S M Atiq, Senior Faculty (IA), BCS Confidence [FB froup: Fact-Finding (ATIK SIR)

GmGg AvwZK
mv¤úªwZK Gwkqv wmwbqi d¨vKvwë (AvšÍR©vwZK welqvewj)
wewmGm Kbwd‡WÝ (†ejvj ivRy cwiPvwjZ)
01756 32 81 47

†ivwn½v msKU weAviAvB GGwRwm

†WvKjvg we‡iva Kvjvcvwb we‡iva `wÿY wPb mvM‡i D‡ËRbv
Kvwk¥i msKU mv¤úªwZK Bivb mv¤úªwZK Bmiv‡qj
Uªv‡¤úi kvwšÍ cwiKíbv Bmiv‡qj‡K Avie †`k¸‡jvi ¯^xK…wZ Avie emšÍ
B‡qgb msKU KvZvi msKU wmwiqvi M„nhy×
Kzw`© msKU nsKs msKU mv¤úªwZK gv‡jwkqv

†ivwn½v msKU
 fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡ki Ask wQ‡jv evg©v| G‡K †mvbvwj c¨v‡MvWvi †`k ejv n‡Zv| 1824 mv‡j evg©vq weªwUk kvmb ïiæ nq|
1935 mv‡ji fviZ kvmb AvB‡bi gva¨‡g fviZxq Dcgnv‡`k †_‡K Avjv`v nq †`kwU| weªwUk‡`i KvQ †_‡K ¯^vaxbZv jvf
K‡i 1948 mv‡ji 4 Rvbyqvwi| †`kwUi ¯^vaxbZvi Av‡›`vj‡bi Ab¨Zg †bZv As mvb (eZ©gvb †h mywP‡K Avgiv wPwb Zvi
evev)|
 1989 mv‡j evg©vi bvgKiY Kiv nq wicvewjK Ae `¨ BDwbqb Ae wgqvbgvi| †`kwUi ivRavbx wQ‡jv Bqv½yb| Bqv½yb †_‡K
ivRavbx †bwc‡`v‡Z ¯’vbvšÍwiZ Kiv nq 2005 mv‡j hv 2008 mv‡ji msweavb cÖYq‡bi ga¨ w`‡q Kvh©Ki nq| wgqvbgv‡ii
cvj©v‡g›U wØ-Kÿ wewkó| wb¤œ K‡ÿi m`m¨ msL¨v 440| D”P K‡ÿi Avmb | Dfq K‡ÿi 25 kZvsk Avmb Kg©iZ †mbv
m`m¨‡`i Rb¨ msiwÿZ|
 R¡vjvwbi g~j¨e„w×i cÖwZev‡` †e․×iv wgqvbgv‡i Rvdivwb Av‡›`vjb K‡i 2007 mv‡j| 1997 mvj †_‡K wgqvbgvi Avwmqv‡bi
m`m¨| 5wU †`‡ki mv‡_ mxgvbv i‡q‡Q wgqvbgv‡ii| `wÿ‡Y e‡½vcmv‡Mvi I Av›`vgvb mvMi Aew¯’Z|
 wgqvbgv‡ii 7wU ivR¨| hvi g‡a¨ evsjv‡`‡ki mxgvšÍeZ©x ivR¨wUi bvg ivLvBb| ivR¨wUi cÖvPxbKv‡j bvg ivLvBb wQ‡jv| wKš‘
cZ©ywMR I Bs‡iRiv GwU‡K AvivKvb bv‡g WvKv ïiæ K‡i| AvšÍR©vwZKfv‡e AvivKvb bv‡gB cwiwPwZ cvq| Z‡e mvgwiK
RvšÍv miKvi 1990 Gi `k‡K Gi bvg AvivKvb †_‡K cybivq ivLvBb K‡i| 36 nvRvi 762 eM©wK‡jvgwUv‡ii GB ivR¨wU‡Z
evm K‡i cÖvq 32 jvL gvbyl| ivLvB‡b emevmKvix e„nËg Rb‡MvôxwU n‡jv †e․× ag©vej¤^x ivLvBb| evsjv‡`‡ki PÆMÖvg
ewikvj wefv‡MI ivLvBbiv evm K‡i| hviv PÆMÖv‡gi ce©‡Z evm K‡i Zv‡`i ejv nq gvigv Avi mgZ‡j †hgb cUzqvLvjx‡Z
hviv evm K‡i Zv‡`i ejv nq gM|
 AvivKv‡b emevmKvix gymwjg Rb‡Mvôxi bvg †ivwn½v| hviv B‡›`v-A¨vwiqvb G_wbK MÖæ‡ci m`m¨| 1982 mv‡j wgqvbgvi †h
b¨vkbvwjwU j cÖYqb K‡i Zv‡Z †ivwn½v‡`i bvMwiK wn‡m‡e A¯^xKvi Kiv nq| hw`I evg©vi cÖ_g gwš¿ mfvq gš¿xI wQ‡jb
†ivwn½v †_‡K| †ivwn½v‡`i cÖwZ wgqvbgvi miKv‡ii AvPiY‡K A¨vcvU©‡nB‡Wi mv‡_ Zzjbv K‡i‡Qb gvbevwaKvi Kg©xiv|
†ivwn½v Rb‡Mvwôi msL¨v cÖvq 20 jvL| hvi g‡a¨ 11 †_‡K 13 jvL evm Ki‡Q evsjv‡`‡k| cÖvq 4 jvL wgqvbgv‡i| cÖvq 5
jvL †ivwn½v Av‡Q †m․w` Avi‡e|
 1962 mv‡j wgqvbgv‡i mvgwiK kvmb ïiæ nIqvi ci †_‡K Zv‡`i Ici Pvjv‡bv n‡”Q AgvbweK wbh©vZb| 1978, 1991-92,
2012, 2015, 2016-17, Ges 2017-18 mv‡j Pvjv‡bv nq e¨vcK nZ¨vhÁ| RvwZmsN I wnDg¨vb ivBUm IqvP †ivwn½v
wbh©vZb‡K ÔG_wbK wK¬bwRsÕ e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Q|
 wgqvbgv‡ii `vwe †ivwn½viv †`kwUi Avw`evmx bq| Zviv evsjv‡`k †_‡K hvIqv A‣ea Awfevmx| Zviv †ivwn½v bvgwUI ej‡Z
Pvq bv| evOvwj e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡i| hw`I AvivKvb †ivwn½v b¨vkbvj AM©vbvB‡Rkb `vwe, wgqvbgv‡i Zv‡`i AvZ¥cwiPq
wb‡q evuPvi AwaKvi i‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`‡k †ivwn½v‡`i cwiPq- wWm‡cømW wccjm Ae wgqvbgvi| hw`I AvšÍR©vwZKfv‡e
wiwdDwR (kiYv_©x) wn‡m‡e Zv‡`i ¯^xK…wZ BwZg‡a¨B wg‡j‡Q|

wiwdDwR hviv: BDGbGBPwmAvi Gi wiwdDwRi msÁvq ejv n‡q‡Q, hviv wbh©vZb, hy×, mwnsmZvi wkKvi n‡q GK †`k †_‡K Ab¨ †`‡k wM‡q AvkÖq
wb‡q‡Q| eY©, ag©, ivR‣bwZK gZv`k© A_ev †Kv‡bv mvgvwRK †Mvôxi m`m¨ nIqvi Kvi‡Y Zv‡`i Ici wbh©vZb n‡q _v‡K| Zviv N‡i wdi‡Z cv‡ib bv
 S M Atiq, Senior Faculty (IA), BCS Confidence [FB froup: Fact-Finding (ATIK SIR)

Ges wdi‡Z fq cvb| `yB Z…Zxqvsk kiYv_©x Avm‡Q gvÎ wZbwU †`k †_‡K| me‡P †ewk kiYv_©x Rb¥ w`‡q‡Q wmwiqv| Gici i‡q‡Q- AvdMvwb¯Ívb,
`wÿY my`vb, wgqvbgvi Ges †mvgvwjqv| Ab¨w`‡K kiYv_©x AvkÖq †`qv †`‡ki ZvwjKvq cÖ_‡gB i‡q‡Q Zzi¯‥|
Z‡e †hme †jvKRb †Kv‡bv †`‡kiB bvMwiK bq Zv‡`i ejv nq †÷U‡jm wccj| Gi msL¨v cÖvq 10 wgwjqb| Rjevqy cwieZ©bmn wewfbœ Kvi‡Y hviv
†`‡ki g‡a¨B GK¯’vb †_‡K Ab¨¯’v‡b †h‡Z eva¨ n‡q‡Q Zv‡`i ejv nq B›Uvibvwj wWm‡cømW cvimb (AvBwWwc)| G‡`i msL¨v- 40 wgwjqb|
Ab¨w`‡K wbhv©Z‡bi wkKvi n‡q hviv Ab¨ †`‡k AvkÖq cÖv_©x Zv‡`i ejv nq A¨vmvBjvg wmKvi| G‡`i msL¨v cÖvq 1.7 wgwjqb|
1951 mv‡j wiwdDwR Kb‡fbkb ¯^vÿwiZ nq| GB Kb‡fbkb ¯^vÿiKvix †`‡ki DwPZ kiYv_©x‡`i wbivcËvi welqwU wbwðZ Kiv| hy×vcivaxiv
wiwdDwR gh©v`v cv‡e bv| Kb‡fbk‡bi Av‡jv‡K 1967 mv‡j GKwU †cÖv‡UvKj ¯^vÿwiZ nq| KviY- Kb‡fbkbwU wQ‡jv †Kej BD‡ivwcqvb
kiYv_©x‡`i Rb¨|

 Avbvb Kwgkb: A¨vWfvBRvwi Kwgkb Ab AvivKvb (Avbvb Kwgkb) MVb Kiv n‡qwQ‡jv 2016 mv‡j AvM‡÷| GK eQi
ci 24 AvM÷ 2017 Zviv cÖwZ‡e`b †`q| †hLv‡b 88wU mycvwik K‡i| cÖavb mycvwikwUB wQ‡jv- †ivwn½v‡`i bvMwiK
wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ cÖ`vb| GB Kwgk‡bi m`m¨ wQ‡jv 9 Rb| 3 Rb AvšÍR©vwZK I 6 Rb wgqvbgv‡ii| cÖavb wQ‡jb Kwd
Avbvb|
 ivLvBb †÷U Z`šÍ c¨v‡bj: 2018 mv‡ji 3 RyjvB ivLvB‡bi NUbv AbymÜv‡bi Rb¨ bZzb GKwU Z`šÍ c¨v‡bj MVb K‡i‡Q
wgqvbgvi miKvi| 4 m`‡m¨i c¨‡b‡ji cÖavb wdwjcvB‡bi mv‡K Dc-ciivóªg š¿x †ivRvwiI gvbv‡jv| Av‡iKRb
AvšÍR©vwZK m`m¨ n‡jb- RvwZms‡N Rvcv‡bi cÖwZwbwa †Kb‡Rv Iwkgv| evwK `yB R‡bi GKRb wgqvbgv‡ii AvBbRxex
Ab¨Rb †`kwUi A_©bxwZwe`|
 RvwZms‡Ni f~wgKv:RvwZms‡Ni AbymÜvb wgkb 2018 mv‡ji 27 AvM÷ cÖwZ‡e`b †`q MYnZ¨v wel‡q| †mbvcÖavb QvovI
†`kwUi †mbvevwnbxi Av‡iv 5 KgvÛvi‡K MYnZ¨vi Rb¨ wePv‡ii gy‡LvgyLx Kivi mycvwik Kiv nq cÖwZ‡e`‡b| hw`I
wgqvbgv‡ii †mbvevwnbx GB cÖwZ‡e`b cÖZ¨vLvb K‡i‡Q| †ivwn½v wbcxob e‡Ü RvZms‡Ni gvbevwaKvi cwil` KwgwUI MVb
K‡i‡Q| KwgwU MV‡bi c‡ÿ 35wU †`k †fvU w`‡jI wec‡ÿ †`q wPb, wdwjcvBb I eyiæwÛ GB wZbwU †`k|
GQvovIAvBwm Ges BBD †h․_fv‡e mvaviY cwil‡`i mvgvwRK gvbweK I ms¯‥…wZ welqK KwgwU‡Z †ivwn½v welqwU
Dc¯’vcb Ki‡j GB KwgwU 2018 mv‡ji 16 b‡f¤^i †ivwn½v‡`i bvMwiKZ¡ †`qv msµvšÍ cÖ¯Íve MÖnY K‡i| cÖ¯Ív‡ei c‡ÿ
142wU †`k _vK‡jI wec‡ÿ †fvU †`q 10wU †`k|
 evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavbgš¿xi f~wgKv: 2018 mv‡ji RvwZms‡Ni mvaviY cwil‡`i Awa‡ek‡b evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv
†ivwn½v msKU mgvav‡b wZbwU mycvwik K‡ib| GQvov 2017 mv‡j wZwb 5wU mycvwik Ges IAvBwmi m‡¤§j‡b 6wU mycvwik
K‡iwQ‡jb| 2018 mv‡ji wZbwU mycvwik n‡jv-
 †ivwn½v wbh©vZ‡bi KviY AbymÜvb
 wgqvbgv‡ii †ivwn½v‡`i Rb¨ †md‡Rvb MVb Ges bvMwiKZ¡ cÖ`vb
 wbh©vZ‡bi mv‡_ RwoZ wgqvbgv‡ii kvmK I †mbvm`m¨‡`i wePvi Kiv
 †ivwn½v cÖZ¨vevmb Pzw³: 1992 mv‡j †ivwn½v cÖZ¨vevmb Pzw³i Av‡jv‡K 2017 mv‡ji 23 b‡f¤^i evsjv‡`k I wgqvbgv‡ii
g‡a¨ GKwU wØcvwÿK BÝUªy‡g›U ¯^vÿwiZ nq hvi bvg- `Arrangement on return of displaced persons from
Rakhaine State’. wgqvbgv‡ii c‡ÿ D wKqv Ges evsjv‡`‡ki c‡ÿ Aveyj nvmvb gvngy` Avjx GB Pzw³‡Z ¯^vÿi
K‡ib|
hv i‡q‡Q GB Pzw³‡Z-
 wgqvbgvi †ivwn½v‡`i wWm‡cømW wccjm wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Q
 hviv 2016 mv‡ji A‡±ve‡ii c‡i G‡m‡Q †Kej Zv‡`i †diZ †bqv n‡e
 †diZ wb‡q ivLv n‡e A¯’vqx K¨v‡¤ú
 †h †Kv‡bv †ivwn½v‡K wgqvbgvi miKvi †diZ wb‡Z A¯^xK…wZ Rvbv‡Z Ki‡Z cvi‡e
 †ivwn½viv †h wgqvbgvi †_‡K G‡m‡Q †m e¨vcv‡i KvMRcÎ †`Lv‡Z n‡e
wP‡bi Pv‡c 2018 mv‡ji 15 b‡f¤^i 2260 Rb †ivwn½v‡K wgqvbgv‡i †diZ cvVv‡bvi Rb¨ evsjv‡`k hveZxq cÖ¯‘wZ
m¤úbœ K‡i| wKš‘ †kl ch© šÍ Zv m¤¢e nq wb †ivwn½v‡`i A¯^xK…wZi Kvi‡Y| RvwZmsNI GB cwiw¯’wZ‡Z †diZ bv
cvVv‡bviB Aby‡iva Rvwb‡q‡Q|
 As mvb m~ wP: wgqvbgv‡ii cÖ_g †÷U KvDwÝji| GB c`wU cÖavbgš¿ xi mggh©v`vi| GKvav‡i wZwb- ciivóª gš¿x, R¡vjvwb
gš¿x I wkÿvgš¿x| 1991 mv‡j wZwb †bv‡ej kvwšÍ cyi¯‥vi jvf K‡i| Zvi ivR‣bwZK `‡ji bvg b¨vkbvj wjM di
†W‡gv‡µwm| wZwb w`wjø I A·‡dvW© wek¦we`¨vj‡q cov‡kvbv K‡i‡Qb| 8888 (8-8-88) n‡”Q wgqvbgv‡i MYZ‡š¿i Rb¨
GK MY Av‡›`vj‡bi bvg| GB Av‡›`vj‡b †bZ…Z¡ †`b m~ wP| 1989 mvj †_‡K 2010 mvj ch© šÍ wZwb M„ne›`x wQ‡jb|
1990 mv‡j wbe©vP‡b Zvi cvwU© GbGjwW 81 kZvsk Avmb †c‡jI mvgwiK miKv‡ii evavi Kvi‡Y ÿgZvq Avm‡Z cv‡i
wb| 2015 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b 86 kZvsk wmU cvq Zvi `j| UvBg g¨vMvwRb Zv‡K MvwÜi mšÍvb wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ K‡i| wZwb
†cÖwm‡W›U n‡Z cv‡ib wb •ØZ bvMwiK nIqvi Kvi‡Y| Zvi `yB mšÍvbI GwU cvi‡e bv|
 S M Atiq, Senior Faculty (IA), BCS Confidence [FB froup: Fact-Finding (ATIK SIR)

