Senior Essay Guideline Neww

Wolkite University, College of Business and Economics, Accounting and Finance Department
WOLKITE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS
DEPARTMENT OF ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE
SENIOR ESSAY GUIDELINE FOR UNDERGRADUATE

PROGRAM
RESEARCH COMMITTEE (ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE)
WOLKITE, ETHIOPIA
2019
Senior Essay Guideline for Undergraduate Program Page 1

1. WRITING STYLE AND FORMAT OF THE PROPOSAL
1.1. What is a Research Proposal?

Before an attempt is made to start with a research project, a research proposal should be
compiled. For the beginner researcher, this is usually among the most difficult parts. It is,
however, the most important aspect of the research project and should be considered carefully by
the researcher. This does not only require subject knowledge, but also insight into the problem
that is going to be investigated, to give logic and structure to the research envisaged. This unit of
the research methodology module is a guide to write a research proposal. Use the guidelines as a
point of departure for discussions with your advisor/instructor. They may serve as a straw man
against which to build your understanding of both your study and of proposal writing.
Many students and beginning researchers view the proposal as unnecessary work. The more
inexperienced a researcher is, the more important it is to have a well-planned and adequately
documented proposal. The research proposal is essentially a road map, showing clearly the
location from which a journey begins, the destination to be reached, and the method of getting
there. Well-prepared proposals include potential problems that may be encountered along the
way and methods for avoiding or working around them, much as a road map indicates alternate
routes for a detour.
After proper and complete planning of a research, the plan should be written down. The research
proposal is the detailed plan of study. The term "research proposal" indicates that a specific
course of action will be followed. It is a document, which sets out your ideas in an easily
accessible way. The intent of the written research proposal is to present a focused and scholarly
presentation of a research problem and plan. (Tayie, 2005)
A proposal is an individual‘s or company‘s offer to produce a product or render a service to a

potential buyer or sponsor. The purpose of the research proposal is:
To present the accounting question to be researched and relate its importance.

To discuss the research efforts of others who have worked on related accounting
questions.
To suggest the data necessary for solving the accounting question and how the data will
be gathered, treated, and interpreted.

1.2. Components of a Research Proposal

The following components can be regarded as steps in the writing of the research proposal. They
are important and should be followed for the actual composition of the proposal. The
organization of the contents of a proposal may vary somewhat with the nature of the activity
proposed. Generally, the basic components of a proposal are described in this part in the order in
which they most logically appear in a proposal. However, when it comes to related research, the
inquirer may find it useful, even necessary, to incorporate some parts of the discussion into other
sections of the proposal.
Title page
A title ought to be well studied, and to give, so far as its limits permit, a definite and concise
indication of what is to come. The title of your research proposal should state your topic exactly
in the smallest words as possible.
Put your name, the name of your department/faculty/college, the name of your advisor(s) and
date of delivery under the title. (See the format)
All words in the title should be chosen with great care, and association with one another must be
carefully managed. The title page identifies the proposal and provides the endorsement of
appropriate body (advisor). A good title is defined as the fewest possible words that adequately
describe the contents of the study.
Title is a label: it is not a sentence. Titles should never contain abbreviations. The title page has
no page number and it is not counted in any page numbering.
Chapter one
1.1 Introduction/Background
The introduction is the part of the proposal that provides readers with the background
information for the research proposal. Its purpose is to establish a framework for the research, so
that readers can understand how it is related to other research. Be sure to include a hook at the
beginning of the introduction. This is a statement of something sufficiently interesting to
motivate your reader to read the rest of the proposal, it is an important/interesting scientific
problem that your study either solves or addresses. The introduction should cite those who had
the idea or ideas first, and should also cite those who have done the most recent and relevant
work. You should then go on to explain why more work is necessary (your work, of course.)

