Transformation of Sentences(বাাং঱া/english)

Affirmative to Negative:
Rule 1:

Only ফা alone এয ঩রযফর্তে উত্তয ফার্যেয শুরুর্ত None but ফর্঳। আয কযান ঩রযফতে ন ঴য়না।

Affirmative: Only he can play good cricket.

Negative: None but he can play good cricket.
Affirmative: Only the science students can apply for the post.
Negative: None but the science students can apply for the post.
Affirmative: Only they can do the work.
Negative: None but they can do the work.

Note: ফস্তুয কের্ে only এয ঩রযফর্তে nothing but ফর্঳। তর্ফ ফয়র্঳য কের্ে ফা ঳ংখ্োয কের্ে only এয ঩রযফর্তে not more
than ফর্঳।

Affirmative: He is only four.

Negative: He is not more than four.
Affirmative: They have only two cars.
Negative: They have not more than two cars.

Rule 2:

Affirmative sentence এ must থাযর্র negative যযায ঳ভয় must এয ঩রযফর্তে can not but/ can not help ফর্঳। তর্ফ
can not help এয ঩র্য কম verb থার্য তায ঳ার্থ ing মুক্ত যযর্ত ঴য়।

Affirmative: You must yield to your fate.

Negative: You can not but yield to your fate.
Affirmative: We must obey our parents.
Negative: We can not but obey our parents.
Affirmative: You must care them.
Negative: You can not help caring them.

Rule 3:

Every কয Negative যযর্ত ঴র্র Every এয ঩রযফর্তে There is no ফর্঳ + every এয ঩র্যয ঱ব্দটি ফর্঳ + but + প্রদত্ত sentence
এয ফাযী অং঱।

Affirmative: Everyone hates a terrorist.

Negative: There is no one but hates a terrorist.
Affirmative: Everybody fears a lion.
Negative: There is no body but hates a liar.
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Rule 4:

As soon as মুক্ত sentence কয Negative যযর্ত ঴র্র-

As soon as এয জায়গায় no sooner had ফ঳র্ফ + প্রদত্ত Sentence এয যতে া ফর্঳ + ক঳ Sentence এয ভূর verb এয past
participle form ফর্঳ + ক঳ sentence ফাযী অং঱ ফর্঳ + than + রিতীয় ফাযে ফর্঳।

Affirmative: As soon as he he saw the tiger, he ran away.

Negative: No sooner had he seen the Tiger than he ran away.
Affirmative: No sooner had the boy saw the police, he ran away.
Negative: As soon as the boy seen the police than he ran away.

Rule 5:

Affirmative sentence কয Negative যযায ঳ভয় উক্ত sentence এয Affirmative ঱ব্দটিয Negative রূ঩ ফ঳ার্ত ঴য়। এফং
উক্ত Negative এয ঩ূর্ফে not ফ঳ার্ত ঴য়। ফাযী ঳ফ রথয থার্য।

Affirmative: He is a good man.

Negative: He is not a bad man.
Affirmative: Rakib is an honest boy.
Negative: Rakib is not a dishonest boy.
Affirmative: This was an extra-ordinary ship.
Negative: This was not an ordinary ship.

Rule 6:

Always মুক্ত Affirmative sentence কয Negative যযর্ত ঴র্র Always এয ঩রযফর্তে never ফর্঳। Affirmative ঱ব্দটিয
Negative রূ঩ ফ঳ার্ত ঴য়।

Affirmative: He was always punctual.

Negative: He was never late.
Affirmative: I always tell truth.
Negative: I never tell lie.

Rule 7:

Superlative degree মুক্ত Affirmative sentence কয Negative যযর্ত ঴র্র –

No other + superlative এয ঩র্যয অং঱ + verb + as + superlative degree এয positive form + as + প্রদত্ত sentence এয
subject.

Affirmative: He is the best batsman in the team.

Negative: No other batsman in the team is as good as him.
Affirmative: You are the best boy in the class.
Negative: No other boy in the class is as good as you.

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Rule 8:

Than any other/than all other মুক্ত comparative degree কয Negative যযর্ত ঴র্র –

No other + any other/all other এয ঩র্যয অং঱ ফর্঳ + প্রদত্ত verb + so/as ফর্঳ + comparative degree এয positive
form + as + প্রদত্ত sentence এয subject.

Affirmative: He is better than any other boy in the class.

Negative: No other boy in the class is as good as him.
Affirmative: Dhaka is bigger than all other cities in Bangladesh.
Negative: No other city in Bangladesh is as big as Dhaka.

Rule 9:

Than মুক্ত comparative degree কয Negative যযর্ত ঴র্র –

Than এয ক঱র্লয অং঱ প্রথর্ভ ফর্঳ + verb (tense ও person অনুমায়ী) + not + so/as + comparative degree এয positive
form + as + প্রদত্ত sentence এয subject.

Affirmative: He is stronger than you.

Negative: You are not as/so strong as him.
Affirmative: I am taller than you.
Negative: You are not as tall as me.

Rule 10:

As....as মুক্ত positive degree কয Negative যযর্ত ঴র্র –

প্রথভ as এয ঩রযফর্তে not less ক঱ল as এয ঩রযফর্তে than ফর্঳।

Affirmative: Robi and Rahat were as strong as Rakib.

Negative: Robi and Rahat were not less strong than Rakib.
Affirmative: He is as good as you.
Negative: He is not less good than you.

Rule 11:

Less...than মুক্ত sentence কয Negative যযর্ত ঴র্র –

Less এয জায়গায় not as ফ঳র্ফ এফং than এয জায়গায় as ফ঳র্ফ।

Affirmative: He is less ugly than you said.

Negative: He is not as ugly as you said.
Affirmative: You are less good than he said.
Negative: You are not as good as he said.

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Rule 12:

Too.....to মুক্ত sentence কয Negative যযর্ত ঴র্র –

Too এয জায়গায় so ফর্঳ + Too এয ঩র্যয adjective/adverb ফর্঳ + that ফর্঳ + ঩নুযায় subject ফর্঳। + tense অনুমায়ী
can not/could not + প্রদত্ত to এয ঩র্যয অং঱ ফর্঳।

Affirmative: He is too weak to walk.

Negative: He is so weak that he can not walk.
Affirmative: The sum was too difficult for me to work out.
Negative: The sum was so difficult for me that I could not work out.

Assertive to interrogative
Rule 1:

অর্থেয ঩রযফতে ন না যর্য ঳া঴ামেযাযী verb মুক্ত Assertive sentence কয interrogative এ রু঩ান্তয যযায ঳ভয় sentence টি
মরদ affirmative ঴য় তা঴র্র – Auxiliary verb + n’t + subject + ফাযী + ?

Note- assertive এ will, can, shall, am থাযর্র interrogative এ রু঩ান্তয যযায ঳ভয় won’t, can’t, shan’t, ain’t ঴য়.

Assertive – He is in the school.

Interrogative – Isn’t he in the school?
Assertive – You can do the work.
Interrogative – Can’t you do the work?

Rule 2:

Auxiliary verb মুক্ত negative অথের্ফাধয Assertive sentence কয interrogative এ রু঩ান্তয যযায ঳ভয় negative উর্ে
মায়। এফং ঳া঴ামেযাযী verb প্রথর্ভ ফর্঳। ক঱র্ল প্রশ্নর্ফাধয রচহ্ন ফর্঳।

Assertive – He is not in the school.

Interrogative – Is he in the school?
Assertive – I shall not go to Dhaka tomorrow.
Interrogative – Shall I go to Dhaka tomorrow?

Rule 3:

Auxiliary verb রফ঴ীন Assertive sentence interrogative এ রু঩ান্তয যযায ঳ভয় –

Subject and tense অনুমায়ী don’t/ didn’t/ doesn’t ফর্঳ + subject + verb এয base form + verb এয ঩র্যয অং঱ +?

Assertive – He played good football.

Interrogative – Didn’t he play good football?

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Assertive – She likes ice-cream.
Interrogative – Doesn’t she like ice-cream?

