xxxx

Every student in phase behavior class had an experiment to do. The objective of the

experiment was to study the relationship between Volume, Pressure, and Temperature (PVT). To

use the PVT Simulator was simple. First, there were few steps before you begin the experiment

in the system which was guiding steps to start the system. On the simulator, record the standard

conditions for volume, vapor as yellow, liquid as brown, volume of mercury removed, the sum

of volume (liquid and vapor), and then pressure. When you begin the experiment, recording the

values every time it changes is required for the experiment to see the relationship between the

Volume, Pressure, and Temperature. On the other hand, there are different temperatures from

one group to another. So each group has different numbers to record during the experiment.

Every time you open the PVT Simulator System, the standard conditions are the same for every

group which is 10 for liquid, 0 for vapor, and 0 mercury removed, and also the pressure is the

same starting at 2000. Now, the idea is kind of complicated but easy to follow. Start by using F5

every time you want to remove arbitrary amounts of mercury to reduce the pressure and find the

bubble point. Record the volume and pressure values are very important to do the experiment.

The technique is by typing the number followed with a minus sign, the volume (liquid) is going

down, and by typing the number without a minus sign, the volume (vapor) is going down. The

main objective for the PVT Simulator is to get to the bubble point for the volume vapor and dew
point for the liquid (should get to 0.002 cc or less). Keep going until you get to the bubble and

dew point (until you get to 0.002 cc or 0.001) proceed with 4 or 5 readings while continuing the

experiment, recording is required for every step. Overall, it was a simple experiment.

Regards,

Ibraheem Alkhuder

Concept:

The concept is to have a pure substance. Which means the liquid must be at the bubble

point to develop the first molecules into gas bubbles. As for the dew point, it should develop the

last liquid molecules into gas bubbles. These points are required to make the pressure equals the

vapor pressure and that means it is a pure substance.

Objective:

The objective of the experiment is to use the PVT system simulator to study the

relationship between the Volume, Pressure, and Temperature. Also it is to find the volume vapor

bubble point and liquid dew point of pure carbon dioxide at standard condition. Keep in mind

using 4 different temperatures for each group. In addition, the experiment has some tools like: a

small black oil tank, a small mercury tank, and pressure measuring device.

Experimental Procedure:

At the beginning of the experiment the main idea is to get the volume liquid and volume

vapor (gas) 0.002 cc or less, which means at bubble and dew point. To do that, a multiple things

must be done first. Open the PVT Simulator, hit F2 to open/close valves, and then hit F5 to

utilize the hand pump and enter values, notice the change of volume liquid and gas, and pressure.
Then, recording pressure and mercury’s volume reading is important to do the experiment.

Continue until you reach the bubble and dew point.

The figure (1) below is very close to the actual PVT Simulator as you do the experiment.

Figure 1

The experiment is simple and easy to follow the steps. The objective is to get low as you

can get (0.002 or less) by repeating the same values until you reach bubble and dew point, but

keep in mind 0.000 is not needed, for it is either 0.002 or 0.001. Additionally, the pressure can be
read in any location if the valve is open. The default pressure is either 14.7 psia or 0 psig. On the

other hand, anyone who is trying to do the experiment should know that as more mercury is

removed, more gas forms, and less liquid remains.

Figure 2

As for figure (2) above, it shows the explanation of bubble point and dew point, and the

relationship between Pressure and Temperature.

Results:

The results I have got in doing the experiment were good and satisfying, as the bubble

point and dew point have been found. As soon as you get the volume vapor to the bubble point

and volume liquid to dew point, the experiment is done.

The tables below show everything I have recorded until I got to the bubble and dew point

(0.002 or 0.001). In the experiment, to get to the bubble and dew point is to do some calculations
 Group 1
Vl Vg Vhg Vt P
10 0 0 10 2000 and enter a lot of numbers, and if the numbers were too many
11 0 1 11 1824
before you reach to your goal, the experiment will exit itself
940.8
13 0 3 13
6
means it has been destroyed and you go back and do the
13.31 13.31
0.002 3.319 214.1
7 9 experiment from the beginning. So, concentrating and
10.45 18.31
7.865 8.319 914.1
4 9 calculations are important when doing the experiment to
23.59 18.31 28.31
4.726 914.1
3 9 9 avoid this issue.
31.45 Pressure 33.31
vs Mercury Volume
1.863 23.32 914.1
6
2500 9 Also, I have the graphs below that show the
36.56 36.56
0.001 2000 26.57 914.1
8 9 relationship between volume mercury and
41.56
1500 41.56 880.6
0  
2
1000 2 3 pressure.
46.56 46.56 843.8
0 500  
9 9 3
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Table1

