MATH 7 MODULE

Module No. 1 : Week 1 : First Quarter

BASIC CONCEPTS ON SETS AND SET OPERATIONS

Learning Competencies

The learner illustrates well-defiined sets, subsets, universal sets, null

sets, and cardinality of sets.
Code: M7NS-Ia-1

Objectives

The learner differentiates basic concepts on sets and creates their

own examples of each.

Let’s Recall

A set is a well-defined group of distinct objects that share a common

characteristic. The objects in a set are called elements or members of the
set.
A group is well-defined when one can be certain whether an object is a
part of the set or not. This means it is not free to different interpretation when
viewed or judged by different people.
• If the given collection/group is subjective, it is not a set.
• A set is usually named using an uppercase or capital letter. Letter used
as elements of sets are usually written in lowercase.
• Elements of a set are separated by commas (the position can be
interchanged) and enclosed with curly braces { }. As a norm, an
element of a set is only written once.
• The symbol ∈ is read as “is an element” while ∉ is read as “not an
element”.

Example: Tell whether the following collections are set.

a. pretty students in your school

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It is not a set, because it is not well-defined. A student may be pretty

for one but not for another. Also, we are not given the criteria to determine
if a student is pretty.
b. secondary colors
The secondary colors are green, orange, and violet. It is well-defined,
therefore it is a set.
c. counting number less than 8
It is a set. Counting numbers less than 8 is N = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}.
Given the set, we can say: 7 ∈ N or 7 is an element of set N but 8 ∉ N or 8
is not an element of set N.
d. delicious food
It is not a set, because a food may be delicious for one person but may
not be delicious for another individual.

A. Write S if the given is a well-defined set or NS if not.

_____1. reliable government officials
_____2. current Philippine senators
_____3. counting numbers
_____4. favorite computer games of the students
_____5. good basketball players in the UAAP
_____6. states of matter
_____7. basic senses of the body
_____8. intelligent students in your section
_____9. science teachers in your school
_____10. zodiac signs
_____11. rich families in the Philippines
_____12. systems of the human body
_____13. classifications of triangle according to sides
_____14. cheap food in the school canteen
_____15. uri ng panghalip

B. Supply the missing elements of the sets and identify/describe the name of
these sets by writing only the letter in the blank provided before each
number.

A. cardinal directions I. months of the year

B. colors of the rainbow
C. components of MAPEH
D. continents of the world
E. days of the week
F. deadly sins or cardinal sins
G. fundamental operations in math
J. oceans on Earth
K. parts of speech
L. provinces that represent the sun
rays in the Philippine flag
M. ranks in Mobile Legends
N. Sol-Fa syllables
O. types of sentences according to

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use
H. Hogwarts houses P. weekends

_____1. {Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, _______, Thursday, Friday,

_______}
_____2. {_______, Arts, Physical Education, _______}
_____3. {Red, _______, Yellow, Green, _______, Indigo, Violet}
_____4. {Africa, Antarctica, _______, Australia, Europe, _______, South
America}
_____5. {Do, _____, Mi, Fa, Sol, _____, Ti}
_____6. {Pacific, Atlantic, ________, Southern, ________}
_____7. {Sloth, Pride, ________, Anger, Gluttony, Lust, ________}
_____8. {Noun, Pronoun, Verb, ________, Adverb, Conjunction,
________, Interjection}
_____9. {Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, ________, Cavite, Laguna, Batangas,
________, Manila}
_____10. {January, ________, March, April, May, June, July, August,
________, October, November, December}
_____11. {________, Interrogative, ________, Exclamatory}
_____12. {North, ________, ________, South}
_____13. {________, Subtraction, ________, Division}
_____14. {Gryffindor, ________, ________, Slytherin}
_____15. {Warrior, Elite, ________, Grandmaster, Epic, Legend,
________}

Let’s Understand

Ways of Describing Sets

A. Roster Method Examples:

or Listing 1. 𝑊 = {𝑆𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑑𝑎𝑦, 𝑆𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑦}
Method • W is the set containing the elements Saturday
The elements of and Sunday. or
the set are listed • W is the set whose elements are Saturday and
between braces, Sunday
with commas 2. 𝑀 = {𝐴𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑙, 𝐴𝑢𝑔𝑢𝑠𝑡 , 𝑂𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑏𝑒𝑟}
between the 3. 𝐸 = {1, 2, 4, 8}
elements.
B. Word Examples:
Description 1. 𝑊 = {𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑘𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑠
This uses a • W is the set of weekends.

