1Supplementary Information

2In Figure S1, major steps of the method are illustrated as an overall diagram.

1
3 Figure S1. Overall diagram of major steps of the method

2
 4Energy and mass balances, and energy efficiency equation for each component of the system are listed

5in the Table S1.

6Table S1. System component energy and mass balances as well as energy efficiency equations

No. Component Mass balance Energy balance Energy efficiency References

1 Burner ṁcoal + ṁair + ṁcoal + ṁ O2 ,elec ❑=m˙FG ηcc ¿( ṁ3 c p , FG (T 3−T 0) (Bailera et al., 2015;
Bejan, 2016; Cengel and
ṁ1 LHV coal
Boles, 2002)
T O 2 ,elec −T 0 ¿ ¿=m˙FG c p , FG (T FG −T 0)
2 Absorption ṁ4=ṁ5 Q̇|¿|=COP ṁ FG
c p ,FG ¿¿ )
- (Bejan, 2016; Cengel and
Boles, 2002; Jawad Al-
chiller
Tameemi et al., 2019)

3 Pump ṁ8 =ṁ 5 ṁRC (h5−h8) ṁRC (h5 −h8 ) (Bejan, 2016; Cengel and
Ẇ p = Boles, 2002; Ehyaei and
ηp Ẇ p Rosen, 2019; Zeinodini
and Aliehyaei, 2019)

4 Evaporator ṁ6 =ṁ 5∧ṁ 4=ṁ3 Q̇ E=ṁ RC ( h 6−h5 ) =η E ṁFG C P (T 3−T 4) FG

ṁRC ( h6−h5 ) (Bejan, 2016; Cengel and
Boles, 2002; Ehyaei and
ṁRC ( h6−h5 ) Rosen, 2019; Zeinodini
and Aliehyaei, 2019)

5 Turbine ṁ6 =ṁ7 Ẇ T =ṁ RC (h6−h 7)ηT Ẇ T (Bejan, 2016; Cengel and

Boles, 2002; Ehyaei and
ṁ RC (h6 −h7 ) Rosen, 2019; Zeinodini
and Aliehyaei, 2019)

6 Condenser ṁ8 =ṁ7 Q̇ C = ṁ RC η C (h7−h8) Q̇ C (Bejan, 2016; Cengel and

Boles, 2002; Ehyaei and
ṁ RC (h7 −h8 ) Rosen, 2019; Zeinodini
and Aliehyaei, 2019)

7 Rankine cycle ṁ6 =ṁ5=ṁ 8=ṁ7 - Ẇ T −Ẇ p (Bejan, 2016; Cengel and

Boles, 2002; Ehyaei and
ηE ṁ FG C P (T 3 −T 4 )
FG Rosen, 2019; Zeinodini
and Aliehyaei, 2019)

8 Alkaline ṁ11 =ṁ12+ ṁ15 ṁ11 h11 + Ẇ elec =ṁ 12 h12+ ṁ15 h15 ṁ12 LHV H 2
(Bejan, 2016; Cengel and
Boles, 2002; Tijani et al.,
electrolyzer Ẇ elec
2014; Ulleberg, 2003)
9 Wind - Ẇ wind ,ave =Ẇ wind ,er ¿ Ẇ windturbine ,ave (Asgari and Ehyaei,
2015; Ehyaei et al., 2019;
Ẇ windturbine, er Johnson, 2006; Justus,
turbine
1978; Powell, 1981)
10 Methanation ṁ10 +ṁ12=ṁ13 ṁ10 h10+ ṁ12 h12=ṁ13 h13 ṁ13 LHV CH 4
(Bailera et al., 2015;
ṁ12 LHV H Cengel and Boles, 2002)
plant 2

3
11 Compressor ṁ13=ṁ 14 Ẇ Com =ṁ 13 c p ηCom (T 14 −T 13 ) ṁ 13 c p (T 14−T 13) (Cengel and Boles,
Ẇ Com 2002)

8In Table S1, c p is the specific heat at constant pressure, T is the temperature, ṁ is the mass flow rate

9and LHV is the lower heating value. ηCC is the combustion efficiency which is equal to 85%, T 0 represents

10the ambient temperature which is 288.15 K (Yang et al., 2019; Yang et al., 2019). P, E, T, and C denote

11pump, evaporator, turbine and condenser. Ẇ and Q̇ are power and heat transfer rate (kW). ɳ is the

12polytrophic compressor efficiency.

13According to Figure 1, ṁcoal , T coal, ṁair , T air, ṁO2˙ , elec, T O 2 ,elec , ṁ FG and T FG are specified by ṁ 1, T 1, ṁ 2,

14T 2, ṁ 15, T 15, ṁ 3 and T 3. COP is the coefficient of performance of absorption chiller which is considered

15to be 0.85 (Waidhas et al., 1996).

