Name: Redulla, Alan Roy J.

Section: 3-A

Course: ME 317 Heat Transfer

Title: Heat Conduction Problems: Composite Walls

ASSIGNMENT NO. 4

BTU
1. Problem: The wall of a furnace is made up of 9 in firebrick (k=0.72 ), 5 in of
hr−ft−° F
BTU BTU
insulating brick (k=0.08 ), and 7.5 in of red brick (k=0.5 ). The inner
hr−ft−° F hr−ft−° F
and outer surface temperatures t1 and t4 of the wall are 1,500 °F and 150 °F respectively.
Neglecting the resistance of the mortar joints, compute the rate of heat flow through 1 m2 of
BTU
the wall in .
hr

Given:

t1 = 1,500 °F t4 = 150 °F A = 1 m2

Firebrick (1) Insulating Brick (2) Red Brick (3)

3 5 5
x1 = 9 in ¿ = ft x2 = 5 in ¿ = ft x3 = 7.5 in ¿ = ft
4 12 8
BTU BTU BTU
k1 = 0.72 k2 = 0.08 ), k3 = 0.5
hr−ft−° F hr−ft−° F hr−ft−° F

BTU
Required: Q̇ (in )
hr

Diagram:

x1 x2 x3
k1 k2 k3
 T1 T2 T3 T4

Solution:

∆T ∆T
∆T
3
x x1 x2 x 3 Q̇= Q̇=
Q̇= R =∑ x1 x2 x3 1 x 1 x2 x3
= + +
Rtotal total 1 kA k 1 A k 2 A k 3 A + +
k1 A k2 A k3 A
+ +
A k1 k 2 k3 ( )
10.7639 ft 2 (
(1 m2 )( ) 1500−150 ) ℉
A ∆T 1 m2
Q̇= Q̇=
x 1 x 2 x3 3 5 5
ft ft ft
( + +
k1 k 2 k3)
( 0.72
4
BTU
hr−ft−℉
+
0.08
12
BTU
hr−ft−℉
+
0.5
8
BTU
hr−ft−℉
)
BTU BTU
Q̇=1 , 937.502 Q̇=1 , 937.50
hr hr

2. Problem: A pipe with an outside diameter of 2.5 in is insulated with a 2 in layer of asbestos
BTU −¿ BTU −¿
(k=0.396 2 ), followed by a layer of cork 1.5 in thick (k=0.30 ). If the
hr−ft −° F hr−ft 2−° F
 BTU
temperature of the outer surface of the cork is 90 °F, calculate the heat loss in per
hr
328.1 meters of insulated pipe.

Given:

∆T = 90 °F Pipe

L = 328.1 m d = 2.5 in

r1 = 1.25 in

Asbestos (1) Cork (2)

x1 = 2 in x2 = 1.5 in

r2 = 2 in + 1.25 in = 3.25 in r3 = 1.5 in + 3.25 in = 4.75 in

BTU −¿ BTU −¿
k1 = 0.396 k2 = 0.30
hr−ft 2−° F hr−ft 2−° F

BTU
Required: Q̇ (in ) (per pipe length)
hr

Diagram:

r1 r2

T1 T2 T3

r3

x1 k 1

x2 k 2

Solution:
 ∆T ∆T
r2 r 3 Q̇= Q̇=
( ) ( )
ln ln
( ) ( )r r r2
( ) ( ) r3
Q̇=
∆T
R =
r1
+
r2
Rcyl (total ) cyl ( total ) 2 π k 1 L 2 π k 2 L
ln 2
r1
+
ln 3
r2
2 π k1 L 2 π k2 L
1
(
2 πL
ln
r1
k1
+
ln
r2
k2 )
90 ℉
Q̇= BTU BTU
1 Q̇=13 , 792.26712 Q̇=13 , 792.27 ( per pipelength)
¿ hr hr
2 π ( 328.1m ) ¿ ¿

3. Problem: One insulated wall of a cold-storage compartment is 8 m long by 2.5 m high and
W
consists of an outer steel plate (k=45 ) 18 mm thick and an inner wood wall (k=0.18
m−K
W
) 22.5 mm thick. The steel and the wood are 90 mm apart to form a cavity which is
m−K
W
filled with cork (k=0.045 ). If the temperature drop across the extreme faces of the
m−K
kJ
composite wall is 15 °C, calculate the heat transfer rate in through the wall and the
hr
temperature drop across the thickness of the cork in °C.

