Responsible Self: My Commitment to Lifelong Growth
= respond appropriately to
 Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences
 Intelligence
- the ability to acquire and apply
knowledge and skills
- the capacity for logic,
understanding, self-awareness,
learning, emotional knowledge,
reasoning, planning, creativity,
critical thinking and problem
solving.
 IQ
- a measurement of intelligence and
is expressed in a number.
 Human Potential
- can be tied to one’s preferences
to learning.
- Gardner’s focus on human
potential lies in the fact that
people have a unique blend of
capabilities and skills
(intelligences).
- This model can be used to
understand “overall personality,
preferences and strengths”.
 Types of Intelligences
1) Naturalist Intelligence
- Experience the great outdoors.
- Do gardening.
2) Visual-Spatial Intelligence
= ‘picture smart’ persons.
 Play Puzzles.
3) Verbal-Linguistic Intelligence
= Word smart people
= great capacities in writing,
reading, teaching and listening
4) Mathematical-Logical Intelligence
= number smart people
= skill to think abstractly and
conceptually
5) Musical Intelligence
= ‘musical smart’ persons
= can appreciate and produce
perfect timbre, rhythm and pitch.  sensation -seeking- the motivation
6) Bodily-kinesthetic Intelligence
=control one’s body
movements.
7) Interpersonal intelligence
the moods, motivations and desires of
others
8) Intrapersonal Intelligence
= capacity to be self-aware
and in tune with inner feelings, values,
beliefs and thinking processes
9) Existential intelligence
= sensitivity and capacity to
tackle deep questions about human
existence.
 Contributors to Intelligence
a. Heredity
b. Environment
 MOTIVATION
= THE FORCE THAT MOVES PEOPLE TO BEHAVE,
THINK, AND FEEL THE WAY THEY DO.
 Theories of Motivation
a) Evolutionary Theory
= The motivation for sex,
achievement, aggression and other behaviors
is rooted in the organisms.
= If the specie is HIGHLY
COMPETITIVE, it is because such
competitiveness has improved its chances of
survival, and it is then passed down through
genes from generation to generation.
b) Drive Reduction Theory
c) Optimum Arousal Theory
= The Yerkes-Dodson Law states
that performance is at its highest under
conditions of moderate arousal rather than
high or low arousal.
 LOW AROUSAL – one might be too
lazy or unwilling to perform the
task
 HIGH AROUSAL – one might not be
able to concentrate on performing
the task.
 KIND of TASK –e.g. mathematics
problems ---low arousal
 PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS –
to experience varied, novel,
complex, and intense feelings and
experiences.
d) Cognitive approach
 Intrinsic
 Extrinsic
Motivation
= The why, or purpose behind responding
= Latin movere “move”
= The driving force that moves us to -a
particular action

 Theories of Motivation
1) Drive reduction theory
Clark Hull
- focuses on “homeostasis”
- states that motivation arises out
of a need state
Ex:
NEED FOR FOOD 3) Humanistic

DRIVE (HUNGER) EAT FOOD

EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY NEED IS SATISFIED

TO FIND FOOD

Needs – inherently biological states of deficiency that

compel drives.

Drives – the perceived states of tension that occur

when our bodies are deficient in some need, creating an
urge to relieve tension.

NEED+ DRIVE=MOTIVATED BEHAVIOR

2) Incentive Theory
Kenneth Spence
= INCENTIVE – is aroused as an
organism approaches a GOAL and anticipates
performing the behavior that obtains the
reinforcer.

= any external events or objects that

motivates behavior.

“Behavior is pulled rather than pushed”