہ اھت ہک اور یھب راےتس وہےن‬
‫وہاجیت ےہ اور ہی راہتس دنب ا‬
‫ک‬
‫اچںیئہاینپامرسٹیکتراسیئےکےیلوتاچانئےناتوصنمہبوساچوجہکونٹلیباورونروڈےہ۔ہیٹلیب‪66‬اممکلوکچٹرکیتےہرٹنیسلاایشی‪،‬انرپ‪،‬بپااتسکنانڈبااور‬
‫درگی کلم ںیہ اور داین یک ‪33‬دصیف ادمین ںاہں ےس دیپا وہیت ےہ اور داین یک اسھٹ دصیف ابادی ان وکلمں ںیمر یت ےہ اور ہی تہب ئزی امرٹیکےہ اور ئزا ہسیپ ےہ اور اجترتوک‬
‫ئزاھےنےکےیلاچانئاک یصر ےےسہیوسچراہاھتاورہیابتمدلراہتسانببااجےئاوراسےکھچوکرنڈورںیمےسبپااتسکنواالیسکیپاساک ففاتروڈےہ۔ک الوکرنڈور‬
‫ک ک‬ ‫ک ک‬
‫اجبےہاوراٹھچوکرنڈور‬
‫اسوھتاٹسیاایشیت ا‬ ‫اجبےہ۔دورساروساوررٹنیسلاایشیرسیتاوکرنڈورےہانرپوچاھتوکرنڈورےہیسکیپبپاوچنج ںیموہ ٴ‬
‫وگنمایلےسروست ا‬
‫ےہدنمسریراہتس‪،‬ہی‪6‬وکرنڈورںیہاسرطح ےسہیٹلیبیتنبےہ۔اسوصنمےبںیماہجںاہجںوہاجںیئ ےگواہںانڈرٹسییھباگلںیئےگاوراروبںڈارلیکرسامہیاکری‬
‫ک‬
‫اگ‪،‬ہارےدرایمنڑلایئڑگھجےرشوعوہ ےئںیہہکہتپںیہنوکیئچاےنوایلےہرگم مہاریوھچیٹیستشیعمےک‬ ‫وہ ی ففیسکیپیہاچپساربڈارل کتالچاجےئ م‬
‫ک‬
‫ےیلہیتہبئزارپوٹکیجےہ مہارےبپاسواسلئںیہنںیہورہنمہہیوخدرکےتیلینعیجزاہنےہرگماسوکاکنےنلیکالصچںیہنےہ‪،‬اچانئاسرپاکمرکےاگشےسک ال‬
 ‫‪49‬‬

‫‪Urdu Reports & Programs‬‬ ‫‪Weekly Analysis May 17th 2017‬‬

‫ک‬
‫اناکوفسکےہارنیجوسرلےہوکلےہ‪،‬ڑسوکںاوررولیےاظنمےکدعبوہاینرناورکیبببگرکج ےگویمکیننشیکیکرضورتےہ‪،‬اپیکالصچئز اجےئ یاپیک‬
‫ک‬
‫دعماینتےکوحاےلےسوہدمدرکج ےگاورزراعںیماکمرکج ےگ‪،‬اپےکاظنموکوہامڈالیئزڈرکج ےگزونیمںیکئزیئزیرںیمقدج ےگ۔‬

‫‪ .III‬اسپیکبات‬
‫ک‬
‫ویج وینز ےکرپورگام اسپ یکبات مجن یھٹیسےک اسھت ںیمرحتت ااصنفےکافرنڈنفن سیک یک انشکیل نشیمک ںیمامسع ےک وحاےل ےس وپےھچ ےئ ات وسالےک‬
‫ک‬ ‫ک‬ ‫ک‬ ‫ک‬
‫رکبےہوتوہایخلںیہنرھکااسیکوہجہیےہہک‬
‫رھکےہاورچنگیلوکوکر ا‬ ‫رکبےہوتئزاایخل ا‬
‫وجابںیمرئنیسزجتہیاکرمجنیھٹیسےناہکہکڈیمباچرمعاناخنوکوکر ا‬
‫ک‬ ‫ک‬ ‫ک‬
‫ڈیمباوےسییھبوکحمےکالخفوہباےہ ااسیںیہنہکوہوننےکالخفےہوموجدہوکحمےکالخفےہبایقمیعناقحلیھبحیحصہہکرےہںیہاتاوروسالےکوجاب‬
‫وہاجےئاگ۔دورساانشپہیےہہکاخناصچوکیھبانشکیل ‪ serious‬ںیمرئنیسزجتہیاکرمجنیھٹیسےناہکہکنیتازنشپںیہاتوتہیےہہکونازرشفیزیمخںیہوہزمخ‬
‫نشیمکےکاےگاوررپسمیوکر ےکاےگاحرضیدینیڑپریہےہشانڈوہزیمخوہاجںیئرسیتاانشپہیےہونازرشفیےکزمخرھباجںیئاوررمعاناخنےکزمخےنبیہباں‬
‫ریماایخلےہدوونںیہوھچ اجںیئےگدوونںابااختنباتیکایترباںرکج ہیادا یتاکررواںایں متوہےنوکاریہںیہ۔اتاوروسالےکوجابںیمرئنیسزجتہیاکرمجن‬
‫ک‬
‫یھٹیسےناہکہکوسالوتاھٹ ےئںیہابرپسمیوکر ےنتہبیسںیزج اخناصچےسامنیلںیہاورایسرطےقیےکاسھتانشکیلنشیمکےنبار ںیخدےدیںیہہک‬
‫ک‬
‫ہیںیزج ےلرکاںیئںاہںیھبداتسوئزاتبانرکباڑپج ےگ اورواہںوتاتےجایئیٹ ھٹییئگےہرگمںیمہیاتھجمسوہںہکساییسوطررپہیںیہنوہاتکسےکونازرشفیبا‬
‫الہوہاجںیئاوررمعاناخنہنوہںاورہییھبںیہنوہاتکسہکدوونںباالہوہاجںیئاورافصزرداریبپارٹنمیلںیمااجںیئ۔ساییسوطررپربارحبا نانارطخ کاباکومڑرپ‬
‫ک‬
‫ارکڑھکاوہاجےئاگارگونازرشفیبارمعاناخنیکیٹھچوہیئگونازرشفی‪،‬رمعاناخناورزرداریتںانشکیلڑلج ےگاورانشکیلںیمایھچڑلایئوہ یاورمہتہبا ھقبس‬
‫ک‬
‫ںیھکیسےگےلھچپنیتاچراسلوجاگنہیماحالتںیمونازرشفیےنوکحمیکےہاسےسلبقونازرشفیاوررحتتااصنفےن لرکزرداریےکےئلاک یالکشمتدیپا‬
‫یک ںیھت ابرحتت ااصنفےن زلپیپبپاریٹ ےکاسھت لرک ان ےک اسھترکدباےہ۔ ات اور وسال ےک وجاب ںیم اوہنںےناہک ہک ارگ ااسیہلصیف ابا باواسی ہلصیف ابا اسےک‬
‫ک‬
‫اتنجئایوہںےگاقونناورانیئاپےنوتداھکیےہاسکلمیکبارخیںیماقونناورانیئےکاسھتےسیکالیھک ایرھپیھبوہاقونناورانیئر ےتںیہارگاقونناورانیئوک‬
‫ک‬
‫اامعتسلای ایےہیسکاتدصقمےکےئلےلہپامرلشالمےگلاساکوجاز شیرکےنےکےئلہیباہتخپسایشوہریہےہاورہیہنوہیتارگرسیتیبپاریٹہنایتزلپیپبپاریٹبان‬
‫ک‬ ‫ک‬
‫وہبوتاسمسقیکسایشہنوہیتویکہکندوونںےناتدورسےےکالخفاحمذانبےکئزےقبسےھکیسںیہافدئہیسکاکںیہنوہا۔رمعاناخنےنیھبربیخ‬ ‫گیلاکیہاھکہتالھک ا‬
‫ک‬ ‫ک‬
‫وتخپوخنا ںیموکحمرکےک دھکییلےہوہ اترحتت ےس امجعانبےن اجرےہںیہ شےسےلہپ ساییسیگتخپ زلپیپ بپاریٹ ںیم ایئےہاسےک دعب نگیل ںیماریہےہاور‬
‫دریھے دریھے رحتت ااصنف ںیم یھب ااجےئ ی ۔ دنلن ارئیوپر رپ ئزاطہین یک ل لنش رکامئ ایسنجی ےک یپ ایئ اے ےک ایطرے ےس ریہونئ ئزادم ی ےک دوعے ےک‬
‫یبکبی‬
‫وحاےلےسوپےھچ ےئاتوسالےکوجابںیمرئنیسزجتہیاکرمجنیھٹیسےناہکہکس رطےقیےسںیزج اپھچیئںیئگاسںیمیپایئاےیکانرئنیجنجڈیوج ن ںیہ‬
‫وہ یھبولمثےہ دودپسچل باںیتںیہ ات ہیہک چ یھباس مسقیک ںیزوہیتےہ ںیم وسچراہاھت ہکبک وکیئ اوکنائزیوہیئیسکوکزسا دییئگوکیئگنیگاھتس وک ئزش‬
‫ایےھجموت اچ ی وکیئربخرظنںیہن ایئ اور اتہمبابعیسےن اج اترپورگامںیم ہہک دباےہہکںاہںوت ااستحبیھبکںیہنوہا ات ارئیالرنئس ںیم یٹفیستہب رضوریےہ‬
‫ک‬
‫واہں اسمسق ےکگھٹ اور وچروں یکراسیئےہ اپےناچر بپاچنوااعقتذرک ےئکےنتک اےسی وہں ےگس اکذرکںیہن اباوج اکایمبوہ ےئںیمہںیہنہتپ رگم اج ت وکیئ‬
‫ک‬
‫اقیقحتتںیہنوہیئویکںںیہنوہیئایوکحمرکباںیہناچںیتہایئزےایلعٰحطسےکولگاسںیمولمثوہےتںیہمجنیھٹیساکانہکاھتہکابیپایئاےیکانا ناز یزبادہ‬
‫وبضمطوہیکچےہہکیسکےکالخفانشکیںیہنایلاجاتکسانا ندرایمنںیمااجیتںیہ‪،‬ساییسامجوتعںےنیھبیپایئاےوکالیٹسزلمیکرطحےسالچبا‪،‬ساییسرھبایتںیک‬
‫ںیئگس ےستہبزبادہاسخرےاکاس انرکباڑپایپیس یےکادنریھبارطخالمزمںیہےکاساکادنازہںیہنایاجاتکس‪،‬وسولوگںوکںیمےنافر ایویکہکنوہا ھاکمیہںیہن‬
‫ک‬ ‫ک‬ ‫ک‬
‫رکرےہےھت‪،‬ایسرطحنگیلےنیھباےنپاکرنکرھبیتےیکوہےئےھتاسرطحےکاداروںوکفزوچیھبرکبارھپااسنںیہنوہ ابویکہکنفزوچرھپ ےتسداومںیہ‬
‫رکباڑپیتےہ۔‬