The introduction also should address the following points:
Sufficient background information to allow the reader to understand the context and
significance of the question you are trying to address.
Identify the basic content of a document accurately,
Determine its relevance to their interests, and decide whether they need to read the
document in its entirely
Proper acknowledgement of the previous work on which you are building.
Sufficient references such that a reader could, by going to the library, achieve a
sophisticated understanding of the context and significance of the question.
The introduction should be focused on the research question(s).
All cited work should be directly relevant to the goals of the research.
Explain the scope of your work, what will and will not be included.
A verbal "road map" or verbal "table of contents" guiding the reader to what lies ahead.
Is it obvious where introductory material ("old stuff") ends and your planned contribution
("new stuff") begins?
1.2 Statement of the problem

Most research proposals may be considered as responses to a problem. A problem might be
defined as the issue that exists in the literature, theory, or practice that leads to a need for the
study. The prospective researcher should think on what caused the need to do the research
(problem identification). The question that he/she should ask him/herself is: Are there questions
about this problem to which answers have not been found up to the present?
The research problem should be stated in such a way that it would lead to analytical thinking on
the part of the researcher with the aim of possibly concluding solutions to the stated problem.
The problem statement describes the context for the study and it also identifies the general
analysis approach. It is important in a proposal that the problem stand out—that the reader can
easily recognize it. Effective problem statements answer the question “Why does this research
need to be conducted.” If a researcher is unable to answer this question clearly and succinctly,
and without resorting to hyper-speak, then the statement of the problem will come off as
ambiguous and diffuse.
A well-articulated statement of the problem establishes the foundation for everything to follow in
the proposal and will render less problematic. Most of the conceptual, rhetorical, and
methodological obstacles typically encountered during the process of proposal development.
This means that, in subsequent sections of the proposal, there should be no surprises, such as
categories, questions, variables, or data sources that come out of nowhere: if it can't be found in
the problem statement section, at least at the implicit level, then it either does not belong in the
study or the problem statement needs to be re-written. Be sure your problem statement is clear
without the use of idioms or clichés. After reading this section, the potential sponsor should

know the management dilemma and the question, its significance, and why something should be
done to change the status quo.
1.3 Hypotheses /Questions

Hypotheses and questions are linked to the speculative proposition of the problem statement, can
be inferred from the overall conceptual framework of a study, and are of critical importance to
data analysis and interpretation. In research studies, the term hypotheses implies a derivation,
within a hypothetic-deductive theoretical system, of a particular assertion or prediction. The
hypothesis is subject to test, i.e., to confirmation or rejection on empirical grounds. The term
question implies an interrogative statement that can be answered by data, which is logically
related to the same conceptual framework, but which does not necessarily stem from that
framework through logical deduction.
Questions are most often used in qualitative inquiry, although their use in quantitative inquiry is
becoming more prominent. Hypotheses are relevant to theoretical research and are typically used
only in quantitative inquiry. A research question poses a relationship between two or more
variables but phrases the relationship as a question; a hypothesis represents a declarative
statement of the relations between two or more variables. Deciding whether to use questions or
hypotheses depends on factors such as the purpose of the study, the nature of the design and
methodology of the research. Make a clear and careful distinction between the dependent and
independent variables and be certain they are clear to the reader. Hypotheses are thus tentative
statements that should either be acknowledged or rejected by means of research.
Because hypotheses give structure and direction to research, the following aspects should be kept
in mind when formulating a hypothesis:
Hypotheses can only be formulated after the researcher has gained enough knowledge
regarding the nature, extent and intensity of the problem.
Hypotheses should figure throughout the research process to give structure to the
research.
Hypotheses are tentative statements/solutions or explanations of the formulated problem.
Care should be taken not to oversimplify and generalize the formulation of hypotheses.
The research problem does not have to consist of one hypothesis only. The type of problem area
investigated, the scope of the research field are the determinant factors on how many hypotheses
will be included in the research proposal.

1.4 Objective/Aim of the study

The objective of a research delineates the ends or aims which the inquirer seeks to bring about
because of completing the research undertaken. An objective may be thought of as either a
solution to a problem or a step along the way toward achieving a solution; an end state to be
achieved in relation to the problem. The objectives of a research project summarize what is to be
achieved by the study. Objectives should be closely related to the statement of the problem. After
statement of the primary objective, secondary objectives may be mentioned.
The objective flows naturally from the problem statement, giving specific, concrete, and
achievable goals. It is best to list the objectives either in order of importance or in general terms
first, moving to specific terms (i.e., research question followed by underlying investigative
questions). The research objectives section is the basis for judging the remainder of the proposal
and, ultimately, the final report. Verify the consistency of the proposal by checking to see that
each objective is discussed in the research design, data analysis, and results sections.
Research objectives are classified into general objectives and specific objectives. The general
and specific objectives are logically connected to each other and the specific objectives are
commonly considered as smaller portions of the general objectives. It is important to ascertain
that the general objective is closely related to the statement of the problem.
1.4.1 General objective
What exactly will be studied?

