BIOMATERIAL

Dr. Abdul Halim Daulay, S.T., M.Si.

Program Studi Fisika
UIN Sumatera Utara Medan
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 Chapter I - Introduction
 Definitions & Terms
 History & Development
 Markets
 Uses & Applications
 Fields of Knowledge
 Performances
 Bulk & Surface Properties

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 Biomaterials
DEFINITIONS:
• Materials of synthetic as well as of natural origin in contact with tissue,
blood, and biological fluids, and intended for use for prosthetic,
diagnostic, therapeutic, and storage applications without adversely
affecting the living organism and its components (Bruck, 1980)
• Nonviable materials used in a medical device, intended to interact with
biological systems. (Williams, 1987)
• A synthetic material used to make devices to replace part of a living
system or to function in intimate contact with living tissue (Park &
Bronzino, 2003)

Biological material: A material produced by a biological system.

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History

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Development of Biomaterials

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Newly Development of Biomaterials
Science & Engineering
• From wooden leg and glass eye to, for example,
biodegradable scaffold used to deliver cells for
tissue engineering.
• Understanding of the level of interaction of
biomaterials with biological system.
• From remaining relatively inert in the body to being
“bioactive” and assisting with regeneration.

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Biomaterials in Human Body

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 Uses of Biomaterials

Implant:
• Any medical device made from one or more materials that is intentionally placed
within the body, either totally or partially buried beneath an epithelial surface.
(includes fixation in or coverage of inner or outer surfaces of the body)
Prosthesis:
• An artificial extension device that replaces a missing body part (a limb, organ or
tissue).
Artificial Organ:
• A medical device that replaces, in part or in whole, the function of one of the
organs of the body. 8
Uses of Biomaterials

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 Biomaterials in
Organs & Body Systems

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The Biomaterials and Healthcare
Market (per year)

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The Biomaterials and Healthcare
Market (per year)

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Fields of Knowledge to Develop
Biomaterials

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Fields of
Knowledge to
Develop
Biomaterials

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 Performance of Biomaterials
The success of biomaterials depends on:

Controlled
• material properties by engineer
• design •
•
Nontoxic
Bioactive
• biocompatibility of the material • Bioinert
• Corrosion resistance
• Abrasive resistance
• Durability
(biocompatibility)
• technique used by the surgeon •
•
Formability
Biodegradable
• health and condition of the patient • Biomechanic
• Biosensoric
• activities of the patient.
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 Performance of Biomaterials
Biocompatibility:
• The ability of a material to perform with an appropriate host
response in a specific application. (Williams, 1987)
• Acceptance of an artificial implant by the surrounding tissues and by
the body as a whole. (Park & Bronzino, 2003)

Structural biocompatibility:
• Adaptation of the implant structure to the mechanical behaviour of the
surrounding/host tissue.

Surface biocompatibility:
• Adaptation of the chemical, physical, biological, and morphological
surface properties of the implant to the (needs) of the (goal)
surrounding tissue aiming at a clinical desired interaction.
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Applications of Biomaterials in
Medicine

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 Materials for Use in the Body

Hydrogels; Natural Materjals; Thin Films, Grafts, and Coatings; Fabrics;

Bioresorbable and Bioerodible Materials; Biologically Functional Materials

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Biomaterials & Their Uses

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 Biomaterials & Their Uses

• A typical total hip joint is made primary of metal.

• The ball of the femoral hip stem fits into a pelvic acetabular cup
that is lined with Ultra High Molecular Weight PolyEthylene
(UHMWPE) for friction-free motion.

• A metallic artificial knee

joint with an ultra high
molecular weight
polyethylene
(UHMWPE) bearing
surface.

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 Biomaterials (Bulk Properties)

Solid State: Bulk Properties:

• Interatomic bonding • Mechanical
• Atomic structure • Chemical
• Microstructure • Physical
• Technological
• (An) Isotropy
• Processing effects

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Biomaterials (Surface Properties)
Durability in biological environment  Biocompatibility

How the proteins, cells, tissues and the organisms respond the
implant/biomaterial ??

The body reads and responds the surface structures of

“implant materials”

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 Surface of Materials
• The surface of
materials is different
from the bulk

• Surfaces readily
contaminated

• The surface region of

a material is uniquely
reactive

• The surface structure

of a material is
uniquely reactive

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Possibilities for Surface Structure

Surface roughness Chemistry Microstructure

Inhomogeneous depth Inhomogeneous surface plane Overlayered surface

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Characterizing Biomaterial Surface

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Characterizing Biomaterial Surface

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THE END - I

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