Given:
∆T = 15 °C = 15 K

L=8m A = L × H=8 m ×2.5 m=20 m2

H = 2.5 m

Steel Plate (1) Cork (2)

x1 = 18 mm ( 10001mmm ) = 0.018 m x2 = 90 mm ( 10001mmm ) = 0.09 m

W W
k1 = 45 k2 = 0.045
m−K m−K

Wood (3)

x3 = 22.5 mm ( 10001mmm ) = 0.0225 m

W
k3 = 0.18
m−K

kJ
Required: Q̇ (in ); ∆Tcork (in °C)
hr

Diagram:

x1 x2 x3
k1 k2 k3

t1 t2 t3 t4

Solution:
 ∆T ∆T
∆T
3
x x1 x2 x 3 Q̇= Q̇=
Q̇= R =∑ x1 x2 x3 1 x 1 x2 x3
= + +
Rtotal total 1 kA k 1 A k 2 A k 3 A + +
k1 A k2 A k3 A
+ +
A k1 k 2 k3 ( )
A ∆T ( 20 m2 ) ( 15 K )
Q̇= Q̇=
x 1 x 2 x3 0.018 m 0.09 m 0.0225 m
( + +
k1 k 2 k3 )
45
W
m−K
( +
0.045
m−K
W
+
0.18
W
m−K
)
Q̇=141.1499012 W

Q̇=141.1499012 W ( 3.61kJW/hr )Q̇=508.1396443 kJhr Q̇=508.1 4 kJhr

( 141.1499012W ) ( 0.09 m )
Q̇ x 2 ∆ T cork =
∆ T cork =Q̇ R2∆ T cork = W ∆ T cork =14.11499012 K
k2 A ( 0.045
m−K )
( 20 m2 )
∆ T cork =14.11499012 ℃∆ T cork =14.11 ℃

W
4. Problem: A furnace wall consists of 35 cm firebrick (k=1.557 ), 12 cm insulating
m−K
W W
refractory (k=0.346 ), and a 20 cm common brick (k=0.692 ), covered with 7 cm
m−K m−K
W
steel plate (k=45 ). The temperature at the inner surface of the firebrick is 1,230 °C
m−K
and the outer face of the steel plate is 60 °C. Atmospheric temperature is 27 °C. What is the
value of the combined coefficient for convection and radiation from the outside wall in
W
2 .
m −K

Given:

t1 = 1,230 °C

t5 = 60 °C

t0 = 27 °C
Firebrick (1) Common Brick (3)

x1 = 35 cm ( 1 001 mcm ) = 0.35 m x3 = 20 cm ( 1001 mcm ) = 0.2 m

W W
k1 = 1.557 k3 = 0.692
m−K m−K

Insulating Refractory (2) Steel Plate (4)

x2 = 12 cm ( 1001 mcm ) = 0.12 m x4 = 7 cm ( 1001 mcm ) = 0.07 m

W W
k2 = 0.346 k4 =45
m−K m−K

W
Required: hcombined (in 2 )
m −K
Diagram:
Q

x1 x2 x3 x4 T0
k1 k2 k3 k4 (surrounding)

hconv + hrad
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5

Solution:
 ∆T
∆T
4
x x1 x2 x3 x 4 Q̇=
Q̇= R =∑ = + + + x1 x2 x3 x4
Rtotal total 1 kA k 1 A k 2 A k 3 A k 4 A + + +
k1 A k2 A k3 A k4 A

∆T Q̇ ∆T
Q̇= =
1 x1 x2 x3 x4 A x1 x 2 x 3 x 4
(
+ + +
A k1 k 2 k3 k4 A ) (
+ + +
k1 k2 k3 k 4 )
Q̇ ( 1230−60 ) K
=
A 0.35 m 0.12 m 0.2 m 0.07 m Q̇ =1357.017391 W

( 1.557
W
m−K
+
0.346
W
m−K
+
0.692
W
m−K
+
45
W
m−K
A
) m2

Q̇
Q̇ Q̇5 −0 A
= =hcombined ∆T 5−0=hcombined ( T 5−T 0 ) hcombined =hco nv +hrad h
A A combined =
( T 5−T 0 )
W
1357.017391 W W
m2 h combined =41.12173912 2
h combined =41.12 2
h combined = m −K m −K
( 60−27 ) K