Rule 4:

Assertive sentence এ never থাযর্র ever ঴য় এফং nothing থাযর্র anything ঴য়। auxiliary verb না থাযর্র Subject and
tense অনুমায়ী প্রথর্ভ আনর্ত ঴য়। ক঱র্ল প্রশ্নর্ফাধয রচহ্ন ফর্঳।

Assertive – You never play football.

Interrogative - Do you ever play football?
Assertive – I have nothing to do?
Interrogative – Have I anything to do?

Note – Assertive sentence এয subject এ মরদ nothing থার্য তা঴র্র nothing এয জায়গায় what ফর্঳।

Assertive – Nothing can ruin him.

Interrogative – What can ruin him?

Rule 5:

Everybody/ everyone/all মুক্ত Assertive sentence কয interrogative এ রু঩ান্তয যযায ঳ভয় Everybody/ everyone/all
এয ঩রযফর্তে who ফর্঳ + Subject and tense অনুমায়ী don’t/ didn’t/ doesn’t ফর্঳ + verb এয base form + verb এয
঩র্যয অং঱ +?

Assertive – Everybody wants to be win.

Interrogative – Who doesn’t wish to be win?
Assertive – Everybody/All loves flowers.
Interrogative – Who doesn’t love flower?

Rule 6:

Nobody/none/no one interrogative এ রু঩ান্তয যযায ঳ভয় –

Nobody/none/no one এয ঩রযফর্তে who ফর্঳ + ফাযী অং঱ + ?

Assertive – Nobody could ever count my love for you.

Interrogative – Who could ever count my love for you?
Assertive – No one can beat him.
Interrogative – Who can beat him?

Exclamatory to assertive
Rule 1:

Exclamatory কয Assertive এ যযর্ত ঴র্র -

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প্রথর্ভ subject ফর্঳ + verb + a/an + very/great + adjective + ফাযী অং঱।

Exclamatory – What a nice flower it is!

Assertive – It is a very nice flower.
Exclamatory – What a genius student he is!
Assertive – He is a very genius student.

Rule 2:

Hurrah মুক্ত Exclamatory কয Assertive এ যযর্ত ঴র্র –

Hurrah এয ঩রযফর্তে it is a matter of joy + Hurrah এয ঩র্যয অং঱।

Exclamatory – Hurrah! We have won the game.

Assertive – It is a matter of joy that we have won the game.
Exclamatory – hurrah! I got the first prize.
Assertive – It is a matter of joy that I have got the first prize.

Rule 3:

If িাযা exclamatory sentence শুরু ঴র্র উক্ত sentence কয Assertive যযায রনয়ভ –

Exclamatory – If I were a player!

Assertive – I wish I were a player.
Exclamatory – If I could fly!
Assertive – I wish I could fly

Rule 4:

প্রথর্ভ had মুক্ত Exclamatory কয Assertive এ যযর্ত ঴র্র –

Subject + wish + ঩ুনযায় subject ফর্঳ + had + ফাযী অং঱।

Exclamatory – Had I the pairs of birds!

Assertive – I wish I had the pairs of birds.
Exclamatory – Had I been a king!
Assertive – I wish I had been a king.

Rule 6:

প্রথর্ভ Alas মুক্ত Exclamatory কয Assertive এ যযর্ত ঴র্র –

Alas এয ঩রযফর্তে it is a matter of sorrow that + alas এয ঩র্যয অং঱।

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Exclamatory – Alas! We lost the game!
Assertive – It is a matter of sorrow that we lost the game.
Exclamatory – Alas! He failed in the examination!
Assertive – It is a matter of sorrow that he failed in the examination.

Rule 7:

প্রথর্ভ Fie মুক্ত Exclamatory কয Assertive এ যযর্ত ঴র্র –

Fie এয ঩রযফর্তে it is shameful that + fie এয ঩র্যয অং঱।

Exclamatory - Fie! He can not tolerate the poor.

Assertive – It is shameful that he can not tolerate the poor.
Exclamatory - Fie! He don’t respect seniors.
Assertive – It is shameful that he don’t respect seniors.

Rule 8:

প্রথর্ভ Would that মুক্ত Exclamatory কয Assertive এ যযর্ত ঴র্র –

প্রদত্ত subject + wish + Would that এয ঩র্যয অং঱।

Exclamatory - Would that I could be a player!

Assertive – I wish I could be a player.
Exclamatory - Would that I could be a child again!
Assertive – I wish I could be a child again.

Rule 9:

প্রথর্ভ o that মুক্ত Exclamatory কয Assertive এ যযর্ত ঴র্র –

Subject + wish + o that এয ঩র্যয অং঱।

Exclamatory – O that you were a cricketer!

Assertive – I wish you were a cricketer.
Exclamatory – O that i were a poet.
Assertive – I wish I were a poet.

Assertive to Exclamatory
Rule 1:

প্রথর্ভ what ফা how ফর্঳ + adjective ফর্঳ + subject + verb + ফাযী অং঱( মরদ থার্য) + !

Note – adjective এয ঩ূর্ফে a থাযর্র what a ফর্঳ এফং a না থাযর্র how ফর্঳.

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Assertive - It is a very beautiful place.
Exclamatory – What a beautiful place it is!
Assertive – The man is very honest.
Exclamatory – How honest the man is!

Rule 2:

Assertive sentence এ wish থাযর্র Exclamatory যযায ঳ভয় শুরুর্ত if/had ফর্঳।

Assertive – I wish I had the wings of a bird.

Exclamatory – Had I the wings of bird!
Or, If I had the wings of a bird!

Assertive – I wish I were a king.

Exclamatory – If I were a king!

Rule 3:

Assertive sentence এ wish/desire Exclamatory sentence যযায ঳ভয় এয শুরুর্ত If, had, o that, oh that, ইতোরদ
ফর্঳।

Assertive – I wish I were a player.

Exclamatory – If I were a player!
Assertive – I desire I were young again.
Exclamatory – Oh that I were young again.

Simple to Complex:
Simple, Complex, এফং Compound sentence - transformation এয রনয়ভগুর্রা ফুঝায জর্নে clause এফং phrase ঳ম্পর্যে
ধাযণা থাযা গুরুত্ব঩ূণে।

Clause এফং phrase এয ভর্ধে প্রধান ঩াথেযে ঴র্ে - এযটি clause এ এযটি verb থার্য আয এযটি phrase এ কযান verb থার্য
না. phrase এ participle, gerund, infinitive, ইতোরদ থাযর্রও কযান verb থার্য না. simple sentence এ ঳াধাযণত এযটি
clause এফং এযটি phrase থার্য।
রযন্তু complex এফং compound sentence এয কের্ে ঳াধাযণত দুইটি clause থার্য অথেোৎ দুইটি verb থার্য। ক঳র্ের্ে
simple sentence এ শুধুভাে এযটি verb থার্য।

 Complex - If you study well, you will pass. (Two clauses, two verbs)
 Simple – By studying hard, you will pass. (One phrase, one clause, and one verb. এখ্ার্ন study কয present
participle ফারনর্য় কদয়া ঴র্য়র্ছ মার্ত প্রথভ clause টা কবর্ে এযটা phrase ফানার্না মায়, যাযণ simple sentence এ এযটা
clause তথা এযটাই verb থাযর্ত ঩াযর্ফ।)

Complex sentences have some particular connectors which connect the two clauses. The connectors for
complex sentences are: -

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Before, after, till, until, when, where, which, who, whom, why, what, that, since, as, because, if, unless, as if,
as though, although, even though, as soon as, so that, on condition that, and provided that.