‫اجش م ز‬
‫اہ ناخئزادہاسیکھت‬
‫اہ ناخئزادہاسیکھت ںیمزیمبانش م ز‬
‫اہ ناخئزادہےنرپورگامںیماانپزجتہی شیرکےتوہےئاہکہکبپااتسکناینرل لنشارئیالنئےکوحاےل‬ ‫ویجوینزےکرپورگام اجش م ز‬
‫ےساےئدنوکیئہنوکیئربخاعرظلامرپایتر یتےہرگماجاویمارئیالنئےکوحاےلےساےنوایلربخ ففاویمادارےیہںیہنوپریاومب ےئلباعرشم یئگےہ‪،‬یپ‬
‫ک‬
‫ایئاےیکرپوازیپےکریپوکاالسمابادےسدنلنیچنہپاورایسرپوازوکواسپدنلنےسالوہراجبااھترگمالتیشیکوہجےسرپوازدئزےسرواہنوہیئ‪،‬اجاسبا رییکوہجاسےن‬
‫ایئوتولعمموہاہکاسالفنےسریہونئئزادموہیئیھت‪،‬ئزاطونیل لنشرکامئایسنجیاورئزاطونیہمکحمداہلخےنیپایئاےےکایطرےےسریہونئئزادموہےناکدوعی ٰای‬
 ‫‪50‬‬