16

17

18

19

20Table S2. Exergy efficiency and exergy destruction rate equations for each component of the system

No Component Exergy efficiency Exergy destruction rate References

.
1 Burner ṁ3 ex 3 ṁ1 ex1 + m˙15 ex 15+ ṁ2 ex 2−ṁ3 ex3 (Bailera et al., 2015;
Bejan, 2016; Cengel
ṁ1 ex 1 + ṁ2 ex 2 + m˙15 ex15
and Boles, 2002)

2 Absorption Q̇|¿|¿ ¿ ¿ ṁ 4 ( ex 4 −ex 9 ) −Q̇|¿|¿¿ (Bejan, 2016; Cengel

and Boles, 2002;
Jawad Al-Tameemi
chiller
et al., 2019)

4
3 Pump Ẇ p ṁ RC ( ex 8−ex 5 ) ∓ Ẇ p (Bejan, 2016; Cengel
and Boles, 2002;
ṁRC ( ex 8−ex 5 ) Ehyaei and Rosen,
2019; Zeinodini and
Aliehyaei, 2019)

4 Evaporator ṁRC ( ex 6−ex 5 ) ṁ RC ex 5 + ṁ FG ex 3− ṁ Rc ex 6− ṁ FG ex 4 (Bejan, 2016; Cengel

and Boles, 2002;
ṁFG ( ex 3−ex 4 ) Ehyaei and Rosen,
2019; Zeinodini and
Aliehyaei, 2019)

5 Turbine Ẇ T ṁ RC ( ex 6−ex 7 )−Ẇ T (Bejan, 2016; Cengel

and Boles, 2002;
ṁRC ( ex 6−ex 7 ) Ehyaei and Rosen,
2019; Zeinodini and
Aliehyaei, 2019)

6 Condenser T0 T0 (Bejan, 2016; Cengel

Q̇Con (1− ) ṁ RC ¿)-Q̇ Con (1− ) and Boles, 2002;
T Con TC Ehyaei and Rosen,
ṁ RC ( ex 7 −ex 8 ) 2019; Zeinodini and
Aliehyaei, 2019)

7 Rankine Ẇ T −Ẇ p T0 T0 (Bejan, 2016; Cengel

Q̇ E (1− )+ Ẇ p−Ẇ T −Q̇ Con (1− ) and Boles, 2002;
ṁRC ( ex 6−ex 5 ) TE TC Ehyaei and Rosen,
cycle 2019; Zeinodini and
Aliehyaei, 2019)

8 Alkaline ṁ12 ex ch H2
ṁ 11 ex 11− ṁ15 ex 15−ṁ 12 ex 12+ Ẇ elec (Bejan, 2016; Cengel
and Boles, 2002;
Ẇ elec Tijani et al., 2014;
electrolyzer
Ulleberg, 2003)
9 Wind Ẇ windturbine ,ave 8 (Asgari and Ehyaei,
ρ A2 u3−Ẇ windturbine, ave
8 27 2015; Ehyaei et al.,
turbine ρ A2u3 2019; Johnson,
27 2006; Justus, 1978;
Powell, 1981)
10 Methanation ṁ13 ex 13 ṁ12 ex 12 + ṁ10 ex 10−ṁ13 ex 13 (Bailera et al., 2015;
Cengel and Boles,
ṁ12 ex 12+ ṁ10 ex 10
plant 2002)

11 Compressor Ẇ c ṁ 13 ex 13− ṁ14 ex 14 + Ẇ Com (Cengel and Boles,

ṁ13 ex 13−ṁ14 ex 14 2002)

21

22In Table S2, ρ denotes the density of air, A 2 defines the swept area of the wind turbine, u represents the

23wind velocity. Ė Dmeans the exergy destruction rate.

5
24Installation and purchase cost of components are presented in the Table S3.

25 Table S3. Cost of purchase and installation of cycle components

Component Cost function Unit References

Steam Cycle
0.7
Turbine 6000( Ẇ T ) $ (Baghernejad and Yaghoubi, 2011; Owebor et
al., 2019)
0.71
Pump 3540( Ẇ P ) $ (Baghernejad and Yaghoubi, 2011; Owebor et
al., 2019)
Condenser 1773 ṁ 7 $ (Baghernejad and Yaghoubi, 2011; Owebor et
al., 2019)
0.8
Boiler 1065900 (0.001( Ẇ T −Ẇ P )) $ (Caputo et al., 2005; Hasler et al., 2009; Kumar et
al., 2015)

0.5
Civil work 803860 (0.001( Ẇ T −Ẇ P )) $ (Caputo et al., 2005; Hasler et al., 2009; Kumar et
al., 2015)
0.6
Electrical work 835290 (0.001( Ẇ T −Ẇ P )) $ (Caputo et al., 2005; Hasler et al., 2009; Kumar et
al., 2015)
Absorption chiller 1144.3¿ ¿ $ (Dincer et al., 2017)
Wind turbine 1200000 $ (Powell, 1981)
Compressor 39.5 ṁ 13 P14 P 14 $ (Baghernejad and Yaghoubi, 2011; Owebor et
( ln ⁡( ))
0.9−η Com P13 P13 al., 2019)

Methanation 500 $/kW (Baier et al., 2018)

Electrolyzer 1130 $/kW (Baier et al., 2018)
0.65
6 ṁ 10 $
CCS 75.45 ∙10 ( ) (Bellotti et al., 2017)
2.808 ∙ 106
26

27In which, CCS means CO2 absorption using amines (MEA)

28For the Tehran city, wind velocity value for particular wind speed range are reported in the Table S4.

29 Table S4. Wind velocity value for particular wind speed range for Tehran

wind speed Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
1 ≤u1 <3 59 62 82 79 71 76 98 106 119 96 64 60
4 ≤u 1<6 25 36 65 61 53 67 73 51 43 37 31 8
7 ≤ u1< 10 15 22 20 32 27 27 7 5 6 10 14 2
11≤ u1< 16 0 2 2 7 12 3 2 1 0 2 2 2
u1 >16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
30

6
31

32

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