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Chapter 1 - Systems of Linear Equations and Inequalities
Chapter 1 - Systems of Linear Equations and Inequalities
Chapter 1 - Systems of Linear Equations and Inequalities
X=1
Y=-2
Z=-2
since it makes all three equations valid. The word "system" indicates that the equations
are to be considered collectively, rather than individually.
1
If a consistent system has an infinite number of solutions, it is dependent. When you
graph the equations, both equations represent the same line.
If a system has no solution, it is said to be inconsistent. The graphs of the lines do not
intersect, so the graphs are parallel and there is no solution.
Examples:
Example
Problem Using the graph of y = x and x + 2y = 6, shown
below, determine how many solutions the system
has. Then classify the system as consistent or
inconsistent and the equations as dependent or
independent.
The lines intersect
at one point. So the
two lines have only
one point in
common, there is
only one solution to
the system.
Answer: The system is consistent and the equations
are independent. Because the lines
are not the same
the equations are
independent.
Because there is
just one solution,
this system is
consistent.
2
Advanced Example
Problem Using the graph of y = 3.5x + 0.25 and 14x – 4y = -4.5, shown below,
determine how many solutions the system has. Then classify the system
as consistent or inconsistent and the equations as dependent or
independent.
The lines are parallel,
meaning they do not
intersect. There are no
solutions a
Graphing tosystem
the system.
of
equations for a real-world
The lines
context are
can benot the same,
valuable
in the equations are
visualizing the problem.
independent.
Let’s look at a couple of
examples.
There are no solutions.
Therefore, this system is
inconsistent.
Example
Problem In yesterday’s basketball game, Cheryl scored 17 points with a
Answer: The system is
combination of 2-point and 3-point baskets. The number of 2-point shots
inconsistent and the
she made was one greater than the number of 3-point shots she made.
equations
How many of each type of basket did she score? are independent.
3
Graph both equations on the
same axes.
The two lines intersect, so they
have only one point in common.
That means there is only one
solution to the system.
The point of intersection appears to be (4, Read the point of intersection
3). from the graph.
Example
Problem Andres was trying to decide which of two mobile phone plans he
should buy. One plan, TalkALot, charged a flat fee of $15 per month
for unlimited minutes. Another plan, FriendFone, charged a monthly
fee of $5 in addition to charging 20¢ per minute for calls.
To examine the difference in plans, he made a graph:
4
If he plans to talk on the phone for about 70 minutes per month,
which plan should he purchase?
Look at the graph. TalkALot is
represented as y = 15, while
FriendFone is represented as
y = 0.2x + 5.
The number of minutes is listed on
the x-axis. When x = 70, TalkALot
costs $15, while FriendFone costs
about $19.
Answer Andres should buy theTalkALot Since TalkALot costs less at 70
plan. minutes, Andres should buy that
plan.
Solve each of
the following
equations.
5
Use the graph shown to determine whether each system is consistent or inconsistent
and if it is independent or dependent.
1. y = −3x + 1; y = 3x + 1
2. y = 3x + 1; y = x – 3
3. y = x – 3; y = x + 3
4. y = x + 3 ; x − y = −3
5. x − y = −3; y = −3x + 1
6. y = −3x + 1; y = x – 3
Word Problem
6
a. Graph each equation.
b. In which year did digital camera sales surpass film camera sales?
d. What are the domain and range of each of the functions in this situation?