‫‪Urdu Reports & Programs‬‬ ‫‪Weekly Analysis May 17th 2017‬‬

‫م ک‬
‫وہبےہہکاسےک ےھچیوپرااترگوہوموجدےہ ےسڑکپباالزیمےہ۔ش م ز‬
‫اہ ناخئزادہےناتبباہکئزاطہین‬ ‫ہاہ ا‬
‫ےہ‪،‬ہیریہونئیسکگیبںیمںیہنڑپییھتاسےساصف ز‬
‫یکل لنشرکامئایسنجیےنایطرےےسیئکولکریہونئئزادمرکےناکدوعی ٰرکےتوہےئاہکےہہکماع ہلیکاقیقحتتاجریےہ‪،‬ئزاطونیبارڈرایسنجیاورل لنشرکامئایسنجیاک‬
‫ہی یھب انہکےہ ہک ایطرے ےس ریہونئ ئزادموہےن ےسقلعتم ئزاطہین اور بپااتسکن ںیم یپ ایئ اے اکحم وک ااگہرکدبا ایےہ ہک یپ ایئ اے اکحم اک انہکےہ ہک ئزاطونی اکحم یک‬
‫ک‬
‫اجن ےس اب ت ایطرے ےس ریہونئ ئزادم ی ےسقلعتم ااگہںیہنای ای ےہ‪ ،‬یپ ایئ اےےن اس وحاےل ےس ئزاطہین ںیم اکحم وکل د ھ دباےہرگمماع ہل اانت اسدہںیہن‬
‫ےہ‪ ،‬یپ ایئ اے ایطرے ےس ریہونئ یک ئزادم یب ےئل رھتیہو ارئیوپر رپ ارپنشیوہےئ‪،‬ریپ وکرھتیہو ارئیوپر رپ یپایئ اےیکالفن یپ ےک یچنہپوت ایلیٹنسنجولعمامترپ‬
‫ےلہپئزاطونیبارڈروفرسےناہجزوکھگزےںیمےلایل‪،‬رھپسیتسبکیشریٹارسیفزاہجزںیمدالخوہےئاورریہونئیکالتشںیمایطرےیکوتسشنںوکادڑیھا‪،‬رھپنچکںیم‬
‫ک‬ ‫ک‬
‫دب ای‪،‬اسےکالعوہئزاطونیبارڈرسبکیشریٹوفرسےکوھکیجےتکیھبایطرےںیموھکج‬ ‫التیشیلاوراساکرشحاگبڑدبا‪،‬ںاہںتہکاہجزےکوٹایلیسںیمومکڈزتوکااھکڑ ا‬
‫ک‬
‫رکےت رےہ‪ ،‬اس وھکج ےک دعب اہجز ےک ہیفخ وکونں ےس دیفس بپ ٴاوڈر لکن ابا‪ ،‬رھپ یپ ایئ اے ےک ریتہ اراکن ےک بپاوپسرسٹ طبض رک ےک یئک ےٹنھگ ت وپھچ یک یک یئگ‪ ،‬رھتیہو‬
‫ارئیوپر رپوجا ھوہاوہبپااتسکنب ےئلرشدنم یاکباعانب‪،‬رگموسالہیےہہکاویمارئیالنئوکاسترر لالںیمڈاےنلاکذد داروکنےہ‪،‬وکیئاتی صباوپرااترگوہ‬
‫ےہوجاسرسرگیمںیمولمثوہاگ‪،‬وسالےہہکریہونئسکرطحاہجزےکادنریچنہپاورسکےناچنہپیئاوراہجزےکوکونںںیماپھچیئ‪،‬االسمابادارئیوپر رپیپایئاےاک‬
‫ہمکحم انرئنیجن ‪ ،‬ایٹنی باروکسٹ وفرس ‪،‬ارئیوپر سبکیشریٹ وفرس اور زمٹسک ای رکرےہ ےھت‪،‬بپااتسکن زمٹسک ےن یپ ایئ اے ےک ایطرے ےس ایشنمت یک ئزادم ی یک اقیقحتت‬
‫رشوعرکدیےہ‪،‬ادتبایئقیقحتےکاطمقبہیاکمیسکاسمفزاکںیہناتگلےہ۔ش م ز‬
‫اہ ناخئزادہےناہکہکیپایئاےےکایطرےےسایشنمتئزادموہےناکہیک الوان ہںیہن‬
‫ےہامیضںیمیھباےسیوااعقتاسےناےترےہںیہ‪،‬زگہتشاسلوسہلاتسگوکیپایئاےےکااٹسفربمموکفلتخمالفسٹئےکدورانسیتولکریہونئاگنلگمسےکازلام‬
‫بی‬
‫ںیم ایٹنی باروکسکٹ وفرسےن رگراترای‪ ،‬اسےسےلہپ ‪42‬یئم ‪4606‬موکالوہر ےسانرپ اجےنواےل ایطرے وک میی بیسب ےئل پچای ایوت ایطرے ےس اتسسیئولک‬
‫رگامریہونئئزادموہیئ‪،‬زگہتشاسلیہاتسسیئفزوریوکروزباد دیوینزںیماتانمگمگیبےکوحاےلےسربخاسےنایئوجالوہرےسیپایئاےےکایطرےںیمدنلن‬
‫ ای‪،‬اچرامہ وںیہ الوارثڑپاراہ رھپ اےسرکایچ ارئیوپر واسپ جیھبدبا ای‪،‬رکایچ ںیم اسگیبیک التیشوہیئوت اس ںیم ےسسیب ولکرگام ریہونئ ئزادموہیئ‪،‬اس ےسےلہپ‬
‫ارپلی‪4603‬موکیپایئاےیکارئیوہسٹسوکامرٹسچنارئیوپر رپئزاطہینےک مٹساکحمےنبپاچنوسرگامریہونئا لگمرکےنےکازلامںیمرگراترایاھت‪،‬ہیاکرروایئوکن‬
‫رکراہےہ‪،‬ینتک مظنم ےہ‪ ،‬وکن ولگ اس ںیمولمثںیہ اور انالخیکف اکرروایئ ویکںںیہنوہبپاریہےہ۔ ش م ز‬
‫اہ ن اخئزادہےن زجتےی ںیم مزنڈ اہک ہک رکایچ ےک ادنر ےس‬
‫ک‬ ‫ک‬
‫ویہی رٹکفی زگارےن رپ بپادنبی الخیکف ڈگز رٹاوپسنر یک مہزبال ےس دنبراگہ رپ رنیٹنکز اک اابنر گل ای ےہ‪ ،‬اس ےس کلم وک اڑباسیل ارب روےپ اک اصقنن وہاکچ ےہ ہکبج‬
‫ک‬ ‫ک‬
‫باجزوںےک‪402‬اربروےپےکوسدےاتمئزوہےکچںیہ‪،‬ڈگزرٹاوپسنررٹزاکدوعی ٰےہہکارگوہباردرنبایئبپاسےساملوکےلرکاجےتںیہوتئزلیسلکشملمعوہاگ‪،‬‬
‫ک‬
‫رٹاوپسنررٹز ےک دوعےےکاطمقبابتمدلراہتس‪ 026‬ولکمزوطلیےہس یکوہج ےس اوہنںےن مہزبالرکدی‪،‬دنس اہوکیئر ےن اسیتکامرچ وکویہیرٹکفی ےکیرہ‬
‫ک‬ ‫ک‬
‫ںیمداےلخالخیکفامسعےکدورانڈیایئ یجرٹکفی یکروپر اکوحاہلدےتیوہےئاہکاھت ہکمکیونجری‪4606‬مےسےلرک‪36‬امرچ‪4602‬مت‪422‬افزادویہی‬
‫ہم ک‬ ‫ک‬
‫رٹکفی ےک احدبات ںیم اجں قحب وہےکچ ںیہ‪ ،‬ادات ےن رامیرسک دی ہک رکایچ ںیم اس دوران ارطخ ولگ وت د نبگرزدی ےس الہک ںیہن وہےئ‪ ،‬ریتہ یئم وک دنس‬
‫ک‬
‫اہوکیئر ےنیرہںیمویہیرٹکفیےکداےلخرپبپادنبیےکوحاےلےسدائزدروخاشرپمزرکایچیکرسئزایہںیمامتما کیٹوہڈلرزرپ لمتش یٹیمانبےناورالئرکنیز‬
‫ک‬ ‫ک‬
‫رٹلنیم وکذوااقفلر ابادلقتنمرکےن اکمکح دبااھت‪ ،‬اس امسع ںیمرٹاوپسنررٹز ےکولیکےن ویہی رٹکفی یرہ ےک نیتروسٹرپ الچےن یک وجتئز ادات ںیم عمجرکایئ اور اب‬
‫ک‬
‫دقمد یک امسع ‪46‬یئم وکوہ ی۔ش م ز‬
‫اہ ن اخئزادہےن زجتےی ںیم مزنڈاہک ہک یس کیپ اور اچزینئ رسامہی اکری بپااتسکن ےکلبقتسمب ےئل ااہتنیئ تبثم ربخےہ‪ ،‬نکیلاسرپ‬
‫ک‬
‫تہبےسوساالتدیپاوہرےہںیہ‪،‬شاکارتعاضےہہکوافیقوکحما کیٹوہڈلرزےکاسھتالیصفتترئیشںیہنرکریہےہ‪،‬اتارگنئزیاابخرںیمربخایئس ںیمہی‬
‫ک‬
‫اھکلاھتہکزراعاوردورسےماعالمتیھباسںیموہںےگ‪،‬بپااتسکنںیماخماملےنباگنکیلنیچاجےئاگاہجںاسرپوویلیانڈنشیوہ یوجوےسییہبپااتسکناکئزا ہلئس‬
‫اہ ناخئزادہےنزجتےیںیممزنڈاہکہکالنامرچےکدعبےسیفطصمامکلوکدیقنتاکاس انےہ‪،‬امیویکامییھباسرپدیقنترکریہےہوخاہجاراہرا نسحےننیل‬‫ےہ۔ش م ز‬
‫ک‬ ‫ک‬
‫امرچ ےک زئزوزرپ ارتعاض ائاھدیںیہ‪ ،‬یفطصمامکلرکایچ ےک وحاےل ےس درش باںیترکرےہںیہ‪ ،‬ان ےکاطمابلت دنس وکحمامنےلوترکایچ ےک وعام اکال‬
‫ک‬
‫وہاجےئاگاجبےئاسےکہکدیقنتاکوجابمزنڈدیقنتےسدبااجےئ‪،‬وکحوتمںیکذد داریاکمرکباوہیتےہوجدنس وکحموکرکبااچےئہ۔نئا ہدہویجوینزاطرقاوبا نسح‬
‫ےناہک ہکیپایئ اےایطروں ےکذرےعیریہونئ یکاگنلگمسںیم وپرانورکولمثےہ‪،‬ہینورک بپااتسکن ےکاسھت ئزاطہین ہکلب م ز‬
‫ہاس ہگجوموجدےہاہجں یپایئ‬
‫اےےکاہجزوںےکذرےعیریہونئاچنہپےنیکوکششیکاجیتےہ‪،‬بپااتسکنںیمرکایچاورالوہرےسریہونئاہجزےکادنراچنہپیئاجیتےہ‪،‬اسںیمیپایئاےاکانرئنیجن‬
‫ک‬ ‫ک‬
‫اکہبعش‪،‬جبییشرلیاکااٹسفاورارئیوپر سبکیشریٹوفرساکہلمعشا لوہاتکسےہ۔ئزامجنیپایئاےوہشمدباوجرےناہکہکیپایئاےےکایطروںںیمایشنمتےلاجےن‬
 ‫‪51‬‬

‫‪Urdu Reports & Programs‬‬ ‫‪Weekly Analysis May 17th 2017‬‬

‫یکاکرروایئیسکاتڈبپارٹنمٹیکںیہنےہ‪،‬ایشنمتیکروکاھتماےانیافیاوراےاسیافیاکاکمےہ‪،‬اےانیافیاورزمٹسکاہجزوکرئیلکسندےتیںیہاسےکدعب‬
‫ک‬ ‫ک‬
‫وہبےہ‪،‬ایطرےیکافلنئرئیلکسن ابافلنئ پچاپیپایئاے ںیہندورسیاایسنجیںرکیتںیہ‪،‬یپ‬
‫رکبےہ‪،‬اسےسےلہپیپایئاےاکاسےسوکیئقلعتںیہن ا‬ ‫یہوہالفیئ ا‬
‫ایئاےےکےلمعاکیھبوکیئفزداساکمںیمولمثوہاتکسےہ‪،‬سبکیشریٹیکدایندیذد داریاےانیافی‪،‬اےاسیافیاورزمٹسکیکوہیتےہ‪،‬یپایئاےےکایطرےاکرکان‬
‫ک‬ ‫ک‬
‫وہٹںیمےہڈیشولےکاطمقبانیکوایسپلکوہ ی۔مزرکایچومیسارتخےناہکہکڈگزرٹاوپسنررٹزیک مہزبالوکوندنزگرےکچںیہرگموکحمدنس اسماع ہلےکل‬
‫ک‬ ‫ک‬ ‫ک‬
‫ب ےئل دیجنسہںیہنےہ‪،‬یرہیوکحم نیتاچر دن ےسرٹاوپسنررٹز یک اوسییس ازنشی ےسبات پچرکریہےہ‪،‬رٹاوپسنررٹز مزنڈتخس مہزبالرپ اجبااچہرےہےھت نکیل مہےن‬
‫ک‬ ‫جب‬
‫اںیہنرواکوہاےہ‪،‬دنبراگہرپہگجہنوہےنےکباعاسامنالےنواےلاہجزواسپاجرےہںیہ‪،‬ڑسوکںےکامتم اگیرپا ٹیسوکحمدنس ےکبپاسںیہس رپاکمراکوہا‬
‫ےہ۔‬ ‫‪ؑEditorial Team: Weekly Analysis‬‬