Note: Complex to simple এফং simple to complex যযায জর্নে complex sentence এয connectors গুররয functions
঳ম্পর্যে রফস্তারযত ধাযণা থাযা প্রর্য়াজন।

Simple sentence কয complex sentence এ ঩রযফতে র্নয জর্নে simple sentence এয এযটা clause কয কবর্ঙ অথফা নতু ন
঱ব্দ কমাগ যর্য দুইটা clause ততরয যযর্ত ঴র্ফ। ক঳ই দুইটি clause কয কমাগ যযর্ত ঴র্ফ উ঩র্যাক্ত connectors গুর্রা ফেফ঴ায
যর্য। এয জর্নে রনরদে ষ্ট রনয়ভগুর্রায ফাইর্যও অর্নযবার্ফ simple sentence কয complex sentence এ রূ঩ান্তয যযা মায় এফং
঳ফগুর্রা রনয়র্ভযই ফেরতক্রভ রনয়ভ আর্ছ।

নিম্নাক্ত নিয়মগুম্঱া সব ক্ষেম্েই বযবহার করা যাম্ব :

Rule 1:

If there is an extra phrase in the simple sentence, expand that phrase to make a clause. Then choose a suitable
connectors to connect the clauses.

Phrase টির্য clause এ রূ঩ান্তয যযায জর্নে এযটি verb আনর্ত ঴র্ফ এফং মরদ subject না থার্য তা঴র্র এযটা subject ও
আনর্ত ঴র্ফ।

Example:
Simple: Seeing the teacher, the student stopped making noise.

এই sentence টির্ত phrase ঴র্ে ‘Seeing the teacher’। এই phrase এ seeing কয ঳঴র্জই verb ফানার্না মায়। আয কমর্঴তু
এই sentence এয subject এযটাই ক঳র্঴তু আভযা এযই subject ফেফ঴ায যযর্ফা।
So, the two clauses we can get from this sentence are:
*The students saw the teacher ---- *The students stopped making noise.

Transformation এ tense ঩রযফরতে ত ঴য় না। তাই আভযা seeing কয saw ফারনর্য়রছ। দুটি clause এ subject কমর্঴তু এযই,
তাই এযটির্ত pronoun ফেফ঴ায যযর্ত ঴র্ফ। তায঩য উ঩মুক্ত এযটি connector ফাছাই যযর্ত ঴র্ফ। এ ধযর্নয sentence এয
কের্ে এর্যয অরধয connector ও থাযর্ত ঩ার্য এফং ঳ফ গুর্রাই ঳ঠিয।
The complex sentence could be:

 As the student saw the teacher, they stopped making noise.

 Since the student saw the teacher, they stopped making noise.
 The students stopped making noises when they saw the teacher.

মরদ clause এফং phrase এয subject রবন্ন রবন্ন ঴য়, তা঴র্র দুই clause এয জর্নে দুই subject থাযর্ফ।
Example:
Simple: Alex could not go to school due to his mother’s illness.
Complex: Alex could not go to school because his mother was ill.
Or, Alex could not go to school since his mother was ill.

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Rule 2:

If there is no extra phrase in the simple sentence, you have to find a word which you can expand into a clause.
The word can be an adjective, noun, or adverb.

Example:
Simple: He pleaded for his innocence.
Complex: He pleaded that he was innocence.
এখ্ার্ন আভযা innocence ঱ব্দটির্য র঳র্রক্ট যর্য এযটি verb এর্ন আর্যযটি clause ততরয যর্যরছ। innocence এযটি noun,
তাই এই clause টি এযটি noun clause .

More Examples of noun clauses in complex sentences:

Simple: Murphy knows Mr. Rashid.
Complex: Murphy knows who Mr. Rashid is.
Simple: I prayed for your job.
Complex: I prayed so that you could get the job. (Connector – ‘so that’ requires the modal – ‘can/could’ in the
following clause.)
(Note: Complex যযায কের্ে extra এযটি verb আনা মার্ফ।)
Simple: He admitted his guilt.
Complex: He admitted that he was guilty.

For words that are adjectives, you have to make an adjective clause.
Example:
Simple: He was an outstanding actor.
Complex: He was an actor who was outstanding.
এখ্ার্ন outstanding ঱ব্দটি এযটি adjective এফং এই ঱ব্দ কয কযন্দ্র যর্যই এযটা clause ততরয যযা ঴র্য়র্ছ।
More Examples of adjective clauses in complex sentences:
Simple: I lost the most beautiful pen yesterday.
Complex: I lost the pen which was most beautiful.
Simple: He was a remarkable man.
Complex: He was a man who was remarkable.
Simple: I want an extensive encyclopedia.
Complex: I want an encyclopedia which is extensive.

For words that are adverbs, you have to make an adverb clause.
Example:
Simple: He is too weak to carry this heavy bag.
Complex: He is so weak that he cannot carry that heavy bag.
Simple: He is working relentlessly to finish the work.
Complex: He is relentlessly working so that he can finish the work.
Simple: He was born in the year of liberation war.
Complex: He was born when it was the year of liberation war.

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Rule 3:

রযছু রযছু phrase কয clause এ রূ঩ান্তয যর্য complex sentence ততরয যযায জর্নে রযছু রনরদে ষ্ট রনয়ভ যর্য়র্ছ। ক঳গুর্রা ঴র –

Because of = clause + because/as/since + clause.

Example:
Simple: I could not do it because of my illness.
Complex: I could not do it because I was ill.
Or, I could not do it as I was ill.
Or, I could not do it since I was ill.

At the time of (indcation of time)= when + clause + clause / clause + When + clause.

Example:
Simple: At the time of my birth, my father was abroad.
Complex: When I was born, my father was abroad.

In spite of/ despite = though/although + clause + clause.

Example:
Simple: In spite of being a good student, he could not do well on the exam.
Complex: Although he is a good student, he could not do well on the exam.
Simple: Despite being sick, Robin went to school.
Complex: Though Robin was sick, he went to school.

Without + v1(ing) = if + clause + clause. / clause + unless + clause.

Example:
Simple: Without playing well, we cannot win this match.
Complex: If we do not play well, we cannot win this match.
Or, We cannot win this match unless we play well.
Simple: Without being there myself, I cannot do it.
Complex: If I am not there myself, I cannot do it.
Or, I cannot do it unless I’m there myself.

Too . . (an adjective) . . too = clause + so . .(the adjective). . that + clause.

Example:
Simple: He is too weak to continue walking.
Complex: He is so weak that he cannot walk.
Simple: They are too strong to lose.
Complex: They are so strong that they cannot lose.
Note: (Connector – ‘so that’ requires the modal – ‘can/could’ in the following clause.)

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Simple to Compound:
এযটি simple sentence এ এযটিভাে independent clause থার্য এফং কযার্না dependent clause থার্য না ।

A simple sentence is characterized by only one independent clause and no dependent clause.

Such as: Listening to music is my hobby.

঩োন্তর্য এযটি compound sentence এ যভ঩র্ে দুটি independent clause থার্য মাযা ঩ৃথয sentence র঴র্঳র্ফ ফেফহৃত ঴র্ত
঩ার্য এফং coordinating conjunction রদর্য় মুক্ত থার্য ।

On the other hand, a compound sentence is characterized by at least two independent clauses which can be
used as separate sentences and are connected with a coordinating conjunction.

Such as: Listening to music and singing songs are my hobbies.

Simple sentence কয compound sentence এ রূ঩ান্তরযত যযায রনয়ভ নীর্চ ফরণেত ঴র্রা ।

The rules for transforming simple sentence to compound sentence are discussed below.

Rule 1:

মরদ simple sentence এ কফাঝার্না ঴য় কম কযউ দুর্টা যাজ যযর্ছ, এযটি আর্গ ও আর্যযটি ঩র্য তর্ফ Compound sentence এ
প্রথভ যাজটির্য রিতীয় যার্জয আর্গ উর্েখ্ যর্য তার্দযর্য “and” conjunction রদর্য় মুক্ত যযর্ত ঴র্ফ। Sentence এ রিতীয়
যার্জয tense ফেফ঴ায যযা ঴র্ফ।

If the simple sentence is stating that a person is doing two things one after another, the compound sentence
will mention the first thing before the second thing and join them with a conjunction-“and” and the tense will
be same as of doing the second thing.

Example:

Simple: Coming home she had lunch.

Compound: She came home and had lunch.

Simple: Going to the office I will write the article.

Compound: I will go to the office and will write the article.

Simple: Going to the varsity she will do the class.

Compound: She will go to the varsity and will do the class.

