Khalsa model senior secondary

school

CHEMISTRY PROJECT
ON
QUALITAIVE ANALYSIS OF
COCUNUT WATER

SESSION – 2020-21

PREPARED BY:- GUIDED BY:-

Sayan Banerjee Mrs Sandeep Kaur

Class-XII Chemistry
Roll No.-
 INDEX

SL NO TITLE TEACHERS
SIGNATURE
1. Acknowledgements

2. Certificate

3. Introduction

4.  Aim
 Requirements
5. Procedure

6. Observation

7. Bibliography
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is my foremost duty to express my
deep regards to my Chemistry teacher
Mrs Sandeep Kaur under whose guidance
and supervision I am able to undertake
this project. It is she who has been my
primary source of inspiration and who
motivated, guided and encouraged me at
different stages to make this project.
I am also thankful for the help
rendered by our lab teacher who made
available the various apparatus and
chemicals needed for the experiments,
else it would have been a difficult
task to perform this project
successfully. I also want to thank the
lab attendant for their invaluable
help.

Sayan Banerjee
2020-2021
 CERTIFICATE
This to certify that “Sayan
Banerjee” of class XII bearing
roll no- who is going to
appear for AISSCE-2021 has
successfully completed all the
practicals and projects in
Chemistry during the session
2020-2021 as per the prescribed
syllabus of C.B.S.E., New Delhi.

(Sandeep Kaur)
(Chemistry Department)
 INTRODUCTION
COCONUT PLANT
The Coconut tree (Cocos Nucifera.) is a member
of the family Arecaceae (Palm Family).It is
the only accepted species in the genus
Cocos. The term coconut can refer to the
entire coconut palm, the seed, or the fruit,
which, botanically, is a drupe, not a nut.
The spelling cocoanut is an archaic form of
the word. The term is derived from the 16th-
century Portuguese and Spanish word coco
meaning "head" or "skull", from the three
indentations on the coconut shell that
resemble facial features. The coconut is
known for its great versatility as seen in
the many uses of its different parts and
found throughout the tropics and subtropics.
Coconuts are part of the daily diets of many
people. Coconuts are different from any
other fruits because they contain a large
quantity of "water" and when immature they
are known as tender-nuts or jelly-nuts and
may be harvested for drinking. When mature,
they still contain some water and can be
used as seednuts or processed to give oil
from the kernel, charcoal from the hard
shell and coir from the fibrous husk. The
endosperm is initially in its nuclear phase
suspended

within the coconut water. As development

continues, cellular layers of endosperm
deposit along the walls of the coconut,
becoming the edible coconut "flesh". When
dried, the coconut flesh is called copra.
The oil and milk derived from it are
commonly used in cooking and frying; coconut
oil is also widely used in soaps and
cosmetics. The clear liquid coconut water
within is potable. The husks and leaves can
be used as material to make a variety of
products for furnishing and decorating. The
coconut also has cultural and religious
significance in many societies that use it.

Coconut Water
Coconut water is the clear liquid inside
young green coconuts (fruits of the coconut
palm). In early development, it serves as a
suspension for the endosperm of the coconut
during the nuclear phase of development. As
growth continues, the endosperm matures into
its cellular phase and deposits into the
rind of the coconut meat. Coconut water has
long been a popular drink in the tropical
countries where it is available fresh,
canned, or bottled. Coconuts for drinking
are served fresh, chilled or packaged in
many places. They are often sold by street
vendors who cut them open with machetes or
similar implements in front of customers.
Processed coconut water for retail can be
found in ordinary cans, Tetra Paks, or
plastic bottles, sometimes with coconut pulp
or coconut jelly included. Coconut water can
be fermented to produce coconut vinegar. It
is also used to make nata de coco, a jelly-
like food. Bottled coconut water has a shell
life of 24 months. In recent years, coconut
water has been marketed as a natural energy
or sports drink having low levels of fat,
carbohydrates, and calories, and significant
electrolyte content. Marketers have also
promoted coconut water for having low levels
of fat, carbohydrates, and calories.
However, marketing claims attributing
tremendous health benefits to coconut water
are largely unfounded. Unless the coconut
has been damaged, it is likely sterile.
There is a single documented case where
coconut water has been used as an
intravenous hydration fluid when medical
saline was unavailable. Although this is not
generally recommended by most physicians
today, it was a common practice during the
Khmer Rouge regime in Cambodia from 1975 to
1979. Coconut water has long been a popular
drink in the tropics, especially in India,
Brazilian Coast, Southeast Asia, Pacific
Islands, Africa, and the Caribbean, where it
is available fresh, canned, or bottled. In
the Philippines, it is known as ‘buko’.

Medical Use
It is said, albeit quite incorrectly, that
coconut water is identical to human plasma
and can be injected directly into the human
bloodstream. The story has its origin from
World War II where British and Japanese
patients were given coconut water
intravenously in an emergency because saline
was unavailable. Since then, this
rehydration technique has been used only for
short-term emergency situations in remote
locations where plasma is not available.
Although substituting coconut water for
saline is not recommended by physicians
today, it was a common practice during the
Khmer Rouge regime in Cambodia from 1975 to
1979.
The Documentation Center of Cambodia cited
the practice of allowing untrained nurses to
administer green coconut water during the
Pol Pot regime as a crime against humanity.

Health Benefits
Coconut water is a very refreshing drink to
beat
tropical summer thirst. Its liquid is
packed with simple sugars,
electrolytes, and minerals to replenish
dehydration within the human body.