‫رپوئزوہداھبیئااہتندنسپیرپراےئدےتیںیہ‬
‫ک‬
‫ادباناککز‪ :‬کلمںیمااہتندنسپیویکںلیھپریہےہ؟ادمئزداشاکروہیویکںلیھپراہےہ؟‬
‫ک‬ ‫ک‬
‫وہباھت۔ریمیدیپاشئرکایچںیموہیئ۔اورریمےرتسہائاھرہاسلینعی‪0596‬ےسےلرک‪0562‬تواہںزگرے‪،‬اسزامےنںیم‬ ‫وہداھبیئ‪ :‬ےلہپاےسیںیہن ا‬
‫ک‬
‫مہارےارطاف م ز‬
‫ہمسقےکولگر ےتےھت۔انںیماسیعیئیھبےھت‪،‬اتآد دنہویھباھتاوربپاریسوھتڑیدورر ےتےھت۔شےکاہںآبااجبا ا‬
‫وہباھت۔اورچ‬
‫انےکوہتاروہےتےھتوتانےکرھگوںےس مہارےرھگوکیئایھچےشیجیھباجیتیھت۔چ مہارےاہںدیعوہیتیھتباوکیئاوروخیشاکومعقوتمہانےکرھگا ھہن‬
‫ا ھہفحتےتجیھبےھت۔نکیلآہتسہآہتسہہیش متوہ ای۔اباسوپرےےلحمںیموکیئاتیھبریغملسمںیہنراہ۔اسرےےکاسرےکلموھچڑ ےئںیہ۔اوراب‬
‫اسےلحمےکادنر ففاور ففاتیہمسقےکولگر ےتںیہ۔اسرےبپااتسکنںیمرقتابیًااسییہوہ ایےہ۔ہعیشاگلوہ ےئ‪ ,‬ینساگل‪،‬وجاںیتیلقرہیئگںیہ‬
‫ک‬ ‫ک‬
‫وہوخفےکامرےباوتاےھٹکر یتںیہباوہاینپانشچوک مترکےتوہےئاےنپبامتدبلرےہںیہ۔ہیاتتہبئزیدبتیلیآیئےہاوروکیئاسےسااکنرںیہنرک‬
‫اتکس۔‬

‫اب وسال ہی ےہ ہکادم رواداری اکآاغزبکوہا اوراس یکووجاہت ایںیہ؟ ںیماتھجمسوہں ہک یلہپئزیدبتیلی‪0522‬ںیم آیئ چادمحانں وک آینیئوطر رپ ریغ‬
‫ک‬
‫ملسمفزاردبا ایاھت۔اسےکدعبذمتیبہ مہارےامسجےکادنرزبادہےسزبادہومسیتیئگاورایضاقحلےکزامےنںیماسراحجنںیمزیتیآیتیئگ۔‬
‫ک ک‬
‫ہات ےکاورپ ہی الزم رکدبا ای اھت ہکوہاےنپآپ وک رتہب ےس رتہباملسمن م ز‬
‫ہاہرکے۔اسوق مہاقدئامظعانوینریٹس ےکاتدرتف ںیمےھٹیبںیہ۔‬ ‫اسدور ںیم م ز‬
‫ک‬ ‫ک‬ ‫ک‬
‫ہروزب ںیبادنج اجیتںیھت۔اسوقلامنڈوڈا ساورااسنڈہیکرطف‬ ‫‪0520‬مںیمہیمکحآباہکڈٹرارٹنمٹاکیمرئںیمک ریکنئازڑپاھےئاگ۔اسےئلںاہں م ز‬
‫ےساسیکاخمتفلوہیئیھت۔اوراورپےسطلسمےئکاجےنواےلمکحےکالخفولگاھٹڑھکےوہےئےھت۔‬
‫ک ک‬ ‫ک ک‬
‫ٰڈا ںوروں ےک ادنردرس‬
‫نکیل وق ےک اسھت اسھت اورپ ےس یسک مکح ےک اصدر وہےن یک رضورت ںیہن ریہ۔ ا ھ وق ےک دعب ولگ وخد یہرشت وہےن ےگل ٰ‬
‫ہڈٹرارٹنمٹےکادنراگلےسوھچیٹوھچیٹدجسمج ینبوہیئںیہ۔وتوجںیزےلہپمہرپوھتیپیئگیھتوہاب‬‫وہےنےگل۔احالہکناسانوینریٹسںیماچراسمجڈںیہنکیل م ز‬
‫مہارےادنررچسبیئگےہ۔‬

‫ہات ہلئسوک فف م‬
‫ذمہیہےکہطقنرظن ےسداھکیاوررپاھکاج‬ ‫ذمہاکلمعدلخےلہپےکاقمےلبںیمتہبئز ایےہوت م ز‬ ‫ابویکہکن مہاریاویمزدن یےکادنر م‬
‫ک‬ ‫ک‬
‫راہےہاور ففایسزاوےیےسدرشاورطلغاکہلصیفایاجباےہ۔اناندورحب‪،‬اناین قوقاوراناینارااروکیبرک تاکفز نہ ےتوہےئمہ درتدرکےتںیہ۔‬

‫آپاکالصوسال ہیاھتہکبپااتسکنںیمااہتندنسپیویکںئز یئگےہ۔اساکوجابآپوکدنہواتسنےکوموجدہاحالتدھکیرک ل اتکسےہ۔دوونںوکلمںاکومازہن‬

‫ک‬
‫رکج ۔آپاجےتن ںیہ ہک ےلھچپدونںرمدان انوینریٹس ںیماتونوجانرپ یسک ےنایلگنائاھیئ اوراہک ہک ہی اتسگخےہ اوراتسگیخ مہئزداش ںیہنرکےت۔ رھپسیب‬
 ‫‪52‬‬

‫‪Urdu Reports & Programs‬‬ ‫‪Weekly Analysis May 17th 2017‬‬

‫سیچپنڈوڈا سےنےلہپاسوکاگننایرھپاسوکالویھٹںاوراوٹنیںےسامرااوراسےکدعباتی صےناسرپوگیلالچیئ۔نڈوڈا سےناامتجیعوطررپہیہلصیفایاھت‬

‫ہکوکیئاسی صاکبامںیہناتبےئاگس ےنوگیلالچیئیھت۔‬
‫ک‬
‫رکبےہ۔اگےئ‬
‫آپاسواےعقاکاقمہلبدنہواتسنںیماتاحہیلواےعقےسرکج ۔واہںولہپاخنبایمی صاھتس رپیسکےنایلگنائاھرکاشارہایاھتہکہیاگےئ لگم ا‬
‫ھ‬ ‫ک‬
‫اگور وس اسےک ےھچیڑپ ےئاورامرامررکاسوکالہکرکدبااور‬
‫اجبےہ۔وترھپواہںرپ ریغیسکتوبتےکوڑکنیوں ٴ‬
‫وکذحبرکےنےکارادےےساد رےساد رےل ا‬
‫اسیکونڈانیھبانبیئاسیجہکاشملاخنیکونڈانانبیئیئگیھت۔‬

‫دنہواتسنںیمیھبابویہونجینتیفیکدیپاوہریہےہوجبپااتسکنںیمےلھچپسیتاسلےسےہ۔اد ریھبذمیبہجڈہبااھبرا ایےہاورایسرطحیکذنہاسزییکاج‬

‫ریہےہ۔مہانےسا ھآےگںیہرگموہیھبشانڈ مہارےئزائزیسکدنآرکرہھٹاجںیئےگ۔‬
‫ک‬
‫اجبےہ۔اشملاخن ففات‬
‫ذمہرپوہ‪،‬واہںولوگںےکادنراتبصعتاورگنترظنیاکدیپاوہبابازگئزوہ ا‬ ‫وترصتخمہیہکس امسجےکادنر م ز‬
‫ہںیزاکدارودمار م‬
‫لاثلےہ‪،‬انتنگلاث ںیاچ یےلہپریہںیہاوراسےکدعبیھبوہں ی۔اشملاخنےکدعبدوایسرطحےکوااعقتوہےئںیہ۔اتوہوان ہ ےہس ںیمنیت‬
‫ئزن ہوپشڑلویکںےناتی صوکالہکرکدبا۔اسرپہیازلاماھتہکریتہاسلےلہپاسےنوکیئطلغباتیکیھت۔رھپوجاتب ٴاوالاسآدیماھتس ےندجسمںیماجرک‬
‫ک‬
‫وہبوتولگاےسریچاھپڑرک مترکدےتی۔اوررھپویکہکناساچبرےااممےناسداناےنوکاچببااھتوتاتلعتش‬
‫وکیئوکباسیک۔ارگاسدجسمےکااممےناسوکہناچببا ا‬
‫وجہمےناسیکاگڑیالجدی۔‬