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short statement to 2. 𝑀 = {𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑏𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑣𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑙}

describe the set. 3. 𝐸 = {𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑓 8}
C. Set Builder Examples:
Notation or Rule 1. 𝑊 = {𝑥|𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑘𝑒𝑛𝑑 }
Method • W is the set of all x’s such that x is a weekend.
It uses a rule to 2. 𝑀=
describe the {𝑥|𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑏𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑣𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑙}
elements of the set 3. 𝐸 = {𝑥 |𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑓 8}
to know whether a
particular element
is in that set or not.

Finite and Infinite Sets

A finite set is a set in which it is possible to list and count all the
members of the set.
An infinite set is a set in which it is not possible to list and count all the
members of the set.
Example: Determine which sets are finite or infinite.
a. 𝐸 = {𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠}
b. 𝐹 = {𝑥|𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑓 12 }
c. 𝐺 = {𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑒, 𝑓𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑒}
d. 𝐻 = {𝑥| 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑤ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 }
Solution:
F and G (b and c) are finite sets since you can list and count all the
elements of F (there are 6 elements which are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12) and G (2
elements).
E and H (a and d) are infinite sets because you cannot list and count
the elements of even numbers {0, 2, 4, 6, 8, … } and whole numbers
{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, … }.

Cardinality of a Set
The cardinality of a finite set A denoted by 𝒏(𝑨) or |𝑨| is the number
of distinct elements in the set.
Example: Find the cardinality of the following sets.
a. 𝐷 = {𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑘𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠}
b. 𝐽 = {𝐽𝑎𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑦, 𝐽𝑢𝑛𝑒, 𝐽𝑢𝑙𝑦}
c. 𝑃 = {𝑥|𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑜𝑑𝑑 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 1 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 10}
Solution:
a. 𝒏(𝑫) = 𝟓; The elements of D are Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday,
Thursday, and Friday.

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b. 𝒏(𝑱) = 𝟑; There are three elements in J.

c. 𝒏(𝑷) = 𝟒; {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, … } is the set of odd numbers. The rule
given in P is greater than 1 but less 10 hence the elements of P are 3,
5, 7, and 9 only.

Empty Set or Null Set

A set without elements is called an empty set or a null set and is
denoted by { } or the symbol ∅.
Example: Which of the following is/are empty set/s?
a. 𝑍 = {0}
b. 𝑇 = {12 − 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡 − 𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝐹𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑜 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑡𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑦𝑒𝑟𝑠}
c. 𝑊 = {𝑥 |𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑤ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 1.1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 1.9}
Solution:
a. Z is not an empty since there is one element in the set, which is 0.
b. T is an empty set because there is no Filipino basketball player
whose height is 12 ft.
c. W is an empty set because the there is no whole number between
1.1 and 1.9.

Equal and Equivalent Sets

Two sets A and B are equal if they have exactly the same elements.
Two sets A and B are equivalent if they have the same number of
elements (cardinality).
Example:
Given: 𝑊 = {𝑐, 𝑎, 𝑟, 𝑒} 𝑋 = {𝑟𝑒𝑑, 𝑏𝑙𝑢𝑒, 𝑦𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤}
𝑌 = {1, 2, 3} 𝑍 = {𝑟, 𝑎, 𝑐, 𝑒}
Which of the given sets are equal? equivalent?
Solution:
𝑾 = 𝒁 (W is equal to Z); {𝑐, 𝑎, 𝑟, 𝑒} = {𝑟, 𝑎, 𝑐, 𝑒}, the two sets have
exactly the same elements which are a, c, e, and r.
𝑿 ~ 𝒀 (X is equivalent to Y); The two sets have the same number of
elements, which 3.

