Module 2: Introduction to the Information Communication Technology

Overview:
This module provides an overview about evolution of webs, different online systems,
functions and platform. It also discusses the latest trends in technology

Module Objectives:

After successfully completing this module you should be able to:

 Discuss the evolution of Webs;
 Identify different online systems, functions and platforms;
 Research latest trends in Technology

Course Materials:

THE CURRENT STATE OF ICT TECHNOLOGIES

Information means many things to people. Depending on the context. Scientifically, information is
a processed data. Information can also be loosely defined as that which aids decision making.
Information, though abstract, could also be visualized as a commodity, which could be or solid.
Any potentially useful fact, quantity or value that can be expressed uniquely with exactness.
Information is whatever is capable of causing a human mid to change its opinion about the current
state of the world.

Communication - refers to the transfer or exchange of information from person to person or from
one place to another. When action produce a reaction, whether positive or negative,
communication has taken place. Other writers in the field of communication studies have defined
communication as: process: a transfer of information, ideas, thoughts and messages. It involves
a sender, a receiver, a code and a language that is understood by both the sender and receiver.

Technology - refers to the use of scientific knowledge to invent tools that assist human beings in
their efforts to overcome environmental hazards and impediments to comfort. In this regard,
technology refers to the things like computer, telephone, cell phone, GSM handsets, television,
radio, etc.

Put together, therefore, ICT has been defined as:

The acquisition, analysis, manipulation, storage and distribution of information; and the design
and provision of equipment and software.
BASIC TERMINOLOGIES IN ICT

BROWSER is also known as Web browser. A client software program that runs against a Web
server or other Internet server and enables a user to navigate the World Wide Web (WWW) to
access and display data.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE is the development of computer systems able to perform tasks

that normally require human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition,
decision-making, and translation between languages.

SERVER COMPUTER is a compute program tah provides service to other computer programs
in the same or ather computers.

INTERFACE is a boundary across which two independent systems meet and act on or
communicate with each other.

CLIENT in the SAP landscape, a client is an entity with independent information and data. The
SAP client concept is based on the fact that an application service provider (ASP) must provide
and administer all resources at a minimal cost, which is quite challenging in a multiple customer-
client environment.

WE B 2 . 0

Web 2.0 describes World Wide Web sites that emphasize user-generated content, usability, and
interoperability. The term was popularized by Tim O’Reilly and Dale Dougherty at the O’Reilly
Media

Web 2.0 Conference in late 2004, though it was coined by Darcy DiNucci in 1999.eb 2.0 changes
us frompassive to active information consumers, allowing our online voice to be part of the
conversation.

Web 2.0 and higher education: changing approaches to learning and teaching
Web2.0 trends in distance education, globalization, digital literacy skills, and collective intelligence
are now driving the restructuring of academic programs

 It is a platform that give users the possibility to control their data.

 This is about user – generated content and the read-write web.
 Everyone can be content producer.

FEATURES OF WEB 2.0

1. Folksonomy – allows users to categorize and classify/arrange information using freely chosen
keywords (e.g. tagging). Popular networking sites such as Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, etc. use
tags that start with the pound sign (#). This is also referred to as hashtag.

2. Rich User Experience – content is dynamic and is responsive to user’s input. An example would
be a website that shows local content. In the case of social networking sites, when logged on,
your account is used to modify what you see in their website.
3. User Participation – the owner of the website is not the only one who is able to put content.
Others are able to place a content of their own by means of comments, reviews, and evaluation.
Some websites allow readers to comment on an article, participate in a poll, or review a specific
product (e.g. Amazon.com, online stores).

4. Long Tail – services that are offered on demand rather than a one-time purchase. In certain
cases, time-based pricing is better than file-size pricing or vice-versa. This is synonymous to
subscribing to a data plan that charges you for the amount of time you spent in the Internet, or a
data plan that charges you for the amount of bandwidth you used.

5. Software as a Service – users will subscribe to a software only when needed rather than
purchasing them. This is a cheaper option if you do not always need to use a software. For
instance, Google Docs is a free web-based application that allows the user to create an edit word
processing and spreadsheet documents online. When you need a software, like a Word
Processor, you can purchase it for a one-time huge amount and install it in your computer and it
is yours forever. Software as a service allows you to “rent” a software for a minimal fee.
Mass Participation – diverse information sharing through universal web access. Since most users
can use the internet, Web 2.0’s content is based on people from various cultures.

