Izod impact strength test - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.

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Izod impact strength test

The Izod impact strength test is an ASTM standard method of
determining the impact resistance of materials. A pivoting arm is
raised to a specific height (constant potential energy) and then
released. The arm swings down hitting a notched sample,
breaking the specimen. The energy absorbed by the sample is
calculated from the height the arm swings to after hitting the
sample. A notched sample is generally used to determine impact
energy and notch sensitivity.

The test is similar to the Charpy impact test but uses a different
arrangement of the specimen under test.[1] The Izod impact test
differs from the Charpy impact test in that the sample is held in a
cantilevered beam configuration as opposed to a three-point
bending configuration.

The test is named after the English engineer Edwin Gilbert Izod
(1876–1946), who described it in his 1903 address to the British
Association, subsequently published in Engineering.[2]
Izod impact tester in Blists Hill
Victorian Town

Contents
Impact energy
ASTM test for plastics
See also
References
Further reading

Impact energy
Impact is a very important phenomenon in governing the life of a structure. For example, in the case
of an aircraft, impact can take place by a bird hitting a plane while it is cruising, or during take off and
landing the aircraft may be struck by debris that is present on the runway, and as well as other causes.
It must also be calculated for roads if speed breakers are present, in bridge construction where
vehicles punch an impact load, etc.

Impact tests are used in studying the toughness of material. A material's toughness is a factor of its
ability to absorb energy during plastic deformation. Brittle materials have low toughness as a result of
the small amount of plastic deformation they can endure. The impact value of a material can also
change with temperature. Generally, at lower temperatures, the impact energy of a material is
decreased. The size of the specimen may also affect the value of the Izod impact test because it may
allow a different number of imperfections in the material, which can act as stress risers and lower the

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Izod impact strength test - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izod_impact_strength_test

impact energy.

ASTM test for plastics

The ASTM International standard for Izod Impact testing of
plastics is ASTM D256. The results are expressed in energy lost
per unit of thickness (such as ft·lb/in or J/cm) at the notch.
Alternatively, the results may be reported as energy lost per unit
cross-sectional area at the notch (J/m2 or ft·lb/in2). In Europe, Scheme for the determination of
ISO 180 methods are used and results are based only on the Izod impact strength test results.
cross-sectional area at the notch (J/m2). The dimensions of a
standard specimen for ASTM D256 are 63.5 × 12.7 × 3.2 mm (2.5
× 0.5 × 0.125 in). The most common specimen thickness is 3.2 mm (0.13 in), but the width can vary
between 3.0 and 12.7 mm (0.12 and 0.50 in).

See also
Impact force
Fracture mechanics
Shock (mechanics)

References
1. M. Joseph Gordon, Jr. Industrial Design of Plastics Products, Wiley 2003, ISBN 0-471-23151-7
p.199
2. Izod, Gilbert, 'Testing brittleness of steel', Engineering, 25 September 1903, pp. 431-2

Further reading
BS EN ISO 180:2001 - "Plastics. Determination of Izod impact strength"
BS EN ISO 13802:2006 - "Plastics. Verification of pendulum impact-testing machines. Charpy,
Izod and tensile impact-testing"

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