‫ہاہزرکےتںیہہکااہتندنسپوںاک ففوکیئاتوٹہلںیہنےہ۔ہیجزا یاب مہارےامسجےکادنر م ز‬

‫ہرطفرچسبیئگےہ۔‬ ‫ہیوااعقت م‬

‫ادباناککز‪ :‬انڈباںیموتوکیئایضاقحلںیہنآبا۔اد رہیااہتندنسپیویکںآیئگےہ؟‬

‫ک‬
‫فزوندلامل‪ :‬اسوسالوکںیمآےگئزاھراہوہں۔ئزیکوکارگمہدںیھکیوتواہںیھبذمیبہذنہوجےہوہاغتآراہےہ۔ڑپوسںیممہےندنہواتسنںیمداھکیواہںرپ‬
‫رٹمرشتفیےلآےئںیہ۔ہیوجوپریداینںیماتوہا یلچےہاسوکآپ سکرطحےسدےتھکیںیہ۔رنجل‬ ‫دنہوتایکمہم یلچوہیئےہ۔ارمہکیںیممہےنداھکی پ‬
‫کک‬ ‫ک‬
‫ایضوتدنہواتسنںیمںیہنےھت۔وہئزیکںیمیھبںیہنےھتواہںوتیفطصمامکلابائزکےھت۔ارمہکیںیمیھبںیہنےھت۔وتہیںیزج واہںےسیکوہںیئگ۔ایوہجیھت۔‬
‫ک‬
‫ہوکےنےردرےںیمذمیبہاطز ںیزورڑکپریہںیہاورہیتررتاحلارمہکیںیمیھبرظنآیتےہ۔دوپ ہتےلہپ‬ ‫وہداھبیئ‪ :‬آپیکباتبالکلدرشےہ۔داینےک م ز‬
‫ک‬
‫رٹم وک ‪ 26‬دصیف ےسزبادہولوگں ےن وو ڈاالاھت۔اسےکاتوھچےٹ ےس یرہںیم وجآپ ھجمس ںی ہکوگجزاوناہل‬ ‫ںیم ارم اک یک رباشوسیمری ای اھت اہجں پ‬
‫ک‬ ‫ک‬
‫ہیلگںیمرگاجرھگےہاورولگاینپانشچیسکاتوصخمصرچچےکاسھتوجڑےتںیہ۔وگباارم اک‬ ‫ہےلحمںیم‪ ،‬م ز‬ ‫ےکئزائزاکےہ‪396،‬ےکفز نرگاجرھگںیہ۔ م ز‬
‫ںیمیھبذمتیبہاکراحجنزورڑکپراہےہ۔‬

‫یاہنرپانم م‬‫ک‬ ‫ک‬ ‫ک‬

‫ذمہےکوطررپوہشمراھت۔نکیلابایس‬ ‫وہباھت۔اوردب مات‬
‫رھپرسینلاےسیجکلمرپاترظنڈا ںی۔یسکزامےنںیمہیانموآیتشاکوہگارہ ا‬
‫ک‬ ‫ک‬
‫ائآیئںیہ‪،‬واہںواہں‬
‫کلمےکاملسمناوردنہووخزفدہںیہ۔ایسرطحروایگنہاملسمنملظاکناہنےنبوہےئںیہ۔اہجںاہجںذمیبہاوںیتسایشےکدیمانںیم ز‬
‫ک‬
‫ئانترظںیمدانھکیرضوریےہ۔ریمادملاہیےہہک‬
‫اوتیلقںوکوخبرودنا ایےہاورااہتندنسپیوپرےامسجںیمرساتیئرکیئگےہ۔ٰڈاآپےکوسالوکاتوعیس ز‬
‫ک‬ ‫ک‬
‫راامدنسپیاکوموجدہراحجناسسنئاورجڈنڈ نےکالخفاتردلمعےکہجیتنںیمےہ۔‬

‫اسسنئیکوہجےسابداینتہبزیتیےسدبلریہےہ۔اسسنئےسمہےنامٹیاکوھکجاگلباےہ‪،‬الخںیممہدورسےسایروںیکرطفلکنڑپےںیہ۔اسسنئیک‬
‫ک‬
‫ہرطف‬‫دمدےسمہےنہییھباجنایلےہہکانایناسچاچ یویکںےہاوروچ یویکںںیہنےہ۔اسسنئاب مہارےاورپاسرطحےساحویوہیئگےہہکانان م ز‬
‫رپاشینوہ ےئںیہویکہکنانوکابانںگلراہےہہکاسیجہکرطفتیکادنج اطز ںیںیمہابالچریہںیہاوروجرپاےن م‬
‫ذماہےکلاملںیہوہابیسکئزےوسال‬
‫ک‬
‫اکیلستشخبوجابںیہندےکس۔اناونںےکادنراسزیتریغتاوردبتیلییکوہجےساتبیجعوخفدیپاوہ ایےہ۔‬

‫رقتابیًاچپسئزسےلہپ اولینبارلفبایمات فنصماور ققحم ےناتاتکبیھکلیھت‪،‬ویفرچ شاک س ںیماوہنں ےن ہی نیشیپوگیئ یکیھت ہکویکہکناسسنئےن‬
‫ابداینوکاز یزیتیےسدبانلرشوعرکدباےہوتاسےئلاناناکذنہرپاشیوینںاورایسفنیتاونھجلںںیمالتبموہاجےئاگ۔اسوکھجمسںیمںیہنآےئاگہکوہاست‬
 ‫‪53‬‬

‫‪Urdu Reports & Programs‬‬ ‫‪Weekly Analysis May 17th 2017‬‬

‫اجےئبااُست۔اسےئلہکس رطحےساسےکآباواجڈادر ےتےھت‪،‬وجاموحلاناکاھت‪،‬آجاکاموحلاسےسرسکیفلتخمےہ۔ٰڈااینپزدن یرپاقوببپاےنےک‬

‫ےئلاوراسںیمااکحتسمدیپارکےنیکاخرطولگاینپرواباتوکوبضمیطےساھتےموہےئںیہہکارگہی مہارےاہھتےسوھچ ںیئگوترھپ مہاریدایندج یھب متوہ‬
‫ہاکشرےتنبںیہ۔دورسیوہج ہیےہہکولگالبئزنشیےکہجیتنںیماریماوررغن اکفزق‬ ‫اجںیئ ی۔وجولگاسسنئ ےسباوافقںیہوہاسےباجوخف اکاخصوطر م ز‬
‫ک‬
‫ےب لاشائز ایےہ۔رغنہقبطےبآرساوہبااجراہےہاوراسےئلوہرامیرواباتاوردینیااکحامتاکاہسرااتیلےہ۔اوروکیئاوراچرہداھکیئںیہنداتی۔‬

‫یہیوہجےہہکآجاسسنئےکالخفاتوعیسامیپےنرپوخفاوررفنتبپایئاجیتےہ۔ابدودنےلہپآپےنداھکیوہاگہکاسدسنئاونںےنارمہکیاورانرپںیم‬
‫ک‬
‫اسسنئ ےک دافع ںیم ات امرچ ای اھت۔ ریحت وہیت ےہ ہک ان وکلمں ںیم اہجں اسسنئ ش ےس زبادہ ئزیق باہتف ےہ‪ ،‬اہجں اسسنئ اک منج وہا اھت‪ ،‬واہں رپ اب‬
‫اسدسنئاونںوکاسسنئےکدافعںیمڑسوکںرپلکنآباڑپاےہ۔ہیاسباتیکدلیلےہہکہن ففدنہواتسن‪،‬بپااتسکن‪،‬رسینلااوراایشیںیمہکلبوپریداینںیمیہ‬
‫اترپاشیینیسےہ۔‬
‫ک‬
‫ذمہ وک اامعتسلرکےنوایلاطوتقں ےناسرپاشیین ےسوخبافدئہائاھباےہ۔وہ ہیدوعیرکیت ںیہ ہک مہارےبپاس م ز‬
‫ہ ےلئس اکوجابےہ۔ مہ ںیہمت اتب کس ںیہہک‬ ‫م‬
‫ک‬ ‫ک‬
‫دصقمایحتایےہ۔مہاہمتریلاتبقونسارکسںیہ۔راامرپرحبےکاایحےک ےھچیرحماکتدرالصایسفنیتںیہ‪،‬رعمویضںیہن۔‬
‫ک‬
‫آبےہہکاسےنئززگی رشمیقانرپےکالخفای۔‬
‫ادباناککز‪ :‬اتوتاقباکوخفوہ ای۔اباسںیمئزاطہینےکانریپانا نےساجزاجینعیئززگی اکوتھجمس ا‬
‫ارکاو‬
‫نکیلبایقاسریداینںیممہدےتھکیںیہہکاترطفوتاملسمنںیہوجامررےہںیہبارمرےہںیہاوردورسیاس ڈیرپریغملسمںیہ۔وتاسںیمآپیذہںوبںےک ٴ‬
‫اکرصنعیھبدےتھکیںیہ؟‬