General statements specifying the desired outcomes of the proposed project.
1.4.2 Specific objectives

Specific statements summarizing the proposed activities and including description of the
outcomes and their assessment in measurable terms.
It identifies in greater detail the specific aims of the research project, often breaking
down what is to be accomplished into smaller logical components
Specific objectives should systematically address the various aspects of the problem as
defined under ‗Statement of the Problem‘ and the key factors that are assumed to
influence or cause the problem. They should specify what you will do in your study?
where and for what purpose?
Simple (not complex),
Specific (not vague),
Stated in advance (not after the research is done), and
Stated using ―action verbs‖ that are specific enough to be measured.

1.5 Significance of the Study

 Here under your expected output the significance of your study with respect to different
stakeholder e.g. Government, Policy makers, society, etc
 Putting the significance by using bullets advisable
1.6 scope of the study
Generally, this part would set out the parameters of the research. It is important to specify what is
within and outside the scope of your research. You also need to explain why.
Under this section:
 Address the geographic scope of your study
 Extent of your research in respective title
 Period covered by your study
1.7 Limitation of the study
Under this section address: The expected limiting factors of the research
1.8 Organization of the proposal
Under this section address: The chapter included in this paper with respect to its content in short
Chapter Two
2. Related literature review
2.1 Introduction
To conduct research regarding a topic, by implication, means that the researcher has obtained
sound knowledge regarding the research topic. It is therefore imperative that the researcher, at
the time of the submission of the research proposal, clearly indicates what theoretical knowledge
he possesses about the prospective research.
Literature review is not a compilation of every work written about a topic. It is not simply a list
of sources reviewed separately for their own merit. A literature review is a description of the
literature relevant to a field or topic. It gives an overview of what has been said, who the key
writers are, what are the prevailing theories and hypotheses, what questions are being asked, and
what methods and methodologies are appropriate and useful. As such, it is not in itself primary
research, but rather it reports on other findings.
A literature review uses as its database reports of primary or original scholarship, and does not
report new primary scholarship itself. The primary reports used in the literature may be verbal,
but in the clear majority of cases reports are written documents. The types of scholarship may be
empirical, theoretical, critical/analytic, or methodological in nature. Second a literature review
seeks to describe, summarize, evaluate, clarify and/or integrate the content of primary reports.

How to organize a literature review
Although there are several ways of organizing a literature review, here are the suggestions:
Introduction: Define the topic, together with your reason for selecting the topic. You could also
point out overall trends, gaps, themes that emerge, etc.
Chronologically: For example, if writers' views have tended to change over time. There
is little point in doing the review by order of publication unless this shows a clear trend;
Methodologically: There, the focus is on the methods of the researcher, for example,
qualitative versus quantitative approaches.
Conclusion: Summarize the major contributions, evaluating the current position, and pointing
out flaws in methodology, gaps in the research, contradictions, and areas for
further study.
2.2 Theoretical reviews

Under this section:
 Present critical review of alternative theories that can possibly help you as possible points of
view to look at your research problem.
 Summarizes the status of knowledge and provides an up-to-date knowledge
 Present the theoretical level knowledge previously addressed.
 Do not leave any paragraph without citation
2.3 Empirical review
Under this section:
 Present the previous study related to your problem by summarizing and identify the weakness
of the study
 Author, title, study area, objective of the study, research methodology adopted by the
study, major finding, conclusion and recommendation. (Not more than one
paragraph).
2.4 Summary of literature review
Under this section:
 Summarize what you have addressed under this chapter.
 Shows drawback of previous works and how they will be avoided in your work
 Shows how the study moves beyond the literature
 A good literature review testifies that the author did enough preparatory work to make sure
that project will complement not duplicate other people's efforts.