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Rule 2:

Simple sentence এ “besides being” থাযর্র compound sentence এ “not only..….but also” structure ফেফ঴ায যযা
঴র্ফ।

If the simple sentence has “besides being,” the compound sentence will use “not only..….but also.”

Simple: Besides being beautiful the girl is intelligent.

Compound: The girl is not only beautiful but also intelligent.

Simple: Besides being a brilliant student she is a good singer.

Compound: She is not only a brilliant student but also a good singer.

Simple: Besides being a good writer he is an outstanding lecturer.

Compound: He is not only a good writer but also an outstanding lecturer.

Rule 3:

মরদ simple sentence এ “in spite of” থার্য তর্ফ compound sentence এ conjunction “but” রদর্য় রবন্ন clause দুর্টা মুক্ত
যযর্ত ঴র্ফ।

If the simple sentence has “in spite of,” the compound sentence will use the conjunction “but” joining the two
different clauses.

Simple: In spite of his poverty the postman never shirks his duty.

Compound: The postman is poor, but he never shirks his duty.

Simple: In spite of his illness he sat for the exam.

Compound: He was ill, but he sat for the exam.

Rule 4:

মরদ simple sentence এ ফরা ঴য় কম এযজন person কয কযানরযছু অজে ন যযর্ত must রযছু যযর্ত ঴র্ফ তর্ফ compound
sentence এই structure follow যযর্ফ, ”person must do….or/otherwise the person will not…..”

If the simple sentence tells that a person must do something to achieve a certain thing, the compound
sentence will follow this structure, ”person must do….or/otherwise the person will not…..”
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Simple: You must study hard to get good marks in the exam.

Compound: You must study hard or/otherwise, you will not get good marks in the exam.

Simple: He must run fast to win the race.

Compound: He must run fast or/otherwise, he will not win the race.

Rule 5:

মরদ simple sentence এ ফরা ঴য় কম এযজন person কয must রযছু যযর্ত ঴র্ফ কযানরযছু escape/avoid যযর্ত তর্ফ
compound sentence এই structure follow যযর্ফ ”person must do….or/otherwise person will + verb’s simple
form…..” or , ”person must do…...or/otherwise person will be + verb’s past participle form

If the simple sentence dictates that a person must do something to escape/avoid a certain thing, the
compound sentence will follow one of the following structures:

 ”person must do….or/otherwise the person will + verb’s simple form…..”

 ”person must do…...or/otherwise the person will be + verb’s past participle form.”

Simple: You must study hard to escape failure in the exam.

Compound: You must study hard or/otherwise you will fail the exam.

Simple: He must run fast to avoid losing in the race.

Compound: He must run fast or/otherwise, he will lose the race.

Simple: The culprit must run away to avoid his arrest.

Compound: The culprit must run away or/otherwise, he will be arrested.

Rule 6:

মরদ simple sentence এ এযজন person এয কযান যাজ যযায যাযণ ফরা ঴য়, তর্ফ compound sentence এ প্রথর্ভ যাযণ
উর্েখ্ যর্য result ফা পরাপরর্য conjunction “and” রদর্য় মুক্ত যযা ঴য়।

If the simple sentence states any cause of a person’s doing something, the compound sentence will first state
the cause, then join the result or outcome with a conjunction “and.”

Simple: Being guilty he ran away.

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Compound: He was guilty, and he ran away.

Simple: Being so happy he started to dance.

Compound: He was very happy, and he started to dance.

Rule 7:

মরদ simple sentence এ “for” থার্য এফং এয আর্গ কযান যাজ যযায পরাপর থার্য ও ঩র্য যাযণ থার্য তর্ফ compound
sentence এ “so”/”therefore” থাযর্ফ এফংএয আর্গ যাযণ ও ঩র্য যাজ যযায পরাপর থাযর্ফ।

If the simple sentence has “for” having the result before it and cause after it, the compound sentence will
contain the conjunction “so”/”therefore” having the cause before it and the result after it.

Simple: The boss praised him for his hard work.

Compound: He worked hard, so the boss praised him.

Compound: He worked hard, and therefore, the boss praised him.

In the above sentence, the result is “the praise of the boss, ” and the cause is “his(a person’s) hard work.”

Simple: The singer is very popular among people for her sweet voice.

Compound: The singer’s voice is sweet, so she is very popular among people.

Compound: The singer’s voice is sweet therefore she is very popular among people.

Rule 8:

মরদ simple sentence এ “to” থার্য এফং এয আর্গ কযান যাজ যযায পরাপর থার্য ও ঩র্য যাযণ থার্য তর্ফ compound
sentence এ conjunction “and” ফেফ঴ায ঴র্ফ ও ফারয ঳ফরযছু এযই থাযর্ফ।

If the simple sentence has “to” having the result/outcome before it and the cause/reason after it, the
compound sentence will have the conjunction “and” all other things being the same.

Simple: She came here to meet me.

Compound: She came here and met me.

Simple: She studied hard to get good marks.

Compound: She studied hard and got good marks.

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Rule 9:

মরদ simple sentence এ “In the event of being” থার্য তর্ফ compound sentence এই structure follow যযর্ফ,
“person must not be+ adjective + or/otherwise + person will not be…….”।

If the simple sentence has “In the event of being,” the compound sentence will follow this structure “person
must not be+ adjective + or/otherwise + person will not be…….”

Simple: In the event of being late you will not be allowed to participate in the meeting.

Compound: You must not be late or/ otherwise you will not be allowed to participate in the meeting.

Simple: In the event of being lazy you will not be allowed on the team.

Compound: You must not be lazy or/ otherwise you will not be allowed on the team.

Compound to Simple:
A compound sentence is characterized by at least two independent clauses which can be used as separate
sentences and are connected with coordinating conjunctions.

এযটি compound sentence এ যভ঩র্ে দুটি independent clause থার্য মাযা ঩ৃথয sentence র঴র্঳র্ফ ফেফহৃত ঴র্ত ঩ার্য
এফং coordinating conjunction রদর্য় মুক্ত থার্য ।

Such as: Listening to music and singing songs are my hobbies.

On the other hand, a simple sentence is characterized by only one independent clause and no dependent
clause.

Such as: Listening to music is my hobby.

The rules for transforming compound sentence to simple sentence are discussed below.

Compound sentence কয simple sentence এ রূ঩ান্তরযত যযায রনয়ভ নীর্চ ফরণেত ঴র্রা ।

Rule 1:

If the compound sentence is stating that a person is doing two things one after another and join them with a
conjunction-“and”; then while transforming it into simple, “ing” will be added to the first verb; thus the first
clause will be shortened and tense will be same as the second clause.

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মরদ compound sentence এ কফাঝার্না ঴য় কম কযউ দুর্টা যাজ যযর্ছ, এযটি আর্গ ও আর্যযটি ঩র্য এবাং “and” conjunction
রদর্য় মুক্ত থার্য, তর্ফ simple sentence এ রূপান্তনরত করার সময়

প্রথভ verb এয ঳ার্থ “ing” কমাগ যর্য প্রথভ clause টির্য ঳ংরেপ্ত যযা ঴য় এবাং রিতীয় clause এয

Tense ফেফহৃত ঴য় ।

Compound: I went there and met her.

Simple: Going there I met her.

Compound: She will go to the office and will do the work.

Simple: Going to the office she will do the work.

Compound: She will go to the theatre and watch the play.

Simple: Going to the theatre she will watch the play.

Rule 2:

If the compound sentence has “not only..….but also”, the simple sentence will use “besides being.”

Compound sentence এ “not only..….but also” থাযর্র, simple sentence এ “besides being” ফেফ঴ায যযা ঴র্ফ।

Compound: The girl is not only beautiful but also intelligent.

Simple: Besides being beautiful the girl is intelligent.

Compound: She is not only a brilliant student but also a good singer.

Simple: Besides being a brilliant student she is a good singer.

Compound: He is not only a good writer but also an outstanding lecturer.

Simple: Besides being a good writer he is an outstanding lecturer.

