Tes-B-106.04-R0-Deluge System

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PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Q) This document contains proprietary information developed by and for exclusive use of Saudi Electricity
iii Company. Your acceptance of the document is an acknowledgement that it must be used for the identified
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purpose/application and during the period indicated. It cannot be used or copied for any other purposes nor
released to others without prior written authorization of Saudi Electricity Company. Saudi Electricity Company
ci ...... N (') will not be responsible for misuse and/or misapplication, and any harm resulting therefrom. Saudi Electricity
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Company also reserves the right to take any necessary actions to protect its interest against unauthorized use.
ORIGINATED BY CERTIFIED BY APPROVED BY
~~
Engr. Khalaf M.AI-Ma'ashi Engr. Abdullah M. AI-Garni Engr. Saleh N. AI-Sohaibani
Division Manager, Department Manager, Executive Director,
Engineering Support Transmission Standards & Engineering & Projects
Specifications
Date of Approval: April 29, 2009
TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD

TESB10604RO/MHS PAGE NO. 1 OF 37
TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-B-106.04, Rev. 0
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 SCOPE
2.0 CONFLICTS AND DEVIATIONS
3.0 DESIGN CRITERIA
3.1 System Description

3.2 System Operation
3.3 Water Supplies
3.4 Water Densities
3.5 Area Drainage
4.0 APPLICATIONS OF DELUGE SYSTEMS
5.0 DESIGN PROCEDURES
5.1 General
5.2 Water Spray Systems for Horizontal Tanks
5.3 Water Spray Systems for Vertical Tanks
6.0 SYSTEM COMPONENTS
6.1 General
6.2 Deluge Valve
6.3 Fire Detection Equipment
6.4 Control and Indicating Equipment
6.5 Water Spray Nozzles
6.6 Piping
7.0 ELECTRICAL WORK
8.0 TESTS AND COMMISSIONING
8.1 Pressure Tests

8.2 Functional Tests
8.3 Discharge Tests
9.0 REFERENCES
TESB10604R0/MHS Date of Approval: April 29, 2009 PAGE NO. 2 OF 37

1.0 SCOPE
This Transmission Engineering Standard establishes the minimum requirements for the
design, installation, tests and commissioning of deluge water spray system to be used in
Saudi Electricity Company (SEC) in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
2.0 CONFLICTS AND DEVIATIONS
Any conflicts between this Standard and other SEC Engineering Standards (TES), related
SEC Materials Standards Specifications (TMSS), SEC Standard Drawings and other
relevant Codes and Standards shall be resolved by the Fire Prevention Development
Division.
Any deviations or exceptions to the Standard that provide less than the minimum
requirements of this Standard shall require a written approval of the Fire Prevention
Development Division.
3.0 DESIGN CRITERIA
3.1 System Description
The system shall be a deluge type of water spray extinguishing system intended for
the protection of special hazards. The system shall be designed to deliver the water
spray that has a predetermined pattern, particle size, velocity, density and duration
over the protected area or equipment.
The deluge system shall consist basically of the following:
a) A hydraulically designed fixed distribution piping equipped with a deluge

valve and discharge nozzles.
b) A reliable water supply.
c) Fire detection equipment and actuation devices.


3.2 System Operation
3.2.1 General
The deluge system shall be controlled automatically by an electric release

system similar to that shown on Fig. 2-1. The electric release system,
utilizing an automatic fire detection and signaling system, initiates the
operation of the deluge system by opening a solenoid valve in the release
line. The deluge valve, which is held close by the water pressure under
normal conditions, will open to permit water flow into the system when the
pressure in the release line is relieved by opening the solenoid valve. The
deluge system shall also be equipped with manual release devices to allow
for the manual actuation of the system.
3.2.2 Automatic Actuation
The fire detection and alarm system shall control the programmed automatic
actuation of the system.
a. The fire detection and alarm system shall employ fire detectors wired
in a dual-detector dependency. The operation of the fire detectors in a
dual-detector dependency and the alarm signaling system shall
operate as follows:
i. The operation of a single fire detector from any circuit shall

activate the two-tone "warning" alarm and place the
extinguishing system in the "Alarm" mode.
ii. The operation of a second detector from any circuit regardless

of its position shall activate the "Discharge" alarm and
immediately discharges the deluge system.
iii. The simultaneous operation of two or more fire detectors

regardless of their positions and proximity to each other shall
place the deluge system immediately in the "Discharge" mode
and activate the continuous "Discharge" alarm.
b. When flammable gas detectors are employed by the fire detection and
alarm system which controls the deluge system, the gas detection
system shall be designed to operate as follows:
i. At gas concentrations equivalent to 10-20 percent of the

"lower flammability limit", the gas detectors shall operate to
activate the two-tone ''Warning'' alarm.