Av`vj‡Zi KvVMovq wgqvbgvi

AvBwm‡R Av‡R©›UvBb †dWv‡ij †KvU© AvBwmwm
gvgjv `v‡qi: 11 b‡f¤^i 2019 gvgjv `v‡qi: 13 b‡f¤^i 2019 Z`šÍ Aby‡gv`b: 14 b‡f¤^i 2019
evw`: Mvw¤^qv evw`: gvbevwaKvi MÖæc Av`vjZ ¯^cÖ‡Yvw`Z n‡q
weevw`: wgqvbgvi weevw`: As mvb m~wP I Ab¨iv weevw`: As mvb m~wP I Ab¨iv
AšÍeZ©xKvjxb ivq: 23 Rvbyqvwi 2020

†eë A¨vÛ †ivW Bwbwk‡qwUf (weAviAvB)

 AvšÍtgnv‡`wkq ch©v‡q †hvMv‡hvM cÖwZôv Ges Ges AvÂwjK mn‡hvwMZv evov‡bvi Rb¨ GKwU D”PvKv•ÿvi cÖ‡Póvi bvg †eë
A¨vÛ †ivW Bwbwk‡qwUf|
 weAviAvB Gi D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q cÖvq Gwkqv BD‡ivc Ges Avwd«Kvi cÖvq 71wUi †`‡ki g‡a¨ †hvMv‡hvM ¯’vcb K‡i AeKvVv‡gv,
evwYR¨ Ges wewb‡qvM‡K kw³kvjx Kiv|
 †hme †`k wb‡q GB †hvMv‡hvM cÖwZôvi †Póv Pvjv‡bv n‡”Q †mB †`k¸‡jv •ewk¦K wRwWwci 30 kZvsk mieivn K‡i,
RbmsL¨vi 62 kZvsk Zv‡`i Ges R¡vjvwbi 75 kZvsk gRy` Zv‡`i|
 cÖv_wgKfv‡e weAviAvB `yBwU fv‡M wef³
 wmé †ivW B‡KvbwgK †eë: †m›Uªvj Gwkqv I BD‡iv‡ci mv‡_ wPb‡K mshy³ Ki‡e
 wbD †gwiUvBg wmé †ivW- wPb‡K mshy³ Ki‡e `wÿY c~e© Gwkqv, cvim¨ †`k¸‡jv, DËi Avwd«Kv Ges BD‡ivc
 GB cÖKí ev¯Íevqb Ki‡Z cÖ‡qvRb 1 wUwjqb BDGm Wjvi| wPb wb‡R e¨q Ki‡e 210 wewjqb BDGm Wjvi|
 cÖKíwUi Ab¨ bvg- Iqvb †eë Iqvb †ivW, wmé †ivW B‡KvbwgK †eë A¨vÛ `¨ Uz‡qw›U dv÷©-‡mÂzwi †gwiUvBg wmé †ivW|
 2013 mv‡j wP‡bi †cÖwm‡›U wk wRb wcs KvRvL¯Ívb I B‡›`v‡bwkqv mdiKv‡j †eë A¨vÛ †ivW Bwbwk‡qwUf cÖK‡í K_v
Rvbvb|
 D‡jøL¨- 2000 eQi Av‡M wPb †_‡K Bivb ch© šÍ GKwU wmé iæU wQ‡jv| ZvB eZ©gvb cÖKí‡K ejv n‡”Q wbD wmé iæU|

Gwkqv Avwd«Kv †MÖv_ KwiWi (GGwRwm)

 2017 mv‡j †g gv‡m fvi‡Zi ¸Riv‡U Avwd«Kvb †W‡fjc‡g›U e¨vs‡Ki GKwU Av‡jvPbvq fviZ Gwkqv Avwd«Kv †MÖv_ KwiWi
(GGwRwm) cÖ¯Íve Dc¯’vcb K‡i|
 Gi jÿ¨ n‡”Q wWwRUvj Kv‡bKwUwfwU ¯’vc‡bi gva¨‡g Avwd«Kvi AeKvVv‡gvi Dbœqb NUv‡bv fviZ-Rvcv‡bi mn‡hvwMZvq|
g~jZ GwU wP‡bi †eë A¨vÛ †ivW Bwbwk‡qwUf cÖK‡íi cvëv Kg©m~wP|
 GGwRwm n‡”Q Rvcv‡bi m¤ú` Ges Avwd«Kvi cÖwZ fvi‡Zi `xN©w`‡bi mw`”Qvi ewncÖKvk| GGwRwm PviwU cÖavb Dcv`v‡bi
Ici cÖwZwôZ n‡e|
 Dbœqb I mn‡hvwMZv cÖKí
 AeKvVv‡gvi Dbœqb I †hvMv‡hvM ¯’vcb
 mÿgZv I `ÿZv evov‡bv
 RbM‡Yi mv‡_ RbM‡Yi Aswk`vwiZ¡ M‡o †Zvj
 wP‡bi weAviAvB cÖK‡íi wecix‡Z BwÛqv-c¨vwmwdK wd«Wg KwiW‡ii Ask wn‡m‡e GGwRwm cÖKí †bqv n‡q‡Q|

†WvKjvg we‡iva
 wP‡bi wZeŸZ, fvi‡Zi wmwKg Ges fzUvb mxgv‡šÍ Aew¯’Z GKwU f~L‡Ði bvg †WvKjvg| GwU g~jZ GKwU gvjf~wg (Plateau)
I DcZ¨vKv (Valley)| †WvKjv‡gi gvwjKvbv wb‡q fzUvb I wP‡bi g‡a¨ we‡iva n‡q‡Q| †WvKjv‡gi gvwjKvbv fviZ
KL‡bvB `vwe K‡i wb|
 1890 weªwUk BwÛqv-Pvqbv wUªwU Ab `¨ wZ‡eZ-wmwKg eW©vi Abyhvqx wPb `vwe K‡i †h †WvKjvg Zv‡`i| Avevi fzUvb 1961
mv‡j †h gvbwPÎ A¼b K‡i Zv‡Z †WvKjvg‡K Zv‡`i e‡j AšÍf©y³ K‡i‡Q|
 S M Atiq, Senior Faculty (IA), BCS Confidence [FB froup: Fact-Finding (ATIK SIR)

 fzUvb I fvi‡Zi g‡a¨ GKwU •gÎx Pzw³ ¯^vÿwiZ n‡qwQ‡jv †hwU bevqb Kiv nq 2007 mv‡j| GB Pzw³ g‡Z, fzUv‡bi
†h‡Kv‡bv cÖ‡qvR‡b fviZ Zv‡`i mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡e|
 2017 mv‡j wPb †WvKjv‡g iv¯Ív wbg©v‡Yi †Póv Pvjv‡j fv‡iZ evav †`q| 16 Ryb 2017 †_‡K 28 AvM÷ 2017 ch© šÍ `yB
civkw³i g‡a¨ wgwjUvwi ÷¨vÛ-Ad weivR K‡i †WvKjvg‡K †K›`ª K‡i| Ae‡k‡l wPb iv¯Ív wbg©vY KvR eÜ K‡i Ges Dfq
†`k mxgvšÍ †_‡K •mb¨ cÖZ¨vnvi K‡i †bq|

Kvjvcvwb-wjcy‡jL we‡iva
†bcv‡ji bZzb ivR‣bwZK gvbwP‡Îwjcy‡jL, Kvjvcvwb, wjw¤úqvavDiv‡K wb‡R‡`i f~LÐ wn‡m‡e cÖ`k©b K‡i‡Q †bcvj| ïiæ †_‡K fviZ
Gi Zxeª cÖwZev` Rvwb‡q Avm‡Q| 1816 mv‡ji myMvDwj Pzw³ Abyhvqx D³ f~Lи‡jv †bcv‡ji e‡j `vwe †`kwUi| wKš‘ fviZ
HwZnvwmKfv‡e GB AÂjwU wb‡R‡`i e‡j `vwe K‡i| wjcy‡jL, Kvjvcvwb, wjw¤úqvavDiv †bcv‡ji DËi cwðg As‡k Aew¯’Z| hvi
`wÿ‡Y Kygvqyb Ges wP‡bi wZeŸZ| GB f~LÐwU fviZ, †bcvj, wPb wZb †`‡ki GKwU ms‡hvM¯’j- hv‡K †K․kjMZfv‡e ¸iæZ¡c~Y© g‡b
Kiv nq|

`wÿY wPb mvM‡ii D‡ËRbv

 c„w_exi Ab¨Zg mvM‡ii bvg `wÿY wPb mvMi| GwU wP‡bi `wÿ‡Y, B‡›`v‡bwkqvi Dˇi Ges cwð‡g wf‡qZbvg, gv‡jwkqv,
wm½vcyi I c~‡e© wdwjcvBb I eªæ‡bB Aew¯’Z| GB mvM‡ii AvqZb cÖvq 3.5 wgwjq eM© wK‡jvwgUvi| eQ‡i †h grm¨ AvniY
Kiv nq Zvi 10 kZvsk Av‡m `wÿY wPb mvMi †_‡K|
 wPb GB mvM‡ii 80 kZvs‡ki gvwjKvbv `vwe K‡i| wPb †h ch© šÍ `Lj K‡i †i‡L‡Q Zvi mxgv‡iLvi bvg bvBb-W¨vk-jvBb|
wPb GLv‡b K…wÎg ØxcI wbg©vY K‡i‡Q| 1947 mv‡j 11wU W¨vk Uvb‡jI UswKs mvMi †_‡K `yBwU W¨vk ev` †`qv nq
cieZ©xKv‡j|
 ¯úªvUwj Øxccy‡Äi mvZwU wid A_ev kxjv wPb wb‡R‡`i `vwe K‡i| †hLv‡b wPb e›`i, jvBU nvDm, ivbI‡q, wgmvBj e¨vUvwi
wbg©vY K‡i‡Q| wP‡bi `vwe, Zviv wbivcËvi Rb¨ G KvR K‡i‡Q †Kv‡bv mvgwiK hy× evav‡bvi jÿ¨ Zv‡`i †bB|
 hy³iv‡óªi †bwf wbqwgZfv‡e wd«Wg-Ae-‡bwf‡Mkb Acv‡ikbmÕ (FONOPS) Pvjv‡”Q GB mvM‡i| hy³ivóª `wÿY wPb mvM‡i
†dv‡bvcm ïiæ K‡i 1989 mv‡j| †mbKvKz, c¨viv‡mj, ¯úªvUwj Øx‡c hv‡Z wPb myweav Ki‡Z bv cv‡i †mB j‡ÿ¨ hy³ivóª GB
Acv‡ikb Pvjvq|
 2018 mv‡j wP‡bi GKwU hy×RvnvR hy³iv‡óªi hy× Rvnv‡Ri mv‡_ cÖvq gy‡LvgyLx msl‡N© Rwo‡q c‡owQ‡jv| d‡j mvaviY gvbyl
`wÿY wPb mvMi‡K wb‡q †Ubk‡b _v‡K|
 D‡jøL¨- †mbKvKz wb‡q wP‡bi mv‡_ Rvcv‡bi, c¨viv‡mj wb‡q wP‡bi mv‡_ ZvBIqvb I wf‡qZbv‡gi Ges ¯úªvUwj wb‡q
wf‡qZbvg, ZvBIqvb, wdwjcvBb, eªæbvB, gv‡jwkqvi mv‡_ wP‡bi we‡iva i‡q‡Q|