Universal Set
Universal set or universe is the set that contains all objects under
consideration.
Examples:
a. Suppose we are going to consider only months of the year with
exactly 30 days. Then, 𝒰 = {𝐴𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑙, 𝐽𝑢𝑛𝑒, 𝑆𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟, 𝑁𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟}, since
𝒰 contains all the months of the year with exactly 30 days.
b. Suppose we are going to consider the odd numbers. Then,

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𝒰 = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, … }, since 𝒰 contains all odd numbers.

Note: There can be different universal sets.

Subsets and Proper Subsets

Let A and B be sets.
A is a subset of B, denoted by A ⊆ B, if and only if every element of A
is also an element of B.
A is a proper subset of B, denoted by A ⊂ B, if and only if every
element of A is also an element of B, and A is not equal to B.
Example: Find all the subsets of the following:
a. 𝐾 = {𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑, 𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑, 𝑔𝑎𝑠}
b. 𝑃 = {𝑥|𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 2 𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 10 }
Solution:
a. 𝐾 = {𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑, 𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑, 𝑔𝑎𝑠}
Subsets of K: Proper Subsets of K:
∅ ∅
{𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑 } {𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑 }
{𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑} {𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑}
{𝑔𝑎𝑠} {𝑔𝑎𝑠}
{𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑, 𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑} {𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑, 𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑}
{𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑, 𝑔𝑎𝑠} {𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑, 𝑔𝑎𝑠}
{𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑 , 𝑔𝑎𝑠} {𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑 , 𝑔𝑎𝑠}
{𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑, 𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑 , 𝑔𝑎𝑠}

b. 𝑃 = {2, 4, 6, 8}
Subsets of P: Proper Subsets of P:
∅ {4, 6} ∅ {4, 6}
{2} {4, 8} {2} {4, 8}
{4} {6, 8} {4} {6, 8}
{6} {2, 4, 6} {6} {2, 4, 6}
{8} {2, 4, 8} {8} {2, 4, 8}
{2, 4} {2, 6, 8} {2, 4} {2, 6, 8}
{2, 6} {4, 6, 8} {2, 6} {4, 6, 8}
{2, 8} {2, 4, 6, 8} {2, 8}

Note: Empty set or null set (∅ or { }) is always a subset of any set.

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Number of Subsets Number of Proper Subsets

𝒏
𝟐 𝟐𝒏 − 𝟏
where n is the number of elements where n is the number of elements
of the given set. of the given set.
Examples: Examples:
a. 𝐾 = {𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑, 𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑, 𝑔𝑎𝑠} a. 𝐾 = {𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑, 𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑, 𝑔𝑎𝑠}
𝑛(𝐾 ) = 3 𝑛(𝐾 ) = 3
23 = 2 ∙ 2 ∙ 2 = 8 23 − 1 = 8 − 1
∴ K has 8 subsets. =7
b. 𝑃 = {2, 4, 6, 8} ∴ K has 7 proper subsets.
( )
𝑛 𝑃 =4 b. 𝑃 = {2, 4, 6, 8}
4
2 = 2 ∙ 2 ∙ 2 ∙ 2 = 16 𝑛(𝑃 ) = 4
4
∴ P has 16 subsets. 2 − 1 = 16 − 1
= 15
∴ P has 15 proper subsets.

OPERATIONS ON SETS

Union of Sets
The union of two sets A and B, denoted by 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵, is the set of all
elements that belong to A, to B, or to both.

Intersection of Sets
The intersection of two sets A and B, denoted by 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵, is the set of
all elements that belong to both A and B.

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Complement of a Set
The complement of a set A is the set of all elements that belong to the
universe 𝒰 but do not belong to A. It is denoted by A’ or Ac.

Set Difference
The difference of A and B, denoted by 𝐴 − 𝐵, is the set of elements,
which belong to A but not to B.

Example 1: Let 𝒰 = {𝑗, 𝑢, 𝑥, 𝑡, 𝑎, 𝑝, 𝑜, 𝑠, 𝑒, 𝑑 } be the universal set.