Chapter Three
3. Methodology of the study
3.1 Introduction
The methods or procedures section is really the heart of the research proposal. You must decide
exactly how you are going to achieve your stated objectives: i.e., what new data you need to shed
light on the problem you have selected and how you are going to collect and process this data.
Indicate the methodological steps you will take to answer every question, to test every
hypothesis illustrated in the Questions/Hypotheses section or address the objectives you set.
Research methodology involves such general activities as identifying problems, review of the
literature, formulating hypotheses, procedure for testing hypotheses, measurement, data
collection analysis of data, interpreting results and drawing conclusions. Thus, research
methodology consists of all general and specific activities of research. Mastery of the research
methodology invariably enhances understanding of the research activities. Thus, it seems that
research design and methodology have the same meaning i.e. mapping strategy of research.
 Under this specific section write the objective of this chapter and content of the chapter
3.2. Description of the study area
 Describe the study area location and if it‘s possible include the map. Again, refer from where
you find the information
3.3 Research Design
 By referring book say something about research design as an introduction
 Select the appropriate research design based on nature of the study and justify why you prefer
one design form other.
 By referring book say something about research approach as an introduction
 Select the appropriate research Approach based on nature of the study and justify why you
prefer the research approach you select form other.
3.4 Data Type, Source and Methods of Collection
3.4.1 Data Type
Under this section address:
 Identify the type of data you are going to use to achieve objective of the study
 Justify why you are using the data type you select
3.4.2 Source of data
Under this section: Discuss the source of your data and justify the reliability of the source.
3.4.3 Method of data collection
Under this section:
 Say something about method of data collection by referring research methodology.
 Identify the instrument you‘re going to use to collect the data required for research
 Justification about method you‘re selected

3.5 population and sample Design

Sampling methods
Sampling is the process of selecting several study units from a defined study population. Often
research focuses on a large population that, for practical reasons, it is only possible to include
some of its members in the investigation. You then have to draw a sample from the total
population.
The study of the total population is not possible and it is also impracticable. The practical
limitation: cost, time and other factors which are usually operative in the situation, stand in the
way of studying the total population. The concept of sampling has been introduced with a view
to making the research findings economical and accurate.
The research design is based on the sampling of the study. A good research design provides
information concerning with the selection of the sample population treatments and controls to be
imposed.
Generalizability of the research findings is, of course, dependent upon the sampling procedures
followed. An ideally either a representative or random sample would be desirable to provide
maximum information about the generalizability of research data. (Singh, 2006)
We must consider the following questions in taking a sample:
What is the study population you are interested in from which we want to draw a sample?
How many subjects do you need in your sample?
How will these subjects be selected?
Method of data collection
The study population must be clearly defined. Otherwise you cannot do the sampling. Apart from
persons, a study population may consist of villages, institutions, plants, animals, records, etc.
Each study population consists of study units. The way you define your study population and
your study unit depends on the problem you want to investigate and on the objectives of the
study.
Probability samples involve the idea of random sampling at some stage. Probability sampling
requires that a listing of all study units exists or can be compiled. This listing is called the
sampling frame. Of course, at times, it is impossible to obtain a complete list of the population.
If researchers want to draw conclusions that are valid for the whole study population, which
requires a quantitative study design, they should take care to draw a sample in such a way that it
is representative of that population. A representative sample has all the important characteristics
of the population from which it is drawn.

Sampling Techniques
Probability samples
Simple random sample

Cluster sample
Quasi-random sample or systematic sample
Stratified random sample
Purposive samples
Quota sample
Convenience sample
(Dawson, 2002)
Under this section:

 Say something about target population by referring research methodology book.
 Discuss about the target population under your study
 Finally explain how to address the target population of the study.
If you use sample
 Say something about sampling and why sampling is needed to undertake research by
referring research methodology book.
 Discuss about what types of sampling design you are going to use
 Justification about sampling design you select.
 How you are determined the sample size and justification about the appropriateness of your
method of determination
3.6 Methods of Data Analysis
Under this section:
 Discuss the activity accomplished under this section as an introductory
 Based on the nature of the study discuss about the types of analysis you are going to use to
achieve the objective of the study.
 Finally discuss the ways you are going to you to present data analysis.
4. Budgeted cost and time schedule (New page)
4.1 Budgeted cost
 Budget format composed of Equipment needed with cost, Expendable supplies, literature,
documentation, and information, local travel, extra manpower, and other costs.
4.2 Time schedule
 Under this section present the activity accomplished in respective of time. List the activity
and time duration should be assigned to each of the activities.

