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Wind Load Test and Calculation of The Base Station Antenna: White Paper
Wind Load Test and Calculation of The Base Station Antenna: White Paper
Wind Load Test and Calculation of The Base Station Antenna: White Paper
White Paper for the Wind Load Test and Calculation of the Base Station Antenna April, 2019 Page 1 of 17
Contents
Abstract
Wind Load Calculation Methods
P-BASTA New Standard and Antenna Wind Tunnel Test
Definition of Huawei Antenna Wind Load
Antenna Wind Load Engineering Application
Appendix
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Abstract
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Wind Load Calculation Methods
1. Standardized Calculation
𝐹𝑤 = 𝐶𝑑 ∗ 𝑞𝑣 ∗ 𝐴
Where,
𝐹𝑤 :wind load (N)
𝐶𝑑 :drag coefficient
𝑞𝑣 :wind pressure (Pa)
A:windward projection area (m2)
The wind pressure is subject to the air density
and wind speed. Its calculation formula is as
follows:
1
𝑞𝑣 = ∗ 𝜌 ∗ 𝑣2
2
Where,
White Paper for the Wind Load Test and Calculation of the Base Station Antenna April, 2019 Page 4 of 17
Standard for Antenna Supporting Structures and
Antennas.
Compared with the TIA-222 standard, the Figure 3 Reduction factor for a
EN1991-1-4 standard also provides the impact of rectangular section with rounded
the ratio of thickness to width, ratio of round corners
to width on the drag coefficient. Therefore, the
EN1991-1-4 standard can be used to more
accurately calculate the wind load of antennas of
different shapes. Huawei used the EN1991-1-4
standard before 2018 to calculate the
antenna wind load.
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2. CFD Simulation
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P-BASTA Standard and Antenna
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must be greater than or equal to 300 mm.
The test wind speed is 150 km/h. If
resonance occurs, the wind speed can be
reduced. The wind load corresponding to
the wind speed of 150 km/h can be
obtained through interpolation calculation.
Wind load calculation:
Test the wind load of the antenna mounted on a
pole in the wind tunnel environment, including the
front-side and lateral-side wind load. When
calculating the wind load on the front side of the
antenna, subtract the wind load of the part of the
pole protruding from the antenna. When
calculating the wind load on the lateral side of the
antenna, subtract the wind load of the entire pole
from the total wind load.
load
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Wind Tunnel Test
𝐹𝑤
𝐶𝑑 =
1 2
2 ∗ 𝜌 ∗ 𝑉 ∗ 𝐴𝐴𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑛𝑎
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The drag coefficient of the antennas with similar
profile shapes is similar.
Figure 9 and Figure 10 show the drag coefficients
of the antennas with the ratios of thickness
to width equal of 0.44 and 0.26, respectively in
the wind tunnel test.
The wind tunnel test result is different from the
standardized calculation result. The following
figure compares the test results of three
antennas when wind tunnel tests, EN1991-1-4,
and TIA-222 are used.
Comparison of the drag coefficients on the front
side of the antennas:
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Wind load Calculation and Datasheet
Claimed Value
From the front, the pole part with the same length
as the antenna against the rear of the antenna are
Figure 11 Subtracting the wind load
completely shielded by the antenna, which has
of the pole
little impact on the wind load. Therefore, the front-
side wind load equals the total wind load minus
the wind load of the pole part beyond the antenna.
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maximum value of the wind tunnel test minus
the wind load of the pole part beyond the
antenna.
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reflected. If necessary, the load can be evaluated
based on the load of the front side. The P-BASTA
V11.1 standard also cancels the rear-side value.
3. Treatment of wind load on the lateral side of
the antenna
On the lateral side, the pole is completely
exposed. The proportion of the projection area of
the pole to the entire projection area is large.
That is, the proportion of the wind load of the pole
is large (see Figure 13). Therefore, the lateral-
side wind load in the datasheet is calculated by
subtracting the wind load of the entire pole.
4. Maximum Value
The maximum wind load of antennas is not
necessarily at front-side or rear-side. Instead, it
may be at a scope of 0°to 90°or 90°to 180°.
The maximum wind load in the wind tunnel test is Figure 13 Impact of the pole on the
greatly affected by the pole. In the angle of the lateral-side wind load
maximum value, the coupling of the flow with the
antenna and pole is too strong.as shown in
Figure 14. This coupling brings the load
enhancement effect. The coupling effect varies
according to wind tunnel environments and poles,
and the test results may be different. The
maximum value of Huawei antenna datasheet is
based on the wind load in a specific wind tunnel
test environment.
In actual applications, antennas are installed on
poles with various lengths and diameters. In most
cases, multiple antennas are installed on the
same pole, which also bears cables, RRUs, and
other devices. As a result, the wind flow field of
the antenna is totally different, and the
maximum wind load of the antenna is different.
Therefore, the maximum value under a specific
condition in datasheet is used as a reference only
in actual applications.
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Design and Research of Reduced Wind
load of Huawei Antennas
Application
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engineering application, the wind load in the
antenna datasheet can be used only as the initial
guidance data. Site engineers should perform
systematic analysis and calculation according to
specific application scenarios to determine and
evaluate the wind load of the entire system.
Conclusion
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Appendix
CSU-1 wind tunnel lab belongs to the National Engineering Laboratory for High-speed
Railway Construction. Its flow field calibration and acceptance were completed in June
2012. CSU-1 wind tunnel is a close-circuit atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnel with
two test sections.
The first test section (high-speed section) is 3.0 m wide, 3.0 m high and 15.0 m long, with
the wind speed ranging from 0 m/s to 94 m/s, turbulence intensity less than 0.3%, non-
uniformity of the velocity field less than 0.5%, yaw angle/inclined angle less than 0.5°,
coefficient of dynamic pressure stability less than 0.6%, and axial static pressure gradient
less than 0.0005/m. The second test section (low-speed section) is 12.0 m wide, 3.5 m
high, and 18.0 m long, with the wind speed ranging from 0 ms to 20 m/s, turbulence
intensity less than 0.8%, non-uniformity of the velocity field less than 2%, yaw
angle/inclined angle less than 1°, coefficient of dynamic pressure stability less than 0.1%,
and axial static pressure gradient less than 0.007/m. The wind tunnel has a full-steel
structure. CSU-1 wind tunnel is characterized by its large-scale test sections, high
design wind speed, and high flow quality and is suitable for the experiments for
bridge wind engineering, train aerodynamic, structure wind engineering and wind
environment.
Address: 22 Shao-shan south road, Changsha, Hunan, China
Website: http://www.windcsu.org
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References
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