Given: 𝐾 = {𝑥, 𝑝, 𝑜, 𝑠, 𝑒, 𝑑 }
𝑉 = {𝑡, 𝑎, 𝑥, 𝑒, 𝑑 }
𝑁 = {𝑗, 𝑜, 𝑢, 𝑠, 𝑡}

Find:
1. 𝐾 ∪ 𝑁 5. (𝐾 ∩ 𝑁)′
2. 𝐾 ∩ 𝑉 6. (𝑉 ∪ 𝐾)′
3. 𝑉 ′ 7. (𝐾 ∪ 𝑉 ) − 𝑁
4. 𝑁 − 𝑉 8. 𝐾′ ∪ (𝑉 ∩ 𝑁)

Solution:
1. 𝐾 ∪ 𝑁 = {𝑥, 𝑝, 𝑜, 𝑠, 𝑒, 𝑑 } ∪ {𝑗, 𝑜, 𝑢, 𝑠, 𝑡}
= {𝒙, 𝒑, 𝒐, 𝒔, 𝒆, 𝒅, 𝒋, 𝒖, 𝒕}

2. 𝐾 ∩ 𝑉 = {𝑥, 𝑝, 𝑜, 𝑠, 𝑒, 𝑑 } ∩ {𝑡, 𝑎, 𝑥, 𝑒, 𝑑 }
= {𝒙, 𝒆, 𝒅}

3. 𝑉 ′ = {𝑡, 𝑎, 𝑥, 𝑒, 𝑑 }′

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= {𝒋, 𝒖, 𝒑, 𝒐, 𝒔}

4. 𝑁 − 𝑉 = {𝑗, 𝑜, 𝑢, 𝑠, 𝑡} − {𝑡, 𝑎, 𝑥, 𝑒, 𝑑 }
= {𝒋, 𝒐, 𝒖, 𝒔}

5. (𝐾 ∩ 𝑁) ′ = ( {𝑥, 𝑝, 𝑜, 𝑠, 𝑒, 𝑑 } ∩ {𝑗, 𝑜, 𝑢, 𝑠, 𝑡} )′
= ({𝑜, 𝑠})′
= {𝒋,𝒖, 𝒙, 𝒕, 𝒂, 𝒑, 𝒆, 𝒅}

6. (𝑉 ∪ 𝐾 )′ = ( {𝑡, 𝑎, 𝑥, 𝑒, 𝑑 } ∪ {𝑥, 𝑝, 𝑜, 𝑠, 𝑒, 𝑑 })′

= ({𝑡, 𝑎, 𝑥, 𝑒, 𝑑, 𝑝, 𝑜, 𝑠})′
= {𝒋,𝒖}

7. (𝐾 ∪ 𝑉 ) − 𝑁 = ({𝑥, 𝑝, 𝑜, 𝑠, 𝑒, 𝑑 } ∪ {𝑡, 𝑎, 𝑥, 𝑒, 𝑑 }) − {𝑗, 𝑜, 𝑢, 𝑠, 𝑡}

= ({𝑥, 𝑝, 𝑜, 𝑠, 𝑒, 𝑑, 𝑡, 𝑎}) − {𝑗, 𝑜, 𝑢, 𝑠, 𝑡}
= {𝒙, 𝒑, 𝒆, 𝒅, 𝒂}

8. 𝐾 ′ ∪ (𝑉 ∩ 𝑁) = {𝑥, 𝑝, 𝑜, 𝑠, 𝑒, 𝑑 }′ ∪ ({𝑡, 𝑎, 𝑥, 𝑒, 𝑑 } ∩ {𝑗, 𝑜, 𝑢, 𝑠, 𝑡})

= {𝑗, 𝑢, 𝑡, 𝑎} ∪ {𝑡}
= {𝒋, 𝒖, 𝒕, 𝒂}

***Other solution: Using Venn diagram

Venn Diagram
A Venn diagram is a diagram that shows all the logical relations
between a finite collection of different sets. A Venn diagram consists of
multiple overlapping closed curves, usually circles, each representing a set. It
was introduced by John Venn around 1880.