Reference (New page)

 List the cited or referred material in your proposal by using APA referencing style*
Appendix
It‘s place to put the data collection apparatus such as the questionnaire, interview and other very
important documents.
NB: All writing style must be in Time New Roman

The font size must be 12 for body of the paper, 13 for subtitle and 14 for main title or chapter
headings
The margin should be Normal
Format for Research Proposal
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study/ Background Information
1.2 Statement of the problem
1.3 Research Questions
1.4 Objectives of the study
1.5 Significance of the study
1.6 Delimitation/ scope of the study
1.7 Definition of terms (optional)
1.8 Limitation of the study
1.9. Organization of the proposal
CHAPTER TWO
2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
(Contains major heading and sub headings)
CHAPTER THREE
3. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research design
3.2 Population and sampling Technique
3.3 Types of data to be collected
3.4 Methods of data collection
3.5 Data Analysis Methods
4. Budgeted cost and time schedule (New page)
Reference (New page)
Appendix

WRITING STYLE AND FORMAT OF THE FINAL PAPER (SENIOR ESSAY)

2.1. Format of the Final Paper (Senior Essay)
2.1.1. Arrangement/ Page sequence Arrangement
(optional)
TYPING AND PAGINATION CONSIDERATIONS
Typing Consideration
1.1 The script must be typed on A4 size paper, with typing on one side of the pages only.
1.2 There must be a margin of 2 cm on the left-hand side of the page to allow for binding, and
minimum margins of 1.5cm at the top, bottom and right of the page.
1.3 The space between lines must be 1.5 and the script should be printed in high quality of
normally of normally readable 12 front size.
1.4 The senior paper should be limited to a maximum of 60 pages, but should not be less than 30
pages, including the appendices.
1.5 The first line on any page carrying a title (title pages, front matter pages, and the first pages
of chapters and major sections) should rest on a line two inches from the top of the page.
1.6 On title pages, the first line of text will begin three spaces below the last line in the title. The
last line of text will be two spaces above the page number.

1.7 Chapter titles are all typed in capital letters; and they should be bold. They may consist of
more than one line, with the lines single spaced. The lines need not be of the same length. Each
new chapter begins on separate new page.
1.8 The section divisions or sub divisions of each chapter should begin two spaces from the last
line.
1.9 A minimum of two lines of text must appear at the bottom of the page when dividing a
paragraph or beginning a new subdivision.
1.10 Carry long words falling at the end of lines to the next line and never hyphenate the last
word on a page.
1.11 Quotes: Long quotes of four lines or more are typed in ―block‖ from single spaced, indented
seven spaces from the normal right and left margins, and are not enclosed in quotation marks.
They should also begin two spaces below the general text, and are separated from subsequent
text by two spaces.
3.2. Pagination Considerations

2.1 Pages should be numbered consecutively and the page number will be placed in the center of
the text at the bottom of the page, with the bottom of the number resting on the 1 cm margin.
2.2 Page numbers must stand alone: do not use periods, hyphens or other decorative marks with
page numbers.
2.3 Inserted pages carrying number letter combinations (for example: 3a, 3b, 27a, etc.) are not
accepted.
2.4 All front matter pages (acknowledgements page, table of contents, list of tables, list of
figures, list of abbreviations, abstract) are numbered in lower case Roman numerals (i, ii, iii, iv,
etc.). The cover page, title page, committee of examiners approval sheet, and the dedication page
(if any) are not counted and do not carry a number. Therefore, the first page of front matter
carrying a number is the ―ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS‖ page and is numbered ―I‖.
2.5 All text pages following front matter carry Arabic numbers, beginning with ―1‖ on the first
page of the text and continuing to end of the paper.

STYLES OF REFERENCING
Within business and management, two referencing styles predominate, the Harvard style and the
American Psychological Association (APA) style, both of which are author-date systems. The
alternative, numeric systems are used far less widely.
Four points are important when referencing:
 Credit must be given when quoting or citing other‘s work.

