Doc-Ser-012 Api 16a 3RD Overview

API 16A 3RD ED OVERVIEW
Scope: Drill-through Equipment
Equipment:
 Ram blowout preventers
 Ram blocks, packers and top seals
 Annular blowout preventers
 Annular packing units
 Hydraulic connectors
 Drilling spools
 Adapters
 Loose connections
 Clamps
Key words definitions:
 Blind Shear Ram: Closing and Sealing component in BOP Ram. First shear the tubular in the
wellbore (in case of there is) and then seals off the bore.
 Blind Ram: Closing and Sealing component in BOP Ram that seals the wellbore.
 Clamp: Device with internal angled shoulders used for fasten mating hubs.
 Drilling Spool: pressure-containing piece of equipment having end connections used below
or between drill-through equipment.
 Pipe Ram: Closing and Sealing component in BOP Ram that seals around tubulars in
wellbore.
 Standard Connection: Flange, hub or studded connections manufactured in accordance with
ISO Standards.
 VBR (Variable Bore Ram): Closing and Sealing component in BOP Ram that is capable of
sealing a range of tubular sizes.
 Integral Connection: Connection joined by the forging, casting or welding process.
 AQL (Acceptance Quality Level)
See below typical equipment configurations for Surface and Sub-sea Drill-through
Equipment:
QUINEX, Inspection and Expediting – 265 Avenue de l’Industrie, 34820 Teyran, France – Phone: +33 (0)4 67 72 58 16
E-mail: info@quinexweb.com – Web Site: www.quinexweb.com
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DOC-SER-012 Rev. 000
Typical Surface Drill-through Equipment
Drill-through Equipment
Well head Equipment
2
Annular BOP
Double Ram BOP
Valve ISO 10423

Drilling Spool
Wellhead
Casing
3
Typical Sub-sea Drill-through Equipment
Riser Equipment
Drill-through Equipment
Wellhead Equipment
4
Riser + Ball Joint

Connection
Annular BOP
Hydraulic connector +
addapter
Double Ram BOP
Valve ISO 10423
Hydraulic
connector
+Wellhead

GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS (Rated Tº and Pressures)
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Rated working pressure (psi):

 2000
 3000
 5000
 10000
 15000
 20000
Equipment size and rated working pressure relations:
API size designation Rated working pressure Drift diameter inch

Psi
7 1/16 2000 – 20000 7.032
9 2000 – 15000 8.970
11 2000 – 20000 10.970
13 5/8 2000 – 15000 13.595
16 ¾ 2000 – 10000 16.720
18 ¾ 5000 – 15000 18.720
20 ¾ 3000 20.720
21 ¼ 2000 – 10000 21.220
26 ¾ 2000 – 3000 26.720
30 2000 – 3000 29.970
Temperature ratings for metallic materials:
 T-75: -75°F to 250°F (-59ºC to 121ºC)

 T-20: -20°F to 250°F (-29ºC to 121ºC)
 T-0: 0°F to 250°F (-18ºC to 121ºC)
Temperature ratings for non-metallic materials:
 Code A : From -25ºC to 82ºC (-15ºF to 180ºF)

 Code B: From -18ºC to 82ºC (0ºF to 180ºF)
 Code C: From -12ºC to 82ºC (10ºF to 180ºF)
 Code D: From -7ºC to 82ºC (20ºF to 180ºF)
 Code E : From -1ºC to 82ºC (30ºF to 180ºF)
 Code F: From 4ºC to 82ºC (40ºF to 180ºF)
 Code G: Others
 Code X:
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SPECIFIC DESIGN REQUIREMENTS:
Note: Flanged and Studded connections in accordance with ISO 10423 & Hubbed Connections
according API16A
Flanged end and outlet Connections:
General Note: It exist 2 types of flange connections Type 6B and Type 6BX that may be used as
integral connections and according ISO10423 dimensional requirements.
6B or 6BX flange connections are defined in table 3 depending on the pressure ratings and the sizes
of the equipment. Design shall be in accordance with API 6A. These connections apply for both
flanged end (through bolted) and studded end
Type 6BX flanges are of the ring-joint type and are designed with a raised face.
Type 6B flanges are of the ring joint type and are not designed for face-to-face make-up.
Left : Studded connections Type 6B