Kvwk¥i
 fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki me‡P eo ivR¨wUi bvg Kvwk¥i| GwU c„w_exi f~¯^M© bv‡g cwiwPZ| †MÖU wngvjq Ges wci cvb& Rj
†i‡Äi g‡a¨ we¯ÍZ
… DcZ¨vKvwUi bvgB Kvwk¥i| Z‡e eZ©gv‡b Kvwk¥i fviZ, cvwK¯Ívb I wPbÑ GB wZbwU iv‡óªi g‡a¨ 8wU
A‡j we¯ÍZ
… |
 fvi‡Zi wbqš¿‡Y i‡q‡Q Kvwk¥‡ii PviwU AÂj
 R¤§y (fvi‡Zi me©-Dˇi Aew¯’Z|AwaKvsk AÂj ce©‡Z †Niv| wmwU †U¤új Aew¯’Z GLv‡b)
 Kvwk¥i f¨vwj (R¤§y Ges Kvwk¥i iv‡R¨i GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cÖkvmwbK AÂj n‡jv Kvwk¥i f¨vwj| hvi ivRavbx
kÖxbMi| GwU GKwU †Kš¿kvwmK AÂj)|
 jv`vL (ce©‡Zi Rb¨ Ges ms¯‥w… Zi Rb¨ GwU weL¨vZ| GLvbKvi cÖavb kniwUi bvg KviwMj| 1999 mv‡j GB
KviwMj wb‡q fviZ I cvwK¯Ívb hy× nq|)
 wmqv‡Pb (jvBb Ae KbUª‡j Aew¯’Z GKwU wngevn| 1984 mvj †_‡K GwU fvi‡Zi wbqš¿‡Y| 1984 mv‡j fviZ
cvwK¯Ívb hy× n‡qwQ‡jv 76 wK‡jvwgUvi •`‡N¨©i GB wngevn wb‡q| wmqv‡Pb hy‡×i mgvwß N‡U 2003 mv‡ji 25
b‡f¤^i| wmqv‡Pb c„w_exi m‡e©v”P hyׇÿÎ)
 D‡jøL¨ fviZ wbqwš¿Z Kvwk¥‡ii wewfbœ AÂj wb‡q GKwU ivR¨ wQ‡jv hvi bvg R¤§y A¨vÛ Kvwk¥i (†R A¨vÛ †K)|
fvi‡Zi msweav‡bi 370 bs Aby‡”Q` Abyhvqx GB ivR¨wUi we‡kl ¯^vqËkvmb wQ‡jv| wKš‘ eZ©gv‡b †mB
ivR¨wU‡K fvM K‡i `yBwU BDwbqb †UwiUwi Kiv n‡q‡Q| R¤§y I Kvwk¥i bv‡g GKwU I Ab¨wU jv`vL|
 S M Atiq, Senior Faculty (IA), BCS Confidence [FB froup: Fact-Finding (ATIK SIR)

 fviZ wbqwš¿Z Kvwk¥‡i ag©xq m¤úª`vq

AÂj gymwjg wn›`y †e․× Ab¨vb¨
Kvwk¥i f¨vwj 95% 4% - 1%
R¤§y 30% 66% - 4%
jv`vL 46% - 50% 4%

 cvwK¯Ív‡bi wbqš¿‡Y i‡q‡Q `yBwU AÂj-

 AvRv` R¤§y Ges Kvwk¥i ev AvRv` Kvwk¥i (cvwK¯Ív‡bi wbqš¿Yvaxb ¯^kvwmZ GKwU iv‡R¨i bvg AvRv` Kvwk¥i
(G‡R‡K)| GwU c~‡e©i wcÖbmwj †÷U R¤§y Ges Kvwk¥‡ii Ask| GwU cÖwZwôZ nq 24 A‡±vei 1947| Gi ivRavbx
gyRvddivev`| Z‡e e„nËg kni wbD wgicyi wmwU)|
 wMjwRU evjwZ¯Ívb (cvwK¯Ívb wbqwš¿Z Kvwk¥‡ii Av‡iKwU AÂj| wP‡bi wRbwRqvs cÖ‡`‡ki mv‡_ Gi mxgvšÍ
i‡q‡Q| ivRavbxi bvg wMjwRU| c~‡e© GwU b`©vb Gwiqvm bv‡gB cwiwPZ wQ‡jv|
 wP‡bi wbqš¿‡YI i‡qQ `yBwU AÂj
 AvKmB wPb (1950 Gi `kK †_‡K wPb ïiæ K‡i Kvwk¥i `Lj| 1962 mv‡ji hy‡×i ga¨ w`‡q fvi‡Zi KvQ †_‡K
AvKmB AÂjwUi cy‡ivcywi wbqš¿Y MÖnY K‡i wPb| jvBb Ae A¨vKPzq¨vj K‡›Uªvj Øviv fviZ †_‡K Avjv`v GB
AskwU| 1993 Ges 1996 mv‡j fviZ-wPb Pzw³i ga¨ w`‡q GB mxgvbv wba©vwiZ nq|
 UªvÝ K¨vwi‡Kvivg Uªv± (kvKmMvg Uªv± bv‡gI cwiwPZ| 1963 ch© šÍ GwU cvwK¯Ív‡bi Ask wQ‡jv| fviZI GB
AÂjwU `vwe K‡i| Z‡e eZ©gv‡b MYwPb GwU‡K kvmb K‡i|
 jvBb Ae K‡›Uªvj (GjIwm): fviZ wbqwš¿Z Kvwk¥i I cvwK¯Ívb wbqwš¿ Z Kvwk¥‡ii g‡a¨ †h mvgwiK mxgv‡iLv i‡q‡Q Zvi bvg
jvBb Ae K‡›Uªvj| GwU‡K wW-d¨v‡±v mxgv‡iLvI ejv nq| GB mxgv‡iLv‡K wPR dvqvi jvBb ev hy×weiwZ mxgv‡iLvI ejv
nq| 1972 mv‡ji 3 RyjvB fviZ I cvwK¯Ív‡bi g‡a¨ ¯^vÿwiZ wkgjv Pzw³ Abyhvqx GjIwm ¯’vcb Kiv nq|
 Kvwk¥‡ii mswÿß BwZnvm: Kwk¥i kvmb Ki‡Zv wkL mv¤ªvR¨| wKš‘ B÷ BwÛqv K¤úvwb 1845-56 mv‡j cÖ_g A¨v½‡jv-wkL
hy‡×i ga¨ w`‡q Kvwk¥i `Lj K‡i| 1846 mv‡j Ag„Zmvi Pzw³i ga¨ w`‡q weªwUkiv Kvwk¥i‡K 75 jvL UvKvi wewbg‡q wewµ
K‡i wn›`y ivRv ¸jve wms‡qi Kv‡Q|GB ¸jve wms‡qi eska‡iiv GwU kvmb K‡i 1947 mvj ch© šÍ| GB mgq ch© šÍ Kvwk¥‡ii
cwiPq wcÖÝwj †÷U wn‡m‡e| wcÖÝwj †÷U gv‡b n‡jv mve-AwW©‡bU †÷U| hvi Av‡iKwU bvg fvmvj †÷U| Kvwk¥i †h‡nZz
weªwUk miKv‡ii Aax‡b wcÖÝ Øviv kvwmZ ivóª wQ‡jv ZvB G‡K ejv n‡Zv wcÖÝwj †÷U| Kvwk¥‡ii me©‡kl ivRv nwi wms| whwb
ÿgZvcÖvß nb 1925 mv‡j| 1947 mvj †_‡K 1952 mvj ch© šÍ Kvwk¥‡ii cwiPq wQ‡jv GKwU ivRZš¿ wn‡m‡e| 1952 mv‡j
fvi‡Zi A½ivR¨ wn‡m‡e eo GKwU Ask Ges evwK Ask cvwK¯Ív‡bi †Wvwgwbqb wn‡m‡e hy³ nq|
 BDbvB‡UW †bkbm Kwgkb di BwÛqv A¨vÛ cvwK¯Ívb (BDGbwmc): cÖ_g cvK-fviZ hy‡×i cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z 1948 mv‡ji 1
Rvbyqvwi fviZ RvwZms‡Ni wbivcËv cwil‡`i n¯Í‡ÿc Kvgbv K‡i| wbivcËv cwil` 39 ms †iRy¨‡jkb MÖnY K‡i| cÖwZwôZ
nq BDbvB‡UW †bkbm Kwgkb di BwÛqv A¨vÛ cvwK¯Ívb| 1948 mv‡ji GwcÖ‡j 47 bs †iRy¨‡jkb MÖnY K‡i Ges kvwšÍ iÿx
wgkb MV‡bi mycvwik K‡i| hvi cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z 1949 mv‡ji 1 Rvbyqqvwi hy×weiwZ Pzw³i ga¨ w`‡q cÖ_g cvK-fviZ hy‡×i
Aemvb N‡U| RyjvB‡q KivwP Pzw³i ga¨ w`‡q BDbvB‡UW †bkbm AeRvf©vi MÖæc Bb BwÛqv A¨vÛ cvwK¯Ívb MwVZ nq| 1951
mv‡j 91 bs †iRy¨‡jkb Abyhvqx BDGbwmc wejyß K‡iBDbvB‡UW †bkbm AeRvf©vi MÖæc Bb BwÛqv A¨vÛ cvwK¯Ívb hy×weiwZ
†`Lfv‡ji `vwqZ¡ †`q|
 Kvwk¥‡i mwnsmZv: R¤§y A¨vÛ Kvwk¥i wjev‡ikb d«›U (†R‡KGjGd) 1987 mv‡j mwnsmZv ïiæ K‡i| 1990 mv‡j fvi‡Zi
†mbviv MvIqvKv`vj weª‡R 100 ¯^vaxbZvKvgx‡K nZ¨v Ki‡j e¨vcK mwnsmZv Qwo‡q c‡o| Gi cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z Avg©W †dv‡m©m
†¯úkvj cvIqvim A¨v± (Avdmcv) cÖYqb K‡i fviZ| 2011 mv‡j fvi‡Zi ivóªxq gvbevwaKvi Kwgkb Rvbvq †h, 2000
¯^vaxbZvKvgx‡`i jvk cvIqv †M‡Q GjIwm‡Z| 2016 mv‡ji †m‡Þ¤^‡i fvi‡Zi Dwii †mbvQvDwb‡Z 18 †mbv m`m¨ nZ¨vi
cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z fviZ mvwR©K¨vj ÷ªvBK Pvjvq cvwK¯Ívb wbqwš¿Z Kvwk¥‡i| (m~Î: Kwk¥i †cÖvdvBj, wewewm, 21 RyjvB 2017)
 cyjIqvgv AvµgY: 2019 mv‡ji 14 †deªæqvwi R¤§y I Kvwk¥‡ii cyjIqvgv †Rjvi †jVv‡cvivq AvZ¥NvwZ Mvwo-†evgv nvgjvq
wbnZ nq fvi‡Zi †m›Uªvj wiRvf© †dv‡m©i 40 m`m¨| GQvov nvgjvKvix Avw`j Avngv` ai-I wbnZ nq| G NUbvi `vq
¯^xKvi K‡i cvwK¯ÍvbwfwËZ Rw½ msMVb Rqk-B-gyn¤§`|
 Rqk-B-gyn¤§`: cvwK¯Ívb wfwËK †`Iew›` wRnvw`÷ Rqk-B-gyn¤§` Kvwk¥‡i mwµq ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨| Rqk-B-gyn¤§` gv‡b
n‡jv gynv¤§‡`i ‣mwbK| 2000 mvj †_‡K Zviv mk¯¿ Av‡›`vjb Ki‡Q| G‡`i m`i`ßi cvwK¯Ív‡bi cvÄv‡e| Zvwjevb I
Avj Kv‡q`vi mv‡_ m¤úK i‡q‡Q Rqk-B-gyn¤§‡`i| 2000 mv‡ji 20 GwcÖj Zv‡`i cÖ_g AvZ¥NvwZ †evgv nvgjvq 5
fviZxq •mb¨ gviv hvq|
 Kvwk¥‡i nZvn‡Zi mswÿß cwimsL¨vb: fvi‡Zi ¯^ivóª gš¿Yvj‡qi 2017-18 cwimsL¨v‡b ejv n‡q‡Q- 1990 mvj †_‡K 31
wW‡m¤^i 2017 ch© šÍ fvi‡Zi 13 nvRvi 976 Rb¨ †emvgwiK Ges 5 nvRvi 123 wbivcËv evwnbxi m`m¨ wbnZ n‡q‡Q|
 S M Atiq, Senior Faculty (IA), BCS Confidence [FB froup: Fact-Finding (ATIK SIR)

cÿvšÍ‡i 21 nvRvi 965 Rw½ wbnZ n‡q‡Q fvi‡Zi Awfhv‡b| (m~Î: †dqvi AeRvifvi, `¨ mjykb Uz `¨ Kvwk¥i Kbwd¬±, 5
AvM÷ 2018)
Bivb
 cwðg Gwkqvi cim¨ DcmvM‡ii †Kvj †Nlv †Zj mg„× †`k Bivb| †`kwU wkqv Abymvix‡`i †gvoj ivóª|
 Biv‡bi c~e©bvg wQ‡jv cvim¨| weª‡U‡bi KvQ †_‡K cvim¨ ¯^vaxbZv jvf K‡i 1925 mv‡j| 1935 mvj †_‡K Bivb bvgwU
e¨eüZ n‡”Q|
 Biv‡bi me©‡kl ivRv †iRv †gvnv¤§` kvn cvnjwe| Bmjvwg wecø‡ei ga¨ w`‡q wZwb DrLvZ nb|
 Biv‡bi Bmjvwg wecøe ïiæ nq 1978 mv‡ji 7 Rvbyqvwi| wecøe †kl nq 1979 mv‡ji 11 †deªæqvwi| GB wecø‡ei †bZv ejv
nq Avqv‡Zvjøvn iæûjøvn †Lv‡gwb‡K|
 wecø‡ei ga¨ w`‡q Bivb Bmjvwg cÖRvZ‡š¿ cwiYZ nq| †`kwUi ivRavbx †Znivb|
 Biv‡bi GKwU †Mvcb cywjk I †Mv‡q›`v evwnbx wQ‡jv hvi bvg mvfvK| mvfvK wejyß Kiv nq 1979 mv‡j|
 Biv‡bi eZ©gvb ag©xq †bZv Avwj Lv‡gwb| eZ©gvb †cÖwm‡W›U nvmvb iænvwb|