ii. When the gas concentration reaches 25-50 percent of the

"lower flammability limit", the gas detectors shall trigger the
discharge of the deluge system and activate the continuous
"Discharge" alarm.
3.2.3 Manual Actuation
a. The manual actuation of the deluge system shall be provided by the

following:
i. A remote electric manual release unit is usually a push-button

station housed in a break-glass type of enclosure. The
operation of this device overrides the dual-detector
dependency and immediately discharges the deluge system.
ii. An emergency manual releasing device consisting of a 20 mm

lever-operated ball valve piped to the release line of the
deluge valve and enclosed in a break-glass enclosure mounted
adjacent to the control unit. The opening of the ball valve
releases the pressure in the release line and initiates the
opening of the deluge valve.
b. All manual releasing devices shall be installed in an accessible

location. The devices shall be clearly 1abeled and identified "Manual
Actuation of Deluge System". When the releasing devices for more
than one system are located in the same place, each device shall be
properly 1abeled to identify the system being controlled.
3.2.4 SCADA Interface
Whenever a communication link is provided between the protected facility

and the Power Control Center, the deluge system control unit (or the main
fire alarm control and indicating panel as applicable) shall interface with the
communication equipment (SCADA) to facilitate the transmission of fire
alarm and fault signals to the Power Control Center by means of a dedicated
communications line. The design of the system shall be coordinated with the
SCADA division.
3.3 Water Supplies
3.3.1 Sources
The water supply for the deluge system shall be provided by any of the
following:
i. A listed fire water pump taking suction from a reliable public water
main. A listed O.S & Y shut-off valve and a check valve shall be
installed in the suction line connection to the public water mains.

ii. A listed fire water pump taking suction from a fire water storage tank.
The fire water storage tank shall comply with the applicable
requirements of NFPA 22, Water Tanks for Private Fire Protection.
The fire pump shall comply with the applicable requirements of
NFPA 20, Centrifugal Fire Pumps.
iii. The fire water storage shall be dedicated to the deluge system and the
quantity shall be adequate for a system operation of at least two
hours.
3.3.2 Size of Extinguishing System
i. The available water supply shall be adequate to meet the

hydraulically designed system water demand of a single system or of
multiple systems designed to operate simultaneously. The design
discharge rate for a single system shall not exceed 11,355 liters per
minute (3,000 gpm).
ii. Each separate hazard area or zone shall be protected by a separate

deluge system. Where applicable, the hazard area shall be separated
from the rest of the facility or from other hazard areas by spacing, fire
walls, dikes, special drainage, or by combination of these.
3.4 Water Densities
3.4.1 The water density required for deluge systems designed for cooling or
exposure protection are listed in the Table below:
TYPE OF HAZARD WATER DENSITY

Tanks and vessels (l/min)/m2
a) Exposed uninsulated vertical and inclined 10.20
surfaces, and top and bottom surfaces of vertical
tanks
b) Exposed uninsulated surface of vessel skirts(one 4.10
side only)
c) Uninsulated vertical vessel supports 10.20
d) Uninsulated horizontal vessel supports 4.10

3.4.2 The water density for deluge systems protecting pumps, compressors and
devices handling flammable liquids and gases shall not be less than 20.4
(l/min)/m2. The water spray shall be directed to impinge on the protected
equipment and the surrounding area where spills may accumulate. If the
equipment is located in an enclosed equipment room, the enclosed area shall
also be protected with water spray.
3.4.3 The water density for deluge systems protecting hazards listed in Section 4.1
shall be a minimum of 24.4 (l/min)/m2. The deluge system shall be installed
primarily to prevent the formation of potentially explosive air/fuel mixture by
utilizing the water spray to disperse gas formations resulting from leaks or
spills. The distribution piping and the spray nozzles shall be arranged in a
grid system similar to that of automatic sprinkler systems.
3.5 Area Drainage
3.5.1 Adequate means shall be installed for the effective disposal or containment of
all liquids from the hazard area during the discharge of the deluge system.
Such provisions shall include any one or a combination of the following
methods:
a) Grading
b) Underground or enclosed drains
c) Trenching
d) Diking
3.5.2 When the hazard area is an enclosed space, the drainage system shall be
provided by floor drains or trench drains discharging to an underground pipe
work.
3.5.3 The drainage and/or diking requirements of fuel storage tanks shall comply
with the applicable requirements of the Flammable and combustible Liquids
code, NFPA 30.

4.0 APPLICATION OF DELUGE SYSTEMS
4.1 Deluge systems are suitable for the protection of the facilities listed below:
a) Storage tanks, vessels and equipment (pumps and compressors) handling the
following materials:
1) Flammable and combustible liquids.
2) Industrial and utility gases (hydrogen, acetylene, LPG and LNG).
3) Petrochemical products.
b) Fuel storage (diesel and gasoline).
c) Warehouses/storage facilities storing paint materials, bottled industrial and

utility gases and hazardous chemicals.
4.2 Reference shall be made to the following standards for guidelines in the use of
deluge systems:
a) NFPA 325M, Fire Hazard Properties of Flammable Liquids, Gases and

Volatile Solids.
b) NFPA 49, Hazardous Chemicals Data.

5.0 DESIGN PROCEDURES
5.1 General
The design of a deluge system for exposure protection purposes involves basically
the determination of the system water demand, i.e. discharge rates and duration of
protection, and the provision of a nozzle lay-out configuration to deliver complete
water spray coverage and density to the protected equipment or area.
The Standard establishes the following procedures to serve as guidelines in the

design of deluge systems.
5.2 Water spray Systems for Horizontal Tanks
5.2.1 Tank Data
A detailed survey of the tank and its installation shall be conducted to obtain
the following information:
a) Tank dimensional data
Tank diameter, D
Tank shell length, L
Tank end height, h
b) Contents of Tank
c) Water density required for protection
Water density for shell, d

Water density for supports, dL
d) Size, location and materials for tank supports
e) Location and details of tank appurtenances such as ladders, manholes

and nozzles.
f) Tank installation details such as proximity of other hazard producing

equipment and presence of dikes, walls or barriers.