Rule 3:

If the compound sentence has the conjunction “but” joining the two different clauses, the simple sentence will
use “in spite of” at the beginning following my/his/her according to the person+ noun form of the adjective of
the subordinate clause + main clause.

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মরদ compound sentence এ conjunction “but” রদর্য় দুর্টা রবন্ন clause মুক্ত থার্য, তর্ফ simple sentence এ শুরুর্ত “in
spite of”, এয ঩র্য person অনুমায়ী my/his/her + subordinate clause এয adjective এয noun form + main clause
ফেফ঴ায যযা ঴র্ফ।

Compound: The book was long but interesting.

Simple: In spite of being long the book was interesting.

Compound: He was ill, but he came for rehearsal.

Simple: In spite of his illness he came for rehearsal.

Rule 4:

If the compound sentence has this structure, ”the person must do….or/otherwise, the person will not…..”, the
simple sentence will follow this structure, “ person must do….to + the result/outcome of doing the work.

মরদ compound sentence এই structure follow যর্য, ”person must do….or/otherwise person will not…..” , তর্ফ
simple sentence এই structure follow যযর্ফ, “ person must do….to + যাজটি যযায পরাপর ।

Compound: You must study hard or/otherwise, you will not get good marks in the exam.

Simple: You must study hard to get good marks in the exam.

Compound: He must run fast or/otherwise, he will not win the race.

Simple: He must run fast to win the race.

Rule 5:

If the compound sentence follows this structure, ”person must (do)….or/otherwise person will + verb’s simple
form…..” or , ”person must do…...or/otherwise person will be + verb’s past participle form, the simple
sentence will follow this structure, ”person must (do)….to escape/avoid……”.

মরদ compound sentence এই structure follow যর্য, ”person must (do)….or/otherwise person will + verb এয
simple form…..” or , ”person must do…...or/otherwise person will be + verb এয past participle form, simple
sentence এই structure follow যযর্ফ, ”person must (do)….to escape/avoid……” ।

Compound: You must practice hard or/otherwise, you will lose the game.

Simple: You must practice hard to escape losing the game.

Compound: He must work hard or/otherwise, he will be suspended.

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Simple: He must work hard to avoid suspension.

Compound: The thief must run away or/otherwise, he will be beaten.

Simple: The thief must run away to avoid being beaten.

Rule 6:

If the compound sentence first states a cause behind a work, then join the result or outcome with a
conjunction “and ”, the simple sentence will follow this structure, “ Being + adjective (cause)+ main clause.

মরদ compound sentence প্রথর্ভ কযার্না যাজ যযায যাযণ উর্েখ্ যর্য, যাজ যযায পরাপরর্য conjunction “and ” রদর্য়
মুক্ত যর্য, তর্ফ simple sentence এই structure follow যযর্ফ, “ Being + adjective (যাযণ)+ main clause।

Compound: He was guilty, and he ran away.

Simple: Being guilty he ran away.

Compound: He was very happy, and he started to dance.

Simple: Being so happy he started to dance.

Rule 7:

If the compound sentence contains the conjunction “so”/”therefore” having the cause before it and the result
after it, the simple sentence will have “for” having the result before it and cause after it.

মরদ compound sentence এ “so”/”therefore” থার্য এফংএয আর্গ যাযণ ও ঩র্য যাজ যযায পরাপর থার্য, তর্ফ simple
sentence এ “for” থাযর্ফ এফং এয আর্গ কযান যাজ যযায পরাপর ও ঩র্য যাযণ থাযর্ফ।

Compound: He worked hard, so the boss praised him.

Compound: He worked hard, and therefore the boss praised him.

Simple: The boss praised him for his hard work.

In the above sentence, the result is “the praising of boss”, and the cause is “his(a person’s) hard work”.

Compound: The singer’s voice is sweet, so she is very popular among people.

Compound: The singer’s voice is sweet therefore she is very popular among people.

Simple: The singer is very popular among people for her sweet voice.

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Rule 8:

If the compound sentence has the conjunction “and” having the result/outcome before it and the
cause/reason after it, the simple sentence will use “to” all other things being the same.

মরদ compound sentence এ conjunction “and” ফেফ঴ায যর্য এয আর্গ কযান যাজ যযায পরাপর

ও ঩র্য যাযণ থার্য, তর্ফ simple sentence এ “to” ফেফ঴ায ঴র্ফ ও ফারয ঳ফরযছু এযই থাযর্ফ।

Compound: She came here and met me.

Simple: She came here to meet me.

Simple: She studied hard to get good marks.

Compound: She studied hard and got good marks.

Rule 9:

If the compound sentence follows this structure, “person must not be+ adjective + or/otherwise + person will
not be…….”, the simple sentence will use “In the event of being” in the beginning + adjective+ main clause.

মরদ compound sentence এই structure follow যর্য, “person must not be+ adjective + or/otherwise + person will
not be…….”, simple sentence শুরুর্ত “In the event of being”+ adjective+ main clause ফেফ঴ায যযর্ফ ।

Compound: You must not be late or/ otherwise you will not be allowed to participate in the meeting.

Simple: In the event of being late you will not be allowed to participate in the meeting.

Compound: You must not be lazy or/ otherwise you will not be allowed on the team.

Simple: In the event of being lazy you will not be allowed on the team.

Compound to Complex:
A compound sentence is characterized by at least two independent clauses which can be used as separate
sentences and are connected with coordinating conjunctions.

এযটি compound sentence এ যভ঩র্ে দুটি independent clause থার্য মাযা ঩ৃথয sentence র঴র্঳র্ফ ফেফহৃত ঴র্ত ঩ার্য
এফং coordinating conjunction রদর্য় মুক্ত থার্য ।

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Such as, Listening to music and singing songs are my hobbies.

On the other hand, a complex sentence is characterized by one independent clause and at least one
dependent clause.

঩োন্তর্য Complex sentence এ এযটি independent clause এফং যভ঩র্ে এযটি dependent clause থার্য।

Such as, I will wait here until you come.

The rules for transforming compound sentence to complex sentence are discussed below.

Compound sentence কয complex sentence এ রূ঩ান্তরযত যযায রনয়ভ নীর্চ ফরণেত ঴র্রা ।

Rule 1:

If the compound sentence uses the conjunction “but”/”yet” to connect the different clauses, the complex
sentence will use “though”/”Although” in the beginning and “but”/”yet” will be removed.

Compound sentence “but”/”yet” conjunction রদর্য় ঩ৃথয clause গুর্রার্য মুক্ত যযর্র, Complex sentence এয শুরুর্ত
“though”/”Although” ফর্঳ “but”/”yet” উর্ে মার্ফ ।

Compound: He is poor, but he is happy.

Complex: Though he is poor, he is happy.

Compound: She is ill, yet she worked very hard.

Complex: Although she is ill, she worked very hard.

Compound: The class was lengthy, but it was enjoyable.

Complex: Though the class was lengthy, the class was enjoyable.

Rule 2:

If the compound sentence uses the conjunction “or”/”otherwise” to connect different clauses and future
tense is used in the second clause, the complex sentence uses “lest” in the middle and “should” after the
person.

মরদ Compound sentence এ conjunction “or”/”otherwise” ফেফ঴ায যর্য ঩ৃথয clause গুর্রার্য মুক্ত যযা ঴য় এফং রিতীয়
clause এ future tense ঴য়, তর্ফ complex sentence এয ভার্ঝ “lest” ঴র্ফ এফং person এয ঩র্য “should” ফ঳র্ফ ।

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Compound: Study hard, or you will fail.

Complex: Study hard lest you should fail.

Compound: Practice hard otherwise you will be out of the cricket team.

Complex: Practice hard lest you should be out of the cricket team.

Rule 3:

If the compound sentence uses the conjunction “and” to join the different clauses, the complex sentence will
use “As soon as” in the beginning removing the “and” from the middle.

মরদ compound sentence “and” conjunction রদর্য় ঩ৃথয clause গুর্রার্য মুক্ত যর্য, তর্ফ complex sentence এয শুরুর্ত
“As soon as” ফর্঳ ভাঝ কথর্য “and” উর্ে মার্ফ ।

Compound: The rain stopped, and we started the journey.