Example of Web 2.0 – Blog / wikis, Social network, Yahoo, Youtube

WE B 3 . 0

The internet, Web 1.0, is so incredibly powerful that even now, almost 20 years later, we have
only begun to explore its potential. Web 2.0, with its YouTube, Facebook, Flickr and blogs galore
is even younger and shows even more potential.

Web 3.0, offers a more interesting and appropriate theoretical grounding for understanding its
particularities.

Example, you want to watch a movie and grab something to eat then you turned on your
laptop and open a web Browser. You go to the Google page and perform a search for movie
theatres, movies, and restaurants then find out which are good action movies to watch also which
movie theatre playing those movies. Next you spend time reviewing descriptions of the films
before deciding your choice; also you research on which Italian restaurants are there near the
movie theatres then you also check the reviews of the places. You may have visit about 20 sites
before you are ready to head out and you have spent half an hour doing the planning. This is how
things work today in a Web 2.0 world.

Experts believed that the next generation of the Web will change how things work. Web
3.0 will make search task faster and easier and on top of that it will make searches more
personalized. In a Web 3.0 world instead of performing multiple searches you would simply type
a complex sentence or two and the Web 3.0 browser will do the rest.

For example you could enter “I want to watch an action movie and want to have dinner at
an Italian Restaurant” The web 3.0 browsers will display results for you and it will act as a personal
assistant. As you use the browser to perform searches it learns your interests and the more you
use it the more it learns about you. With time you can be less specific with your questions and
eventually you can ask open questions, for example; “where should I go for the evening?’ the
browser will analyze the database, consider your current location, and provide its suggestions.
 Basically in Web 2.0 browser, the user is the one who produces the content; it is a two
way communication, you as the user and the one who posted the content while in Web 3.0
browser the browser itself is the one who produces information based on the previews actions of
yours; it is a 3 way communication, the person who is producing the content, the server who is
monitoring your actions for it to provide accurate suggestions, and you who is receiving the
content or suggestions.

https://www.google.com/search?q=web+2.0+and+web+3.0+differences&sxsrf=ALeKk00JXkq0H7Ye_5R-
hxbm33dhFwS3rg:1595732369031&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiHwYyo9unqAhW3wosBHSZKAFwQ_AUoAXoE
CA4QAw&biw=1242&bih=597#imgrc=VgUkGm06VCJKBM

 Suggested name by John Markoff of the New York Times for the third-generation of the web.
 In this generation, all the application on web or mobile will be upgraded with more features.
 It apply same principle as WEB 2.0 : two way interaction
 Web 3.0 will be more connected, open, and intelligent, with semantic Web technologies,
distributed databases, natural language processing, machine learning, machine reasoning,
and autonomous agents.

CONVERGENT TECHNOLOGIES

Technological convergence is a theory which refers to the tendency for technologies that were
originally unrelated to become more closely integrated and even unified as they develop
and advance. An example of technology convergence is smartphones, which combine the
functionality of a telephone, a camera, a music player, and a digital personal assistant (among
other things) into one device. A tablet computer is another example of technology convergence.

SOCIAL MEDIA

Websites and applications that enable users to create and share content or to participate in social
networking.
MOBILE

Mobility and portability of media, or as Paul Levinson calls it in his book Cellphone, “the media-
in-motion business” has been a process in the works ever since the “first time someone thought
to write on a tablet that could be lifted and hauled – rather than on a cave wall, a cliff face, a
monument that usually was stuck in place, more or less forever”. For a time, mobile media devices
such as mobile phones and PDA’s were the primary source of portable media from which we
could obtain information and communicate with one another.

ASSISTIVE MEDIA

An internet delivered audio reading service for people with visual or perceptual reading
impairments.

ONLINE SYSTEMS
Online versions of information systems, which is “the process of and tools for storing, managing,
using, and gathering of data and communications in an organization. An example of information
systems are tools for sending out communications and storing files in a business.”

WEB PAGE
A document commonly written in HyperText Markup Language (HTML) that is accessible
through the Internet or other network using an Internet browser.
A web page is accessed by entering a URL address and may contain text, graphics, and
hyperlinks to other web pages and files. The page you are reading now is an example of a web
page.

PLATFORMS
If you can program it, then it’s a platform. If you cant , then its not (Marc Andreessen). It
makes it easier for users to interact, to collect and use the data from the user’s interactions for
their own particular needs.

CATEGORIES OF ONLINE PLATFORM

1. Social Media – websites and applications that enable users to create and share content or to
particpate in social networking.