5.2.2 Calculations for System Water Demand
1. Find the area of the cylindrical shell, As.

As = π DL
2. Find the water required for the shell, Qs.

Qs = As x d
3. Find the area of the ends, Ae .

Use the proper formula for the tank end and neglect the presence of
fittings.
πD 2
Flat End Ae =
4
(D 2 + h 2 )
Spherical End Ae = π
4
D 2
Hemi Spherical End Ae = π
2
4. Find the water required for ends, Qe

Qe = Ae x d
5. Determine the water required for tank appendages, Qa.
If there are appendages to the tank which may increase the basic area
of coverage, estimate the water required to protect these appendages
using the required shell density.
Qa1 = Aa1 x d
Qa = Qa1 + Qa2……
6. Determine the design area for tank legs or supports, AL.
Concrete or fireproofed steel supports generally require no protection.

A short unprotected steel support, up to about 0.30 meters generally
requires no protection as long as it receives some rundown or splash.
Longer unprotected supports shall be protected by spray nozzles over
the design area. (See Fig. 4-4).

7. Determine the water required for tank legs or supports, QL.
QL = AL x dL
8. Determine the total amount of water required, QTOT.
The total amount of water required shall be the sum of the water for
the shell, both ends, the appendages and the supports.
QTOT = Qs + Qe + Qa + QL
9. Assume a nozzle pressure.
Based upon known water supply conditions and/or assumed pump

conditions and supply piping conditions, calculate pressure available
to the tank. Note that in small diameter tanks the static pressure
differential between the highest and lowest nozzles will not be very
great.
10. Select the most probable nozzle arrangement.
The nozzle arrangement shall be designed to provide adequate

coverage and flow with a minimum number of nozzles and without
overspray. The minimum tank diameters that can be effectively
protected by spray nozzles located 0.60 meter from the tank surface
without overspray are listed below:
Nozzle Spray Angle Used in Minimum Tank Diameter in

Degrees Meters
30 0.43
60 1.20
90 3.00
120 8.00
140 19.40
NOTE: Overspray will occur for tank diameters smaller than those
indicated above.

The following guidelines shall be considered in laying out an optimum

nozzle arrangement:
a) Nozzle Direction
Nozzles protecting the tank shell shall be pointed directly at the tank.
Nozzles protecting the tank end shall be pointed directly at the ends
except in the case of flat surfaces. In the case of vertical flat surfaces,
the nozzle shall be pointed down approximately 10 degrees. Nozzles
protecting supports shall be located at the point where the tank
protection will not cover the support and shall point down the length
of the support.
b) Distance of Nozzle from Surface
Unless tanks are located indoors where there are no wind

considerations, the face of the nozzle shall be located no more than
0.60 meter from the surface of the tank.
Small angle nozzles or window sprinklers protecting columns shall be

located close to surface and arranged to spray down the columns.
c) Number of Nozzles
The number of nozzles required to provide complete water spray

coverage to the tank ends and tank shell for both horizontal and
vertical vessels shall be in accordance with the tables listed below:
1. Table 4-1 indicates commonly accepted maximum tank

diameters for effective coverage by uniformly spaced spray
nozzles located 0.60 meter from the surface of vertical or
horizontal tank ends of flat, concave or convex form.
2. Table 4-2 indicates commonly accepted maximum tank

diameters for effective coverage by equal radially spaced
spray nozzles located 0.60 meter from the surface of vertical
or horizontal tanks.
3. Table 4-3 indicates spacing of rings of spray nozzles

protecting horizontal tanks only and the maximum distance of
nozzle to end seam of tank.

d) Support Nozzles
Concrete or adequately fireproofed steel supports require no

protection. Short, unprotected steel supports up to about 0.30 meter
long generally require no protection as long as they receive some
rundown or splash. Steel supports longer than 0.30 meter shall be
protected. A small angle spray nozzle or a window sprinkler shall be
used to apply water spray on the exposed side of a channel or H-beam
constituting the tank support.
11. Find the water required from each nozzle, QR
For each design area divide the water required by the number of
nozzles discharging into the design area.
Qarea
Q ≡
R NumberOfNozzles
12. Select the nozzle
Based on the listed discharge characteristics of the nozzle (K Tables),

select the nozzle with the discharge coefficient, K, that will produce
the discharge closest to the required flow rate, QR, based on an
assumed nozzle pressure.
13. Select the nozzle pressure PN
The nozzle pressure required to deliver the required flow rate, QR

may be calculated by the formula,
QR = k / PN
Where K, a constant, is the discharge coefficient of the selected
nozzle.
14. Adjust the design.
The piping system shall be hydraulically designed to produce the

required flow rate for each design area using the procedures outlined
by Section A-7-2 of NFPA 15. If the total discharge of water into the
design area is below the calculated requirements, additional nozzles
must be installed.