Complex: As soon as the rain stopped, we started the journey.

Compound: The crowd saw the hero and started shouting.

Complex: As soon as the crowd saw the hero, they started shouting.

Rule 4:

If the compound sentence uses “and”/ ”so” /”hence” /”therefore” to connect the different clauses, the
complex sentence uses “since”/”as”/”when” in the beginning removing “and”/ ”so”/ ”hence”/ ”therefore”
from the middle.

মরদ compound sentence “and”/ ”so”/ ”hence”/ ”therefore” রদর্য় ঩ৃথয clause গুর্রার্য মুক্ত যর্য, তর্ফ complex
sentence এয শুরুর্ত “since”/ ”as”/ ”when” ফর্঳ “and”/ ”so”/ ”hence”/ ”therefore” উর্ে মার্ফ ।

Compound: The weather was bad, and the match did not take place.

Complex: Since the weather was bad, the match did not take place.

Compound: She was ill, so she did not come.

Complex: As she was ill, she did not come.

Compound: The sun has set to the west, and therefore it is evening.

Complex: When it is evening, the sun has set to the west.

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Rule 5:

If the compound sentence uses “and” to connect two different clauses about the same person, the complex
sentence will use relative pronoun “who” in place of “and” removing the pronoun after it.

মরদ compound sentence এ “and” ফেফহৃত ঴য় এযই ফেরক্ত ঳ম্পর্যে দুর্টা রবন্ন clause মুক্ত যযর্ত, তর্ফ complex sentence
“and” এয স্থার্ন relative pronoun “who” ফেফ঴ায যর্য এয ঩র্যয pronoun উঠির্য় কদর্ফ ।

Compound: I saw a girl, and she was singing.

Complex: I saw a girl who was singing.

Compound: I have a friend, and she is a writer.

Complex: I have a friend who is a writer.

Rule 6:

If the compound sentence follows this structure, “Let+ object form of pronoun+ affirmative form of
subordinate clause+ or/otherwise+ main clause”, the complex sentence starts with “if” having first or third
person after it and it bears a negative meaning.

মরদ compound sentence এই structure follow যর্য , “Let+ pronoun এয object form + subordinate clause এয
affirmative form + or/otherwise + main clause”, তর্ফ complex sentence এয শুরুর্ত “if” ও এয ঩র্য first or third
person ফেফ঴ায যর্য negative অথে প্রযা঱ যর্য ।

Compound: let me go there or/otherwise I will be unable to learn it.

Complex: If I do not go there I will be unable to learn it.

Compound: Let me study hard or/otherwise I will be unable to get good marks.

Complex: if I do not study hard I will be unable to get good marks.

Rule 7:

If the compound sentence follows this structure, “Let+ object form of pronoun+ “and” between two clauses+
main clause”, the complex sentence starts with “if” having first or third person after it and it is in affirmative
form.

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Compound sentence মরদ এই structure follow যর্য , “Let+ pronoun এয object form + দুই clauses এয ভার্ঝ “and”
+ main clause”, তর্ফ complex sentence এয শুরুর্ত “if” ও এয ঩র্য first or third person ফেফ঴ায যর্য affirmative
form এ থার্য ।

Compound: Let me study hard, and I will be able to get good marks.

Complex: If I study hard, I will be able to get good marks.

Compound: Let me go there, and I will be able to learn it.

Compound: Let me go there, and I will be able to learn it.

Rule 8:

If the compound sentence uses an affirmative form of verb+ or/otherwise + main clause, the complex
sentence starts with “if” having the second person after it and expressing a negative meaning.

Compound sentence মরদ এই structure follow যর্য , verb এয affirmative form + or/otherwise + main clause,
complex sentence এয শুরুর্ত “if” ও এয ঩র্য second person ফেফ঴ায যর্য negative অথে প্রযা঱ যর্য ।

Compound: Study hard, or you will fail.

Complex: If you do not study hard, you will fail.

Compound: Practice more, or you cannot become a good singer.

Complex: If you do not practice more, you cannot become a good singer.

Rule 9:

If the compound sentence uses an affirmative form of verb+ and + main clause, the complex sentence starts
with “if” having second person after it and it's in affirmative form.

Compound sentence মরদ এই structure follow যর্য , verb এয affirmative form + and + main clause, Complex
sentence এয শুরুর্ত “if” ও এয ঩র্য second person ফেফ঴ায যর্য affirmative form এ থার্য ।

Compound: Study hard, and you will get good marks.

Complex: If you study hard, you will get good marks.

Compound: Read more, and your writing capability will increase.

Complex: If you read more, your writing capability will increase.

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Rule 10:

If the compound sentence has this form, “very….and so/hence/therefore+ main clause”, the If the complex
sentence will use “so…that” form.

মরদ compound sentence “very….and so/hence/therefore+ main clause” এই from এ থার্য, তর্ফ complex sentence
“so…that” form ফেফ঴ায যযর্ফ ।

Compound: I am very tired, and so/hence/therefore I cannot work.

Complex: I am so tired that I cannot work.

Compound: The place is very crowded, and so/hence/therefore I cannot find a place to stand.

Complex: The place is so crowded that I cannot find a place to stand.

Rule 11:

If the compound sentence uses ”or” between two clauses stating an advice, the complex sentence starts with
“Unless” following second person(you).

মরদ compound sentence দুই clause এয ভার্ঝ ”or” ফেফ঴ায যর্য উ঩র্দ঱ কদয়া কফাঝায়, তর্ফ Complex sentence এয
শুরুর্ত “Unless” ও এয ঩র্য second person (you) থার্য ।

Compound: Say prayers, or you cannot advise anyone to say prayers.

Complex: Unless you say prayers, you cannot advise anyone to say prayers.

Compound: Practice hard, or you cannot become a good singer.

Complex: Unless you practice hard, you cannot become a good singer.

Complex to Simple:
A sentence characterized by one independent clause and at least one dependent clause is called a Complex
sentence.

এযটি Complex sentence এ এযটি independent clause এফং যভ঩র্ে এযটি dependent clause থার্য ।

Such as, Although I was ill, I attended the meeting.

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On the other hand, a sentence characterized by only one independent clause and no dependent clause is
called a Simple sentence.

঩োন্তর্য এযটি Simple sentence এ এযটি ভাে independent clause এফং কযার্না dependent clause থার্য না।

Such as, In spite of my illness I attended the meeting.

The rules for transforming complex sentence to simple sentence are discussed below.

Complex sentence ক্ষক simple sentence এ রূপান্তনরত করার নিয়ম নিম্ে বনণি ত হম্঱া ।

Rule 1:

When the subject of two clauses of a complex sentence including since/as/when is same and both clauses
have the main verb, the simple sentence will follow this formula: Verb+ing of 1st clause + the rest of the verb +
comma + subject of 1st clause + the rest.

মখ্ন since/as/when ঳঴ complex sentence এয দুটি clause এয subject এযই ঴য় এফং উবয় clause এয main verb
থার্য, তর্ফ simple sentence এই formula follow যযর্ফ: 1st clause এয Verb+ ing + verb এয ফারয অং঱ + comma + 1st
clause এয subject + ফারয অং঱ ।

Example:

Complex: Since I was ill, I could not attend the meeting.

Simple: Being ill, I could not attend the meeting.

Complex: As I performed very well, I got the first prize.

Simple: Performing very well, I got the first prize.

Complex: When the criminal saw the police, he ran away.

Simple: Seeing the police, the criminal ran away.

Exception:

Complex: When the chicken curry arrived, we started having lunch.

Simple: On the arrival of the chicken curry, we started having lunch.

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Rule 2:

When the subjects of two clauses of a complex sentence are different and have
am/is/are/was/were/has/have/had, the simple sentence will follow this rule: Eliminate the since/as/when +
replacing am/is/are/was/were use being or in place of has/have/had use having + 2nd clause.