 Adequate information must be provided in the reference to enable that work to be
located.
 References must be consistent and complete.
 References must be recorded using precisely the style required by your university.
A. In-Text Citation using APA style
In-text citation in the APA style requires the author and the year method. Page numbers are
required for direct quotes. In-text citations rely on signal phrases that indicate the reader where
you got your information using such verbs as: stated, noted, found etc. You can also have in-text
citation without signal phrases using phrases such as: some authors explored, one study
concluded, one writer asserted etc. If you are summarizing or paraphrasing others‘ work you
need to put it with in quotation. For example, you may cite as follows: According to
Gebregziabher (2009b), self-initiated startup businesses follow the Pecking Order Hypothesis
(p.333). Alternatively, the same quotation can be rewritten as; self-initiated startup businesses
follow the Pecking Order Hypothesis (Gebregziabher, 2009b, p.333).
There are two types of quotations these are short and long quotation. A direct quotation of less
than 40 words is called short quotation. For example, you may cite as follows: In his 2009 study,
Gebregziabher noted, ―MSE owners that started their business based on self-initiation exhibit a
strong tendency to use internal sources before looking for external source of finance‖ (p.333).
Long quotation is direct quotation of more than 40 words. Long quotation can be cited as in
the second paragraph of Example but page number should be included at the end of the
indented paragraph. In-text citation from a research paper of two authors should always
include last names of both authors. For example, you may cite as: Gemechu and Amare (2008,
p.15) emphasized …. If the in-text citation is from a research paper of three to five authors
simply list name of the first author and add the phrase “et.al.”. For example, you may cite as:
Alemtsehay, et.al. (2004), concluded ….
If the author is unknown, use the title of the work in the signal phrase or give the first word or
two of the title in the parenthetical citation. For example, you may cite as: one 2008 guide,
―APA In-Text Citation Guidelines‖ stated that an in-text citation should include author and year
of publication. Alternatively, this can be re-written without signal as follows: ―In an APA style
of In-Text Citation author name and year of publication are written‖ (―APA In-Text Citation
Guidelines‖, 2008).

If the author is an organization or government agency, use the name of the organization in your
signal phrase or parenthetical citation. For example, you may cite as: according to Mekelle
University (2009), ―BPR implementation resulted in improved research performance‖. Alternatively,
this can be re-written without signal as follows: One study has shown that BPR implementation
resulted in improved research performance (Mekelle University, 2009). You can also use an
abbreviation in your in-text citation as follows: In its study, MU (2009) concluded that BPR
implementation resulted in improved research performance.
If you’re in-text citation involves citing memos, letters, emails, interviews etc. you need to label the
type of communication and the exact date on which it occurred but you need not write it in your
reference list. For example, you may cite as follows: Meseret (Personal Interview, November 05,
2010) indicated that her study on class participation of students verified the importance of active
participation.
B. Referencing using APA style
a) APA Style of referencing Books

A book is referenced by writing name of the authors, year of publication in bracket, title of the book
(in italics), edition, publisher, and place of publication respectively. For example: Gitman, L. (2003).
Managerial Finance. Dryden Press, Hinsdale Illinois. If the book has no author then you need
information regarding title of the book, city where the book was published, and publisher. Oxford
Dictionary, (2nd ed.), (1991). Oxford University Press, USA. Similarly, citation of an online book,
journal, or any other online material for that matter must include the date it was viewed. For
instance: Trochim, W.M. (2004). The research methods knowledge base, 2nd ed. Retrieved
November 14, 2009, from http://www.socialresearchmethods.met/kb/index.htm.
b) APA Style of referencing Journal Articles
A journal article can be referenced by writing name of the authors, year of publication, ‗title of
article‘ (in single quotation marks), title of the journal (in italics), volume number, issue number,
and page numbers. For example: Gebregziabher (2009b). ‗Financing preferences of micro and
small enterprise owners in Tigray: does POH hold?‘ Journal of Small Business and Enterprise
Development, 16 (2), 322-334. If a journal article has no author, then it can be cited as follows:
‗Building human resources instead of landfills‘ 2000. Biocycle, 41 (12), 28–9.
C) APA Style of referencing Magazines and Newspapers
Magazine and newspaper articles can be used to support an empirical fact. Magazine articles are
cited like that of journal articles except that the date of publication should be written.
For example: Kluger, J. (2008, January 28). Why we love. Time, 171 (4), 54-60. Newspaper article
can be cited as: Tesfaye, K. (2010, September 10). Unchanged Trade Flows May Nullify Impact of
Devaluation. Addis Fortune, 11 (541).

Retrieved from http://www.addisfortune.com/economic_commentary.htm. Similarly, articles from

web 2.0 services such as Wikipedia can also be cited as: Research Funding. (2010, August 27).
In Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved, September 16, 2010, from

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_funding.
D) APA Style of referencing Audio-Visual Media
Sometimes, audio-visual media can also be referenced. Audio-visual references shall include the
following: name and function of the primary contributors (e.g., producer, director), date, title,
the medium in brackets, location or place of production, and name of the distributor. For example:
Anderson, R., & Morgan, C. (producers). (2008, June20). 60 Minutes [Television broadcast].
Washington, DC: CBS News.
Numeric systems
Referencing in the text
When using a Numeric system such as the Vancouver style, references within the project report
are shown by a number that is either bracketed or in superscript. This number refers directly to
the list of references at the end of the text, and it means it is not necessary for you to include the
authors‘ names or year of publication:
‗Research1 indicates that . . .‘