The Seven (7) Biggest Social Media Sites in 2020

a. Facebook - This OG social media network is tried and true, and no matter your industry,
there’s a space for you on Facebook.Some of the leading industries on
Facebook include financial services, ecommerce, retail, gaming,
entertainment, media, telecom, technology, consumer goods, and
automotive businesses.While the News Feed increasingly suppresses
business posts, there are still ways to bolster engagement without
investing in ads.Consider joining (or creating) groups, using a Facebook
Messenger chatbot, or using live video to up your engagement.
Founded – 2004 Active Monthly Users – 2.45 billion
b. Twitter – Fast and sometimes furious, certain businesses really thrive on Twitter. If your
business is related to entertainment, sports, politics, or marketing, you
stand to earn tremendous engagement on Twitter.On Twitter, brands have
an opportunity to craft and hone their voice – there’s room to be clever and
personable in addition to informative and helpful. Jump into threads,
provide value, share your own content as well as others, and join the
nonstop conversation.

Founded – 2006 Active Monthly Users – 330 million

c. Linkedln – Within its massive network of professionals, you’ll find more than 61 million
users in senior positions on LinkedIn.If you’re looking for decision makers
who have the power to hire your company, stock your product, or partner
with you, LinkedIn is the place to be.Did you know that 44% of LinkedIn
users have an income above the national median? Or that more than
50% of Americans with a college degree use LinkedIn? It might not be the
flashiest social media network, but there’s unlimited potential for
connecting with an elite group of professionals who can make a difference for your
business.

Founded – 2003 Active Monthly Users – 310 million

d. Instagram - is a smorgasbord of eye-catching visuals and inspiring creativity. It’s also a

social network where product-based businesses, influencers, and coaches
can thrive. Since introducing shoppable posts in 2018, the potential ROI
for product-based businesses is higher than ever – not only can B2B’s
connect with a massive audience, they can link the product information and
sales straight from the ‘gram. If your target demographic is under 35,
Instagram is a gold mine: 63% of users are between the ages of 18 to 34,
with virtually even split between male and female users.

Launched – 2010 Active users – 1 billion

e. Snapchat - If your target demographic is young, you definitely want to get in on Snapchat.
The most active users are Snapchat are 13-year-olds, and they’re
spending upwards of 30 minutes a day on the app. Snapchat is a haven
for user-generated content, behind-the-scenes videos, exclusive offers,
and influencer takeovers.

Founded – 2011 Active Monthly Users – 360 million

f. Pinterest - Some of the most popular content on Pinterest includes fashion, food, decor,
wedding, workout and DIY-related pins. In addition, anything with rich
visual can thrive on Pinterest. Notably, 81% of Pinterest users are female
– if you have a predominantly female audience, that’s a compelling reason
to invest time in social media marketing on Pinterest. That’s not to say that
men aren’t on Pinterest. In fact, 40% of new Pinterest signups are male.

Founded – 2010 Active Monthly Users – 322 million

 g. Reddit – heralds itself as “the front page of the internet.” According to Alexa rankings,
Reddit is one of the top 20 most-visited sites. Reddit has a unique blend
of content and community, with more than 150,000 communities
dedicated to every topic imaginable. With so many niches, there’s a place
for every brand and business – it’s a matter of finding the niches where
your potential customers are active and diving in.

Founded – 2005 Active Monthly Users – 430 million

2. Search Engine – a software system that is designated to carry out web search (Internet
Search) which means to search the World Wide Web.

Top 8 Best Search Engine as of 2020

a. Google - Besides being the most popular search engine covering over 90% of the
worldwide market, Google boasts outstanding features that make it the best search engine
in the market. It boasts cutting-edge algorithms, easy-to-use interface, and personalized
user experience. The platform is renowned for continually updating its search
engine results and features to give users the best experience.
b. Bing - Microsoft’s Bing is the second-most renowned search engine in the world. And
although it trails Google by a broad margin in terms of market share, it boasts some unique
features that may excite users. For starters, the search engine filters result in different tabs
such as ads, images, maps, videos, and news. It also gives users the chance to
accumulate points, which they can later redeem on Microsoft and Windows stores. It also
performs flawlessly on all browsers.

