Basic BJT Operation

 In order for a BJT to operate properly as an amplifier, the two pn junctions must be
correctly biased with external dc voltages.

 The operation of the pnp is the same as for the npn except that the roles of the electrons
and holes, the bias voltage polarities, and the current directions are all reversed.

Biasing

 A bias arrangement for both npn and pnp BJTs for operation as an amplifier.

BJT Action

 Most of the electrons flowing from the emitter into the thin. lightly doped base region do
not recombine but diffuse into the BC depletion region.

 Once in this region they are pulled through the reverse biased BC junction by the electric
field set up by the force of attraction between the positive and negative ions.

 The electrons now move through the collector region, out through the collector lead, and
into the positive terminal of the collector voltage source.

 The electrons now move through the collector region, out through the collector lead, and
into the positive terminal of the collector voltage source.

 This forms the collector electron current.

 The collector current is much larger than the base current.

 This is the reason transistors exhibit current gain