Graph1

Group 6 Pressure vs Mercury Volume

Vl Vg Vhg Vt P
2500
10 0 0 10 2000
12 0 2 12 1151.1 2000
13 0 3 13 1014.8
1500
13.864 0.002 3.866 13.866 956.9
9.398 10.468 9.866 19.866 956.9 1000
7.165 15.701 12.87 22.866 956.9 500
2.698 26.168 18.87 28.866 956.9
0.001 32.488 22.49 32.489 956.2 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0 35.489 25.49 35.489 938.13
0 39.489 29.49 39.489 908.77
 Table2 Graph2

Group 11
Vl Vg Vhg Vt P
10 0 0 102000
13 0 3 131068
1004.
14 0 4 14
9
14.43 4.43 14.43 990.0
0.002
1 3 3 1
7.43 17.43 990.0
11.54 5.893
3 3 1
15.71 12.4 22.43 990.0
6.722
1 3 3 1 Table 3
23.56 16.4 26.43 990.0
Pressure vs Mercury Volume
2.868
5 3 3 1 Graph
2500
29.40 19.4 29.40 990.0
0.002
5 2000 1 7 1 3
34.40 24.4 34.40 958.5
0
7 1500 1 7 3
39.40 29.4 39.40
0 1000 918.7
7 1 7
Pressure
500 vs Mercury Volume
2500 Group 15
0
Vl 1 Vg
2 3 Vhg
4 5 Vt 6 7P 8 9 10
2000
10 0 0 10 2000
1500 11 0 1 11 1505.9
1000
13 0 3 13 1134
15.602 0.002 5.604 15.604 1034.2
500 12.327 5.277 7.604 17.604 1034.2
0 5.777 15.827 11.6 21.604 1034.2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2.502 21.102 13.6 23.604 1034.2
0.002 25.129 15.13 25.131 1034.2
0 29.131 19.13 29.131 1014.6
0 33.131 23.13 33.131 984.94
Table 4 Graph 4

Analysis and Discussions:

As seen in the results, the tables are explaining what the values are that made me get to

the bubble point and dew point. Look close to the shaded area in the tables, that shows the

volume liquid (Vl) at bubble point and volume gas (Vg) at dew point, and there is volume total

(Vt) means the sum of volume liquid and volume gas, and lastly look how the pressure (P) is

changing when you increase and decrease the values. Also, the tables have many readings

because it is required to record how it reached to (0.002 or 0.001). So, I have done the

experiment 4 times in 4 different temperatures because the values are going to be different if the

temperature is different. As for the graphs, it shows the relationship between the pressure in the

black oil tank in psi, and mercury volume.

Overall, the experiment could be possible to have errors and mistakes due to mercury

compressibility, mercury might mess up the pressure measuring, and another issue is trapped air

in lines, means altering the original pressure. Also, instrument accuracy (10), means it is not

practical for real work. Other issues like temperature of black oil tank, it plays a huge role which

the issue here is that has to be maintained throughout the experiment so it does not affect the

pressure reading. Last but not least, human errors, like anyone could record the wrong reading or

maybe forget a step or something which it may lead to do the experiment in a wrong way!

Conclusion:
 In conclusion, the experiment was very simple and useful for those who want to become

an engineer. I have learned from this experiment how to operate a mercury valve, how to reach

or find the bubble and dew point for volume liquid and volume gas and more important how to

use obtained information about an experiment. Other than that, the experiment went perfectly

and I’m sure it taught a lot of students how to manage the PVT Simulator System.

References
1. Hosein, R., Mayrhoo, R., & McCain Jr. "Determination of Bubble-Point and Dew-Point
Pressure without a Visual Cell." - OnePetro. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 9 June 2014. Web.
2. Dali Hou, Yang Xiao, Yi Pan, Lei Sun, and Kai Li,. "Experiment and Simulation Study on the
Special Phase Behavior of Huachang Near-Critical Condensate Gas Reservoir Fluid." Journal of
Chemistry 2016 (2016): 10. Web. 5 Nov. 2015.
3. Julius U. Akpabio1,2*, Sunday O. Isehunwa2 and Oluwatoyin O. Akinsete. "PVT Fluid
Sampling, Characterization and Gas Condensate Reservoir Modeling." Advances in Research
(2015): n. pag. Print.