c. Yahoo - lthough it was once popular than and even went neck-to-neck with Google during
its early days, Yahoo has dropped to the third spot in terms of market share. Its web portal
is still popular, and it is said to be the eleventh most visited site according to Alexa. Yahoo
features an impressive interface, clean results and an impressive catalog of websites.
d. Baidu - Founded in 2000, Baidu is a top-tier search engine that enjoys dominance in
China. The platform has been experiencing a steady increase in the number of users over
the years. And although it is mainly used in China, it still boasts an intuitive interface,
plenty of search options, and premium-quality search results.

e. Yandex - was established in 1997, and it boasts of being the most utilized search engine
in Russia. Yandex’s parent company presents itself as a technology company that
specializes in the creation of intelligence products and services powered by machine
learning. However, it powers one of the most extensive search engines in Russia,
accounting for over 65% of the market share. You can search for anything with Yandex
including images, maps, and even videos.
f. Duckduckgo - another outstanding search engine is Duckduckgo. Unlike the other search
engines, Duckduckgo values the privacy of users as they don’t track or store personal
search information. The search engine allows you to look up for everything ranging from
images, maps, and videos. It boasts outstanding features such as the zero-click
information where all answers appear on the first page. The disambiguation prompts
clarify what you are searching for more accurate results.

g. Contextual Web Search - is a robust API that provides users access to billions of
webpages, news, and images with a single API call. The API links you to a search engine
that mimics how the human brain indexes memories for more insightful search results.
This API uses a combination of user information and their behavior to create a context for
personalized searches. It helps you customize your experience and get accurate and
relevant search results.
 h. Yippy Search - is a state-of-the-art deep web engine that helps users to explore what other
search engines won’t find. Since deep web pages are harder to unearth in typical
searches, Yippy Search helps you to locate these webpages. It enables you to search for
hard-to-locate information such as government-related feeds, hobby interest blogs,
academic researches, or offbeat news.

3. Communication Services

These are outsourced enterprise communications solutions that can be leased from a
single vendor or provider. A Communication Service Provider (CSP) is a provider that
transports information electronically and can encompass public and private companies in telecom,
internet, cable, satellite and managed service business.

Telecom and Internet Providers

4. Payment Systems - is a mechanism composed of rules, institutions, people, markets and
organizations that make exchanges of payments possible. It facilitates the transfer of money
from a payor to a payee in order to effect a payment transaction.

5. Advertising Platforms
With applications and functionality that constantly searches for and provides a social media
stream that identifies new customers and facilitates media inquiries, distributes customer
generated news releases, and includes an email newsletter service that enhances brand
awareness, advertising effectiveness, and customer loyalty and sales.
6. Creative Content - is an umbrella term that's used to describe the various forms of enriched
multimedia that should form a core part of your online presence and marketing.

ONLINE SAFETY, SECURITY, ETHICS AND ETIQUETTE

Online Safety – it refers to the practices and precautions that should be observed when using
the internet to ensure that the users as well as their computers personal information are safe
from using associated with using the internet.

Common misconduct online can be:

 Harrassment
 Stalking
 Identity Theft
 Privacy Violations

Online Threats

1. Phishing – the scammers disguise as a reliable source citing to attain private information like
password and credit cards into through internet.
2. Internet scam – misleads the user in ways attempting to take leads of them.
3. Malware - spyware or adware, a malicious software disguise as real software often secretly
installed.
4. Viruses and Worms – a program designed to replicate by attaching itself into the computers
programs, data or the boot set up of the hard drive.

Safety Measures while Online

1. Never give your personal informations to people over internet or social media.
2. Do not give your passwords or pin to anyone online.
3. Never open messages or attachment from someone you don’t know.
4. Think before you post online.
5. Always change your password every month. Avoid repetiton of passwords in emails and other
accounts.
6. Make sure to log out your accounts and emails.
7. Review privacy settings in your online accounts.
8. Delete your browsing data before leaving .
9. Keep your software updated.
10. Do not download software that is unknown to you.

Online Ethics and Etiquette

1. Apply the same values online such as respect, courtesy and kindness.
2. Recognizing the existing laws like Cyber Law and other laws applies online.
3. Respects the rights of privacy.
4. Always be friendly but know your limits.

CONTEXTUALIZED ONLINE SEARCH AND RESEARCH SKILLS

Indigenous knowledge – a local knowledge , it is unique to a given culture or society.