†mv‡jBgvwb nZ¨vKvÐ
 Kv‡km †mv‡jBgvwb wQ‡jb Kz`m KgvÛvi| wZwb nZ¨vKv‡Ði wkKvi nb 2020 mv‡ji 3 Rvbyqvwi|
 nZ¨v K‡i: Av‡gwiKv
 nZ¨vi ¯’vb: evM`v`, Gqvi‡cvU© †ivW, BivK
 †h †Wªvb Øviv nZ¨v Kiv nq: GgwKD wicvi 9
 mgvwa: †MvjRvi †mv‡n`v, †Kigvb, Bivb
 8 Rvbyqvwi cÖwZDˇi Biv‡bi nvgjv: Av‡gwiKvi Biwej I Avj Avmv` NvuwU, BivK|
 Kz`m †dv‡m©i eZ©gvb KgvÛvi: BmgvBj Nvwb|

Bivb wWj
 Bivb‡K cigvYy A¯¿ Kg©m~wP †_‡K weiZ ivLvi Rb¨ 2015 mv‡j ¯^vÿwiZ GKwU Pzw³i bvg- R‡q›U Kg‡cÖ‡nbwmf cø¨vb Ae
A¨vKkb| GwU Bivb wbDwK¬qvi wWj ev Bivb wWj bv‡gI cwiwPZ| Biv‡bi mv‡_ GB Pzw³ ¯^vÿi K‡i wc5+1 (Rvg©vwb) Ges
BD‡ivwcqvb BDwbqb| Aw÷ªqvi ivRavbx wf‡qbv‡Z ¯^vÿwiZ GB Pzw³ M„nxZ nq 2015 mv‡j 18 A‡±vei Ges Kvh©Ki nq
2016 mv‡ji 16 Rvbyqvwi|
 8 †g 2018 hy³iv‡óªi †cÖwm‡W›U †Wvbvì Uªv¤ú Pzw³ cÖZ¨vnv‡ii †NvlYv †`b| 12 †g †_‡K Bivb BD‡ivwbqvg mg„×KiY ïiæ
K‡i| 2018 mv‡ji 7 AvM÷ Bivb eøwKs ¯§viK ms‡kvab K‡i BD‡ivwcqvb BDwbqb| Zviv hy³iv‡óªi Bivb Ae‡iva‡K bm¨vr
Ki‡Z GB wm×všÍ MÖnY K‡i| Biv‡bi †Zj ißvwb I AvšÍR©vwZK Avw_©K †jb‡`‡bi Ici hy³iv‡óªi wb‡lavÁv Kvh©Ki nq
2018 mv‡ji 5 b‡f¤^i|

Bmiv‡qj
 Bmiv‡qj ivóª cÖwZôvi Av‡›`vjb ïiæ nq 1896 mv‡j| Aw÷ªqv-nv‡½wii mvsevw`K w_IWi nv‡R©j cÖwZôvb K‡ib wek¦
Rvqvbev` msMVb|
 1917 mv‡ji 2 b‡f¤^i †ej‡dvi †NvlYv Bmiv‡qj ivóª cÖwZôvi gvBjdjK|
 Bmiv‡qwj‡`i Rxe‡b ¯§iYxq w`b 1947 mv‡ji 29 b‡f¤^i| Gw`b RvwZms‡N GKwU †iRy¨‡jkb cvk nq Ges wØ-ivóª
mgvav‡bi K_v ejv nq|
 1948 mv‡ji 14 †g Bmiv‡qj ivóª cÖwZôv nq|
 S M Atiq, Senior Faculty (IA), BCS Confidence [FB froup: Fact-Finding (ATIK SIR)

 Zv‡`i ivRavbx †Riæmv‡jg| hw`I gvÎ `yBwU †`k Av‡gwiKv I Myqv‡Zgvjv †mLv‡b `~Zvevm ¯’vcb K‡i‡Q| AwaKvsk †`k
†Zj Avwee‡K ivRavbx wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ w`‡q‡Q|
 1947 mv‡ji RvwZms‡Ni †iRy¨‡jkb Abyhvqx †Riæmv‡jg Kicvm †mcv‡iUvg (†mcv‡i‡UW ewW)| wKš‘ Gme †Zvqv°v bv
K‡i Bmiv‡qj ivRavbx ¯’vcb K‡i‡Q|
 †Riæmv‡jg whïiI Rb¥¯’vb| d‡j wLª÷vb‡`i Kv‡QI cweÎ| wec`vcbœ wek¦ HwZ‡n¨i ZvwjKvq i‡q‡Q †Riæmv‡jg|
 Bmiv‡qj wdwjw¯Íb mxgv‡šÍi bvg wMÖbjvBb|
 †bkb †÷U wej- 2018
 Bmiv‡qj RvwZivóª wej cvm K‡i 2018 mv‡ji 19 RyjvB
 Zv‡`i iv‡óªi eZ©gvb †÷Uvm- BDwbK Uz `¨ wRDm wccj (Bûw` RbM‡Yi ivóª)
 ivóªfvlv: wneªæ
 cvj©v‡g›U bvg: †b‡mU
 we‡ivax `j¸‡jv GB wej‡K eY©ev`x e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Q|
†Riæmv‡jg msKU
 1947 mv‡ji 29 b‡f¤^i RvwZmsN †h BDbvB‡UW †bkbm cvwU©kvb cø¨vb (BDGbwcwcwc) bv‡g 181 bs cÖ¯Íve MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jv
Zv‡Z †Riæmv‡jg‡K Corpus Separatum (Separated Body) wn‡m‡e ivLvi wm×všÍ nq|
 1980 mv‡j RvwZms‡Ni mvaviY cwil‡`i 478 bs cÖ¯Ív‡e ejv nq- †Kv‡bv †`k †Riæmv‡j‡g `~Zvevm ¯’vcb Ki‡Z cvi‡e
bv| wKš‘ 2018 mv‡ji 14 †g Av‡gwiKv Zv‡`i Bmiv‡q‡j Aew¯’Z `~Zvevm †Zj Avwee †_‡K mwi‡q †Riæmv‡j‡g †bq|
wØZxq †`k wn‡m‡e ¸qv‡Zgvjv †Riæmv‡j‡g Zv‡`i `~Zvevm ¯’vbvšÍi K‡i| hy³iv‡óªi G wm×všÍ †Kej 1980 mv‡ji mvaviY
cwil‡`i cÖ¯Ív‡ei ei‡Ljvc bq ei 1967 mv‡ji wbivcËv cwil‡`i 242 bs †iRjy¨k‡biI j•Nb|
 2018 mv‡ji †g gv‡m c¨viv¸‡qi ZrKvjxb †cÖwm‡W›U †nviwmI Kv‡U©R †Zj Avwee †_‡K `~Zvevm †Riæmv‡j‡g †bqv wm×všÍ
wb‡qwQ‡jb| wKš‘ bZzb †cÖwm‡W›U gvwiI Ave‡`v †gwe‡ZR c~‡e©i wm×všÍ evwZj K‡i| Gi cÖwZwµqvq Bmiv‡qj c¨viv¸‡q
†_‡K Zv‡`i `~Zvevm cÖZ¨vnvi K‡i †bq| Aciw`‡K wdwjw¯Íb c¨viv¸‡q‡Z `~Zvevm ¯’vcb K‡i|
 2017 mv‡ji 21 b‡f¤^i †Riæmv‡jg‡K Bmiv‡q‡ji ivRavbx wn‡m‡e hy³iv‡óªi ¯^xK…wZ `vb wel‡q mvaviY cwil‡`i †fvU
nq| 128wU †`k hy³iv‡óªi wm×v‡šÍi wec‡ÿ †fvU †`q| gvÎ 9wU †`k c‡ÿ †fvU †`q| GQvov GB cÖ¯ÍvewU wbivcËv
cwil‡`I Dc¯’vcb K‡iwQ‡jv wgki Z‡e hy³iv‡óªi †f‡Uvi Kvi‡Y wm×všÍ nq wb|
Bmiv‡qj‡K Avie †`k¸‡jvi ¯^xK…wZ
 Bmiv‡qj ivóª‡K Avie †`k¸‡jv ¯^xKvi K‡i bv| GB iv‡óªi weiæ‡× Avie †`k¸‡jv Pvi Pvi evi hy× K‡i‡Q| wKš‘
Bmiv‡qj-Av‡gwiKvi †h․_ K~UbxwZi Kv‡Q civ¯’ Avie †`k¸‡jv|
 1978 mv‡j K¨v¤ú †WwfU I c‡ii eQi Bmiv‡q‡ji mv‡_ kvwšÍ Pzw³ K‡i Ab¨Zg Avie †`k wgki|
 1994 mv‡j Bmiv‡q‡ji mv‡_ kvwšÍ Pzw³ K‡i RW©vb|
 2020 mv‡ji †m‡Þ¤^‡i Avie AvwgivZ I evnivB‡bi mv‡_ Bmiv‡q‡ji HwZnvwmK Pzw³ ¯^vÿwiZ nq| d‡j PviwU Avie
†`k KZ©„K ¯^xK…wZ †c‡jv Bmiv‡qj| ga¨¯’ZvKvix Uªv¤ú GB Pzw³‡K ÔbZzb ga¨cÖv‡P¨i †fviÕ e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb|
 †g․wiZvwbqv1999 mv‡j Bmiv‡q‡ji mv‡_ K~U‣bwZK m¤úK© ¯’vcb Ki‡jI 2010 mv‡j m¤úK© wQbœ K‡i|

Uªv¤ú kvwšÍ cwiKíbv

Bmiv‡qj-wdwjw¯Íb mgm¨v mgvav‡b Av‡gwiKvi †cÖwm‡W›U Uªv¤ú G eQ‡ii †Mvovi w`‡K GKwU kvwšÍ cwiKíbv Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb| Zvi
GB cwiKíbvq wZwb Bmiv‡q‡ji ¯^v_© i¶v K‡i‡Qb e‡j wdwjw¯Íb Zv cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i‡Q| hw`I Uªv¤ú Zvi cwiKíbv‡K HwZnvwmK D‡jøL
K‡i e‡j‡Qb- wZwb wdwjw¯Í‡bi Rb¨ A‡bK wKQyB K‡i‡Qb|
 †hw`b †hfv‡e G‡jv GB cÖ¯Íve: 2020 mv‡ji 28 Rvbyqvwi †nvqvBU nvD‡m msev` m¤§‡jb K‡i Av‡gwiKvi 45Zg †cÖwm‡W›U
abKy‡ei †Wvbvì Uªv¤ú GB kvwšÍ cwiKíbv Dc¯’vcb K‡ib| †mw`b wZwb Zvi cv‡k †i‡LwQ‡jb Bmiv‡q‡ji cÖavbgš¿x
†ebRvwgb †bZvwbqvû‡K| hw`I wdwjw¯Íb KZ©…c‡¶i KvD‡KB †mB Abyôv‡b Avgš¿Y Rvbv‡bv nqwb|
 cwiKíbvi Awdwmqvj bvg:Peace to Prosperity: A Vision to Improve the Lives of the Palestinian and
Israeli People (kvwšÍ †_‡K mg„w×: Bmiv‡qwj I wdwjw¯Íwb RbM‡Yi Rxebgvb DbœqbKiY welqK GKwU iƒcKí)
 S M Atiq, Senior Faculty (IA), BCS Confidence [FB froup: Fact-Finding (ATIK SIR)