Research studies suggest that cytokinins

(e.g.,kinetin
and transzeatin) in coconut water found to
have
significant anti-ageing ,anti-carcinogenic,
and antithrombotic (anti-clot formation)
effects.
Coconut water is composed of many naturally
occurring bioactive enzymes such as acid
phosphatase, catalase, dehydrogenase,
diastase, peroxidase, rna-polymerases etc.
In effect, these enzymes help in the
digestion and metabolism.
Despite being very light in consistency,
its water has
 proportionately better composition of
minerals like
calcium, iron, manganese, magnesium and
zinc than
some of the fruit juices like oranges.
Its liquid is also a very good source of B-
complex
vitamins such as riboflavin, niacin,
thiamin, pyridoxine, and folates,these
vitamins are essential in the sense that
the human body requires them from external

sources to replenish.


Coconut water contains very good amount of

electrolyte potassium.100ml of water has
250mg of
potassium and 105mg of sodium. Together,
these
electrolytes help replenish electrolyte
deficiency in the body due to diarrhea
(loose stools).
Further, fresh coconut water has a small
amount of
vitamin-C (Ascorbic Acid); It provides
about 2.4mg or 4% of RDA. Vitamin C is a
water-soluble antioxidant.

AIM
 TO ANALYSE FOR THE PRESENCE OF
CATIONS, ANIONS AND FOOD STUFFS
PRESENT IN COCONUT WATER

REQUIREMENTS
 Coconut Water
 Ferrous sulphate solution
 Concentrated sulphuric acid
 Lead acetate solution
 Silver nitrate solution
 Ammonium molybdate
 Concentrated nitric acid
 Potassium dichromate
 Sodium hydroxide solution
 Methylene blue
 Benedict’s solution
 Copper sulphate solution
 Sodium cobaltite solution
 Disodium hydrogen phosphate
 Ammonium chloride
 Ammonium carbonate
 Potassium pyro antimonite

WET TEST FOR BASIC RADICALS

 EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
Sodium
Potassium
pyroaluminate is White milkiness Na+ is confirmed.
added to coconut is observed.
water.

Potassium
Freshly prepared Yellow precipitate
sodium salt is observed. K+ is
confirmed.

Magnesium
Add a pinch of
magnesium White precipitate Mg2+ is
chloride, a few is formed. present.
drops of
ammonium
phosphate
solution to
coconut water.

Calcium
Add solid ammonium A white Ca2+ is
chloride, ammonium present.
precipitate
hydroxide and
is formed
ammonium carbonate
to coconut water
and ammonium
oxalate solution.
 A white
precipitate is
formed.

Ca2+ is present.
WET TEST FOR ACID RADICALS
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
Chloride
Silver nitrate
test:-
Add conc.Nitric acid A white Cl- may be
and silver nitrate precipitate present
solution. is formed.
Chromyl chloride
test:- Cl- is present
Mix a small quantity A Yellow -
of the salt with a precipitate is confirmed.
small amount of Formed.
powdered
Potassium
dichromate. Take a
mixture in test
tube and add conc.
Sulphuric acid Heat
the tube and pass
the red
vapours evolved into
a gas detector
containing
sodium hydroxide
solution. To the
yellow thus obtained
add dil.
Acetic acid lead
acetate solution.
Oxalate ion
Add calcium chloride A white Oxalate ion is
and precipitate present.
acetic acid to the is obtained.
coconut water.
Nitrate
Copper chips
test:- Dark brown fumes NO3- ion may be
Heat a small are evolved. Present.
quantity of
coconut water with
conc.
Sulphuric acid and A dark brown ring
few copper chips. forms.
NO3- is
Brown ring test:- present.
Add a small quantity
of freshly prepared
solution
ferrous sulphate to
a part of the
aqueous solution
and then pour conc.
Sulphuric acid
slowly along the
sides of the
test tube.
Phosphate
Ammonium molybdate
test: Add conc. Yellow Phosphate ion
Nitric acid to precipitate is is present
coconut water and formed
boil then add
ammonium molybdate
solution to it.

TEST FOR THE PRESENCE OF

FOOD STUFF
Sr.No. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1. Benedict’s
test;- No precipitate Reducing
Benedict’s
is sugar is
solution is
Observed absent
added to 5ml of
coconut water and
heated in water
2. bath
for 5 minutes

Methylene Blue
test;-
No Reducing
1-2 drops of
decolourization sugar is
methylene blue is
4. on is observed absent.
added to coconut
Water.

CuSO4+NaOH
Test:-
 Copper sulphate
and
NaOH is added to
Coconut water

A blue Proteins and

precipitate is fats are
obtained present

OBSERVATION
A) The pure sample of coconut water contains
respective ions:-
1. Chloride
2. Nitrate
3. Phosphate
4. Dichromate
5. Zinc
6. Magnesium
7. Potassium
8. Calcium
9. Sodium

B) The pure sample of coconut water is acidic in

nature.
C) The pure sample of coconut water contains
starch, oils and fats.

PRECAUTIONS
  Concentrated solutions should be handled
with immense care.
 Hands should be washed thoroughly after
performing each experiment.
 If chemicals come into contact with your
skin or eyes, flush immediately with
copious.
 Never leave burners unattended. Turn them
off whenever you leave your workstation.
 Never point a test tube or any vessel that
you are heating at yourself or your
neighbour.
 The experiments should be conducted at room
temperature.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
To complete this project I have taken help from
the following books and websites:-
1. www.google.com
2. www.wikipedia.com
3. Comprehensive Chemistry Class XII
4. Comprehensive Practical Chemistry Class XII
5. Morden’s ABC+, Nytra class XII