Indigenous knowledge contrasts with the international knowledge system, universities , research
institutions and private firms (Warren)

Characteristics
 Oral tradition of Communication
 Store information in memories
 Information exhange is face to face
 Information are contain within the border of the community

Types of Library
Library are often classified in four groups (these libraries may be either digital or physical in
form):
 Academic
 Public
 School
 Special

Characteristics of libraries in terms of reliability accuracy and value:

 Libraries of published books are often considered highly reliable accurate , and
valuable.
 Books and documents from dominant sources are oftern peer reviewed.
 ISSN or ISBN registration ensures that standards were followed in producing these
materials.

Information from the Internet

 Information from the Internet may be quiet varied in form and content.
 It is more difficult to determine its reliability and accuracy.
 Accessing information on the Internet is easy but requires more discipline to check and
validate.
  Factual and fictitious are oftern merge.
 Information should be always validated.

Online Search and Research

 Also known as Internet Research
 More than just googling (typing a word in Google and the clicking the search button)
 A skill needed to be imporve to get factual information.

Evaluating Information
1. Accuracy – content is grammatically correct, verifitable and citen when necessary
2. Author – defines who created the content, the individual or group’s credential / expertise and
provides contact information.
3. Domain types – used to further evaluate a website
 .com(commercial)
 .org (organization)
 .edu(education)
 .gov(government)
 .net(network)
 .mil(military)
 .ph (country domain)
4. Currency – information is current and updated.
5. Fairness – content is balanced , presenting all slides of an issue and multiple points of view.
6. Relevance – content is relevant to your topic or research.

Safe Search - helps you block inappropriate or explicit image from your Google Search results.
It isnt filter 100% accurate but it helps you avoid most adult content.

Google Scholar
Provides simple way to broadly search for scholarly literature. From one place, you can
search across many disciplines and sources: articles, thesis, books, abstract and court opinions
, from academic publishers , professional societies , online repositories, universities and other
web sites.

Advantages of using Google Scholar:

1. Google Scholar is familiar and relatively simple to use, much like Google.
2. Google Scholar allows users to search for a find a wide variety of materials including
articles, books, "grey literature" like conference proceedings on a vast number of topics.
3. Google Scholar allows for you to see articles related to the one that might interest you,
how many times an article has been cited and by whom, and provides citations for
articles in a number of styles.
4. Google Scholar can display links to articles and books held through ECU Libraries.
5. Google Scholar allows you to save both citations and articles to read later.

Disadvantages of using Google Scholar:

1. Google Scholar's coverage is is wide-ranging but not comprehensive. It can be a

research source, but should not be the only source you use.
 2. Google Scholar does not provide the criteria for what makes its results "scholarly".
Results are often vary in quality and it is up to the researcher to determine which of the
results are suitable for their purposes.
3. Google Scholar does not allow users to limit results to either peer reviewed or full text
materials or by discipline.
4. Google Scholar does not provide notice of when its materials are updated.
5. Google Scholar's citation tracker can be difficult to use and inaccurate.

VIDEOS TO WATCH:

1.1. Viewing of videos showing about Introduction to the Information Communication

Technology
a. Current State of ICT Technologies
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7UeX59pBWA4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cyzBaa8cj7I
b. Online Systems, Functions and Platforms
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I21r4gzymdo
c. Online Safety, Security, Ethics and Etiquette
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0-9X110ln_I
d. Contextualized Online Search and Research Skills
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=399HV5EdQGQ

1.2 Read :
a. CyberCrime Law Republic Act No. 10175
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2012/09/12/republic-act-no-10175/

Activities / Assessment:
1. Writing term papers on the following topics:
1.1 Differences of Web 2.0 and Web 3.0
1.2 One Online Platform
1.3 Make 10 Rules in Staying Safe online,, and 10 Rules for Online Ethics and Etiquette
1.4 How to used Google Scholars
2. Make a spoken video about Online Security (maximum of 3 minutes)
3. Online Examination using Google Forms, Quizziz (Course Google Classroom)
References:
https://empowermenttech12.wordpress.com/2017/06/24/the-current-state-of-ict-technologies/)
https://g1galileoetech.wordpress.com/2017/09/01/online-systems-functions-and-
platforms/#:~:text=Online%20systems%20%E2%80%93%20are%20online%20versions,and%2
0communications%20in%20an%20organization.
https://rapidapi.com/blog/best-search-engines/
https://www.searchenginejournal.com/social-media/biggest-social-media-sites/#close
https://www.simplilearn.com/top-technology-trends-and-jobs-article
https://www.slideshare.net/AngelitoQuiambao/online-research-107104482
https://libguides.ecu.edu/c.php?g=89754&p=656912