 hviv GB cwiKíbv cÖYq‡bi mv‡_ RwoZ: GKwU wUg Uªv‡¤úi c‡¶ GB cwiKíbv cÖ¯‘Z K‡i‡Q| †h wU‡gi †bZ…Z¡ w`‡q‡Qb
Uªv‡¤úi RvgvZv Ges Zvi †R¨ô Dc‡`óv Kykivb (Jared Kushner)| fyj‡j Pj‡e bv- KykbviI GKRb Bûw`|
 kvwšÍ cwiKíbvi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq¸‡jv:Uªv¤ú GB kvwšÍ cwiKíbv‡K HwZnvwmK `vwe K‡i‡Qb| GB cwiKíbv †g․wjKfv‡e GKwU
c…_K kvwšÍ cwiKíbv (A fundamentally different peace plan)| hw`I c~‡e©Kvi cwiKíbv¸‡jv †_‡K A‡bKB wKQyB
avi Kiv n‡q‡Q| Am‡jv kvwšÍ Pyw³iI wKQy welq AšÍf©y³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| G cwiKíbvq Bmiv‡qj ¯^v_© ‡ek k³fv‡eB i¶v Kiv
n‡q‡Q| cwiKíbvi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq¸‡jv n‡jv-
1. wØivóª mgvav‡bi (two-state solution) K_vq ejv n‡q‡Q GB cwiKíbvq|
2. †Riæmv‡jg n‡e †Kej Bmiv‡q‡ji ivRavbx (undivided capital)|
3. wdwjw¯Íb‡K Uªv‡¤úi c¶ †_‡K 50 wewjqb Wjvi mnvqZvi cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e|
4. MvRvi ivóªxq mgy`ª A‡j (territorial waters) Bmiv‡q‡ji mve©‡f․gZ¡ cÖwZwôZ n‡e|
5. RW©vb f¨vwj hv Bmiv‡qj 1967 mv‡j `Lj K‡iwQ‡jv Zv Bmiv‡q‡jiB _vK‡e| GwU‡K Bmiv‡q‡ji wbivcËvi Rb¨ AZxe ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
(critical for Israel’s national security) wn‡m‡e ‡`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q cwiKíbvq|
Avie emšÍ
 Avie †`k¸‡jv‡Z RbM‡Yi Afy¨Ìvb Avie emšÍ bv‡g cwiwPZ| Avie emšÍ ïiæ nq 2010 mv‡ji 18 wW‡m¤^i DËi
Avwd«Kvi †`k wZDwbwkqv‡Z| Av‡gwiKvi ivR‣bwZK weÁvbx gvK© wjbP (Marc Lynch) 2011 mv‡ji 6 Rvbyqvwi
Av‡gwiKvi ivR‣bwZK cwÎKv d‡jb cwjwmw‡Z GKwU wbe‡Ü me©cÖ_g A¨vive w¯úªs (Avie emšÍ) kãwU e¨envi K‡ib|
 AvjRvwii g‡Z, Avie emšÍ kãwU e¨envi Kiv n‡qwQ‡jv ga¨cÖv‡P¨i †`k¸‡jv‡Z cwðgv avu‡Pi MYZš¿ cÖwZôvi Rb¨
Av‡gwiKvi †K․kjMZ cwiKíbvi Ask wn‡m‡e| Avie emšÍ ïiæ nq DËi Avwd«Kvi †`k¸‡jv‡Z Ges c‡i Qwo‡q c‡o
cvim¨ DcmvMixq AÂj I Ab¨vb¨ Avie †`‡k|
 KviYmg~n
 GK bvqKZš¿
 gvbevwaKvi j•Nb
 ivR‣bwZK `yb©xwZ
 A_©‣bwZK g›`v
 †eKviZ¡
 Pig `vwi`ª¨
 †hme A‡j g~jZ Avie emšÍ N‡U‡Q-
DËi AvwdªKv cvim¨ Mvî AÂj
 gi‡°v  †m․w` Avie
 Avj‡Rwiqv  Ky‡qZ
 wZDwbwkqv  KvZvi
 wjweqv  evnivBb
 wgki  mshy³ Avie AvwgivZ
GB AÂjwU gvM‡ie  Igvb
AÂj bv‡g cwiwPZ  B‡q‡gb
 Avie em‡šÍi m~ÎcvZ/‡Rmwgb wecøe: †c․bmfvi AvBb-k„•Ljv evwnbxi Kg©KZ©v Øviv jvwÃZ n‡q wZDwbwkqvi 26 eQi eqmx
D”PwkwÿZ nKvi (dj we‡µZv) Zv‡iK Avj Zv‡qe †gvnv¤§` †e․DqvwRwR (Bouazizi) 2010 mv‡ji 17 wW‡m¤^i wb‡Ri
kix‡i Av¸b awi‡q w`‡q miKv‡ii weiæ‡× cÖwZev` Rvbvb|
 GB NUbvi ga¨ w`‡q †`kwU‡Z †emvgwiK wecøe ïiæ nq 2010 mv‡ji 18 wW‡m¤^i| GB w`bwU‡KB Avie em‡šÍi m~ÎcvZ aiv
nq| 2011 mv‡ji 4 Rvbyqvwi †e․DqvwRwR gviv †M‡j we‡ÿvf Pig AvKvi aviY K‡i| GiB avivevwnKZvq 2011 mv‡ji 14
Rvbyqvwi c`Z¨vM Ki‡Z eva¨ nb 23 eQi a‡i wZDwbwkqvi ÿgZvq _vKv †cÖwm‡W›U Avwew`b †eb Avwj| wZDwbkqvi GB
wecøe‡K †Rmwgb wecøe e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb Av‡gwiKvi mvsevw`K A¨vwÛ Kviwfb (Andy Carvin)|
 Avie em‡šÍi d‡j Pvi Rb kvm‡Ki cZb N‡U-
†`k †cÖwm‡W›U ÿgZvq wQ‡jb cZb msµvšÍ Z_¨
wZDwbwkqv Avwew`b †eb Avwj 23 2011 mv‡ji 14 Rvbyqvwi c`Z¨vM| wZDwbwkqvi MYRvMiYwU
†Rmwgb (RyuB) wecøe bv‡g cwiwPZ| wecøe ïiæ nq wZDwbm kn‡i|
wgki †nvmwb gyeviK 30 2011 mv‡ji 11 †deªæqvwi c`Z¨vM| wgk‡ii RvMiYwU bxj wecøe
 S M Atiq, Senior Faculty (IA), BCS Confidence [FB froup: Fact-Finding (ATIK SIR)

bv‡g cwiwPZ| wecøe ïiæ nq Kvq‡ivi Zvnwii ¯‥qv‡i|

wjweqv †gvnv‡¤§` MvÏvwd 42 2011 mv‡ji 20 A‡±vei b¨vkbvj UªvbwRkb KvDwÝj (GbwUwm)
evwnbx KZ©„K wbg©gfv‡e wbnZ| †gvnv‡¤§` Avey wgbvi MvÏvwd wQ‡jb
ivRbxwZwe` I ZvwË¡K wecøex| 1969 mv‡j Avie mgvRZ‡š¿i
wfwˇZ c‡i wb‡Ri ZË¡ _vW© B›Uvib¨vkbvj w_Dwi Abyvhvqx †`k
cwiPvjbv K‡ib| D‡jøL¨- wjweqvi MYRvMiYwU wMÖb wecøe bv‡g
cwiwPZ| wecøKvixiv msMwVZ n‡qwQ‡jv wÎcwji wMÖb ¯‥qv‡i|
B‡q‡gb Avwj Avãyjøvn mv‡jn 33 2012 mv‡ji 25 †deªæqvwi c`Z¨vM Ges
2017 mv‡ji 4 wW‡m¤^i ûw_ we‡`ªvnx‡`i nv‡Z wbnZ
 Avie em‡šÍi djvdj-
†`k msK‡Ui aiY
wmwiqv †cÖwm‡W›U evkvi Avj Avmv‡`i weiæ‡× †emvgwiK M„nhy× Pj‡Q
†jevbb miKvi cwiewZ©Z
RW©vb msweav‡b ms¯‥vi
gi‡°v msweav‡b ms¯‥vi
my`vb Av‡›`vjb Pj‡Q
†g․wiZvwbqv Av‡›`vjb Pj‡Q
†m․w` Avie Av‡›`vjb Pj‡Q
Igvb miKvi cwiewZ©Z
Kz‡qZ miKvi cwiewZ©Z
evnivBb ivRv nvwg` web Bmv Avj Lvjvwdi weiæ‡× Pj‡Q MYRvMiY|
Av‡›`vjb _vgv‡Z 2011 mv‡ji 17 †deªæqvwi †m․w` Avie I
cvwK¯Ív‡bi mn‡hvwMZvq Pvjv‡bv nq Acv‡ikb eøvW _vm©‡W|
 Avie kxZ (A¨vive DB›Uvi): †cvjv‡Ûi me©e„nr wek¦we`¨vjq BDwbfvwm©wU Ae Iqvi‡kvi eyw×Rxexiv gZ †`b, Pvi eQ‡ii
gv_vq Avie emšÍ Avie kx‡Z cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| Avi‡ei eZ©gvb Ae¯’v AZx‡Zi me‡P Lvivc () e‡j Zviv AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb|
Avie em‡šÍi Kvi‡Y GLb †mB †`k¸‡jv‡Z gvbweK msKU Pj‡Q| `¨ B‡Kv‡bvwg÷ cwÎKvi GK cÖwZ‡e`‡b ejv n‡q‡Q-
Avie em‡šÍi Kvi‡Y jvfevb n‡q‡Q BD‡iv‡ci Øxcivóª gvëv| wgki, wZDwbwkqvi cwie‡Z© ch©UKiv GLb gvëv‡Z hv‡”Q|
 Avie em‡šÍ mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨‡gi f~wgKv: Avie emšÍ NUv‡Z ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cÖfveK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i‡Q mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM
gva¨g| †mB mgq B›Uvi‡bU e¨enviKvixi msL¨vI evo‡Z _v‡K `ªæZ MwZ‡Z| DËi Avwd«Kv‡Z wWwRUvj MYZ‡š¿i aviYv
cÖwZwôZ nq| Ab¨w`‡K †dBmeyK, UzBUvi I Ab¨vb¨ mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨‡g cÖPvi-cÖPviYv wZDwbkqv I wgk‡i MYRvMiY
Zivš^xZ K‡i| wgk‡ii cÖwZ 10 Rb Av‡›`vjbKvixi 9 RbB Rvbvq- Zviv Av‡›`vjb‡K mymsMwVZ Ki‡Z †dBmeyK e¨envi
K‡i|

B‡q‡gb msKU
 cvim¨ DcmvMixq AÂj Z_v A¨vivweqvb †cwbbmyjvi `wÿ‡Yi GKwU †`k B‡q‡gb| hvi ivRavbxi bvg mvbv (wW-Ry‡i)|
2015 mv‡j †cÖwm‡W›U nvw` G‡Wb‡K ivRavbx wn‡m‡e (wW-d¨v‡±v) †NvlYv K‡ib| D‡jøL¨- B‡q‡g‡bi c~e©bvgI G‡Wb| G
bv‡g GKwU kni I DcmvMi i‡q‡Q|
 B‡q‡gb Aek¨ `yBwU †`‡k wef³ nq 1967 mv‡j| GKwU wccjm †W‡gv‡µwUK wicvewjK Ae B‡q‡gb Z_v `wÿY B‡q‡gb
hvi ivRavbx G‡Wb Ges B‡q‡gb Avie wicvewjK K_v DËi B‡q‡gb hvi ivRavbx mvbv| 1990 mv‡ji 22 †g `yB B‡q‡gb
hy³ n‡q MwVZ nq wicvewjK Ae B‡q‡gb| D‡jøL¨- `wÿY B‡q‡gb 1970 mvj †_‡K 1990 mvj ch©šÍ mgvRZvwš¿K †`k
wQ‡jv †hwU g~jZ m¨v‡UjvBU †÷U Ae †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb bv‡g cwiwPZ wQ‡jv|
 B‡q‡gb wecøe: 2010 mv‡ji Avie gvM‡ie A‡j ïiæ nIqv em‡šÍi †XD jv‡M B‡q‡g‡b| GKbvqKZš¿ , •¯^iZš¿, `wi`ªZv,
†eKviZ¡, ivR‣bwZK `yb©xwZ, gvbevwaKvi j•Nb cÖf„wZ Awf‡hvM G‡b B‡q‡gbi miKv‡ii weiæ‡× MYRvMiY ïiæ nq 2011
mv‡ji 27 Rvbyqvwi| Av‡›`vjbKvix‡`i c‡ÿ Ae¯’vb †bq Bivb Ab¨w`‡K miKv‡ii c‡ÿ wQ‡jv †m․w` Avie| d‡j B‡q‡gb
msKU‡K †m․w` Avie-Bivb cÖw· Kbwd¬±I ejv nq| 2012 mv‡ji 25 †deªæqvwi B‡q‡g‡bi †cÖwm‡W›U Avwj Avãyjøvn mv‡jn
c`Z¨vM Ki‡j 27 †deªæqvwi 2012 G wecøe †kl nq|
 S M Atiq, Senior Faculty (IA), BCS Confidence [FB froup: Fact-Finding (ATIK SIR)

