ENGLISH UTBK PREPARATION 2
The word ’dramatically’ in paragraph 2 is
Text 1
Forests have the ability to regulate water
systems, prevent erosion and flood, and maintain
soil fertility. The ability of forests is inseparable
from the existence of millions and even billions of
trees in a forest area. Trees only store water for
their own needs, and the land saves water.
Billions of trees with their wide canopies
will hold back rain. In this position, rain water does
not directly hit the soil surface, but will fall slowly
through the leaves and flow through the tree trunk.
Then, the soil surface filled with tree trunks will
produce quite a lot of litter originating from organic
materials in the forms of leaf and dry twigs.
Dramatically, littering is heading towards the decay
process. The organic materials are collected on the
soil surface.
Litter blocks the water falling from the
canopy so it does not directly hit the soil. Litter also
functions as a place to live for millions of organisms
(e.g. worms). This organism punctures the land as a
home and place of life. This organism’s behavior
causes the soil surface to become loose and porous.
When rain drops from the canopy fall onto the litter,
the water slowly flows to the soil surface. The loose
and porous top layer of soil will absorb the water
and then the water will be stored in the aquifer, the
underground river.
The soil surface in the forest has high
capacity to absorb rainwater. As a result, most of
the rainwater seeps into the soil; only a little
becomes running water. Running water is the water
that cannot be absorbed by the soil surface. This
water will go down to a lower area. If running water
exceeds the carrying capacity of the river, it can
certainly cause flood. Most of the rainwater that
falls in the forest area will be absorbed by the soil
and stored in the aquifer.
Furthermore, the water stored in the
aquifer will come out regularly through springs.
From these springs, water flows through rivers that
are mostly found in the forest area. In addition,
there is also underground water that comes out as a
spring in the resident wells.
1.
best replaced by ....
A. gradually
B. naturally
C. amazingly
D. surprisingly
E. simultaneously
Pembahasan:
Semua pilihan hamper dikatakan benar. Namun,
jika diperhatikan. Jangan terkecoh dengan kata
“dramatis”, makna yang sesungguhnya yang
terdapat dalam kata tersebut adalah “secara
bertahap” atau “gradually”.
Dramatically, littering is heading towards the decay
process. The organic materials are collected on the
soil surface. (secara bertahap daun-daun gugur.
Seluruh material terkumpul di atas lapisan tanah.)
Mungkin ada dari kamu yang memilih C. Namun, C
dan D memiliki makna yang sama. Maka, mereka
bukan jawaban terbaik.
2. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Water guarantees millions of
organisms to survive in forest areas.
B. Land stores and releases water
through various processes.
C. Litter gradually flows water to the soil
surface.
D. Trees store water to fulfill human daily
needs.
E. Forests have various benefits for
human life.
Pembahasan:
Teks tersebut secara keseluruhan membahas
bagaimana sebuah lahan menyimpan dan
memproduksi air bersih. Pada masing-masing
paragraf, kita akan menemukan proses
penyimpanan dan pendistribusian air yang berasal
dari air hujan menjadi air tanah.
P.2= proses air hujan yang menuju ke tanah dengan
melalui ranting dan dahan di hutan yang dipenuhi
pohon-pohon yang memiliki kanopi besar.
P.3= Tanah yang menjadi gembur akibat banyaknya
material daun di atasnya membantu penyerapan air
hujan menjadi air tanah atau sungai bawah tanah.
P.4= kemampuan permukaan tanah di lahan hutan
yang mampu menyerap air hujan dalam jumlah
besar
P.5= Air tanah yang tersimpan secara regular akan
dialirkan sepanjang musim semi.
3. With the sentence ‘This organism's
behavior causes the soil surface to become
loose and porous’ in paragraph 3, the
writer intends to ....
A. describe the organism and its behavior
against loose soil
B. confirm the behavior of organisms in
loose soil
C. compare the loose soil with the porous
soil
D. uncover natural processes at soil
erosion
E. explain the causes of soil erosion
Pembahasan:
Perhatika arti dari statement tersebut adalah
“Organisme tersebut membantu permukaan tanah
menjadi gembur dan tidak padat”
Hal ini berarti penulis ingin menunjukkan bahwa
organisme lah yang menjadi penyebab terjadinya
erosi tanah.
