18 2 Analysis of Ship Owner’s Requirements

(d) CRS (Croatian Register of Shipping), Croatia

(e) DNV GL (Det Norske Veritas Germanischer Lloyd), Norway
(f) IRS (Indian Register of Shipping), India
(g) KR (Korean Register of Shipping), Republic of Korea
(h) LR (Lloyd’s Register), United Kingdom
(i) NK (Nippon Kaiji Kyokai), Japan
(j) RRS (Polish Register of Shipping), Poland
(k) RINA (Registro Italiano Navale), Italy
(l) RS (Russian Maritime Register of Shipping), Russia

2.4.3 Administrations

In addition, a ship should satisfy rules and regulations of administrations such as the
registered country and FOC (Flag Of Convenience). A ship has nationality like
human and it should be registered in a certain country. Therefore, the ship should
hoist a national flag and belong to the exclusive jurisdiction of the nation in
international waters. FOC is a business practice whereby a ship is registered in a
country other than that of the ship owner, and the ship flies that country’s civil
ensign. Ship owner may register the ship under a flag of convenience to reduce
operating costs or avoid the regulations of the ship owner’s country. Some exam-
ples of the registered country and FOC are listed below.
(a) Registered country
• USCG (USA), DOT (UK), SBG (Germany), SNMA (Sweden), NMD
(Norway), AMSA (Austrailia), KG (Korea), etc.
(b) Flag of convenience
28 countries including Panama, Liberia, etc.

References

IMO. (1966). ICLL (International Convention on Load Lines) 1966, as Amended by the protocol of
1988. IMO.
IMO. (1969). TONNAGE (International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships) 1969.
IMO.
IMO. (1972). COLREGs (Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions
at Sea) 1972. IMO.
IMO. (1973). MARPOL (International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships)
1973, as Amended by the Protocol of 1978 and 1997 (Annex VI). IMO.
IMO. (1974). SOLAS (International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea) 1974, as Amended by
the Protocol of 1978 and 1988. IMO.
ITU. (1992). Radio Regulations of the International Telecommunication Union 1992, ITU.
Lamb, T. (2003). Ship design and construction. Jersey City: The Society of Naval Architects and
Marine Engineers.