CAUSE – autoantibodies against thyroglobulin, TPO, TSH receptor and Iodine receptor.

This
causes chronic damage to the thyroid gland leading to chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS - consistent with hypothyroidism

RISK FACTORS

1. Sex and age – middle aged women

2. Family history and other autoimmune disease
3. Radiation exposure

DIAGNOSIS

1. Blood samples – low thyroid hormones, increased TSH

2. Antibody test – TPO (thyroid peroxidase enzyme) antibodies
 Enzyme found in thyroid gland responsible for hormone production
3. Cytology – lymphocytic infiltration

TREATMENT - Hormone replacement – levothyroxine

COMPLICATIONS

1. Goitre – firm non tender

2. Heart – increased LDL due to low thyroid hormone levels leading to enlarged heart
3. Psychosexual – depression, decreased libido, slow mental functioning
4. Myxoedema – life threatening condition triggered by cold, sedatives, infection or other
stress factors leading to drowsiness followed by profound lethargy and unconsciousness
5. Birth defects