A. Venn Diagram with Two Sets

𝒰
I: Elements that belong to A only.
II: Elements that belong to both A and B.
I II III III: Elements that belong to B only.
IV: Elements that do not belong to either
A or B.
A B IV

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B. Venn Diagram with Three Sets

𝒰 I: Elements that belong to A only

II: Elements that belong to A and B
but not to C
I II III III: Elements that belong to B only
IV: Elements that belong to A and
V
IV VI C but not to B
V: Elements that belong to A and B
A B and C
VII VI: Elements that belong to B and
C but not to A
VIII VII: Elements that belong to C only
C VIII: Elements that do not belong
to any of the sets

Steps on how to solve problems involving set operations using Venn diagram:
1. Illustrate a correct representation of the given sets (Venn diagram).
2. Know the Venn diagram of each operation (shaded regions).
3. Look at the illustration and pick the elements depending on the operation/s
in the given problem (what are you looking for).

Represent the given sets using Venn Diagram

Let 𝒰 = {𝑗, 𝑢, 𝑥, 𝑡, 𝑎, 𝑝, 𝑜, 𝑠, 𝑒, 𝑑 } be the universal set.
Given: 𝐾 = {𝑥, 𝑝, 𝑜, 𝑠, 𝑒, 𝑑 }
𝑉 = {𝑡, 𝑎, 𝑥, 𝑒, 𝑑 }
𝑁 = {𝑗, 𝑜, 𝑢, 𝑠, 𝑡}

𝑥 𝑒 𝑑
𝑝 𝑎

K 𝑜 𝑠 𝑡
V

𝑗 𝑢

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Solution:
1. 𝐾 ∪ 𝑁 = {𝒙, 𝒑, 𝒐, 𝒔, 𝒆, 𝒅, 𝒋, 𝒖, 𝒕}
2. 𝐾 ∩ 𝑉 = {𝒙, 𝒆, 𝒅}
3. 𝑉 ′ = {𝒋, 𝒖, 𝒑, 𝒐, 𝒔}
4. 𝑁 − 𝑉 = {𝒋, 𝒐, 𝒖, 𝒔}
5. (𝐾 ∩ 𝑁) ′ = {𝒋, 𝒖, 𝒙, 𝒕, 𝒂, 𝒑, 𝒆, 𝒅}
6. (𝑉 ∪ 𝐾 )′ = {𝒋, 𝒖}
7. (𝐾 ∪ 𝑉 ) − 𝑁 = {𝒙, 𝒑, 𝒆, 𝒅, 𝒂}
8. 𝐾 ′ ∪ (𝑉 ∩ 𝑁) = {𝒋,𝒖, 𝒕, 𝒂}

Example 2: Refer on the figure to find the following sets:

a. 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵
b. 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶
c. 𝐶 − 𝐴
d. 𝐴 − 𝐵
e. 𝐶′
f. (𝐵 ∪ 𝐶)′
g. (𝐵 − 𝐶 ) ∪ 𝐴
h. (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ) − 𝐶

Solution:
a. {𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑, 𝑘, 𝑗, 𝑚, 𝑛, 𝑝} e. {𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑, 𝑗, 𝑘, 𝑙}
b. {𝑛, 𝑝} f. {𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑙}
c. {ℎ, 𝑖, 𝑝, 𝑞} g. {𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑, 𝑗, 𝑘, 𝑚, 𝑛}
d. {𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑚} i. {𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑, 𝑗, 𝑘}

Let’s Apply

A. MATCHING TYPE: Match column A with column B. Write only the letter of
your answer on the space provided before each number.
Column A Column B

_____1. A collection well-defined objects, things, A. Cardinality of a set

or symbols that share common characteristics. B. Equal Sets
_____2. These are the objects, things, or symbols C. Equivalent Sets
in the set. D. Elements
_____3. Part of a set or the set itself. E. Finite Set

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 MATH 7 MODULE

_____4. The set having no elements. F. Infinite Set

_____5. The number of elements of a given set. G. Null Set
_____6. Set in which it is possible to list and count H. Proper Subset
all the members of the set. I. Set
_____7. Set in which it is not possible to list and J. Subset
count all the members of the set. K. Universal Set
_____8. A set that contains all objects under L. Venn Diagram
consideration.
_____9. Sets with exactly the same distinct
elements.
_____10. Sets with the same number of elements.

