LESSON 3: PERCENTAGE

Percents are used to calculate tax, tips, and even test grades. This chapter will teach
the meaning of a percent, and how to convert between fractions, decimals, and percents. It
will also explain how to calculate percents; that is, how to find the percent of a number.
This lesson is broken down into parts. The first section will explain what the term
"percent" means. It will also explain how to convert percents to decimals, and vice versa, as
well as how to convert percents to fractions, and vice versa. At the end of this lesson, you
will know how to convert percentages.

At the end of the lesson, the student will be able to:

 define percentage.
 Illustrate and solve involving percentage and;
 cite examples involving percentage in real life problems.

Decimal number- can be defined as a number whose whole number part and the
fractional part is separated by a decimal point.
Percentage- is a number or ratio that represents a fraction of 100. It is often denoted by
the symbol "%" or simply as "percent" or "pct." For example, 35% is equivalent
to the decimal 0.35, or the fraction. 35. 100.

1. What is 80% of 43? ________

2. 75% of 134 is what number? ________
3. 10% of what number is 10? ________
4. 13 is 90% of what number? ________
5. 120 what percent of 130? ________

The term “percent” is reckoned on the

basis of a whole divided into 100 parts or in the hundred. Earlier, it was “per cent”
from per +Latin “centum hundred”. More at hundred. Literally, it means ‘by, or, on
the hundred. Instead of saying hundredths, we use the term “per cent” giving the
symbol of 100 to%.
Finding the percentage

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 Percentage is obtained by multiplying a number by a percent. The formula for computing
the percentage is
P=B×R
where P is the percentage given as a part of the base or part of the total;
B is the base given as the total; and
R is the rate given as a percent or a decimal.
Example 1:
a. What is 80% of 50?
P=B × R
50× 0.80 = 40
b. 60% of 150 is what number?
P=B × R
150 × 0.60 =90
The concept of percentage can be applied to solve different real-life problems. Study the
following examples.
Examples 1:
Faye is planning to buy a new car through an auto loan financing scheme. To avail of a
lower monthly amortization, she must pay 30% of the purchase price of P648,000 as down
payment. How much should she save for the down payment of her car?
Solution:
Downpayment = Purchase Price × Rate
= P 648,000 × 0.30
= P 194,400
Faye should save P194 400.00 for the down payment of her car.
Examples 2
How much value added tax woud you pay for a phone bill amounting to P474.97
How much would be your total payment after applying 12% VAT?

Solution:
VAT = Phone Bill × Tax rate
=P474.97 × 0.12 = P56.9964

Finding the Base

To find the base, simply divide the percentage by the rate.
P
B=
R
Example 1
a. 20% of what number is 12?
P
B=
R
12
=60
0.20

b. 225 is 90% of what number?

P
B=
R
225
=250
0.90

Example 1:

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 If the computed tax on excess of P140,000 taxable income at 25% is P15,000, how uch
was the amount in excess of P140,000 that was subjected to tax of 25%?

Solution:
Computed Tax= Excess of P140,000 × Rate
Computed tax P 15,000
Excess of P140,000 = =
rate 0.25
= P60,000
The amount in excess of P140,000 that was subjected to 25% tax is P60,000.00

Example 2:
Bad debts ( or parts of a loan or accounts receivable that are considered uncollectable) are
estimated at 2% of the accounts receivable ( or amount to be collected from a customer). If the
bad debts expense to be charged is P1 480, how much was the company’s accounts receivable?
Solution:
Bad debt expense = Accounts Receivable × Rate
Bad debt Expense P 1 480
Accounts Receivable = =
Rate 0.02
= P 74,000
The company’s accounts receivable is P74,000
Rate
The term “rate” is synonymous with grade or quality. It is literally the amount that is
paid, a price to be paid that is set according to a scale or standard, a charge, payment, unit or
ratio used in assessing property taxes, etc.
To find the rate
To find the rate, simply divide the percentage by the base.
P
R=
B
Example 1:
a. What percent of 60 is 40?
P
R=
B
40 40 2
= = = 0.666́ =66.6́ %
60 60 3
b. 120 is what percent of 150?
P
R=
B
4
=0.8=80 %
5

Example 2:
The marked price of an item was P790. The store offered P200 off on the item. What was
the rate of the discount?
Solution:
Discount = Marked Price× Rate of Discount
Discount P 200
Rate of Discount = =
Marked Price P 790
= 0.2532 or 25.32%

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 the discount rate is 25.32%

TEST I. ( 2 points each)

1. What is 90% of 40?
2. 51% of 152 is what number?
3. What is 55% of 2?
4. 20% of what number is 10?
5. 215 is 90% of what number?
6. 19% of what number is 5?
7. What percent of 63 is 35?
8. 125 is what percent of 140?
9. What is 10% of 30?
10. What is 35% of 55?
TEST II.
1. Your electric bill indicates the breakdown of electric charges. You
would like to know what percent each bill subgroup contributes to the
total amount due on your electric bill. Compute the percent for each
electric bill subgroup. What are top three contributing factors to your
total electric bill? ( 3 points each)

Bill Subgroup Subtotal (in pesos) Percent (converted)

Generation 933.00
Transmission 786.34
System Loss 567.20
Distribution 435.00
Subsidies 154.23
Government 256.24
Taxes
Universal 278.60
Charges
FIT-ALL 232.23
(Renewable)
Total Amount 235.67
Due

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Answer the following problems.
1. The Philippine population is composed of 18 493 668 males and 17 753 359
females with ages 0 to 14 years old. How many percent of the population
with ages 0 to 14 are male?

Solution:

2. The total land area of earth’s surface is estimated at 148 647 000 square
kilometers (km2). This is about 29.1% of the total surface area of Earth. What
is the total surface area of earth?

Solution:

3. A car dealer offers a low down payment of P100,200 for a new car with free
insurance and free car registration. If the down payment is 15% of the
purchase price of the car, how much is the purchase price of the new car?

Solution:

4. Mercy works part-time as a real estate agent and receives a commission rate
of 5%. If she was able to sell a townhouse unit worth P1 865 900, how much
is her commission?

Solution:

5. You took advantage of the discount of 20% being offered by an appliance

center. You purchased a smart TV worth P300,000. How much was the
discounted price of the TV?
Solution:

REFERENCE:
Agcaoli, Zenaida A., et Al. Business Operations: Mathematics of investments.
Philippines: Mutya Publishing House, 2001
Picar, J . Worktext in General Mathematics for Grade 11: A Comprehensive Approach:
Dioscesan Printing Press and Publishing Inc.

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