মখ্ন complex sentence এয দুটি clause এয subject রবন্ন ঴য় এফং am/is/are/was/were/has/have/had থার্য, তর্ফ
simple sentence এই রনয়ভ follow যযর্ফ:

since/as/when উঠির্য় কদর্ফ + am/is/are/was/were এয ঩রযফর্তে being অথফা has/have/had এয ঩রযফর্তে having
ফেফ঴ায যযর্ফ + ২য় clause ।

Example:

Complex: Since the weather was very bad, we did not start the journey.

Simple: The weather being very bad, we did not start the journey.

Complex: When the show was over, we came back home.

Simple: The show being over, we came back home.

Rule 3:

When the subject of the two clauses is same, and the subordinate clause has be verb (am/ is/ are/ was/ were/
have/ has/ had), the simple sentence will follow this rule: Because of in the place of since/as + the possessive
form of subject of 1st clause + being in the place of (am/is/are/was/were) or having in the place of
(has/have/had) + the rest + comma + 2nd clause.

মখ্ন দুটি clause এয subject এযই ঴য় এফং subordinate clause এয be verb (am/is/are/was/were/has/have/had)
থার্য, তর্ফ simple sentence এই রনয়ভ follow যযর্ফ:

since/as এয ঩রযফর্তে because of+ ১ভ clause এয subject এয possessive form + (am/is/are/was/were) এয ঩রযফর্তে
being অথফা (has/have/had) এয ঩রযফর্তে having ফেফ঴ায যযর্ফ + comma+ ২য় clause ।

Example:

Complex: Since he was ill, he could not come.

Simple: Because being ill, he could not come.

Complex: He was loved by all, as he had honesty.

Simple: He was loved by all, because of his having honesty.

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Rule 4:

When a complex sentence has relative pronoun, the simple sentence will follow this rule: From the beginning
up to the relative pronoun will be written + the relative pronoun will be omitted+ the be verb will be omitted +
the main verb + ing + the rest.

মখ্ন complex sentence এ relative pronoun থার্য, তখ্ন simple sentence এই রনয়ভ follow যযর্ফ:

প্রথভ কথর্য relative pronoun ঩মেন্ত ররখ্র্ত ঴র্ফ + relative pronoun উর্ে মার্ফ + be verb উর্ে মার্ফ + the main verb + ing
+ ফারয অং঱ ।

Example:

Complex: The doctor lived in a quarter that belonged to the hospital.

Simple: The doctor lived in a quarter belonging to the hospital.

Complex: A cow that is very strong can plow this land.

Simple: A cow being very strong can plow his land.

Complex: The students who study seriously can get good marks.

Simple: The students studying seriously can get good marks.

Rule 5:

If the complex sentence has “when” which indicates estimate while transforming it into simple, when will be
omitted + subject and verb after when will be omitted + little time at/in+ season (if mentioned) + (if age is
mentioned) at the age of+ the rest.

মরদ complex sentence এ “when” থার্য মা ঳ভর্য়য ঩রযভা঩ কফাঝায় তর্ফ এর্য simple যযায ঳ভয়, when উর্ে মার্ফ+
when এয ঩র্যয subject ও verb উর্ে মার্ফ + কছাট ঳ভয় at/in + season (মরদ উর্েখ্ থার্য) + age থাযর্র at the age of +
ফারয অং঱।

Example:

Complex: When it was midnight, I was awakened by the sound of construction.

Simple: At midnight I was awakened by the sound of construction.

Complex: When it is summer, we can eat different kinds of mango.

Simple: In summer, we can eat different kinds of mango.

Complex: When he was six, he left the country.

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Simple: At the age of six, he left the country.

But if the when doesn’t mean time rather it means that something is going on, then At the time of + Verb+ ing
+ the rest.

রযন্তু মরদ when ঳ভয় না ফুরঝর্য় কযান রযছু ঘটর্ছ তা কফাঝায় তর্ফ, At the time of + Verb+ ing + ফারয অং঱, এই রনয়ভ
ফেফ঴ায ঴র্ফ ।

Example:

Complex: When it was raining, we were sitting in the coffee shop.

Simple: At the time of raining, we were sitting in the coffee shop.

When the personal subject is used in the subordinate clause, the simple sentence will use a possessive
pronoun.

মখ্ন subordinate clause এ personal subject ফেফহৃত ঴য়, তখ্ন simple sentence, possessive pronoun ফেফ঴ায যর্য ।

Example:

Complex: When they were studying, the teacher came.

Simple: At the time of their studying, the teacher came.

Complex: When I was having tea, she came.

Simple: At the time of my having tea, she came.

Rule 6:

To transform negative conditional complex sentence having if, into a simple form, this rule is followed:
Without+ Verb+ ing + 2nd clause.

Negative conditional complex sentence মার্ত if থার্য, তা simple যযর্ত এই রনয়ভ ফেফ঴ায যযা ঴য়: Without+ Verb+
ing + ২য় clause ।

Example:

Complex: If you do not struggle in life, you cannot achieve your goal.

Simple: Without struggling in life, you cannot achieve your goal.

Complex: If you do not study hard, you will not get good marks in the exam.

Simple: Without studying hard, you will not get good marks in the exam.

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If the clause is affirmative then by is used replacing without.

মরদ clause টি affirmative ঴য়, without এয ঩রযফর্তে by ফেফহৃত ঴য় ।

Example:

Complex: If you work hard, you will get promotion quickly.

Simple: By working hard, you will get promotion quickly.

Rule 7:

If the complex sentence has “so that”, the simple sentence will follow this rule:

From beginning up to so will be written + from “so that “up to may/might/can/could will be eliminated + to +
the rest of the sentence.

মরদ complex sentence এ “so that” থার্য তর্ফ, simple sentence এই রনয়ভ follow যযর্ফ: শুরু কথর্য so ঩মেন্ত ররখ্র্ত ঴র্ফ
+ “so that “কথর্য may/might/can/could ঩মেন্ত উর্ে মার্ফ + to + sentence এয ফারয অং঱ ।

Example:

Complex: The student studied hard so that he could get good marks on the exam.

Simple: The student studied hard to get good marks on the exam.

Complex: The singer is trying hard so that she can get the national award.

Simple: The singer is trying hard to get the national award.

Rule 8:

If the complex sentence has “so……that” form, the simple sentence will follow this rule: too will be used in the
place of so + the same thing will be placed up to that + from that up to not will be eliminated + to + the rest.

মরদ complex sentence এ “so……that” form থার্য তর্ফ, simple sentence এই রনয়ভ follow যযর্ফ:

so এয জায়গায় too ফ঳র্ফ + that এয আর্গ ঩মেন্ত এযই রজরন঳ ফ঳র্ফ + that কথর্য not ঩মেন্ত অং঱ উর্ে মার্ফ + to + ফারয
অং঱।

Example:

Complex: He is so sick that he cannot come.

Simple: He is too weak to come.

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Rule 9:

When the complex sentence has though/although, to transform it into simple form this rule will be followed:
In spite of will be used in the place of though /although + subject’s possessive form + being in the place of
am/is/are/was/were or having in the place of has/have/had or verb+ ing + the rest + the 2nd clause.

মখ্ন complex sentence এ though/although থার্য, এর্য simple form এ রনর্ত এই রনয়ভ follow যযর্ত ঴য়:

Though/although এয স্থার্ন In spite of ফেফ঴ায ঴র্ফ + subject এয possessive form + am/is/are/was/were এয স্থার্ন
being অথফা has/have/had এয স্থার্ন having অথফা verb+ ing ফেফ঴ায ঴র্ফ + ফারয অং঱ + ২য় clause ।

Example:

Complex: Though she was sick, she worked very hard.

Simple: In spite of her being sick, she worked very hard.

Complex: Although he has a lot of books, he wants to buy more.

Simple: In spite of his having a lot of books, he wants to buy more

Complex to Compound:
A complex sentence is characterized by one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.

এযটি Complex sentence এ এযটি independent clause এফং যভ঩র্ে এযটি dependent clause থার্য।

Such as, I will wait here until you come.

On the other hand, a compound sentence is characterized by at least two independent clauses which can be
used as separate sentences and are connected with coordinating conjunctions.