‫وہداھبیئ‪ :‬اہںیذہںیبیآسپ ںیم ارکاےنیگل ںیہ نکیل یذہںوبں ےکادنر یھباصتدم یکدشت تہبئز یئگےہ۔آج انتج املسمن اکوخندورسےاملسمونںےک‬
‫ہرطف رپاےن زمخوھکےل اج رےہںیہ۔ اور ‪ 0266‬اسل ےلہپ یک ںیگنج اب رھپ ےس ڑلی اج ریہںیہ۔ م ز‬
‫ہرطف‬ ‫اہوھتں ہہب راہےہ‪ ،‬امیض ںیم ااسی یھبک ںیہناھت۔ م ز‬
‫ولگامیضیکرپشتسرکےتوہےئرظنآرےہںیہ۔‬

‫رسود ےکاسبپارمہدےتھکی ںیہ ہک ومدی اور ی ےج یپ ےکاکرویسک اےنپرامی زامےنوک ش ےس ااھچ اوررہنسا دور ےتھجمس ںیہ اوراس ےکبارے ںیم ئزاھ پجزاھرک‬
‫اتبےت ںیہ الثمً ہی ہکدنہ ےکولوگں ےکبپاس مہزاروںئزس ےلہپاےسیالخیئ اہجز ےھتوجآپ وک زںیم ےسرمخی اوررمخی ےساطعردےل اجےتےھت۔وج یلہپالپکٹس‬
‫رسجزیوہیئیھتوہشینگیکیھت۔شینگیکوسنڈالپکٹسرسجزیےساد رےساد ریکیئگیھت‪،‬وریغہ۔رگمہیشاسباتیکدلیلےہہکابدنہواتسنںیمیھب‬
‫تہبےسولگرامیزامونںیکرطفولانٹاچ ےتںیہ۔‬
‫ک‬
‫جڈنڈ زامےن ےک اقتوضں ےک اسھت انلچ ایسفنیت وطر رپ ارثکولوگں ےک ےئل تہب لکشم وہ ای ےہ ٰڈا وہ امیض اک اہسرا ےتیل ںیہ۔اس رطح وہ ئابیبی اوراامتج تی یک‬
‫ک‬ ‫ک‬
‫اجبےہہکوکنسکےلیبقاکےہ۔آپاکرہتش ففاسفزدےکاسھتڑجےاگوجآپےکےلیبقاکےہبااسےسئزدتواےل‬ ‫رطفاجےتںیہ۔ئابیبی ںیمہیداھکی ا‬
‫ک‬
‫ےلیبقاکےہ۔ٰڈالاریگملنباانانوکانانےکوطررپاچہپاننمکوہ ایےہ۔‬
‫ک‬
‫لاریگملناکرظنہیاسرکفیاالقنبےسالکناھتوجانرپںیمآج ےسنیتوساسلےلہپئزبپاوہا۔وہرو نایخیلاکدوراھت۔نیتدصانں ےکدعباسےکالخفات‬
‫ک‬ ‫ک‬
‫ردلمعدیپاوہا ےہ ےسآپارمہکیاورانرپںیمیھبدھکیکسںیہ۔اس یکدایندیوہج ہی ےہہکولگاسسنئاورجڈنڈ ن ےسایسفنیتوطررپ تہبرپاشینںیہ۔‬
‫پ‬
‫رٹمےسیجڈیلروجاسیسنئمیلعتےسبادلبںیہ‪،‬اچ یرحتوکیںیکایقدترکےتںیہ۔‬

‫ادبان اککز‪ :‬انوینرویٹسں ںیم ہیااہتندنسپی آ ریہےہ۔وفصراوگھٹےک رجمم آیئ یاے ےکرگوجینےھت۔ اشملاخن اکوان ہوہاےہ۔ ای انوینریٹسیھب رو ن‬
‫ایخیلےس‪،‬یئنوسچےسھگزاریہےہ؟اساکلایےہہکاساکوخفدورایاجےئ؟ایاصنبںیمدبتیلییکاجےئباا ھاورایاجےئ؟‬

‫وہداھبیئ‪ :‬ہیتہبااھچوسالےہ۔ارمہکی‪،‬انرپاورانڈباںیمااہتندنسپیوت رضورئزج ےہنکیلوہ ففلامولوگںںیمئزج ےہ۔وج ابلطانوینریٹساوراکجلںیم‬

‫ک‬
‫ڑپےتھںیہ۔انیکاھبریارثکنابیھبرو نایخلےہاوروہوعیسذنہرےتھکںیہ۔ابیھبواہںبصعتآپوکشاذوبادریہرظنآےئاگ۔انانوینرویٹسںںیم‬
‫ک ک‬
‫ہمسقیکباتیکاجیتکسےہاورواہںاحمکوقیکرک رکاخمتفلیھبوہیتےہ۔ایھبےلھچپدونںانوینریٹسآفینروفیراینئزےک ےکاطتن ںوںےن پ‬
‫رٹم‬ ‫رقتابیً م ز‬
 ‫‪54‬‬

‫‪Urdu Reports & Programs‬‬ ‫‪Weekly Analysis May 17th 2017‬‬

‫اہ ےس پ‬
‫رٹم ےک احیم اگنہد رکےن ےک ےئل آ رےہ ےھت نکیل نڈوڈا س ےن ااسی ںیہن‬ ‫ےک احویمں وک ئزےک انوینریٹس ںیم آےن ےس روک دبا اھت۔ انوینریٹس ےک ب م ز‬
‫رٹمےنارم اکںیماملسمونںیکآدم م ز‬
‫ہبپادنبیلادئیکیھتوتارم اکیکانوینرویٹسںںیم‬ ‫وہےندبا۔اقونینوطررپاسںیزوکرواک ای‪،‬ہیںیہنہکداگنیھیتشموہیئ۔چ پ‬
‫ک‬
‫وہبےہ۔واہںاملسمناینپباترکےت‬ ‫ہمسقیکساییسوسچاکاراہر ا‬ ‫وجاہاللورہوانوینریٹسےسیجاداروںںیم م ز‬
‫ئزےامیپےنرپااجتحجوہےئےھت۔ایسرطحانڈباںیم م ز‬
‫ںیہ‪،‬ویمکٹسنبپاریٹیھبےہاور یےجیپواےلیھباینپباترکےتںیہ‪،‬وہاتالھکاموحلےہ۔انیمیلعتاداروںںیمآپوکااہتندنسپیںیہنداھکیئد یتےہ۔‬

‫اس ےکئزسکعبپااتسکن یک انوینرایٹسں اور بپااتسکن ےکدرگی یمیلعتادارےرکفیاحلظ ےس دنبںیہ۔ںاہں وسچاچبراوروغر و رکفرپ رہپےاھٹبےئ ےئںیہ۔ رہپنڈار‬
‫ک‬
‫ فف ااظتنہیم ںیہن‪ ،‬فف ااسنڈہ ںیہن‪ ،‬ںاہں رہپنڈاروں ںیم وخد اطت ملع شا ل ںیہ۔ آپ ےن ہی داھکی ہک رمدان انوینریٹس ںیم ای وہا۔ امرےن واےل وخد‬
‫نڈوڈا سےھت۔اسںیمشیہشا لےھت۔رچیٹزیھبےھت۔ااظتنہیمومشتیلیھبیھت۔‬
‫پپو‬
‫ہرطفوسچرپراںینغںیہ۔ارگہچااہتندنسپیوپریداینںیم بلیوہیئےہنکیلینتججزا یبپااتسکنےک‬
‫ہانوینریٹسںیماحالتاسےسےتلمےتلجںیہ‪ ،‬م ز‬
‫بپااتسکنیک م ز‬
‫ک‬
‫ادنرآیکچےہ‪،‬انتجبصعت‪،‬ینتجرفنںیت مہارےادنروک وک رکرھبییئگںیہ‪،‬اساکاقمہلبمہیسکاورکلمےکاسھتںیہنرککس۔‬