5.3 Water Spray Systems for Vertical Tanks
5.3.1 Tank Data
a) Tank Diameter, D
b) Top height, h
c) Shell Height, H
d) Shell Density Required, d
e) Leg density Required, dL
5.3.2 Calculations for system Water Demand
1. Find the height (L) and number (N) of the shell design areas.
a) Spherical or Hemispherical top tanks
The total shell height shall be divided into two or more areas
such that the height of the upper area is one-third the height of
the lower areas. The height of the lower areas shall not exceed
3.7 meters
L= H/(N+(1/3)) (Solved by trial and error)
b) Smooth Flat or Conical top Tanks (See Fig. 4-2)
L= H/N (Solved by trial and error)
c) Other considerations
If there are appendages to the tank which 'roof off' areas so

that there is no coverage either by rundown or tangential flow,
then these areas shall be constitute additional design areas.
When a flange is encountered on the circumference of a tank,

the design area begins immediately under the flange and
extends downward until the next flange or the bottom.
2. Find The design area of the top, At.
a) Spherical or hemispherical top tanks (See Figure 4-1)
The design area equals the area of the top plus the upper shell
design area.
Spherical Top, Ats = π (D2/4 + h2 + DL/3)

HemiSpherical Top, Ath= π (D2/4+DL/3)

b Flat or conical top tanks (See Figure 4-2)
The design area equals the area of the top
Flat top, Atf = (π /4) D2
Conical top Atc = π D/2 (D2/4 + h2 ) 1/2
3. Find the total water required for the top, Qt.
The total water required for the top equals the design area for the top
times the required density.
Qt = At x d
4. Find the design area for the shell rings, As1.
For smooth tanks the design area will be the same for each ring. For
tanks with appendages or obstructions, design areas may differ. (See
Figure 4-2.)
As1 = π DL
5. Find the water required for the shell rings, Qs.
Water required equals design area times required density for each
ring. In the case of smooth tanks, water demand will be the same for
each ring.
Qs1 = As1 x d
Qs = Qs1 + Qs2 +……
6. Find the design area for the bottom, Ab.
Flat bottom, Abf =(π /4) D2

Spherical bottom, Abs = π (D2/4 + h2 )
HemiSpherical bottom, Abh= (π D2)/2
Conical bottom, Abc = (π D2)/2 (D2/4+ h2 )
7. Find water demand for bottom Qb.
Water demand equals design area of bottom times required density.

Qb =Ab xd

8. Find water required for appendages, Qa.
If there are appendages to the tank which may increase the basic area
of coverage, estimate this area and multiply by the required density to
obtain the additional water required. There are appendages to the tank
which may increase the basic area of coverage, estimate this area and
multiply by the required density to obtain the additional water
required.
Qa1 = Aa1 x d
Qa = Qa1 + Qa2 +……..
9. Find the design area for legs or supports, AL.
Concrete or fireproofed steel supports generally require no protection.

A short, unprotected steel leg up to about 0.030 meter generally
requires no protection as long as it receives some rundown or splash,
longer unprotected legs require spray protection over the design area
indicated in Fig 4-4.
10. Find the water required for legs, QL.
The water required for each leg equals the design area of the leg times
the required density.
QL1 = AL1 x dL
QL = QL1 + QL2 +……..
11. Find the total water required, QTOT.
Total water required equals the sum of the water demand for the top,
bottom, all rings all legs, and all appendages.
QTOT = Qt + Qb + Qa + QL
12. Determine probable nozzle pressure:
Based upon known water supply conditions and/or assumed pump

conditions and supply piping conditions and water demand, calculate
pressure available to the various areas of the tank.

13. Select the most probable nozzle arrangement.
The nozzle arrangement shall be designed to provide adequate

coverage and flow with a minimum number of nozzles and without
overspray. Overspray will occur when a large angle nozzle is used on
a small diameter tank. For nozzles located 0.60 meter from the tank
surface, overspray will occur on tanks smaller than those listed below.
Nozzle Angle Used Minimum Tank Diameter

Degrees Meters
30 0.43
60 1.2
90 3.0
120 8.0
140 19.4
The layout of an optimum nozzle arrangement shall consider the

following factors:
a). Distance of Nozzle from surface
Unless tanks are located indoors where there are no wind

considerations, the surface of the nozzle shall be located no
more than 0.60 meter from the surface of the tank. Small
angle nozzles or window sprinklers protecting columns shall
be located close to surface and arranged to spray down the
columns.
b) Location of Top Nozzles
In designing the tank top protection, a balance shall be

achieved between a few large nozzles delivering a large
quantity of water and many small nozzles delivering a smaller
quantity. Because of the rundown and tangential movement of
the water, it is not necessary to eliminate all theoretical dry
spots, however, these shall be kept to a minimum. On large
diameter tanks, it may be possible to use nozzles of increasing
nozzle angle moving from the center line of the tank to the
outside edge. With flat shall be paid to the top edge of the tank
since there could be no rundown. The top of a flat or conical
top tank shall be protected with a ring of spray nozzles. The
number of nozzles required for tank top protection shall be
determined in accordance with Table 4-1.