 ûw_ we‡`ªvn I B‡q‡gb M„nhy× : 1994 mv‡j B‡q‡g‡bi Dˇi ïiæ nq wkqv ag©vej¤^x B‡q‡gwb‡`i Av‡›`vjb ûw_ gyf‡g›U|
Biv‡bi mn‡hvwMZvq ûw_ we‡`ªvnx 2011 mv‡j ZrKvjxb miKvi cÖavb †cÖwm‡W›U Avwj Avãyjøvn mv‡jnÕi weiæ‡× Av‡›`vjb ïiæ
K‡i| 30 eQi a‡i ÿgZvq _vKv mv‡jn 2012 mv‡j Zvi mnKvix gvbmyi nvw`i Kv‡Q ÿgZv n¯Ív šÍi Ki‡j Zvi weiæ‡×I
†Rvi`vi Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zv‡j ûw_ we‡`ªvnxiv|
 2014 mv‡j ûw_ we‡`ªvnxiv mv`v Ges 2015 mv‡j ivRavbx mvbv kni `Lj K‡i †bq| Gi wecix‡Z hy³ivóª, hy³ivR¨ I
d«v‡Ýi mn‡hvwMZv wb‡q †m․w` Avi‡ei †bZ…‡Z¡ 9wU †`k RvwZmsN mb‡`i 2(4) bs Aby‡”Q` Abyhvqx 2015 mv‡ji 26 gvP©
we‡`ªvnx‡`i weiæ‡× Pvjvq Acv‡ikb wWwmwmf †÷vg©| 21 GwcÖj ch© šÍ P‡j GB Acv‡ikb| Gici 22 GwcÖj 2015 ïiæ Kiv
nq Acv‡ikb †i‡÷vwis †nvc hv GL‡bv Pjgvb|
 Acv‡ik‡b †m․w` †RvU‡K mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡Q hy³iv‡óªi †emiKvwi wgwjUvwi K¤úvwb GKv‡Wwg| 1997 mv‡j †bwf Kg©KZ©v eø¨vK
IqvUvi bv‡g †emiKvwi wgwjUvwi K¤úvwb cÖwZôv K‡ib| 2009 mv‡j Zvi bvgKiY Kiv nq Xe Service. 2011 mv‡j
eZ©gvb GKv‡Wwg bvgKiY Kiv nq|
 D‡jøL¨ 2017 mv‡ji 4 wW‡m¤^i mv‡eK †cÖwm‡W›U mv‡jn wbnZ nb ûw_ we‡`ªvnx‡`i nv‡Z| eZ©gvb †cÖwm‡W›U gvbmyi nvw`
wbe©vwmZ †m․w` Avi‡e| eZ©gv‡b `wÿ‡YI ¯^vaxbZvi Av‡›`vjb Zivš^xZ n‡q‡Q|
 2018 mv‡ji Ryb gv‡m †m․w`i mn‡hvwMZvq miKvi û`vB`v e›`‡i Awfhvb Pvjvq| GB e›`i w`‡q B‡q‡g‡bi bvMwiK‡`i
Rb¨ mvnvh¨ Av‡m| d‡j G nvgjvi Kvi‡Y gvbweK msKU Av‡iv Nbxf~Z n‡q‡Q|
 RvwZms‡Ni g‡Z-
 Lv`¨ SzuwK‡Z i‡q‡Q- 8.4 wgwjqb (84 jvL) gvbyl
 gvbweK mvnvh¨ cÖ‡qvRb- 22.2 wgwjqb gvby‡li (RbmsL¨vi 75 kZvsk)
 Acywó‡Z g„Zz¨i cÖni ¸Y‡Q- 4 jvL wkï
 G ch© šÍ gviv †M‡Q cÖvq 10 nvRvi gvbyl

KvZvi msKU
 cvim¨ DcmvMixq A‡ji †Zj I M¨vm mg„× GKwU †Q‡Uv DcØxc KvZvi| hvi ivRavbxi bvg †`vnv| 2017 mv‡ji 5 Ryb
†_‡K KvZv‡i msKU Pj‡Q|
 Biv‡bi mv‡_ m¤úK© †Rvi`vi, Bmjvwg÷ msMVb¸‡jv‡K A_©vq‡bi Awf‡hvM G‡b KvZv‡ii weiæ‡× †m․w` Avie, mshy³
Avie AvwgivZ Ges gy³vi †`k evnivBb 2017 mv‡ji 5 Ryb Ae‡iva Av‡ivc K‡i Ges m¤úK© wQbœ K‡i| c‡i wgki,
gvjØxc I B‡q‡gb KvZv‡ii mv‡_ m¤úK© wQbœ K‡i|
 cvim¨ DcmvM‡ii Aci `yB †`k Kz‡qZ I Igvb KvZv‡ii cv‡k Av‡Q| Kz‡qZ ga¨¯’Zv Kivi cÖ¯ÍveI w`‡q‡Q|
 KvZvi Zv‡`i †`‡ki †gvU Avg`vwb Kiv Lvev‡ii 40 kZvsk Av‡b †m․w` Avi‡ei mv‡_ †h ¯’jmxgvšÍ i‡q‡Q †mB w`K w`‡q|
†mB mxgvšÍ GLb eÜ i‡q‡Q| Z‡e Bivb I Zzi¯‥ AvKvk I Rjc‡_ Lvevi cvVv‡”Q|
 2017 mv‡ji 22 Ryb †m․w` Avie KvZv‡ii Kv‡Q 23 `dv `vwe Dc¯’vcb K‡i| hv‡Z i‡q‡Q-
 Biv‡bi mv‡_ m¤úK© wQbœ
 mš¿vmx msMV‡bi mv‡_ m¤úK© wQbœ
 Av‡jvwPZ MYgva¨g AvjRvwii eÜKiY
 Gi cÖwZwµqvq 5 RyjvB KvZvi Rvbvq, cÖwZ‡ewk‡`i `vwe Zv‡`i mve©‡f․g‡Z¡i AvZ¥mgc©Y| ZvB GB `vwe¸‡jv Zviv gvb‡e
bv|
 2018 mv‡ji 31 AvM÷ †m․w` Avie †NvlYv †`q †h, Zviv KvZvi DcØxc‡K Øxc evbv‡Z mgv‡šÍ Lvj KvU‡e| hvi bvg-
mvjIqv AvBj¨vÛ cÖ‡R±|

†mŠw` ivRbxwZi mv¤úªwZK MwZ-cÖK…wZ

 wKsWg Ae †m․w` A¨vivweqv A¨vivweqvb †cwbbmyjvi e„nËg †`k| cvim¨ DcmvMixq A‡ji ivRbxwZ wbqš¿Y K‡i †`kwU|
Av‡gwiKvi mv‡_ mym¤úK© †i‡L Avie emšÍ †_‡K †eu‡P hvq †m․w` Avie| †m․w` Avi‡ei ivRavbx I e„nËg kni wiqv`|
1932 mv‡ji 23 †m‡Þ¤^i †m․w` wKsWg cÖwZwôZ nq| †m․w` wcÖ‡Ýi bvg- gyn¤§` web mvjgvb web Avãyj AvwRR Avj †m․`|
wZwb GKvav‡i DccÖavbgš¿x, we‡k¦i me©Kwbô cÖwZiÿvgš¿x, cwjwUK¨vj A¨vÛ wmwKDwiwU A¨v‡dqvm© Ges B‡Kv‡bvwgK A¨vÛ
†W‡fjc‡g›U A¨v‡dqvm© welqK Kwgk‡bi †Pqvig¨vbI wZwb|
 mvjgvb †ek wKQz ms¯‥vi Kg©m~wP wb‡q‡Qb| Zvi g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ n‡jv-
 bvix Mvwo PvjK‡`i Ici wb‡lavÁv cÖZ¨vnvi
 S M Atiq, Senior Faculty (IA), BCS Confidence [FB froup: Fact-Finding (ATIK SIR)

 bvix wkíx Øviv cÖ_g KbmvU© Av‡qvRb

 Kg©‡ÿ‡Î bvixi msL¨v evov‡bv
 ch©UK AvK…ó Ki‡Z B-wfmv wm‡÷g
 bb-I‡qj †m±‡ii Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ wfkb-2030 MÖnY
 mvjgv‡bi ivR‣bwZK †K․k‡ji Kvi‡Y †Wvbvì Uªv¤ú wbe©vwPZ nIqvi ci cÖ_g we‡`k md‡ii Rb¨ †m․w` Avie‡KB †e‡Q
wb‡qwQ‡jb| wKš‘ Zvic‡iv mvjgv‡bi weiæ‡× Awf‡hvMI Kg bq| Zv‡K †hme mgv‡jvPbv Pvjy Av‡Q Zvi g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨
n‡jv-
 gvbevwaKvi Kg©x‡`i wbh©vZb
 B‡q‡g‡b †evgv nvgjv
 KvZvi K~U‣bwZK msKU •Zwi
 †jevb‡bi mv‡_ Ø›Ø •Zwi
 †m․w` ivRcwiev‡ii A‡bK m`m¨‡K †MÖßvi
 Rvgvj Lv‡mvwM nZ¨vKvÐ
 KvbvWvi mv‡_ ivR‣bwZK Uvbv‡cv‡ob
 Rvgvj Lv‡mvwM: Rvgvj Avn‡g` Lv‡mvwM GKRb †m․w` mvsevw`K| wZwb IqvwksUb †cv‡÷ wbqwgZ Kjvg wjL‡Zb| GQvov
wZwb Avj-Avie wbDR P¨v‡b‡ji GwWUi-Bb-wPd wQ‡jb| †m․w` Avi‡ei msev`cÎ Avj IqvZv‡bi m¤úv`KI wZwb wQ‡jb|
GB wmwbqi mvsevw`K †m․w` ivRcwiev‡ii Kov mgv‡jvPK wQ‡jb| 2018 mv‡ji 2 A‡±vei wZwb Zzi‡¯‥i B¯Ív¤^y‡ji †m․w`
`~Zve‡m wbnZ nb| 2017 mvj †_‡K wZwb †¯^”Qvq wbev©wmZ| 2018 mv‡ji 16 b‡f¤^i IqvwksUb †cv‡÷i Le‡i ejv nq,
wcÖÝ mvjgvb Zv‡K nZ¨vi wb‡`©k w`‡qwQ‡jb| 2018 mv‡ji 11 wW‡m¤^i UvBg g¨vMvwRb Lv‡mvwM‡K cvi‡mvb Ae `¨ Bqvi
†NvlYv K‡i| GQvov‡Z Zv‡K MvwW©qvb Ae `¨ Uªy_ e‡jI AvL¨vwqZ K‡i| Lv‡mvwM nZ¨vi `v‡q 11 R‡bi wePvi KvR Pj‡Q| 5
R‡bi g„Zz¨`Ð †P‡q‡Q ivóªcÿ|

wmwiqvi M„nhy×
 cwðg Gwkqvi GKwU †`k wmwiqvb Avie wicvewjK| hvi ivRavbx `v‡g¯‥| †`kwUi cwð‡g f~ga¨vmvMi, c~‡e© BivK Ges
Dˇi Zzi¯‥, `wÿ‡Y RW©vb Aew¯’Z| 8 gvP© 1963 mvj †_‡K †mLv‡b ÿgZvmxb i‡q‡Q ev_ cvwU©| †`kwU 14wU A‡j
wef³| M„nhy‡×i Kvi‡Y †`kwU Avie wjM, IAvBwm Ges BDwbqb di `¨ †gwWUv‡iwbqvb (BDGdGg) †_‡K ewn®‥…Z|
[f~ga¨vmvM‡ii †`k¸‡jv wb‡q 2008 mv‡ji 13 RyjvB cÖwZwôZ msMV‡bi bvg BDwbqb di `¨ †gwWUv‡iwbqvb| BD‡ivwcqvb
BDwbq‡bi me¸‡jv †`k Ges f~ga¨vmvM‡ii cv‡ki Av‡iv 15wU A_©vr †gvU 43wU m`m¨ †`k i‡q‡Q msMVbwUi]
 wmwiqvi wkqvcš’x ÿgZvmxb ev_ cvwU©i †cÖwm‡W›U evkvi Avj Avmv‡`i weiæ‡× Avie em‡šÍi †Ri a‡i wKQz iv‡óªi g`‡`
2011 mv‡ji 15 gvP© †_‡K mk¯¿ jovB ïiæ K‡i †mLvbKvi RbMY| hv GKwU M„nhy‡× iƒc wb‡q‡Q| mv‡o wZb jv‡Li †ewk
gvbyl wbnZ n‡q‡Q| Av‡iv 5 jvL gvbyl wb‡LvuR i‡q‡Q| 55 kZvsk gvbyl ev¯‘nviv n‡q‡Q| hv‡`i g‡a¨ 5.6 wgwjqb gvbyl
kiYv_©x Ges 6.6 wgwjqb gvbyl AvBwWwc‡Z cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| 2018 mv‡ji †klfv‡M G‡m 13 wgwjqb gvbyl gvbweK msK‡U
fzM‡Q| (†mvm©: wewewm 7 †m‡Þ¤^i 2018, ûqvB BR †`qvi G Iqvi Bb wmwiqv?)
 wmwiqvi miKvi Z_v evkvi Avj Avmv‡`i c‡ÿ i‡q‡Q- ivwkqv I Bivb| GQvov AvdMvwb¯Ívb I B‡q‡gbI wmwiqv miKv‡ii
c‡ÿ KvR Ki‡Q| wmwivqv‡Z ivwkqvi mvgwiK NuvwUI i‡q‡Q| 2015 mv‡j ivwkqv miKv‡ii cÿ wb‡q wegvb nvgjv Pvjvq
we‡`ªvnx‡`i `gb Ki‡Z| Avmv‡`i c‡ÿ BivbI AvUNvU †eu‡a †b‡g‡Q| Zviv †jevb‡bi †nReyjøvn‡K †Uªwbs w`‡q Avmv‡`i
c‡ÿ e¨envi Ki‡Q|
 Ab¨w`‡K 2015 mv‡j Avie Ges Kzw`© †mbviv MVb K‡i wmwiqvb †W‡gv‡µwUK †dv‡m©m (GmwWGd)| hy³ivóª, hy³ivR¨mn
cwðgv †`k¸‡jv Ges Zzi¯‥, †m․w` Avie, Bmiv‡qj GmwWGd Ges ÔgWv‡iU we‡`ªvnxÕ‡`i mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡Q miKv‡ii weiæ‡×
†Rviv‡jv Av‡›`vjb Ki‡Z| Zzi¯‥ we‡`ªvnx‡`i mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡jI GmwWGd Gi Kzw`©iv hv‡Z myweav Ki‡Z bv cv‡i †mB
welqwU‡ZI bRi †i‡L‡Q|
 mv¤úªwZK mg‡q wmwiqvi B`wj‡e Avj Kv‡q`vi kvLv Zvnwii Avj kvgm `Lj †bqvq †mLv‡b gvbweK wech©q †`Lv w`‡q‡Q|
B`wj‡e kvwšÍ cÖwZôvi Rb¨ ivwkqv, Bivb I Zzi¯‥ RvwZms‡N 2018 mv‡ji 26 †m‡Þ¤^i •eVK K‡i|
 wmwiqvi kvwšÍ cªwµqv
 2012 mv‡ji gvP©-‡gÕ‡Z Kwd Avbv‡bi mgš^‡q RvwZmsN I Avie wj‡Mi cwiKíbv wKQzUv Avkv †`wL‡qwQ‡jv|
 2014 mv‡ji Rvbyqvwi Ges †deªæqvwi‡Z RvwZms‡Ni cÖwZwbwai D‡`¨v‡M wmwiqv welqK †R‡bfv-2 Kbdv‡iÝ
AbywôZ nq|
 S M Atiq, Senior Faculty (IA), BCS Confidence [FB froup: Fact-Finding (ATIK SIR)