‫اسیکاتامہوہج مہارااصنبمیلعتےہ۔مہوکسلےکاصنبںیمدورسے م‬
‫ذماہوکئزاالہ ےتںیہ‪،‬اورمہاسرپ رصمںیہہک م ز‬
‫ہ ںیزوک ففدینیہطقنرظنےس‬
‫داھکیاجےئ‪،‬مہاصنبںیمذمیبہ تیبصڑپاھےتںیہ۔وترھپای بجعےہہکدوال ھولگاتممزاقدریےکزانزےںیمرشتوہےئ؟‬
‫ک‬
‫وت ہیااہتن دنسپی اک اموحل مہ ےنوخد دیپا ایےہ۔ رگم ویکہکناےنپ آپ وک رجمم امےنن یک بات مہ ےسئزداش ںیہنوہیت‪،‬اس ےئل مہ یسک دورسے کلم ےک اورپایلگن‬
‫ک‬
‫ائاھےن ےک ےئل دوڑےت ںیہ۔ مہ ہ ےت ںیہ ہک دتشہ رگد وت ااغفئان ےس آےئ‪ ،‬با انڈبا ےس آےئ با ہن اجےن رمخی ےس کپٹ ڑپے‪ ،‬مہ اس ےل ذد دار ںیہن ںیہ۔‬
‫ک‬
‫ویکہکنمہجققی ےسااکنررکےترےہںیہٰڈامہاساکوکیئدتارکیھبںیہنرکےکس۔مہوضفلمسقےک‪،‬ےبائزمسقےکارااامترکےتںیہ‪،‬مہناانبےتںیہ‪،‬مہ‬
‫ل لنش انشکی الپنانبےت ںیہ نکیل ان ےک اورپ لمع اس ےئل ںیہن وہ اکس ےہ ہک مہ ہیامےنن ےک ےئل مہززگ ایتر ںیہن ہک جزا ی مہارے اےنپ ادنر ےہ اور ہی ہک ااہتندنسپ‬
‫ک‬
‫مہارےیمیلعتاداروںںیمےتنبںیہ‪ ،‬مہارےدمارسںیمدیپاوہےتںیہ‪،‬اورااہتندنسپوںوکدیپارکےنںیمشےسئزارکداروت مہارےڈیمبااوررباشاکےہوجااہتن‬
‫دنسپوںیکرگتفںیمےہ۔‬

‫ادباناککز‪ :‬ااہتندنسپیوک مترکےنےکےئلایارااامتآپوجتئزرکج ےگ‬

‫وہد اھبیئ‪ :‬یئک اسرے۔ ات وت ڈیمبا ںیم رفنت ازیگن وماد رپ یتخس ےس بپادنبی اگلےن یک رضورت ےہ۔ وہ ا رکن وج یسک اور فز‪،‬ے‪ ،‬یسک اور م‬
‫ذمہ‪ ،‬یسک اور کلم ےک‬
‫الخفرفنںیتڑھباکےتںیہ‪،‬اںیہنہن ففیٹویرپآےنےسرواکاجےئہکلبانےکالخفاقونیناکرروایئیھبیکاجےئ۔‬
‫ک‬
‫رھپ مہارےاصنب ںیمئزمیم یک از ود رضورت ےہ۔اس ںیم وجرفنت یک ڑپباں ایتر یک یئگ ںیہ اور وج رھپ مہںوچں وک الھکےت ںیہ‪،‬اس اکاماجم ذ ین رم ض دیپارکبا‬
‫ےہ۔اےسیہبلطااہتندنسپییکرطفاملئوہاجےتںیہ۔رھپوکیئ بجعیکباتںیہنہکچوہوخدشکہلمحآور رکاےنپآپوکاھپڑےتںیہباالکوکنشفائاھرکلتق‬
‫لامرکےتںیہ۔ہیوتمیلعتےکدیمانںیموجتئزیھتنکیل م ز‬
‫ہم ےبںیماالصاحتیکدشنڈرضورتےہ۔‬

‫فزوندلامل‪ :‬آینیئوحاےلےسآپایاجتوئزدج ےگ۔‬

‫وہداھبیئ‪ :‬بپااتسکنےکآنیئںیمملسماورریغملسمںیمرفتقییکیئگےہ۔اسآنیئںیمریغوملسمںوکاتباونیتیثیحیلمےہ۔وہڈنکیسبارھتڈالکسیرہیںیہ۔‬
‫ک‬
‫ٰڈاوہبپااتسکنےکاسھتوچ یتبحمرکیہںیہنکسوجدورسےرکےتںیہ۔اسںیزوکدبےنلیکرضورتےہ۔‬

‫ااہتندنسپی ففاتاقونین ہلئسںیہن‪،‬ہیامسجےکوصخمصااصتقدیاورساییساحالتےسدیپاوہیتےہ۔ہیدھکیےیجیلہک مہاریاخرہجبپایسیلاکدایندیہطقنہیےہہک‬

‫ہرطےقیےساسوکاصقنناچنہپںیئ۔چااغفنج متوہیئوتمہےنہاجیدنیےسیرکہیہہک‬ ‫دنہواتسنہشیمہ مہارادنمشرےہاگ۔انچہچنمہرپرھپہیالزمےہہکمہ م ز‬
‫اجو۔مہےنانوکاےنپاکمےکےئلاامعتسلای۔انوکریمشک ہج اجاہجںدرونجںاچ یکا ںیمیایک ییکںیئگاکاکاکم ففہیاھت‬
‫رکانےسہیںیہناہکہکسبابےلچ ٴ‬
‫ہکرسودبپارباالنئآفرٹنکولےکبپاراجرکدنہواتسنرپہلمحرکج ۔‬
 ‫‪55‬‬

‫‪Urdu Reports & Programs‬‬ ‫‪Weekly Analysis May 17th 2017‬‬

‫ک‬ ‫ک‬ ‫ک‬
‫مہےناطابلنوکیھباامعتسلایباہکوہااغفئانںیماجرک مہارےےئلرٹسییھج ڈیی پھھاقمئرکج اورانںااغفئان مہارےرھگاکڑاوھاڑاےنب۔نکیلاطابلناکات‬
‫ک‬
‫دڑھا مہارےےلگڑپ ای۔بانئاویلنےکدعب۔بپااتسکنےکادنروجاخہنیگنجیکتررتینبوہآجت متںیہنوہیئےہ۔اب مہاریوفج‪ ،‬مہاریوپسیلاور مہارےلام‬
‫ک‬
‫یرہانںوکناہنانببااجباےہاسےک ےھچی مہاریبااکماخرہجبپایسیلےہ‬
‫ک‬
‫اساخرہجبپایسیلرپلمعرکباوھتڑااسلکشموہ ایےہویکہکنانڈباےکبارڈررپباڑےہ ےسبپاررکبازبادہلکشموہ ایےہ۔رگم مہاریوسچںیمفزقابتںیہنآباےہ‬
‫ک ک ک‬ ‫ک‬
‫اورچتمہاینپاخرہجبپایسیلوکںیہندبےتل۔اسوقتمہدتشہرگدیےسماجتںیہن ابپںیکسےگ۔‬
‫ک‬ ‫ک‬
‫ادباناککز‪ :‬اغدمیاصچیکاتوجتئزآیئیھتہکدوسج باروہج تامتمابلطاتیہاظنمےس میلعتاحلصرکج باہکاتدورسےےکاسھترںیہاورات‬
‫ھم‬
‫دورسےوکںیھجمس۔اسےکدعبیہےسیجاسسنئبادورسیالشیپسئزنشیبختنمیکاجیتےہوےسییہذمیبہالشیپسئزنشییھبیکاجےئ۔اسرپآپےکای بیسںیہ۔‬
‫ک‬ ‫ک‬ ‫ک‬
‫وہداھبیئ‪ :‬ںیماتھجمسوہںہکداینیتےکماعےلمرپہیوجتئزیاہنیہوقعملےہ‪،‬ااسییہوہبااچےیہ‪،‬آجزایسرطحےساملسمونںںیموہئزداشیکالصچدیپا‬
‫ک‬
‫وہ یہکوہاجںینہکیھبساتیہ نئازڑپےتھںیہ‪،‬ات یہفزآنڑپےتھںیہ‪،‬وجفزقںیہانرپدعبںیمباتیک اجیتکسےہ۔ایلع میلعتےکاداروںںیماناسملئرپ‬
‫قیقحت وہ یتکس ےہ۔ ان رپ ثحب ابمہثح وہ اتکس ےہ۔ اغدمی اصچ ہی فزام رےہ ںیہ ہک ارگ بپااتسکن وک ات املسمن کلم وصتر رکبا ےہ وت رھپ املسمونں ےک ےئل ات‬
‫ت ک‬
‫ن‬
‫رتشمہکاصنبوہبااچےیہ۔وجریغملسم ںیہانوک لمکموطررپاسےس بیھیوہبااچےیہ۔ان ریغوملسمںرپاالسیم تامیلتوھتانپاتتہبئزا ملظےہ۔مہنیً‬
‫ک‬ ‫ک‬
‫وہباوراسوکزئزدرحببالبئباوتراتڑپاھبااجبا۔‬
‫اسوکتہبئزاہ ےتارگوکیئہچباڈنیلگنںیم ا‬
‫ک‬ ‫ک ک‬
‫آبےہ۔‬
‫اغدمیاصچیکوجتئزایھچوتےہنکیلکلمےکوجاسوقاحالتںیہانوکدےتھکیوہےئاساکوبقلوہبالکشمرظن ا‬
‫سفھ‬
‫اچبوےک‬
‫ہدصقمےکےئلاامعتسلای کاجےناگل۔ےہ۔اد راشملاخنےکسیکںیمانوینریٹسااظتنہیمےناےنپ ٴ‬ ‫ادباناککز‪ :‬اتںیزمہدھکیرےہںیہہکالب میوک م ز‬
‫سفھ‬
‫ےئلہنیبموطررپاےساامعتسلای۔اد رریمشکا یلبمںیمبزبافالتفےنوکح یتفزارداراھپڑیوتوکح یتارا نیےنازلاماگلباہکاوہنں ےنالب می یکےہ۔بایق‬
‫پپھیھ‬
‫ماعالمتںیماحص یتفعنسحروضیاکوجسیکاھتہکرمعاناخناصچیکوجاوہنںےن چپرزوایلونڈانرزیلییکیھتاسرپانوکاتسگخزجیپاکانڈنموہشمررکدبا‬
‫سفھ‬
‫ ای۔الب میالوکوتامتمیکلماورنیباالاوایمرپرشیےکباووجد مترکبانکممںیہنےہ۔ایاسںیماچ یدبتیلییکاجیناچےیہہکطلغازلاماگلےنواےلوکیھبکزیزسا‬
‫دیاجےئ؟‬