B. TRUE or FALSE: Write T if the statement is true. Otherwise, write F.

Given: 𝑽 = {𝒂, 𝒆, 𝒊, 𝒐, 𝒖}
𝑵 = {𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟒, 𝟓, 𝟔, 𝟕, 𝟖}
𝑷 = {𝒓𝒆𝒅,𝒃𝒍𝒖𝒆, 𝒚𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒐𝒘}

_____1. V is a finite set.

_____2. N is an infinite set.
_____3. P is set of secondary colors.
_____4. 𝑟𝑒𝑑 ∈ 𝑃
_____5. 𝑎 ∉ 𝑉
_____6. 8 ∈ 𝑁
_____7. {𝑢, 𝑜, 𝑖, 𝑒, 𝑎} is equal to V.
_____8. {ℎ, 𝑜, 𝑛, 𝑒, 𝑠, 𝑡} is equivalent to N.
_____9. {𝑣𝑖𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑡, 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑛, 𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒} ⊆ 𝑃
_____10. {0} ⊆ 𝑁
_____11. 𝑛 (𝑁) = 9
_____12. 𝑛 (𝑉) = 5
_____13. N has eight subsets.
_____14. The number of subsets of V is 32.
_____15. P has seven proper subsets.

C. TRUE or FALSE: Write T if the statement is true. Otherwise, write F.

Let 𝓤 = {𝒄𝒐𝒍𝒐𝒓𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒓𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒃𝒐𝒘} be the universal set.
Given: 𝑫 = {𝒓𝒆𝒅, 𝒐𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆,𝒚𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒐𝒘, 𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒆𝒏}
𝑳 = {𝒚𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒐𝒘, 𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒆𝒏, 𝒃𝒍𝒖𝒆, 𝒊𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒈𝒐}
𝑺 = {𝒓𝒆𝒅, 𝒚𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒐𝒘, 𝒃𝒍𝒖𝒆, 𝒗𝒊𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒕}

_______1. 𝐷 ∪ 𝐿 = {𝑟𝑒𝑑, 𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒, 𝑦𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤, 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑛, 𝑏𝑙𝑢𝑒, 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑔𝑜}

_______2. 𝐿 ∩ 𝑆 = {𝑦𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤, 𝑏𝑙𝑢𝑒}
_______3. 𝐷 ′ = {𝑏𝑙𝑢𝑒, 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑔𝑜}
_______4. 𝐷 − 𝑆 = {𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒, 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑛, 𝑏𝑙𝑢𝑒, 𝑣𝑖𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑡}

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 MATH 7 MODULE

_______5. 𝐷 ∪ 𝑆 ∪ 𝑇 = {𝑟𝑒𝑑, 𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒, 𝑦𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤, 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑛, 𝑏𝑙𝑢𝑒, 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑔𝑜, 𝑣𝑖𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑡}

_______6. 𝐷 ∩ 𝑆 ∩ 𝑇 = {𝑟𝑒𝑑, 𝑦𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤, 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑛, 𝑏𝑙𝑢𝑒}
_______7. 𝑆 − 𝐿 = {𝑟𝑒𝑑, 𝑣𝑖𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑡}
_______8. (𝐷 ∩ 𝐿)′ = {𝑦𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤, 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑛}
_______9. (𝐿 ∪ 𝑆)′ = {𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒}
_______10. 𝒰′ = ∅

D. Solve the following.

Let 𝓤 = {𝒑, 𝒂, 𝒕, 𝒉, 𝒇, 𝒊, 𝒏, 𝒅, 𝒆, 𝒓} be the universal set.
Given: 𝑿 = {𝒑, 𝒂, 𝒏, 𝒕, 𝒉, 𝒆, 𝒓}
𝒀 = {𝒇, 𝒂, 𝒕, 𝒉, 𝒆, 𝒓}
𝒁 = {𝒇, 𝒊, 𝒏, 𝒅, 𝒆, 𝒓}

