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การฟื้นฟูดินโดยวิธีทางชีวภาพ PDF
การฟื้นฟูดินโดยวิธีทางชีวภาพ PDF
of contaminated soil
¾ Process description
¾ In situ vs ex situ bioremediation
¾ Intrinsic biodegradation
¾ Engineered (enhanced) bioremediation
¾ slurry-phase, solid-phase
¾ Integration of bioremediation with other technologies
Bioremediation : Definition
www.integraenvironmental.com/ bioreovernew.htm
Bioremediation
1. Enzyme released by microbe break the contaminant
down into digestible pieces.
2. The contaminant is metabolized by the cell for
carbon and/ or energy.
3. Harmless biological wastes are all that remain of the
contaminant
New cell
b o n
c ar
organic energy
contaminant elec
tron electron
s acceptor
www.integraenvironmental.com/ bioreovernew.htm e.g. O2
US EPA pollutant categories for
bioremediation
Organic solvents
Halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons
PAH wastes (coal tars, creosotes)
Pesticides
Munitions
Metals (special case)
Basic information of bioremediation
Bioremediation is viewed as a green technology
Aerobic
Oxygen serves as a terminal electron acceptor
Degradation of most organic compounds is aerobic
Petroleum hydrocarbons
Most chlorinated pesticides
Some chlorinated solvents
Faster degradation than under anaerobic conditions
Basic information of bioremediation
Anaerobic
Complicating factors
ex situ
excavation of contaminated soil
controlled and optimized
Treatability Test
Microbiological techniques
Biochemical techniques
Molecular techniques
Microcosm studies
Lab scale
Pilot scale
Natural Attenuation vs Intrinsic
Biodegradation
Intrinsic Biodegradation
¾ An option when the naturally occurring rate of
contaminant biodegradation is faster than the rate of
contaminant migration.
Solid phase
Biopile
Land farming
(www.epa.gov)
Landfarming
Landfarming has been proven effective in reducing
concentrations of nearly all the constituents of petroleum
products
Lighter (more volatile) petroleum products (e.g., gasoline)
evaporation > microbial respiration
The mid-range hydrocarbon products (e.g., diesel fuel,
kerosene)
biodegradation > evaporation
Heavier (non-volatile) petroleum products (e.g., heating oil,
lubricating oils)
biodegradation ( minimal evaporation)
Typical biopile operation
(www.epa.gov)
Tanked base Bioslurry
Slurry phase biological treatment
A site can be especially amenable to remediation by slurry-
phase biotechnology if:
the amount of available land for other technologies is
limited,
the soil or sludge is only contaminated with organic
biodegradable compounds,
the soil or sludge is not sterile,
the contaminating materials are soluble,
Slurry phase biological treatment
the contaminating materials are soluble,
the remediation project is schedule-driven,
a slurry evaluation test shows that the soil or sludge can
produce a pumpable. suspendable slurry, and/or
the solid matrix is either of such a consistency that it can
produce a slurry without any treatment
Integration of Bioremediation with
other technologies
frequently combined with nonbiological treatment
technologies, both sequentially and simultaneously.