c) Location of Shell Nozzles
The shell rings shall be located so that the water spray will
impinge at the top boundary of each shell design area. Nozzles
in each successive rings hall be staggered. The number of
nozzles required for each ring shall be determined in
accordance with Table 4-2.
d) Location of Bottom Nozzles
If the tank is mounted on the ground, no bottom protection is

required. If the tank skirt extends to the ground and encloses
the tank bottom, sufficient protection shall be provided by a
conventional sprinkler or a pendent sprinkler in the upright
position delivering 4.1 (1/min) m2 over the design area.
If the bottom is essentially open, it shall be protected using the

same system of nozzle arrangement as for the top. The
difference is that no gravity run-off can be expected. If the
tank contains a liquid, the heat absorbing capacity of the
bottom will be considerably greater than that of the top. The
number of nozzles required for tank bottom protection shall be
determined in accordance with Table 4-1.
e) Location of Leg Nozzles
Concrete or adequately fireproofed steel legs require no

protection. A short unprotected steel leg up to about 0.30
meter long generally requires no protection as long as it
receives some rundown or splash. Steel support longer than
0.30 meter shall he protected. A small spray angle nozzle or a
window sprinkler shall be used to apply water spray on the
exposed side of a channel or H-beam which constitute the tank
supports.
f). Rundown Considerations
Rundown will occur over the top of spherical top tank and
over the vertical shell. There will be little or no rundown over
the bottom.
There may be projections from the tank which will "roofed

off" certain areas which would normally be covered by
rundown. These areas often require specific nozzle coverage.
In vertical tanks 'roofed off' areas constitute separate design
areas which shall be protected by separate nozzles.

g). Nozzle Direction
Nozzles protecting the tank top and bottom shall be pointed

directly at the tank. Nozzles protecting the tank shell shall be
pointed down 10º. Nozzles protecting legs shall b point down
the length of the leg.
14. Find the water required from each nozzle, QR.
For each design area divide the water required by the number of
nozzles discharging into the design area.
QR = Q area / no. of nozzles
15. Select the nozzle
From the listed discharge characteristics of the nozzle (K Tables)

select the nozzle with the discharge coefficient K that will produce
the discharge closest to the required flow rate QR based on an
assumed nozzle pressure. Nozzle operating pressures range from 138
– 345 kPa (20 – 50 psig).
16. Select the nozzle pressure, PN.
The nozzle pressure PN needed to deliver the required nozzle

discharge QR shall be calculated by the formula QR= K √ PN
17. Adjust the design.
The piping system shall be hydraulically designed to deliver the

required discharge to each design area using the calculation
procedures outlined in NFPA 15. If the total design area is below the
calculated requirements, additional nozzles must be added.





6.0 SYSTEM COMPONENTS
6.1 General
6.1.1 All equipment, devices and associated accessories of the deluge system shall
be listed for their intended applications by accredited testing organizations or
laboratories acceptable to SEC, such as the Underwriters Laboratories Inc.
(UL) and the Factory Mutual Research Corp. (FM).
6.1.2 All equipment and devices shall be designed to function properly in the
temperature range 0˚C to 55˚C and a relative humidity of 100 percent.
6.1.3 Depending on the system design, the fire alarm system operating voltage
shall be either 24V or 12V dc, All electrically operated components such as
fire detectors, remote indicators, solenoid valves, audible and visible alarm
devices, pressure switches and valve supervisory switches shall have
electrical rating compatible with the system operating voltage.
6.2 Deluge Valve
6.2.1 Construction
The deluge valve is a quick-opening pressure-operated flooding valve which

is kept normally closed by a set pressure differential across the valve seat.
The valve will open to initiate the entry of water into the distribution piping
when actuated by the releasing system the deluge valve shall be provided
with the standard operating trim and accessories.
The valve body which may either be 90˚ pattern or straight flow pattern, shall
be of cast iron with cast bronze trim and shall be designed for a minimum
working pressure of 1207 kPa (175 psi) and hydrostatically tested to 2413
kPa (350 psi). The valve shall have standard flanged ends, 125 lb class,
conforming to ANSI B15.5, except for valve size 63 mm which shall have
threaded ends. The valve shall comply with the applicable requirements of
UL 260, Dry Pipe and Deluge Valves for Fire Protection.
6.2.2 Valve Size
The valve shall be sized in accordance with the design flow and frictional
loss criteria established by the system hydraulic calculations. The
recommended valve sizes for given flow rates are indicated in Table 6-1
below.
(NOTE: The valve size selected from Table 6-1 is preliminary and shall be
verified from the listing of the deluge valve approved for the installation).

Table 6 – 1 Deluge Valve Sizes and Flow Rates
Nominal Size mm Capacity 1/min

63 0 - 950
90 475 - ,950
110 950 - 785
165 2,840 - 11,355
6.3 Fire Detection Equipment
6.3.1 Ultraviolet flame detectors listed and approved for outdoor applications shall
be used for monitoring storage tanks containing combustible liquids and
gases.
6.3.2 Storage facilities containing flammable liquids and equipment rooms

handling flammable liquids shall be protected by radiation flame detector. To
enhance the level of protection, the flame detectors shall be used in
combination with heat or gas detectors.
6.3.3 Flammable gas detectors shall be used in monitoring hazards in indoor

storage facilities containing combustible gases, paints, solvents and similar
materials. To enhance the level of safety the gas detectors shall be
supplemented by flame or heat detectors.
6.4 Control and indicated Equipment
6.4.1 Control Unit
a) The control unit shall be modular in construction, suitable for

multizone application and with the required number of fire detection
circuits, alarm and indication circuits and extinguishing release
circuits. The control unit shall be compatible with automatic fire
detectors arranged in a dual-detector dependency and shall have
provisions for class "A" wiring of fire detection and extinguishing
release circuits.
b) The control unit shall provide supervision of all fire detection circuits,
alarm and indication circuits, extinguishing release circuits and power
supplies. In addition, the control unit shall provide supervision of
ground faults and open circuits in all field wiring.
c) The control unit shall provide supervision of water supplies, booster

pumping equipment (if any), and shut-off valves controlling water
supplies to the deluge system.