1. 𝑌 ∪ 𝑍 9. (𝑋 ∩ 𝑌) – 𝑍
2. 𝑋 ∩ 𝑍 10. (𝑋 ∩ 𝑌 ∩ 𝑍)′
3. 𝑌′ 11. (𝑋 ∪ 𝑌) − 𝑍′
4. 𝑋−𝑌 12. (𝑌 − 𝑍) ∩ 𝑋′
5. 𝑋 ∪ 𝑌 ∪ 𝑍 13. (𝑋 ∪ 𝑍) − (𝑌 ∩ 𝑍)
6. 𝑋 ∩ 𝑌 ∩ 𝑍 14. (𝑌 − 𝑋) ∪ (𝑍 − 𝑋)
7. (𝑌 − 𝑍) ∪ 𝑋 15. (𝑍 − 𝑋)′ ∩ (𝑍 − 𝑌)′
8. 𝑍′ − 𝑋′

Let’s Analyze

A. ENUMERATION: Give what is asked.

Given: 𝑭 = {𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝟒}

A. Write F in roster method.

1.

B. Write F in set builder notation.

2.

C. What are the elements of F?

3.
4.
5.

D. What is the cardinality of F?

6. 𝑛(𝐹 ) =

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 MATH 7 MODULE

E. Give at least three sets equal to F?

7.
8.

F. Give at least three sets equivalent to F?

9.
10.

G. List all the subsets of F.

11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.

H. List all the proper subsets of F.

19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.

B. TRUE or FALSE: Write T if the statement is true. Otherwise, write F.

Let 𝓤 = {𝒙| 𝒙 𝒊𝒔 𝒂 𝒍𝒆𝒕𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑬𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒊𝒔𝒉 𝑨𝒍𝒑𝒉𝒂𝒃𝒆𝒕 } be the universal set.
Given: 𝑴 = {𝒙|𝒙 𝒊𝒔 𝒂 𝒗𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒍}
𝑵 = {𝒙| 𝒙 𝒊𝒔 𝒂 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒏𝒕}

_______1. 𝑀 = 𝑁′ _______4. 𝑁 − 𝑀 = 𝑀
_______2. 𝑀 ∩ 𝑁 = ∅ _______5. 𝑀 − 𝑁 = 𝑁 − 𝑀
_______3. 𝑀 ∪ 𝑁 = 𝒰

C. Let 𝓤 = {𝒙|𝒙 ∈ 𝑾, 𝒙 ≤ 𝟏𝟎} be the universal set.

Given: 𝑽 = {𝒙|𝒙 𝒊𝒔 𝒂𝒏 𝒐𝒅𝒅 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒈𝒆𝒓}
𝑿 = {𝒙|𝒙 𝒊𝒔 𝒂𝒏 𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒈𝒆𝒓}
𝒀 = {𝒙|𝒙 𝒊𝒔 𝒂 𝒄𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒍𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒏 𝟔}
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 MATH 7 MODULE

𝒁 = {𝒙| 𝒙 𝒊𝒔 𝒂 𝒄𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒏 𝟓}

Find the following:
1. 𝑉 ∪ 𝑌 6. 𝑋′ ∩ 𝑌
2. 𝑋 ∩ 𝑍 7. 𝑉 ∪ 𝑋 ∪ 𝑌
3. 𝑌 − 𝑉 8. (𝑋 ∪ 𝑍) − 𝑌′
4. 𝑍′ 9. (𝑉 ′ ∪ 𝑋′ ) ∩ 𝑌′
′
5. (𝑉 ∪ 𝑌) 10. (𝑉 ∪ 𝑍) − (𝑋 ∪ 𝑌)

Let’s Try

A. TRUE or FALSE: Write T if the statement is true. Otherwise, write F.

_____1. A set is not well-defined collection group of objects.
_____2. 𝑠 ∈ {𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑, … , 𝑧}
_____3. {𝑤ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠} is a finite set.
_____4. 𝑛(∅) = 0
_____5. The cardinality of {𝑠, 𝑢, 𝑝, 𝑒, 𝑟, 𝑑, 𝑜, 𝑡, 𝑎} is 9.
_____6. Suppose we consider only composite numbers less that 10, then
𝒰 = {4, 6, 8, 9} is the universal set.
_____7. Sets that are equal are also equivalent.
_____8. If 𝐾 = {ℎ, 𝑎, 𝑟, 𝑑} and 𝑃 = {𝑤, 𝑜, 𝑟, 𝑘}, then 𝐾 and 𝑃 are
equivalent sets.
_____9. {𝑆𝑎𝑛 𝐷𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜} ⊆ {𝑥 |𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑦 𝑖𝑛 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎ñ𝑎𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝐶𝑖𝑡𝑦}.
_____10. {𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑠} has 7 subsets.