1
Ritzer, G. The McDonaldization of Society. (revised edition). Thousand Oaks, CA, Pine Forge
Press; 1996.


Appendix: 1
A. Cover Page Format (Sample)
WOLKITE UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF ACCOUNITING AND FINANCE
Corporate Governance and Its Impact on the Financial Performance of

Ethiopian Insurance Companies
BY:
1. ABEBE KEBEDE
2. _______________
3. _______________
ADVISOR:
SOLOMON TESFAYE
JANUARY, 2019
WOLKITE, ETHIOPIA

A. Title Page Format (Sample)

A SENIOR ESSAY SUBMITTED TO ACCOUNTING PROGRAM OF

WOLKITE UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ARTS IN
ACCOUNTING
BY: ID NO.
1. ABEBE KEBEDE _______

2. ______________ _______
3._______________ _______
JANUARY, 2019
WOLKITE, ETHIOPIA

C. Committee of Examiners Approval Sheet Format (Sample)
WOLKITE UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF ACCOUNITING AND FINANCE

BY: ID NO.
3. ABEBE KEBEDE _______

4. ______________ _______
3._______________ _______
APPROVED BY THE COMMITTEE OF EXAMINERS
_________________________ _________________________
Advisor Name Signature
_________________________ __________________________
Examiner Name Signature

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Wolkite University, College of Business and Economics, Accounting and Finance Department

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS

DEPARTMENT OF ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE

SENIOR ESSAY GUIDELINE FOR UNDERGRADUATE

RESEARCH COMMITTEE (ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE)

Senior Essay Guideline for Undergraduate Program Page 1

1. WRITING STYLE AND FORMAT OF THE PROPOSAL

1.1. What is a Research Proposal?

A proposal is an individual‘s or company‘s offer to produce a product or render a service to a

To present the accounting question to be researched and relate its importance.

Senior Essay Guideline for Undergraduate Program Page 2

1.2. Components of a Research Proposal

Senior Essay Guideline for Undergraduate Program Page 3

The introduction also should address the following points:

1.2 Statement of the problem

Senior Essay Guideline for Undergraduate Program Page 4

1.3 Hypotheses /Questions

Senior Essay Guideline for Undergraduate Program Page 5

1.4 Objective/Aim of the study

1.4.1 General objective

What exactly will be studied?

1.4.2 Specific objectives

Senior Essay Guideline for Undergraduate Program Page 6

1.5 Significance of the Study

Senior Essay Guideline for Undergraduate Program Page 7

How to organize a literature review

2.2 Theoretical reviews

Senior Essay Guideline for Undergraduate Program Page 8

Senior Essay Guideline for Undergraduate Program Page 9

3.5 population and sample Design

We must consider the following questions in taking a sample:

Senior Essay Guideline for Undergraduate Program Page 10

Simple random sample

Under this section:

Senior Essay Guideline for Undergraduate Program Page 11

Reference (New page)

NB: All writing style must be in Time New Roman

Senior Essay Guideline for Undergraduate Program Page 12

WRITING STYLE AND FORMAT OF THE FINAL PAPER (SENIOR ESSAY)

TYPING AND PAGINATION CONSIDERATIONS

Senior Essay Guideline for Undergraduate Program Page 13

3.2. Pagination Considerations

Senior Essay Guideline for Undergraduate Program Page 14

Four points are important when referencing:

 Credit must be given when quoting or citing other‘s work.

A. In-Text Citation using APA style

Senior Essay Guideline for Undergraduate Program Page 15

B. Referencing using APA style

a) APA Style of referencing Books

b) APA Style of referencing Journal Articles

C) APA Style of referencing Magazines and Newspapers

Senior Essay Guideline for Undergraduate Program Page 16

Retrieved from http://www.addisfortune.com/economic_commentary.htm. Similarly, articles from

In Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved, September 16, 2010, from

D) APA Style of referencing Audio-Visual Media

Referencing in the text

‗Research1 indicates that . . .‘

Senior Essay Guideline for Undergraduate Program Page 17

Senior Essay Guideline for Undergraduate Program Page 18

A. Cover Page Format (Sample)

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS

DEPARTMENT OF ACCOUNITING AND FINANCE