‫فزوندلامل‪ :‬رکایچانوینریٹسںیمڈارٹکرباضاصچیکلاثلےہاکرپاتسگیخاکازلاماگلبا ای۔اسےکالعوہوہیلیکرقتنںیمایمںونازرشفییکرقتئزےکدعب‬

‫بااقادہراتےکوشزںیماہک ایہکہکونازرشفیاصچےنوجباتیکہک مہارااوراناکجڈااتیہےہوتانرپویہ‪459‬یساکسیکاگلبااچےیہ۔وتہیوجہلسلسلچ‬
‫ک‬
‫ڑپاےہ۔وجاشارہرکدبااجباےہہکسبہی۔۔۔‬
‫سفھ‬
‫وہد اھبیئ‪ :‬اس یک یئک اور لاث ںی یھب ںیہ۔ آپ وک باد وہ اگ ہک امی ویک امی رپ یھب ازلام اگل اھت الب می اک ویکہکن وہ اےنپ آپ وک اہمجز ہ ےت ںیہ ہکبج الص اہمجز وت وہ ےھت‬
‫ک‬
‫وہنجںےن ہکم ےسدمہنیرجہتیکیھت۔ٰڈاضعبولوگںےکئزدتہیاقونناتبرہب ےہ س ےسوہاےنپاخم نیفوکزئزرککسںیہ۔ارگآپیسک یکاجادیاد‬
‫چ‬
‫پوبیباااچ ےتںیہ‪،‬اس یکزںیم رپ ہضبقرکبااچ ےتںیہ‪ ،‬بارھپاس یکیٹیب وکاوغارکبااچ ےت ںیہوتاسرپ ففایلگنائاھےن یک رضورتےہ۔اےنپبرفیوکاتسگخوہک‪،‬‬
‫وٹنمںےکادنراتوجہمعمجوہاجےئاگ‪،‬اسی صوکاینپاجناچبرکاھبگاڑپےاگ‪،‬ارگاکایمبوہاوتاجنچبیئگنکیلتیکلمیلچیئگ۔‬
‫ک‬
‫ذمہ رپ آج لک یہ ویکں دبا اج راہ ےہ۔ آجز اس ےطخ ںیم املسمن وت مہزار اسل ےس رہ رےہ ںیہ۔ انں اتگل ےہ ہک وکیئ‬
‫وہب ےہ ہک اانت زبادہ زور وتنیہ م‬
‫وسال ہی دیپا ا‬
‫سفھ‬
‫الب می مبااچتاٹھپ ےہاوروپرا کلماس یکزد ںیم آ ایےہ۔اسیکدایندیوہج ہیےہ ہکذمیبہاطوتقںوکوکیئااسی ہتکناچےیہ س ےکرگدوہلامولوگں وکعمجرک‬
‫ک‬ ‫ک‬ ‫ںیکس۔ اب ہی دھکی ےیجیل ہک وکیئ املسمن اےنپ م‬
‫ذمہ یک کتہئزداش ںیہن رکبا۔ اک رپ اتسگیخ اک ازلام اگلبا ای ےہ ان ںیم ےس ارثک ےب ہ رر وہےت ںیہ نکیل اسدہ‬
‫ولوگںوکلعتشرکباوکیئلکشماکمںیہنےہ۔‬

‫وہہیںیہندےتھکیہکاںیہنےسیکاامعتسلایاجراہےہاورازلاماگلےنےک ےھچیرحماکتایںیہ۔‬
 ‫‪56‬‬

‫ک‬
‫دنہواتسن ںیماگےئےکاوشیےکبارے ںیم نیع یہیبات یک اجیتکسےہ۔دنہواگےئ وکیاہندقمس ےتھجمس ںیہاورارگآپدنہووں وکلعتشرکبااچںیہ وتاگےئاک‬
‫ہہگجتہباسدہوہےتںیہ۔اںیہناامعتسلایاجاتکسےہ۔اوروہہیںیہندےتھکیہکاسےکدور‬ ‫ ہلئسڑیھچدج ۔آجزاد رےکلامولگیھبئزےاسدہںیہ۔لامولگ م ز‬
‫ک‬
‫رساتنجئایوہںےگ۔وتآجدنہواتسنںیمویہونجنداھکیئدےریہےہوجبپااتسکنںیمصر ےےسےہ۔اسیکوہجہیےہہکدوونںاممکلےکوجوجاچالک‬
‫ولگںیہاوہنںےناجنایلےہہکوعاموکےسیکوجڑااجاتکسےہاورانںیمےسیکااعتشلدیپاایاجاتکسےہ۔‬

‫اس ریبمھگ ہلئس اک ل ای ےہ؟ ںیم اتھجمس وہں ہک فف اور فف دیقنتی وسچ وک اانپےن یہ ےس ات م ت دنم اور رپانم ماعرشہ اتکس ےہ۔اچ ی وسچ وج مہز‬
‫ک ک‬
‫وقوسالرکے‪،‬وجوپےھچہکآجزااسیویکںےہاورواسیویکںںیہنےہ۔وجوکیئباتوبقلرکےنےسےلہپتوبتامےگناوروجدلیل‪،‬ادتساللاوراشمیدےرپا فار‬
‫ک ک‬
‫وہباجےئاگ‬
‫ئ ا‬‫رکے۔رصتخمہیہکںیمہاینپاویمزدن یںیماسیسنئرطہقیاکراانپباوہاگ۔وصبرتدرگی‪،‬اسدہولوگںوکاامعتسلرکباآاسنےسآاسن ز‬

‫ادباناککز‪ :‬ینعیوکسلںیمادتبایئحطسرپںیمہاتدایندیدبتیلیرکینوہ ی۔ےچبوکوسانچاھکسبااجےئ۔ینعیاےسہیہناہکاجےئہکمہےنںیہمتہیرظنہیدےدبا‬

‫ےہ‪،‬متےنایسوکافولرکباےہ‪،‬اانپدام اامعتسلںیہنرکباےہ۔‬
‫ک‬
‫اجبےہ۔مزنڈئزےوہےتںیہوتذنہ‬
‫وہداھبیئ‪ :‬بالکلحیحصبات۔وھچےٹںوچںوکاسرطفالبارارےآاسنےہچئزےوہاجےتںیہوتوھتڑازبادہلکشموہ ا‬
‫ہتخپ وہےن ےتگل ںیہ۔ چ وہ انوینریٹس ںیم چنہپ ےکچ وہےت ںیہ وت رھپ شاذ و بادر اےسی ابلط ںیہ اک یک وسچ دبیل اج یتکس ےہ۔ (رکشبہی‪ :‬مہ ش ڈا اکم)‬
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