d) The control unit shall be equipped with the following control devices:
1) A "Reset" switch for resetting the control unit from the alarm
of fault condition to normal condition. The operation of the
"RESET" shall restore the system to normal supervisory
condition.
2) A "Silence Alarm" switch, which when closed. shall

disconnect the fire alarm devices and automatically transfer
the signal to the supervisory buzzer which shall continue to
sound until the system is reset or silenced by the "Trouble
Silence" switch.
3) A "Trouble Silence" switch to silence the audible trouble

signal. The operation on the "Trouble Silence" switch shall
not cancel the visual indication of a fault condition which
remains lighted until the trouble is corrected and the system is
returned to normal. Fault signals caused by troubles in the
extinguishing releases and associated circuits not be silenced
by the "Trouble Silence" switch. All other troubles shall be
silenceable.
4) A "Disconnect" switch to prevent transmission of a fire alarms

signal to the main fire alarm control panel (if any) and/or the
remote manned central station is provided.
5) A "Fire Drill" switch to activate general alarm when

conducting a fire drill. The operation of this key-operated
switch shall not actuate the extinguishing release mechanism.
The control devices listed above shall be key operated

switches with the key removable only in the normal position.
The control devices shall be mounted on the control panel
fascia and shall be accessible without opening the control
panel. The operation of these control switches to the non-
normal position during normal supervisory condition shall
actuate the supervisory trouble buzzer.
6) A "Lamp Test" switch for testing all fire, fault and function
lamp indicators. The operation of this momentary type switch
shall turn on simultaneously all LED lamp indicators.
e) The control unit shall be equipped with a supervised key-operated

manual release. The operation of the manual release immediately
discharges the deluge system and overrides the programmed
automatic actuation.

f) The control unit shall have provisions for inter-facing with the main
fire alarm control panel and/or the remote manned central station
(SEC Power Control Center).
g) The control unit shall have nominal input power supply rating of
220V/127V, ac, single phase, 60 hertz, transformed and rectified to
24 or 12V dc.
The control unit shall be equipped with an automatic standby

(emergency) power supply consisting of sealed lead-acid
maintenance-free batteries and a matching battery charger to supply
the power requirements of the system in case of failure of the normal
ac power. The standby power supply shall be of sufficient capacity to
operate the system including the detection, alarm and indication,
actuation and supervisory functions for a period of not les than 72
hours, and at the end of this period, it shall be capable of operating all
audible indicating appliance for 30 consecutive units.
h) The control unit shall be enclosed in a surface-mounted sheet steel

cabinet with a key-locked hinged cover. The cabinet shall be sized so
that the batteries may be located in the same enclosure. All terminal
strips which have more than 24V dc such as power supply input and
auxiliary relays shall be protective covers for personnel protection.
The ac power input within the panel shall be protected by a circuit
breaker. Fuses are unacceptable.
6.4.2 Solenoid Valve
A 25 mm solenoid valve serves as the release mechanism of the deluge

system that is controlled automatically by an electric release system. The
solenoid valve shall be a two-way, straight flow, normally closed valve with
an explosion proof enclosure.
The solenoid valve shall be suitable for a maximum operating pressure

differential of 1207 kPa (175 psi). The valve shall be mounted on a
horizontal pipe with the coil in the upright position and with the flow
direction as indicated on the valve body. A strainer shall be installed on the
inlet side and as close as possible to the solenoid valve.
6.4.3 Release and Drain Lines
The release and drain lines shall be fabricated of 25 mm nominal pipe size
copper tubing, type K, conforming to ASTM B88 with brazed wrought
copper fittings conforming to ANSI B16.22.

6.4.4 Remote Manual Release Unit
The manual release unit shall be a push-button station in a surface-mounting

enclosure with a break glass front. The operation of the manual release unit
shall override the dual-detector dependency and immediately discharges the
deluge system. The manual release unit shall be compatible with control unit
and shall be UL listed.
The manual release unit shall be installed in an accessible location and

prominently labeled "Manual Actuation of Deluge System".
6.4.5 Remote Annunciators
Remote annunciators of the surface mounting type shall be provided in

constantly manned locations within the premises to give audible and visible
indications of fire and fault signals. The remote annunciator shall be
equipped with a silencing switch to cancel the audible signal only. The
visible indication shall be called only by resetting the deluge system control
unit.
6.4.6 Audible Signaling Devices
The alarm signaling system for a deluge system shall include at least tow
audible alarm circuits to indicate the "Alarm" and "Discharge" modes of the
extinguishing system. The following audible alarm devices shall be used to
indicate a distinctive signal for each level of alarm:
a) The "Alarm" mode shall be given by an alarm horn with a two-tone