Right : Studded connections Type 6BX:
6B blind flanges
Dimensions of each type of flange, depending on the working pressure are contained in
ISO10423
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Hubbed end and outlet Connections:
General Note: It exist 2 types of flange connections Type16B and Type 16BX that may be used as
integral connections and according API16A dimensional requirements.
Hub connections Type 16B:
Hub connections Type 16BX:
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Clamps:
- Any clamp shall be designed for the highest loading that may be induced by any hub it is
intended to fit.
- All clamps shall have grooves in their bores with angles of 25º+-0.25º to fit type 16B & 16BX.
- All 25º surfaces shall have a surface finish: Ra: 0.8 µm or less.
- Detailed dimensions of each clamp number (From. 1 to 28) depending of each pressure rating
are contained in API16A Tables 11, 12, 13 & 14
- Materials shall be manufactured according API16A depending on Rated pressure.
- RX grove numbers for API SPEC 16A are listed in table 11, 12, 13 & 14 depending on each
type and pressure of clamp.
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Design methodology shall be described in the ASME Boiler and pressure vessel Code Section VIII div
2, Appendix 4.
BOP & HYDRAULIC CONNECTOR OPERATIONAL CHARACTERTIC TESTS
1. - Ram-type BOP
1) Sealing characteristics test

This test shall determine the actual opening or closing pressure required to either maintain
or break a wellbore pressure seal.
Doc shall include:

a) Record of closing pressure vs. wellbore pressure to effect a seal
b) Record of operator (closing or opening) pressure vs. wellbore pressure to break
wellbore pressure seal.
2) Fatigue test
This test shall simulate the operation of the BOP during 1 ½ year (1 low pressure 200 –
300 psi closing per day and 1 full working pressure closing per week). Doc shall include:
a) Magnetic particle examination report of ram blocks (See manufacturer’s

procedure)
b) Total number of cycles to failure to maintain a seal or 546 close/open cycles
and 78 pressure cycles, whichever is attained first.
3) Stripping life test (only applicable for fixed or variable ram bores)
a) Wellbore pressure
b) Record of reciprocating speed
c) Equivalent length of pipe stripped of 50000 feet, whichever is attained first.
4) Shear ram test (only applicable for shear type BOP)

This Test determines the shearing and sealing capabilities for selected drill pipe samples.
Pipe used for shear test in accordance with API16A Table18:
Documentation shall include:

a) Manufacturers Shear Ram and BOP configurations.
b) The actual pressure and force required to shear the pipe
c) Pipe description (size, mass and grade) and mechanical properties according
ISO11961.
5) Hang-off test
This test shall determine the ability of the RAM assembly to maintain a 200-300 psi or full
working pressure seal while supporting the drill-pipe loads. Doc shall include:
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1. NDE of ram blocks

2. Load at which leaks develop or 600000 lb for a 5” and larger pipe
or 425000 lb for pipe smaller than 5” whichever is the less.
6) Ram access test
This test shall determine the ability of the BOP’s ram locking device to maintain the
wellbore pressure seal after removing the closing and/or pressure locking pressures. A
200-300 psi and full working pressure test shall be performed.
2. - Annular type BOP
1)Sealing characteristics test

a) Constant wellbore pressure test
b) Constant closing pressure test
c) Full closure pressure test
2)Fatigue test
Doc shall include:
a) Packing element ID after each 20 cycles

b) Number of cycles to failure or 364 close/open cycles and 52 pressure cycles
3)Packer access test
4)Stripping life test