 2015 mv‡ji 30 A‡±vei wf‡qbv mswkøó me¸‡jv †`k wb‡q GK m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq| †h cÖ_gev‡i g‡Zv Ask
†bq Bivb|
 we‡`ªvnx‡`i mv‡_ 2017 mvj †_‡K Av‡jvPbv Ae¨vnZ i‡q‡Q KvRvL¯Ív‡bi Av¯Ívbvq| KvRvL¯Ív‡bi miKvi
Av¯Ívbv‡K wmwiqv kvwšÍ Av‡jvPbv Pvjv‡bvi Rb¨ ÔG b¨vPvivj †nvgÕ wn‡m‡e †bqvi Rb¨ AvnŸvb Rvwb‡q‡Q|

Kzw`© msKU
 Kzw`©¯Ívb n‡jv GKwU HwZnvwmK AÂj †hLv‡b Kzw`© gvbyliv evm K‡i| Kzw`©‡`i g‡a¨ wkqv I mywbœ Dfq ag©wek¦vmx gvbyl
i‡q‡Q| PviwU †`‡ki g‡a¨ Kzw`©¯Ívb we¯Í…Z| Zzi‡¯‥i `wÿ‡Y I Biv‡Ki Dˇi Ges Biv‡bi cwð‡g I wmwiqvi c~‡e© GB
Kzw`©¯Ívb PviwU A‡j wef³ n‡q Aew¯’Z|
 Kzw`©¯Ív‡bi g‡a¨ BivwK Kzw`©¯Ívb me©cÖ_g AÂj wn‡m‡e 1970 mv‡j ¯^vqËkvmb jvf K‡i Ges 2005 mv‡j mvsweavwbK
¯^xK…wZ jvf K‡i| Biv‡bi Kzw`©¯Ívb ¯^kvwmZ bq| wmwiqvi Kzw`©iv `yB fv‡M wef³| GKwU fvM miKvi we‡ivax GmwWGd Gi
mv‡_ _vK‡jI eo Ask evkvi Avj Avmv‡`i c‡ÿ M„nhy‡× Ask wb‡q‡Q| hy× †kl n‡j Zviv GKwU ¯^kvwmZ ivóª MVb Ki‡e
e‡j cÖZ¨vkv|
 Zzi‡¯‥i Kzw`©iv me‡P †ewk wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi| c~e© I `wÿYc~e© Avbv‡Zvwjqv A‡j cÖvq 20 wgwjqb Kzw`© evm K‡i| 1923
mv‡j wicvewjK Ae Zzi¯‥ cÖwZôvi ci †_‡KB Kzw`©‡`i Ici P‡j AgvbweK wbh©vZb| 1937-38 mv‡j `viwmg wi‡ewjqb
bv‡g MYAfz¨Ìvb `gb Ki‡Z wM‡q 13 nvRvi mvaviY gvbyl nZ¨v K‡i Zzi¯‥ miKvi| Kzw`©m, Kzw`©¯Ívb, Kz`©m GB k㸇jv
Zzi‡¯‥ wbwl×| miKvwi-‡emiKvwi me©Î Kzw`© fvlv wbwl× K‡i‡Q Zzi¯‥ miKvi|
 Acv‡ikb Awjf eªv‡Ãm: wmwiqvi Av‡j‡àv A‡ji Avdwib I AvRvR †Rjvq Pjgvb hy‡×i bvg Acv‡ikb Awjf eªv‡Ãm|
Zzi¯‥ wmwiqv‡Z mwµq Zvi g``cyó evwnbx‡K wb‡q 2018 mv‡ji 20 Rvbyqvwi G Awfhvb ïiæ K‡i hv P‡j 24 gvP© ch© šÍ| 15
gvP© †_‡K GL‡bv †mLv‡b Bbmvi‡RwÝ Pvjv‡”Q GmwWGd|
 wc‡K‡K: Kzw`©¯Ívb IqvK©vm© cvwU©i mswÿß bvg wc‡K‡K| GwU Zzi¯‥ I BivK wfwËK evgcš’x wecøex msMVb| Zzi‡¯‥i
Kzw`©¯’v‡bi ¯^vqËkvm‡bi Rb¨ mk¯¿ Av‡›`vjbKvix GB msMVbwU 1978 mv‡j cÖwZwôZ nq| Zzi‡¯‥i miKv‡ii weiæ‡× 1984
mvj †_‡K Av‡›`vjb Ki‡Q wc‡K‡K| hw`I 2013-2015 ch© šÍ wmR-dvqvi PjwQ‡jv| wc‡K‡Ki m`i`ßi Kvw›`j
gvD‡›UBb|
 GBPwewWGBP: wccjm BDbvB‡UW wif¨jykbvwi gyf‡g›U 2016 mv‡ji 12 gvP© cÖwZwôZ nq wi‡md ZvB‡c Gi‡`vMvb‡K ÿgZv
†_‡K D‡”Q` Kivi jÿ¨ wb‡q| GB msMVbwU g~jZ 10wU evgcš’x, wecøex mgvRZvwš¿K `j wb‡q cÖwZwôZ| wc‡K‡KI Gi
m`m¨ msMVb|
 Kzw`©‡`i fvlv wb‡q KvR Kiv GKwU msMV‡bi bvg Kzw`©m Bbw÷wUDU Ae c¨vwim| Zviv cÖwZ gv‡m GKwU cwÎKv †ei K‡i hvi
bvg- ey‡jwUb Ae KbU¨v± A¨vÛ Bbdi‡gkb| GB Bbw÷wUD‡Ui cÖwZôvZv Pjw”PÎ cÖ‡hvRK Ges Yilmaz Guney Kwe
Cagerxwin.
 wUªwU Ae †mf‡im (1920) Ges wUªU Ae jyRb (1923): d«v‡Ýi †mf‡i‡m 1920 mv‡ji 10 AvM÷ GB Pzw³ ¯^vÿwiZ nq
cÖ_g wek¦hy‡×i wgÎ kw³ I Aÿ kw³i Ask A‡Uvgvb mv¤ªv‡Ri mv‡_| A‡Uvgvb mv¤ªvR¨‡K wef³ Kivi weavb wQ‡jv GB
Pzw³‡Z| d‡j GB Pzw³i g‡a¨ wbwnZ wQ‡jv Kzw`©¯Ívb ivóª cÖwZôvi K_v| Ab¨w`‡K Treaty of Lausanne ¯^vÿwiZ nq
myBRvij¨v‡Ûi jyRvb kn‡i| GB Pzw³wUI cÖ_g wek¦hy‡×i wgÎ kw³ I Aÿ kw³i Ask A‡Uvgvb mv¤ªv‡Ri g‡a¨ ¯^vÿwiZ nq|
†hLv‡b Zzi‡¯‥i mve©‡f․g‡Z¡i welqwU‡K iÿv Kiv nq| hvi ga¨ w`‡q ¯^vaxb Kzw`© ivóª MV‡bi ¯^cœ †kl n‡q hvq|
nsKs msKU
we‡k¦i wØZxq e„nr A_©bxwZi †`k wP‡bi mv‡_ hy³ i‡q‡Q Ggb wKQy †`k †h¸‡jv cÖkvmwbK w`K †_‡K wP‡bi AvIZvfy³| †hgb nsKs,
g¨vKvI|eZ©gv‡b nsKs A_©‣bwZK w`K †_‡K †ek kw³kvjx Ae¯’v‡b i‡q‡Q| nsKs Px‡bi Aaxb n‡jI G‡Z Pvjy Av‡Q ÒGK †`k `yB
bxwZÓ c×wZ|
 GK †`k `yB bxwZ
cÖvPxbKv‡j nsKs wP‡biB Ask wQj| 1841 mv‡j weª‡Ub cÖ_g Avwdg hy‡×i mgq nsKs wbR `L‡j wb‡q ‡bq| c‡ii eQi A_©vr 1842
mv‡j bvbwKs Pyw³i d‡j AvbyôvwbKfv‡e ØxcwU weª‡U‡bi Aax‡b Av‡m| †mB 1842 †_‡K 1997 mvj ch© šÍ †`ok eQ‡iiI †ewk mgq
nsKs weªwUk Dcwb‡e‡ki AšÍf©y³ wQj|nsKs Gi DbœwZi mv‡_ mv‡_ weªwUk Dcwb‡ek ‡_‡K Gi gy³ nIqvi cÖwµqvI Pj‡Z _v‡K|
1980 Gi `k‡K nsKs Bmy¨‡Z wPbv‡`i mv‡_ weªwUk‡`i Av‡jvPbv ïiæ nq| ZrKvjxb PvBwbR †bZv †`s wRqvIwcs mvsweavwbK bxwZi
Øviv GKK wPb cÖwZôvi K_v e‡jb| †hLv‡b nsKs Zv‡`i wbR¯^ A_©‣bwZK I cÖkvmwbK e¨e¯’v envj †i‡L wP‡bi mv‡_ hy³ _vK‡e|
ZvQvov we‡`kx iv‡óªi mv‡_ Avjv`vfv‡e evwYwR¨K m¤úK© M‡o Zyj‡ZI evav †`Iqv n‡ebv Ggb K_vI ejv n‡qwQj| 1984 mv‡j wPb-
weª‡Ub Av‡jvPbv mv‡c‡¶ †h․_ †NvlYvc‡Î ¯^v¶i K‡i| GB †NvlYvcÎB nsKs Gi mve©‡f․g‡Z¡i wfwË wn‡m‡e m~wPZ nq| c‡ii eQi
A_©vr 1985 mv‡ji Ry‡b nsKs Gi Rb¨ †g․wjK bxwZ mg~n P~ovšÍ Kivi j‡¶¨ Pxbv KwgwU MVb Kiv nq| 1988 mv‡j GB KwgwU nsKs
 S M Atiq, Senior Faculty (IA), BCS Confidence [FB froup: Fact-Finding (ATIK SIR)

Gi †g․wjK AvBb msµvšÍcÖ_g Lmov cÖ`vb K‡i| 1989 mv‡ji †deªæqvwi‡Z hvi wØZxq Lmov cÖKvk Kiv nq| Avi GiB avivevwnKZvq
1990 mv‡ji 4B GwcÖj Px‡bi we‡kl AÂj wn‡m‡e nsKs Gi Rb¨ †g․wjK AvBb M…nxZ nq|

1997 mv‡ji 1 RyjvB nsKs Gi Rb¨ M…nxZ †g․wjK AvBbwU Kvh©Ki nq| hvi d‡j nsKs weªwUk‡`i AaxbZv gy³ n‡q n‡q wP‡bi we‡kl
¯^vqËkvwmZ AÂj wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ jvf K‡i| Avi GiB gva¨‡g Awfbe ÔGK †`k `yB bxwZÕ e¨e¯’vi hvÎv ïiæ nq| Gi †gqv` 50
eQi| A_©vr 1997 ‡_‡K 2047 mvj ch© šÍ| GLv‡b D‡jøL Kiv cÖ‡qvRb- gv‡S 1898 mv‡j weªwUk miKvi Ges wP‡bi wQs (Qing)
WvB‡bw÷ Ò†m‡KÛ Kb‡fbkb Ad wcwKsÓ bv‡gi GKwU Pyw³ K‡i| GB Pyw³‡Z jÛb wPb‡K 99 eQi ci 1997 mv‡j nsKs wdwi‡q
†`‡e e‡j K_v w`‡qwQ‡jv|