4. What most likely motivates the writer in
writing the passage?
A. There is an unresolved flood problem.
B. People’s awareness towards
reforestation is low.
C. Not many people understand the
benefits of water for forests.
D. There is the fallacious concept that
trees store large amount of water.
E. The information about the importance
of trees in storing water is not
available.
Pembahasan:
Yang paling melatarbelakangi mengapa penulis
menulis karangan ini adalah adanya kesalahan
konsep di masyarakat selama ini bahwa pohonlah
yang menyimpan air. Padahal tanahlah yang
berfungsi sebagai tempat penyimpanan air.
Ada pada paragraph pertama. “Trees only store
water for their own needs, and the land saves
water.”
Text 2
Cold storage, or refrigeration, is keeping
food at temperatures between 32 and 45 degrees F
in order to delay the growth of microorganism –
bacteria, molds, and yeast – that cause food to spoil.
Refrigeration produces few changes in food, so
meat, fish, eggs, milk, fruits, and vegetables keep
their original flavor, color, and nutrition. Before
artificial refrigeration was invented, people stored
perishable food with ice or snow to lengthen its
storage time. Preserving food by keeping it in an
ice-filled pit is a 4000-year-old art. Cold storage
areas were built in basements, cellars, or caves,
lined with wood or straw, and packed with ice. The
ice was transported from mountains or harvested
from local lakes or rivers.
Artificial refrigeration is the process of
removing heat from a substance, container, or
enclosed area, to lower its temperature. The heat is
moved from the inside of the container to the
outside. A refrigerator uses the evaporation of a
volatile liquid or refrigerant, to absorb heat. In most
types of refrigerators, the refrigerant is compressed,
pumped through a pipe, and allowed to vaporize. As
the liquid turns to vapor, it absorbs heat because
the molecules of vapor use energy to leave the
liquid. The molecules left behind have less energy
and so the liquid becomes colder. Thus, the air
inside the refrigerator is chilled.
Willem Cullen demonstrated artificial
refrigeration in Scotland in 1748, when he let ethyl
ether boil into partial vacuum. In 1805, American
inventor Oliver Evans designed the first
refrigeration machine that used vapor instead of
liquid. In 1842, Gorrie’s basic principle of
compressing a gas, and then sending it through
radiating coils to cool it, is the one most often used
in refrigeration. In the same year, an Australian
printer, James Harrison, built an ether refrigerator
after noticing that when he cleaned his type with
ether it became very cold as the ether evaporated.
Five years later, Harrison introduced vapor–
compression refrigeration to the brewing and meat
packing industries.
5. The best title of the above text is ….
A. Artificial Refrigeration
B. The Process of Refrigeration
C. The Development of Refrigeration
 D. Decreasing Food Spoiling Through In a new study, scientists conclude that the
Refrigeration glaciers in the Mount Everest region have shrunk by
E. Reducing The Growth of 13 percent in the last 50 years. They also found that
Microorganism In Refrigeration the snowline in the area has shifted up by 590 feet.
Pembahasan: Scientists who conducted the study believe
Awal paragraph membahas bagaimana awal that the increased rate at which the snow and ice is
manusia menyimpan makanan agar bertahan lebih melting is compounded by the fact that the overall
lama. snowfall in the area has been declining since the
early 1990s. According to the researchers, the
Paragraf 2 membahas awal ditemukannya cara glaciers that are smaller than one square kilometer
pengawetan buatan are disappearing faster than other ice structures.
Their surface area has declined 43% since the
Paragraph 3 membahas telah ditemukannya mesin 1960s.
pengawet makanan. When the ice melts away, the glaciers
reveal previously hidden rock and debris. The
Maka, dapat disimpulkan jawabannya adalah C. visible debris-covered sections have increased by
17 percent since 1960s.