B. MULTIPLE CHOICE: Choose the letter of your answer.

_____1. Which of the following is a well-defined set?
A. members of your family
B. industrious students in your class
C. beautiful houses in your barangay
D. good looking people in your street

_____2. Which of the following is NOT a well-defined set?

A. multiples of 3 less than 20
B. lucky numbers less than 30
C. composite numbers less than 40
D. numbers divisible by 5 less than 50

_____3. Complete the elements of the set: {hearing, sight, ________,

taste, touch}
A. hate C. smell
B. love D. think

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 MATH 7 MODULE

_____4. Given A = {b, l, e, a, d}, which of the following is equal to A?

A. {b, l, a, d, e} C. {b, r, a, v, e}
B. {b, l, a, z, e} D. {b, r, e, a, d}

_____5. Which of the following statements are true about subset?

I. A set with two elements has four subsets.
II. Empty set or null set is a subset of any set.
III. The set itself is not a subset of the given set.
IV. Monday is a subset of the set of days of the week.

A. I and II C. I and IV
B. I and III D. II and IV

C. ENUMERATION: Give what is asked.

Given: 𝑹 = {𝒕𝒚𝒑𝒆𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒓𝒐𝒄𝒌}

I. Write R in roster method.

1.
II. Write R in set builder notation.
2.
III. What are the elements of R?
3.
4.
5.
IV. What is the cardinality of R?
6. 𝑛(𝑅) =
V. Give at least two sets equal to R?
7.
8.
VI. Give at least two sets equivalent to R?
9.
10.
VII. List all the subsets of R.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
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 MATH 7 MODULE

VIII. List all the proper subsets of R.

19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.

D. MATCHING TYPE: Match column A with column B. Write only the letter of
your answer on the space provided before each number.
Let 𝓤 = {𝑫𝒐, 𝑹𝒆, 𝑴𝒊, 𝑭𝒂, 𝑺𝒐𝒍, 𝑳𝒂, 𝑻𝒊} be the universal set.
Given: 𝑲 = {𝑴𝒊, 𝑺𝒐𝒍, 𝑻𝒊}
𝑷 = {𝑹𝒆, 𝑭𝒂, 𝑳𝒂}

Column A Column B
_____1. 𝐾 ∪𝑃 A. ∅
_____2. 𝐾∩𝑃 B. {𝑀𝑖, 𝑆𝑜𝑙, 𝑇𝑖}
_____3. 𝐾′ C. {𝑅𝑒, 𝐹𝑎, 𝐿𝑎}
_____4. 𝐾−𝑃 D. {𝐷𝑜, 𝑅𝑒, 𝐹𝑎, 𝐿𝑎}
_____5. 𝑃−𝐾 E. {𝑅𝑒, 𝑀𝑖, 𝐹𝑎, 𝑆𝑜𝑙, 𝐿𝑎, 𝑇𝑖}

E. Let 𝓤 = {𝒑, 𝒆, 𝒓, 𝒔, 𝒐, 𝒏, 𝒂, 𝒍, 𝒊, 𝒕, 𝒚} be the universal set.

Given: 𝑩 = {𝒑, 𝒆, 𝒓, 𝒔, 𝒐, 𝒏}
𝑪 = {𝒓, 𝒆, 𝒂, 𝒔, 𝒐, 𝒏}
𝑫 = {𝒓, 𝒆, 𝒂, 𝒍, 𝒊, 𝒕, 𝒚}
Find the following:
1. 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶 6. 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶 ∩ 𝐷
2. 𝐶 ∩ 𝐷 7. (𝐵 ∩ 𝐷)′
3. 𝐶′ 8. (𝐶 ∪ 𝐷 ) − 𝐵
4. 𝐵 − 𝐷 9. 𝐷 ′ − (𝐵 ∩ 𝐶)
5. 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶 ∪ 𝐷 10. (𝐵 ∩ 𝐶 ) − (𝐶 ∩ 𝐷)

17