 mv¤cÖwZK nsKs
mv¤úªwZK mg‡q nsKs-wPb m¤ú‡K© †ek wKQy mgm¨vi m„wó n‡q‡Q| nsKs Gi MYZš¿Kvgxiv nsKs Gi we`¨gvb ¯’vbxq miKvi‡K †eBwRs
PvwjZ cyZyj miKvi wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ K‡i| gv‡S nsKs‡qe„nËi MYZš¿ Pvjyi D‡`¨vM †bIqv n‡qwQj| †mwUI e¨_©Zvi gyL †`‡L‡Q GB
miKv‡ii Avg‡jB| nsKs Gi cywjk evwnbx‡K ejv n‡Zv we‡k¦i Ab¨Zg †kÖô cywjk evwnbx| eZ©gv‡b †mwUI wP‡bi eva¨MZ evwnbx
wn‡m‡e Avwef©~Z n‡”Q| G Ae¯’vq A‡b‡KB nsKs‡qi ¯^vaxbZv `vwe Ki‡Q| d‡j cwiw¯’wZ ax‡i ax‡i RwUj ‡_‡K RwUjZi n‡q DV‡Q|
ga¨gcš’x‡`i g‡Z `yB c‡¶i mg‡SvZvi Afv‡eB AvR G `kv| Z‡e AwaKvsk nsKsevmxi `vwe wPb Zv‡`i ¯^vqËkvm‡bi c~Y© gh©v`v
w`‡”Qbv|
 Av‡›`vj‡bi ïiæ †hfv‡e
2019 mv‡ji Ry‡b nsKs G wPb we‡ivax me‡P‡q eo we‡¶vf †`Lv hvq| 2018 mv‡j GK nZ¨vKv‡Ði †Ri a‡i cwiw¯’wZ GZ `~i Movq|
Kvwnbx A‡bKUv Ggb- GK nsKs bvMwi‡Ki weiæ‡× ZvBIqv‡b QywU KvUv‡Z wM‡q AšÍt¯^Ëv evÜex‡K Lyb Kivi Awf‡hvM I‡V| wKš‘
ZvBIqv‡bi mv‡_ nsKs Gi ew›` wewbgq Kivi †Kv‡bv Pyw³ bv _vKvq wePv‡ii Rb¨ †mB e¨w³‡K ZvBIqv‡b cvVv‡bv m¤¢e nq bv| GB
cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z nsKs †_‡K ZvBIqvb I wP‡b Acivax cÖZ¨c©Y msµvšÍ GKwU we‡ji cÖ¯vÍ e Kiv nq| Kw_Z GB Acivax cÖZ¨c©Y we‡ji
weiæ‡× 2019 mv‡ji 9 Ryb iv‡Z nsKs Gi cÖvq 5 jvL gvbyl iv¯Ívq †b‡g c‡o| †eBwRs Gi `ye©j AvBb I gvbevwaKvi †iK‡Wi
Kvi‡Y nsKsevmx KvD‡K †mLv‡b cvVv‡bv wbivc` g‡b K‡i wb| Zviv g‡Z GB wej cvk n‡j nsKs Gi Avf¨šÍixY ivRbxwZ‡Z Px‡bi
n¯Í‡¶c Av‡iv †e‡o hv‡e| G Qvov nsKs Gi ivR‣bwZK †bZvi‡`i wewfbœ Ahynv‡Z wP‡b wb‡q wePv‡ii gy‡LvgyLx Kiv n‡e| jv‡Lv
gvby‡li DËvj Av‡›`vj‡bi gy‡L wejwU †_‡K wcQy nU‡Z eva¨ nq nsKs Gi wPbcš’x kvmK K¨vwij¨vg| Ges †kl‡gk wejwU evwZj Kiv
nq| 2047 mv‡j ÒGK †`k `yB bxwZÓ Gi †gqv` †kl n‡jI nsKsevmx g‡b K‡i wPb GLb †_‡KB nsKs Gi c~Y© wbqš¿Y MÖn‡Yi cÖ¯Íwy Z
ïiæ K‡i‡Q|
Gw`‡K 2020 mv‡ji 1 RyjvB nsKs Gi Rb¨ wPbv cvj©v‡g‡›U nVvr cvk Kiv‡bv nq we‡kl wbivcËv AvBb| GB AvBb Kvh©Ki Kivi ga¨
w`‡q nsKs Gi we‡kl mvsweavwbK gh©v`v I ¯^vaxbZvi ¯^cœ Kvh©Z a~wjm¨vr n‡q †Mj e‡j g‡b Kiv n‡”Q| Avi AvBbwUi we‡ivwaZvq
Avev‡iv bZyb K‡i ïiæ n‡q‡Q we‡¶vf|
 hv Av‡Q bZyb AvB‡b
GB AvB‡b ejv n‡q‡Q nsKs Gi gvwU‡Z wPbv mve©‡f․gZ¡ I †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii wbqš¿Y Le© Kivi ‡Póv mš¿vmev`x Aciva wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ
n‡e| GKB m‡½ wPb we‡ivax we‡¶vf Av‡qvRb, MYcwienY I miKvwi m¤úwË fvsPyi, we‡`wk kw³i mv‡_ †Mvcb AvuZvZ mš¿vmev`
wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv n‡e| Gme Kg©Kv‡Ði Rb¨ bZyb AvB‡b AvRxeb Kviv`‡Ði weavb ivLv n‡q‡Q| Avi e¨w³ I cÖwZôv‡bi Rb¨ i‡q‡Q
A_©`Ð|bZyb AvB‡bi AvIZvq nsKs G bZyb GKwU wbivcËv `ßi ¯’vcb Ki‡e Pxb| GB `߇ii wPbv Kg©KZ©viv AvBb j•NbKvix‡`i
Lyu‡R ‡ei K‡i kvw¯Í wbwðZ Kivi KvR Ki‡e|
 Av‡gwiKvi cÖwZwµqv
nsKs Bmy¨‡Z wP‡bi weiæ‡× wb‡lavÁv Aby‡gv`b K‡i‡Q hy³iv‡ó«i cÖwZwbwa cwil` (msm‡`i wb¤œKÿ)| †`kwU ej‡Q , bZyb GB AvBb
nsKs Gi Awaevmx‡`i ¯^vaxbZv ewÂZ Ki‡e hv wP‡bi cÖwZkÖæwZ f‡½i kvwgj| Z‡e wPb G‡K wb‡R‡`i Af¨šÍixY Bmy¨ ej‡Q|
RvwZms‡N wKDevmn AšÍZ 50wU †`k GB Bmy¨‡Z wP‡‡bi c‡¶ Ae¯’vb wb‡q‡Q|Ggb Ae¯’v AvcvZ`…wó‡Z wek¦ivRbxwZ‡K bZyb K‡i `yB
†giæ‡Z wef³ nIqvi Bw½Z w`‡”Q| Avi bZyb AvB‡bi d‡j me‡P‡q †ewk wec‡` Av‡Q nsKsevmx| wP‡bi D‡Ïk¨ GLv‡b my¯úó| nsKs
G we‡¶vf Avi wew”QbœZvev`x g‡bvfve wPb ei`vkZ Ki‡Z PvB‡Q bv| Avi ax‡i ax‡i f~LÐwU‡K g~j wP‡bi mv‡_ Ry‡o w`‡Z PvB‡e|gvÎ
23 eQ‡iB ‡KvYVvmv n‡q `vuov‡jv nsKsevmxi ¯^vaxbZvi ¯^cœ I we‡kl mvsweavwbK gh©v`v|

†KvwiI msKU
 c~e© Gwkqvi GKwU Av‡jvwPZ DcØxc †Kvwiqv| GB DcØxc‡i cwð‡g B‡q‡jv mvMi, `wÿ‡Y c~e© wPb mvMi Ges c~‡e© Rvcvb
mvMi Aew¯’Z| †`kwUi Dˇii ¯’j AÂj hy³ ivwkqvi mv‡_| †Kvwiqv cÖYvwj Rvcvb †_‡K GB DcØxc‡K Avjv`v K‡i‡Q|
 S M Atiq, Senior Faculty (IA), BCS Confidence [FB froup: Fact-Finding (ATIK SIR)

 wØZxq wek¦hy× ch© šÍ †Kvwiqv DcØx‡c GKwU †`kB wQ‡jv| ¯œvqyhy‡×i djvdj wn‡m‡e 1948 mv‡j †Kvwiqv DcØxc‡K wef³
Kiv nq DËi-`wÿ‡Y| 1950 mv‡j ïiæ nq †Kvwiq hy× hv †kl nq 1953 mv‡j Avwg©wUm GwMÖ‡g›U ¯^vÿ‡ii ga¨ w`‡q|
GwMÖ‡g›UwU ¯^vÿwiZ n‡qwQ‡jv `yB †Kvwiqvi gv‡S Aew¯’Z cvbgybR‡g|
 eZ©gv‡b †Kvwiqv DcØx‡c `yBwU †`k| GKwU‡K Avgiv ewj DËi †Kvwiqv hvi mvsweavwbK bvg- †W‡gv‡µwUK wccjÕm
wicvewjK Ae †Kvwiqv (9 †m‡Þ¤^i 1948 †_‡K)| Gi ivRavbxi bvg wcqsBqs| DËi †Kvwiqv †÷U A¨v‡dqvm© Kwgk‡bi
†Pqvig¨vb wKg Rs-Db| Ab¨w`‡K hv‡K Avgiv `wÿY †Kvwiqv ewj Zvi mvsweavwbK bvg- wicvwejK Ae †Kvwiqv (15 AvM÷
1948 †_‡K)| Gi ivRavbxi bvg wmDj| †`kwUi †cÖwm‡W›U gyb †R-Bb|
 1998 mv‡j †KvwiI DcØx‡c kvwšÍ cÖwZôvi Rb¨ †bqv nq mvb kvBb cwjwm| GB cwjwm cÖ`vb K‡iwQ‡jb `wÿY †Kvwiqv
mv‡eK †cÖwm‡W›U wKg `v‡q-Rs| wZwb 2000 mv‡j †bv‡ej cyi¯‥vi †c‡qwQ‡jb| 2006 mvj ch© šÍ GB cwjwm wU‡K wQ‡jv|
2006 mv‡j DËi †Kvwiqv cigvYy A¯¿ai n‡j GB cwjwm `wÿY †Kvwiqv evwZj K‡i|
 `yB †Kvwiqv †KvwiI DcØx‡ci Qwe w`‡q GKK cZvKv •Zwi K‡i 1991 mv‡j| 1990 mv‡j Gwkqvb †Mg‡mi Rb¨ GKK
cZvKv •Zwii D‡`¨vM †bqv n‡qwQ‡jv| wKš‘ ZLb mdj nq wb| 1991 mv‡j 41Zg Iqvì© †Uej †Uwbm P¨vw¤úqbwkc‡m cÖ_g
GKK cZvKv e¨envi K‡i| 2018 mv‡ji †deªæqvwi‡Z `wÿY †Kvwiqvq kxZKvjxb Awjw¤ú‡K Zviv Avev‡iv GKK cZvKv
MÖnY K‡i|
 2018 mv‡ji 27 GwcÖj `wÿY †Kvwiqvi †cÖwm‡W›U gyb †R B‡bi mv‡_ DËi †Kvwiqvi †Pqvig¨vb wKg Rs D‡bi •eVK nq|
kxl© ch©v‡q GB •eVKwUi NUbv 1950 mv‡ji ci GB cÖ_g| 18-21 †m‡Þ¤^i wØZxq `dvj •eVK nq Zv‡`i|
 wm½vcy‡ii †m‡šÍvmv Øx‡ci Kv‡cjv †nv‡U‡j Av‡gwiKvi †cÖwm‡W›U †Wvbvì Uªv¤ú Ges DËi †Kvwiqvi †Pqvig¨vb wKg Rs D‡bi
•eVK nq 2018 mv‡ji 12 Ryb| †KvwiI DcØxc‡K cigvYy A¯¿ gy³ Ki‡Yi wm×všÍ nq •eV‡K| 27-28 †deªæqvwi 2019,
Zv‡`i g‡a¨ cybivq •eVK nq wf‡qZbv‡gi n¨vb‡q|
gvnvw_i gyn¤§` I gv‡jwkqv
 weª‡U‡bi KvQ †_‡K 1957 mv‡j gv‡jwkqv ¯^vaxbZv jvf K‡i| gv‡jwkqv‡Z ivRZš¿ GL‡bv wU‡K Av‡Q| iv‡R¨i myjZvb‡`i
†Mvcb e¨vj‡Ui gva¨‡g gv‡jwkqv‡Z ivRv wbe©vwPZ nq| evb©vgv gv‡jwkqvi miKvwi evZ©v ms¯’v| gv‡jwkqvi ivRcÖvmv‡`i bvg
B¯Ívbv †bMiv| we‡k¦i me©e„nr ¸hv Aew¯’Z gv‡jwkqv‡Z hvi bvg mvivIqv|
 gv‡jwkqvi cvj©v‡g‡›U Avmb 222| gv‡jwkqvi cÖkvmwbK ivRavbx Kzqvjv jvgcyi|
 gv‡jwkqv‡Z cÖavb `yBwU ivR‣bwZK †RvU Av‡Q| evwimvb b¨vkbvj (weGb) I cvKvZvb nvivcvb (wcGBP)| gvnvw_i gyn¤§`
1981 mv‡j gv‡jwkqvi cÖavbgš¿x n‡qwQ‡jvb evwimvb b¨vkbvj †RvU †_‡K| Z‡e Zvi ivR‣bwZK `‡ji bvg wQ‡jv-
BDbvB‡UW gvjqm b¨vkbvj AM©vbvB‡Rkb (BDGgGbM)| wZwb 2003 mv‡j ÿgZv Qv‡ob| wZwb wQ‡jb PZz_© cÖavbgš¿x|
 2018 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b wZwb Zvi Av‡Mi we‡ivax †RvU cvKvZvb nvivcvb †_‡K wbe©vPb K‡i cÖavbgš¿x nb| Zvi GK mg‡qi
wkl¨ mv‡eK cÖavbgš¿x bvwRe‡K nvwi‡q wZwb 2018 mv‡j cÖavbgš¿x nb| Gevi wZwb nb mßg cÖavbgš¿x|
 Av‡Mi `dvq wZwb hLb cÖavbgš¿x wQ‡jb ZLb RbwcÖq ivRbxwZwe` I Zvi miKv‡ii gš¿x Av‡bvqvi Beªvwng‡K wZwb 1998
mv‡j eiLv¯Í K‡ib| c‡i mgKvwgZvi Awf‡hv‡M Zv‡K †MÖßvi Kivb wZwb| 2018 Gi wbe©vP‡b wZwb Av‡bvqvi Beªvwn‡gi cÿ
†bb| mg‡SvZv n‡qwQ‡jv- cÖavbgš¿ x wn‡m‡e wZwb †ewk w`b _vK‡eb bv| Av‡bvqvi Beªvwng‡KB ÿgZv w`‡q m‡i hv‡eb|
 2020 mv‡ji 24 †deªæqvwi †deªæqvwi‡Z nVvr K‡i c`Z¨v‡Mi †NvlYv w`‡q wZwb Avevi Av‡jvPbvq Av‡mb| Z‡e wZwb
Av‡bvqvi Beªvwng‡K ÿgZvq emvb wb| 29 †deªæqvwi wgqvbgv‡ii cÖavbgš¿x wn‡m‡e wbhy³ nvwR gyn¤§` Bqvwmb| Z‡e wZwb
`vwqZ¡fvi MÖnY K‡ib 2020 mv‡ji 1 gvP©|
 wm½vcyi gv‡jwkqv †_‡K Avjv`v †h cÖYvwji gva¨‡g Zvi bvg †Rvni cÖYvwj (Johor Strait)|