঩োন্তর্য এযটি compound sentence এ যভ঩র্ে দুটি independent clause থার্য মাযা ঩ৃথয sentence র঴র্঳র্ফ ফেফহৃত ঴র্ত
঩ার্য এফং coordinating conjunction রদর্য় মুক্ত থার্য ।

Such as, Listening to music and singing songs are my hobbies.

The rules for transforming complex sentence to compound sentence are discussed below.

Complex sentence কয compound sentence এ রূ঩ান্তরযত যযায রনয়ভ নীর্চ ফরণেত ঴র্রা ।

Rule 1:

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If the complex sentence has “though”/”Although” in the beginning, the compound sentence will use the
conjunction “but”/”yet” to connect the different clauses.

Complex sentence এয শুরুর্ত “though”/”Although” থাযর্র, compound sentence “but”/”yet” conjunction রদর্য়
঩ৃথয clause গুর্রার্য মুক্ত যর্য ।

Complex: Though he is poor, he is happy.

Compound: He is poor, but he is happy.

Complex: Although she is ill, she worked very hard.

Compound: She is ill, yet she worked very hard.

Complex: Though the class was lengthy, the class was enjoyable.

Compound: The class was lengthy, but it was enjoyable.

Rule 2:

If the complex sentence has “lest” in the middle having “should” after the person, the compound sentence will
use the conjunction “or”/”otherwise” to connect the different clauses, and future tense will be used in the
second clause.

Complex sentence এয ভার্ঝ মরদ “lest” থার্য এফং person এয ঩র্য “should” থার্য তর্ফ compound sentence এ
conjunction “or”/”otherwise” ফেফ঴ায যর্য ঩ৃথয clause গুর্রার্য মুক্ত যযা ঴য় এফং রিতীয় clause এ future tense ঴য় ।

Complex: Study hard lest you should fail.

Compound: Study hard, or you will fail.

Complex: Practice hard lest you should be out of the cricket team.

Compound: Practice hard otherwise you will be out of the cricket team.

Rule 3:

If the complex sentence has “As soon as” in the beginning, the compound sentence will use the conjunction
“and” to join the different clauses.

Complex sentence এয শুরুর্ত “As soon as” থাযর্র, compound sentence “and” conjunction রদর্য় ঩ৃথয clause
গুর্রার্য মুক্ত যর্য ।
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Complex: As soon as the rain stopped, we started the journey.

Compound: The rain stopped, and we started the journey.

Complex: As soon as the crowd saw the hero, they started shouting.

Compound: The crowd saw the hero and started shouting.

Rule 4:

If the complex sentence has “since”/”as”/”when” in the beginning, the compound sentence will use
“and”/”so”/”hence”/”therefore” to connect the different clauses.

Complex sentence এয শুরুর্ত “since”/”as”/”when” থাযর্র, compound sentence

“and”/”so”/”hence”/”therefore” রদর্য় ঩ৃথয clause গুর্রার্য মুক্ত যর্য ।

Complex: Since the weather was bad, the match did not take place.

Compound: The weather was bad, and the match did not take place.

Complex: As she was ill, she did not come.

Compound: She was ill, so she did not come.

Complex: When it is evening, the sun has set to the west.

Compound: The sun has set to the west, and therefore it is evening.

Rule 5:

If the complex sentence has relative pronoun “who”, the compound sentence will use “and” in that place and
object of the first clause will be the subject of the second clause.

Complex sentence এ relative pronoun “who” থাযর্র, compound sentence ক঳ স্থার্ন “and” ফেফ঴ায যর্য এফং প্রথভ
clause এয object রিতীয় clause এয subject ঴র্য় মায় ।

Complex: I saw a girl who was singing.

Compound: I saw a girl, and she was singing.

Complex: I have a friend who is a writer.

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Compound: I have a friend, and she is a writer.

Rule 6:

If the complex sentence starts with “if” having first or third person after it and it bears a negative meaning
while transforming it to compound this structure will be followed, “Let+ object form of pronoun+ affirmative
form of subordinate clause+ or/otherwise+ main clause”.

Complex sentence এয শুরুর্ত “if” ও এয ঩র্য first or third person থাযর্র এফং তা মরদ negative অথে প্রযা঱ যর্য তর্ফ
compound যযায ঳ভয় এই structure follow যযা ঴য় “Let+ pronoun এয object form + subordinate clause এয
affirmative form + or/otherwise + main clause” ।

Complex: If I do not go there I will be unable to learn it.

Compound: let me go there or/otherwise I will be unable to learn it.

Complex: if I do not study hard I will be unable to get good marks.

Compound: Let me study hard or/otherwise I will be unable to get good marks.

Rule 7:

If the complex sentence starts with “if” having first or third person after it and it is in affirmative form while
transforming it to compound this structure will be followed, “Let+ object form of pronoun+ “and” between
two clauses+ main clause”.

Complex sentence এয শুরুর্ত “if” ও এয ঩র্য first or third person থাযর্র এফং তা মরদ affirmative form এ থার্য তর্ফ
compound যযায ঳ভয় এই structure follow যযা ঴য়, “Let+ pronoun এয object form + দুই clauses এয ভার্ঝ “and”
+ main clause” ।

Complex: If I go there, I will be able to learn it.

Compound: let me go there, and I will be able to learn it.

Complex: if I study hard, I will be able to get good marks.

Compound: Let me study hard, and I will be able to get good marks.

Rule 8:

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When the complex sentence starts with “if” having the second person after it and expressing a negative
meaning, the compound sentence will omit “If you do not” and use an affirmative form of verb+ or/otherwise
+ the main clause.

Complex sentence এয শুরুর্ত “if” ও এয ঩র্য second person থাযর্র এফং তা মরদ negative অথে প্রযা঱ যর্য তর্ফ
compound যযায ঳ভয় “If you do not” উর্ে রগর্য় verb এয affirmative form + or/otherwise + main clause ঴য় ।

Complex: If you do not study hard, you will fail.

Compound: Study hard, or you will fail.

Complex: If you do not practice more, you cannot become a good singer.

Compound: Practice more, or you cannot become a good singer.

Rule 9:

When the complex sentence starts with “if” having the second person after it and it’s in affirmative form, the
compound sentence will omit “If you do not” and use an affirmative form of verb+ and + main clause.

Complex sentence এয শুরুর্ত “if” ও এয ঩র্য second person থাযর্র এফং তা মরদ affirmative form এ থার্য তর্ফ
compound যযায ঳ভয় “If you do not” উর্ে রগর্য় verb এয affirmative form + and + main clause ঴য় ।

Complex: If you study hard, you will get good marks.

Compound: Study hard, and you will get good marks.

Complex: If you read more, your writing capability will increase.

Compound: Read more, and your writing capability will increase.

Rule 10:

If the complex sentence has “so…that” form, the compound sentence will follow this rule, “very “ in place of
“so”; ”and” in place of “that” +so/hence/therefore+ main clause.

Complex sentence মরদ “so…that” form এ থার্য তর্ফ compound sentence এই রনয়ভ follow যযর্ফ, “so” এয স্থার্ন
“very “; “that” এয স্থার্ন ”and” +so/hence/therefore + main clause ।

Complex: I am so tired that I cannot work.

Compound: I am very tired, and so/hence/therefore I cannot work.

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Complex: The place is so crowded that I cannot find a place to stand.

Compound: The place is very crowded, and so/hence/therefore I cannot find a place to stand.

Rule 11:

If the complex sentence starts with “Unless” following second person(you), the compound sentence will follow
this structure, “Unless and you will be omitted + ”or” between two clauses+ main clause.”

Complex sentence এয শুরুর্ত “Unless” ও এয ঩র্য second person (you) থাযর্র , compound sentence এই structure
follow যযর্ফ, “Unless ও you উর্ে মার্ফ + দুই clause এয ভার্ঝ ”or” + main clause ।

Complex: Unless you say prayers, you cannot advise anyone to say prayers.

Compound: Say prayers, or you cannot advise anyone to say prayers.

Complex: Unless you practice hard, you cannot become a good singer.

Compound: Practice hard, or you cannot become a good singer.

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