6. The word “perishable” in paragraph 1 is In a statement, the researchers said they
closest in meaning to .… assumed that the decline of snow and ice in the
A. Uncooked Everest region was a direct result of “human
B. Long lasting generated greenhouse gases altering global
C. Of animal origin climate?” However, they clarified that they have not
D. Highly nutritious yet established “a firm connection between the
E. Capable of spoiling mountains’ changes and climate change.” This
Pembahasan: shows that their effort reflects pessimism to a
Apabila kita tidak mengetahui arti dari kata certain extent.
tersebut, cobalah untuk menganalisa. Pada teks kita Sudeep Thakuri, a doctoral student at the
membahas proses penyimpanan atau pengawetan University of Milan in Italy who is leading the
makanan agar lebih bertahan lama. research, explained in a statement that his team was
able to see satellite imagery and topographic maps
Jawaban yang paling memungkinkan adalah to figure out the glacial history of the Sagarmatha
“capable of spoiling” atau “mudah rusak”. National Park area.
In order track the temperatures and
7. According to the passage, the first person to precipitation rates, his team used
use artificial refrigeration for a practical hydrometeorological data from the Nepal Climate
purpose was …. Observatory and Nepal’s Department of Hidrology.
A. Oliver Evans They found that the area has had a 1.08-degree-
B. William Cullen Fahrenheit increase in temperatures and 3.9-inch
C. James Harrison decrease in precipitation since 1992. Front this
D. John Gorrie study researchers are hoping to gather information
E. Not mentioned in the text that will help minimize water rights issues as the
Pembahasan: area continues to warm. “
Menurut saya orang yang pertama menggunakan The Himalayan glaciers and ice caps are
teknologi pengawetan artificial untuk tujuan praktis considered a water tower for Asia since they store
adalah James Harison, dimana ia menggunakan and supply water downstream during the dry
teknologi tersebut pada indusri daging. season.” Said Thakuri. “Downstream populations
are dependent on the melt water for agriculture,
Text 3 drinking, and power production.”
Researchers have found that changes in the
Earth’s climate have significantly impacted the 8. It can be inferred from the passage that .…
world’s tallest mountain. A. Climate change impacts the Himalayan
glaciers.
 B. The Mount Everest area is most
affected by climate change.
C. Researchers utilized sophisticated
methods to observe climate change.
D. Sooner or later the Himalayan regions
will become glacierless.
E. Expert predicted that people around
Mount Everest had agricultural
problems.
Pembahasan:
Dari teks kesimpulan yang menurut saya paling
masuk akal adalah A. “Perubahan iklim
berpengaruh pada glasier di wilayah Himalaya”
C. The decline of snow and ice in the
Everest region was a direct result of
human-generated greenhouse gases.
D. The glaciers that are smaller than one
square kilometer are disappearing
faster than other ice structures.
E. The glaciers in the Mount Everest
region have shrunk by 13 percent in
the last 50 years
Pembahasan:
Opsi A adalah pendapat pribadi atau prasangka
pribadi penulis. Opsi yang lain merupakan pendapat
para ahli yang dibuat oleh penulis dalam tulisannya.

9. The sentence “The visible debris-covered

sections have increased by 17 percent since
1960s,” can best be restated as ….
A. The debris-covered areas have been
visibly increasing over 17 percent since
the 1960s.
B. Since the 1960s debris-covered areal
increased around 17 percent.
C. Since the 1960s, the debris-covered
areas have been seen to have widened
up to 17 percent.
D. The visibility of the debris-covered
areas has increased below 17 percent
since the 1960s.
E. The increase of the visible debris-
covered areas has reached 17 percent
since the 1960s.
Pembahasan:
Mari berpikir sederhana tentang bagaimana kalimat
yang baik dalam Bahasa Inggris. SPOK.
Maka ““The visible debris-covered sections have
increased by 17 percent since 1960s,” akan menjadi
lebih baik bila diganti dengan “The debris-covered
areas have been visibly increasing over 17 percent
since the 1960’s.
Kata “visible seharusnya menjelaskan “verb”
increasing. Tenses yang paling baik juga
terdapat pada opsi A.

10. Which of the following obviously shows the

author’s bias?
A. This shows that their effort reflects
pessimism to a certain extent.
B. Downstream populations are
dependent on the melt water for
agriculture, drinking and power
production.