sound. The alarm horn shall have a minimum sound power level of 97
db(A) measured at 1.0 meter.
b) The "Discharged" mode shall be given by an alarm horn or alarm bell

with a continuous tone. For outdoor applications, an alarm horn with
a minimum sound power level of 97db(A) shall be used.
The audible alarm devices shall be compatible with the control and
indicating unit and shall comply with the applicable requirements of
UL 464, Audible Signal Appliances. The audible alarm devices shall
be wired in supervised class B circuits.
6.4.7 Shut-Off Valves
The deluge system shall be provided with a shut-off valve installed in the
riser upstream of the deluge valve. The valve shall be an outside screw and
yoke gate valve listed for fire protection service in accordance with UL 262.
The gate valve shall be of cast iron body with bronze trim and shall be
designed for a working pressure of 1207 kPa (175 psi).

The shut-off valve shall be supervised by a listed valve supervisory switch.

The valve supervision shall be designed to indicate two separate and
distinctive signals, one indicating the movement of the valve from its normal
position and the other indicating the restoration of the valve to its normal
position. In addition, the valve supervision shall include the transmission of
audible and visible trouble signals at the control unit when the valve
supervisory switch is detached from the valve.
6.5 Water Spray Nozzles
6.5.1 Construction
The spray nozzles shall be of the open type directional discharge nozzles
fabricated of corrosion resistant materials such as cast brass or aluminum.
Spray nozzles with interchangeable inserts to vary the spray angle shall be
employed for flexibility in the nozzle arrangement. The spray nozzle shall
have standard 20 mm NPT threaded connection. The nozzle orifice size shall
not be less than 6.35 mm.
6.5.2 Nozzle Identification
The nozzle body shall be clearly marked with the model number and the size
of the inlet connection. The nozzle insert shall be marked with the spray
angle, k-factor and the model number. Nozzle inserts with more than one
model number may be used interchangeably with either type of nozzles
indicated.
6.5.3 Nozzle Performance
The listed performance charts or tables of the proposed nozzle type shall be
consulted to evaluate the nozzle discharge characteristics (discharge rate,
distance of throw, spray pattern, operating pressures) and determine its
suitability for an intended deluge system application.
The discharge rate Q of a spray nozzle shall be calculated by using the

equation Q = k/P where K is the discharge coefficient and P is the water
pressure available at the nozzle.

6.6 Piping
6.6.1 Materials
a) All components of the piping system shall be designed for a

minimum working pressure of 1207 kPa (175 psi).
b) For nominal pipe sizes 90 mm and smaller the pipe fittings shall be
galvanized malleable iron threaded fittings, class 150, and
conforming to specification ANSI.3. For nominal pipe sizes 110 mm
and larger, pipe fittings shall be standard weight welding fittings
conforming to ANSI B16.9.
c) Pipe shall be carbon steel, black or galvanized and conforming to

specification ASTM A120 or ASTM A53. For threaded piping system
(nominal pipe sizes 90 mm and smaller) the minimum pipe wall
thickness shall be schedule 40. For welded piping system (nominal
pipe sizes 110 mm and larger) the minimum pipe wall thickness shall
be schedule 30.
d) When steel pipe is joined by listed flexible couplings with pipe

having cut grooves, the minimum pipe wall thickness shall be
schedule 40 for nominal pipe sizes 165 mm and smaller, and schedule
30 for nominal pipe sizes 210 mm and larger.
e) Flanges shall be forged steel, ASTM 105, flat face, class 150 lb and
conforming to ANSI.
6.6.2 Welding
Field welding shall comply with the applicable requirements of NFPA 51B,
Welding and Cutting Processes.
6.6.3 Pipe Hangers
a) The piping system shall be suitably supported and anchored to

withstand without failure the combined effects of deadweight and
dynamic loading imposed on the system.
b) All pipe hanger equipment and accessories shall comply with the
requirements of UL 203, Pipe Hanger Equipment for Fire Protection
Service.

c) The recommended maximum spacing between supports shall be in

accordance with Table 6-2.
Table 6 – 2
Nominal Pipe Size mm Maximum Span meters

20 1.50
25 1.80
32 2.10
40 2.40
50 2.70
63 3.40
75 3.50
90 3.70
110 4.30
165 4.60
210 4.60
d) All pipe hangers located in the fire area shall be protected by

the water spray system to maintain the integrity of the piping
system to operate under a fire condition.
6.6.4 Painting
All pipe work excluding valves shall be painted as per TES-H-107.01 and
color coded as per TES-H-107.02.

7.0 ELECTRICAL WORK
7.1 All electrical equipment wiring associated with the fire detection and alarm system
shall be listed and approved by SEC.
7.2 The electrical installation of the fire alarm system shall comply with the applicable
requirements of Article 760 of the National Electrical Code, NFPA 70.
7.3 All fire detector circuits, extinguishing release circuits and audible appliance circuits
shall use mineral insulated copper-sheath cables (MICC).
8.0 TESTS AND COMMISSIONING
8.1 Pressure Tests
The deluge piping shall be subjected to a field hydrostatic test pressure of 1379 kPa
(200 psi) for at least 2 hours.
8.2 Functional Tests
The functional tests of the fire detection and alarm equipment shall be conducted as
per TES-B-106.01. The functional tests shall include the following:
a) Deluge control unit operations
b) Fire detection circuits
c) All signaling circuits
d) All audible and visible alarms
e) Deluge system release circuits
8.3 Discharge Tests
A full flow discharge test with water shall be conducted to check operational
reliability of the system, including the speed of response of the system and the
effectivity of the water spray coverage.

