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aLoal Envclepe
nS An envelorc toad is dcfine al now (orsbfnctin
h tho bati e SAt Cdrlacements,distributed foe3 in
diSTo1uhCd momênt S)_are chosom fera et o Seecte

load (afes and load CombinationS,Such Lut fos every element

0d he
hE load Case Combinahon with the minimym
MaximurSele cled esult ComPenert Seuded ond for
thenode all uic eSal fvom i s load (au Conbin ahon
re Placed in the foad envetofe,

ension.

SreciAiteton truss
It may wged fo mode c slecitied setot membeasM
aS fu5 membes9.
Sfechitatg may be mged to SPecity mas tye memb°s M
aplane SPale. o fwoR tmy Chwre i uss e CaRabiet
Cos my anl aaiu forces.Tyeicgtly, brmting membey ma
plome oy SPuLe fume wil e ot This msS n u t n .
Tu TruS member has on1 one dere freedonm The
ax4de forma ziuo).
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seeciicatim sttensin
M he useddo designate Ceritn moe al
einnl1 Cormfre ssm -mly mmbes.
lCnji) membe are uss lCabie mOmhrS tut C
CaPable 6t Carrinq ensjle fosce onl1 h,ey ame
automgttally nuCtivetHes fr load Cagoshut rat@
Comsegsion n then
Load3 Hhest huve bheon defnd on member de docl4rei
as Memher TenS7ug wit| be ultive evin when t
embr heComeg_ENAHv naltive dzinq
he ProtesSct_Omalysis.

Poller PPotS

LollesuPPoS ore free t 30 tate cnd tenSla te alng

the Carfute Pen which fhe rolleyTest. The
Curfale Cun he hwrintul vertiul Cx indMed at cy n
pa ler CuePoxt ae CommonlY ocuted at one end c+ ln9 bida
Contralt
hi's allsuS The bidge Strultwre Jo dePon d amd
ith jempresyve_Chonge

elashio Suppoa

astic SPurt deFines al elarh fevmdoson between

he Selected tuces od a Part Y assemby d
nd
fhe gyomd. ( s . ConneCtur rests tonin
Crnpressin.
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petn

a3()Lgad Ralamcihg
Pntt
Opfosite tyre o loads M StuCtwul elcment
COPposite h nutere fo e ed er nul oddS)

m T
rvaine
fe Crngl foads Canio a Sagainq
bccuy Ory l0od uhicn ihtvod(es le hojgin O Vete
aues
0 h bavy),1ua ond oPPosite n noturre to fhat
Yofrna| ods
allo Called Pre Stressin on 1
Mefhas t ye sre ss inq is recognjzed a s toad enra
(omcept.
ony al 10a45
h tera luuds ae tres tes
Omd hot Convertes a Stress on Stnycfre

eqyivu)ent locld ond th

Prestrecsing alo_Cover ted as etemc
Coun feraCt or talance fhe
equivylent load muSt
load

balumcimg Cncert 1 ed t s cn aysis ot mle trn nut

h A oud
cmPlicated oma yi
Pretress es concrefe Stmut Ond
OreStressing_(aanut eosil depicted.
here tue effect t
 Page
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