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Database design – Conceptual Design , Logical Design , Physical Design.
Author: Kamalanathan
Thursday, October 01st, 2009
Database design: Conceptual , Logical and Physical design.

Database design is the process of producing a detailed data model of database to meet an end users requirement.
Qualities of a Good Database Design
 Reflects real-world structure of the problem
 Can represent all expected data over time
 Avoids redundancy and ensures Consistency
 Provides efficient access to data
 Supports the maintenance of data integrity over time
Database design methodology has 3 main phases:
1. Conceptual database design
2. Logical database design
3. Physical database design
1. Conceptual database design:
It is a process of constructing a data model for each view of the real world problem which is
independent of physical considerations.
This step involves :
 Constructing the ER Model
 Check the model for redundancy
 Validating the model against user transactions to ensure all the scenarios are supported
ER Modelling :
Pictorial Representation of the Real world problem in terms of entities (which have attributes) and relations between
the entities is referred as ER diagram.
Entities: An entity is a class of distinct identifiable objects or concepts
Relations: Associations among entities is referred as Ã¢‚¬Å“RelationsÃ¢‚¬
Attributes: Attributes are properties or characteristics of entities.
Please refer http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entity-relationship_model for more about ER diagrams.
2. Logical database design

It is a process of constructing a model of information , which can then be mapped into storage objects supported by
the Database Management System.
This step involves:
 Table Generation From ER Model
 Normalization of Tables
Table Generation From ER Model
The Cardinality of relationships among the entities can be considered while deriving the
tables from ER Model into:
One-to-one:
Entities with Ã¢‚¬Å“one-to-oneÃ¢‚¬ relationships should be merged into a single entity
Each remaining entity is modeled by a table with a primary key and attributes, some of which may be foreign keys
One-to-many
Ã¢‚¬Å“One-to-manyÃ¢‚¬ relationships are modeled by a foreign key attribute in the table . This foreign key would
refer to another table that would contain the Ã¢‚¬Å“manyÃ¢‚¬ side of the relation.
Many-to-many
Ã¢‚¬Å“Many-to-manyÃ¢‚¬ relationships among two entities are modeled by a third table that has foreign keys that
refer to the entities.
Normalization of Tables
Normalization is a process of eliminating redundancy and other anomalies in the system.
Please refer http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_normalization for more details.
In most cases in the enterprise world , normalization upto Third Normal form would suffice.
In certain cases or some transactions it is desirable that certain table be denormalised for efficiency in querying the
database tables.In those cases tables can be in denormalised form.
3.Physical database design
The physical design of the database specifies the physical configuration of the database on
the storage media.

This step involves describing the base relations, file organisations, and indexes design used to achieve efficient access
to the data, and any associated integrity constraints and security measures.
External Links:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codd’s_12_rules
http://ocw.mit.edu/NR/rdonlyres/Urban-Studies-and-Planning/11-208Introduction-to-Computers-in-Public-
Management-IIJanuary–IAP-2002/64B3A7CB-FA1F-4749-869C-A5D96ABCBE50/0/lect52.pdf
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conceptual_schema
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_design
http://www.cs.ucc.ie/~abf/CS507-8/l37c.pdf
Category: Databases
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o Executable Specifications using GUI-Less browser frameworks

o Use the browser’s developer tools (F12) to examine slow-loading webpages

o Agility during software maintenance

o Dig into DIP

Database design: Conceptual , Logical and Physical design.

Qualities of a Good Database Design

 Reflects real-world structure of the problem

 Can represent all expected data over time

 Avoids redundancy and ensures Consistency

 Provides efficient access to data

 Supports the maintenance of data integrity over time

Database design methodology has 3 main phases:

1. Conceptual database design

2. Logical database design

3. Physical database design

1. Conceptual database design:

independent of physical considerations.

This step involves :

 Constructing the ER Model

 Check the model for redundancy

the entities is referred as ER diagram.

Entities: An entity is a class of distinct identifiable objects or concepts

Relations: Associations among entities is referred as Ã¢‚¬Å“RelationsÃ¢‚¬

Attributes: Attributes are properties or characteristics of entities.

Please refer http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entity-relationship_model for more about ER diagrams.

2. Logical database design

the Database Management System.

This step involves:

 Table Generation From ER Model

Table Generation From ER Model

tables from ER Model into:

Entities with Ã¢‚¬Å“one-to-oneÃ¢‚¬ relationships should be merged into a single entity

refer to the entities.

Normalization is a process of eliminating redundancy and other anomalies in the system.

Please refer http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_normalization for more details.

database tables.In those cases tables can be in denormalised form.

3.Physical database design

the storage media.

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E-Mail (will not be published , required)

Charaza maneno mawili:

« PHP = Open Source

 Copyright © 2012 Prowareness. All rights reserved.

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Relations: Associations among entities is referred as Ã¢‚¬Å“RelationsÃ¢‚¬

Entities with Ã¢‚¬Å“one-to-oneÃ¢‚¬ relationships should be merged into a single entity