The p-Block Elements
N exhibits +5 oxidation state, but not form NCl5
PH3 has lower boiling point than NH3. Why?
BiH3 is strongest reducing agent amongst the hydrides
Why does NH3 act as a Lewis base ?
Why does NO2 dimerise ?
What is the covalence of nitrogen in N2O5 ?
Bond angle in PH4+ is higher than that in PH3. Why?
Why does PCl3 fume in moisture ?
What is the basicity of H3PO4 and H3PO3
Nitrogen as diatomic molecule and phosphorus as P4.
Differences between white P and red P
Can PCl5 act as an oxidising & reducing agent? Justify.
H2S is less acidic than H2Te. Why?
Order of thermal stability of the hydrides of Group-16
Why is H2O a liquid and H2S a gas ?
Why does O3 act as a powerful oxidising agent
How is the presence of SO2 detected ?
Why is dioxygen a gas but sulphur a solid?
How is SO2 an air pollutant?
Halogens have maximum negative electron gain enthalpy
Fluorine is a stronger oxidising agent than chlorine. Why?
Give the reason for bleaching action of Cl2.
Why is ICl more reactive than I2?
Why are halogens strong oxidising agents?
Explain why fluorine forms only one oxoacid, HOF.
Oxygen forms hydrogen bonding while chlorine does not.
Why are halogens coloured?
Noble gases have very low boiling points. Why?
Does the hydrolysis of XeF6 lead to a redox reaction?
Why is helium used in diving apparatus?
Why do noble gases have large atomic sizes?
F2, Cl2, Br2, I2 - increasing bond dissociation enthalpy.
HF, HCl, HBr, HI - increasing acid strength.
NH3, PH3, AsH3, SbH3, BiH3 – increasing base strength.
Among (i) XeOF4 (ii) NeF2 (iii) XeF2 (iv) XeF6
2+
How does ammonia react with a solution of Cu ?
White P is heated with conc NaOH soln in CO2 ?
PCl5 is heated
PCl5 wiyh heavy water
What happens when H3PO3 is heated?
SO2 is passed through an aq sol of Fe3+
Cl2 with hot and conc NaOH.
NaCl is heated with H2SO4 in the presence of MnO2.
N does not have d orbitals to expand its covalence beyond 4
NH3 forms H-bonding
Unstable
Lone pair of electrons on N
It has odd electrons.
4
Lone pair-bond pair repulsion in PH4+
PCl3 +3H2O→H3PO3 +3HCl (fumes)
3 and 2 respectively
N form pπ–pπ bond resulting into N≡N.
White P: white waxy/poisonous/ soluble in CS2/ reactive
No, P is in highest oxidation state +5.
Te–H bond is weak
H2O>H2S>H2Se>H2Te>H2Po
H-bonding in H2O
O3 gives nascent oxygen
It decolourises acidified KMnO4
O can form pi bond,exists as discrete O2 molecule, so it is gas.
It causes acid rain
Small size
Weak F-F bond & high hydration enthalpy of F–
Cl2 + H2O  2HCl +O , Coloured substance + O  Colourless
I-Cl bond is weaker than I-I bond
Low bond disso energy, high EN and large negative ∆egH
High electronegativity and absence of d-orbitals
Large size of Cl
Absorb light in visible region
Weak dispersion force only
No, oxidation state of Xe remains unchanged
Due to its low solubility in blood
They have onle van der Waals radii which is longer
I2< F2 <Br2 <Cl2,
HF<HCl<HBr<HI
BiH3 < SbH3< AsH3,< PH3,< NH3,
NeF2 does not exist.
Reactions
Cu2+ (blue) + 4 NH3(aq)  [Cu(NH3)4]2+(aq) (deep blue)
P4+3NaOH+3H2O PH3+3NaH2PO2 sodium hypophosphite
PCl5 → PCl3 + Cl2
PCl5 + D2O → POCl3 + 2DCl
4H3PO3 → 3H3PO4 + PH3 (disproportionation)
2Fe3+ + SO2 + H2O  2Fe2+ + SO42- + 4H+
3Cl2 + 6NaOH → 5NaCl + NaClO3 + 3H2O (disproportionation)
4NaCl +MnO2 + 4H2SO4  MnCl2 + 4NaHSO4 + Cl2 + H2O
 Structures

Ammonia(NH3) White Phosphorus Red Phosphorus Phosphorus trichloride(PCl 3)

HOClO HOClO2 HOClO3 XeF4

XeF6 XeOF4 XeO3