9.0 REFERENCES
T I T L E PUBLICATION
9.1 Installation of Sprinkler Systems NFPA 13
9.2 Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protection NFPA 15
9.3 Installation of Stationary Pumps for fire protection NFPA 20
9.4 Water Tanks for Private Fire Protection NFPA 22
9.5 Installation of Private Fire NFPA 24

Service Mains and Their Appurtenances
9.6 Recommended Practices for the Supervision of Valves NFPA 26

Controlling Water Supplies for Fire Protection
9.7 Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code NFPA 30
9.8 Hazardous Chemicals Data NFPA 49
9.9 National Electrical Code NFPA 70
9.10 Local Protective Signaling Systems NFPA 72A
9.11 Auxiliary Protective Signaling Systems NFPA 72B
9.12 Remote Station Protective Signaling Systems NFPA 72C
9.13 Proprietary Protective Signaling Systems NFPA 72D
9.14 Automatic Fire Detectors NFPA 72E
9.15 Recommended Practices for Protection of NFPA 80A

Buildings from Exterior & Combustible Liquids
9.16 Standard on Basic Classifications of Flammable NFPA 321

and Combustible Liquids
9.17 Fire Hazard Properties of Flammable Liquids, NFPA 325M

Gases and Volatile Solids
9.18 Fire Detection and Alarm Systems TES-B-106.01
9.19 Tank Spacing/Dikes and Drainage TES-S-101.29

Tes-B-106.04-R0-Deluge System

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TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD

2.0 CONFLICTS AND DEVIATIONS

3.0 DESIGN CRITERIA

3.1 System Description

4.0 APPLICATIONS OF DELUGE SYSTEMS

5.0 DESIGN PROCEDURES

6.0 SYSTEM COMPONENTS

7.0 ELECTRICAL WORK

8.0 TESTS AND COMMISSIONING

8.1 Pressure Tests

TESB10604R0/MHS Date of Approval: April 29, 2009 PAGE NO. 2 OF 37

2.0 CONFLICTS AND DEVIATIONS

3.0 DESIGN CRITERIA

3.1 System Description

The deluge system shall consist basically of the following:

a) A hydraulically designed fixed distribution piping equipped with a deluge

b) A reliable water supply.

c) Fire detection equipment and actuation devices.

TESB10604R0/MHS Date of Approval: April 29, 2009 PAGE NO. 3 OF 37

TESB10604R0/MHS Date of Approval: April 29, 2009 PAGE NO. 4 OF 37

3.2 System Operation

The deluge system shall be controlled automatically by an electric release

3.2.2 Automatic Actuation

i. The operation of a single fire detector from any circuit shall

ii. The operation of a second detector from any circuit regardless

iii. The simultaneous operation of two or more fire detectors

i. At gas concentrations equivalent to 10-20 percent of the

TESB10604R0/MHS Date of Approval: April 29, 2009 PAGE NO. 5 OF 37

ii. When the gas concentration reaches 25-50 percent of the

3.2.3 Manual Actuation

a. The manual actuation of the deluge system shall be provided by the

i. A remote electric manual release unit is usually a push-button

ii. An emergency manual releasing device consisting of a 20 mm

b. All manual releasing devices shall be installed in an accessible

3.2.4 SCADA Interface

Whenever a communication link is provided between the protected facility

3.3 Water Supplies

TESB10604R0/MHS Date of Approval: April 29, 2009 PAGE NO. 6 OF 37

3.3.2 Size of Extinguishing System

i. The available water supply shall be adequate to meet the

ii. Each separate hazard area or zone shall be protected by a separate

3.4 Water Densities

TYPE OF HAZARD WATER DENSITY

d) Uninsulated horizontal vessel supports 4.10

TESB10604R0/MHS Date of Approval: April 29, 2009 PAGE NO. 7 OF 37

3.5 Area Drainage

b) Underground or enclosed drains

TESB10604R0/MHS Date of Approval: April 29, 2009 PAGE NO. 8 OF 37

4.0 APPLICATION OF DELUGE SYSTEMS

1) Flammable and combustible liquids.

2) Industrial and utility gases (hydrogen, acetylene, LPG and LNG).

b) Fuel storage (diesel and gasoline).

c) Warehouses/storage facilities storing paint materials, bottled industrial and

a) NFPA 325M, Fire Hazard Properties of Flammable Liquids, Gases and

b) NFPA 49, Hazardous Chemicals Data.

TESB10604R0/MHS Date of Approval: April 29, 2009 PAGE NO. 9 OF 37

5.0 DESIGN PROCEDURES

The Standard establishes the following procedures to serve as guidelines in the

5.2 Water spray Systems for Horizontal Tanks

5.2.1 Tank Data

a) Tank dimensional data