Doc shall include:
a) Wellbore pressure used during the test

b) Record of reciprocating speed
c) Equivalent length of pipe and number of tool joints stripped of 5000 tool joins
whichever is attained first.
d) Closing pressure used during the test
3.- Hydraulic Connectors:
1) Locking Mechanism Test:
Primary and Secondary (if exists) locking mechanisms are tested at rated working pressure and
establishes the lock/unlock pressure relationship.
2) Sealing Mechanism Test:
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API 16A Table 17: Required Tests for Operational Characteristics:
Design temperature verification testing for non-metallic sealing materials and moulded sealing
assemblies:
The purpose is to verify performance (exposure to low and high temperatures) of non-metallic seals
and moulded sealing assemblies used as pressure controlling or containing parts.
All tests shall be performed at the extreme temperatures of the temperature class of the equipment.
Required Documentation Ram-type and Annular BOP’s:

a. Elastomer records as detailed in test procedures
b. Record of the temperature of the blowout preventer wellbore fluid during the testing.
c. Record of low temperature test performance: a minimum of three pressure cycles at rated
working pressure are required.
d. Record of high temperature test performance: one pressure cycle at rated working
pressure with a minimum pressurization hold time of 60 min is required.
Operating Manual Requirements:

a. Operation and Installation Instructions
b. Physical Data
c. Packers and Seals Information
d. Maintenance and testing information.
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e. Assembly and disassembly information

f. Parts information
g. Storage information
h. Operational characteristics summary (Tests Reports)
MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS
A written material specification shall be required for all metallic pressure containing and pressure
controlling parts.
The Processing of materials: Melting, Casting and Hot working, and Heat Treatment should be
documented and performed in accordance with requirements specified by manufacturer.
Pressure-containing members shall be manufactured from materials as required by API16A

Table 19 and Table20 for mechanical properties:
Table 21 and Table 22 for Chemical composition:
13
Tolerances on chemical composition requirements:
Material Qualification:
Quality control requirements for pressure containing and controlling parts:
a) Tensile test.
Specimens as described in API16A (see below).

A minimum of one tensile test shall be performed (results in accordance with Table 20 above). If first
test is failed, two additional tensile tests must be performed in an effort to qualify the material.
b) Impact testing
Specimens as described in API16A (see below). The Standard-size specimen of cross-section is

10x10(mm).
Impact tests in accordance with ASTM A370, at or below temperature shown below:
Minimum of 3 impact specimens shall be tested to qualify a heat of material.
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Minimum of 3 impact specimens shall be tested to qualify a heat of material.
To complete the material qualification, the Qualification of Test Coupons (QTC) is required.
Dimensions of test coupon shall be determined using the ER method specified in API 16A (Figure 8).
Three types:
- Simple geometric equivalent rounds (ER) sections/shapes having length L
- Complex-shaped components
- Keel block configuration.
The Processing of materials: Melting, Casting and Hot working, and Heat Treatment should be
documented and performed equal than material intended to be qualified.
Welding on QTC is prohibited.

Tensile and Impact Specimens shall be removed from the QTC such that their longitudinal centreline
axis is whoolly within the centre core 1/4T envelope for a solid QTC or within 1mm of the mid-
thickness of the thickest section of a hollow QTC.
Hardness Testing Shall be performed in QTC after the final HT cycle.
WELDING REQUIREMENTS:
ALL welding of components exposed to well-bore fluid shall comply with the welding requirements of
NACE MR0175.
WPS and PQR are required.
Weldment design and configuration:
- Pressure-containing fabrication weldments:
Only full penetration welds fabricated in accordance with manufacturer’s written specification
shall be used.
Figures for reference provided:
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- Load-bearing weldments:
Load bearing weldments are subject to external loads and not exposed to wellbore fluids.
Shall be in accordance with manufacturer written specification.
- Repair Welds:
Shall be in accordance with manufacturer written specification.
HT after weld as original.
- Weld overlay:
Standard dimensions for preparation of ring grooves are provided in API16A and dimensions
for type R and BX ring groves are in ISO10423
Other overlays shall be in accordance with Articles I and III of ASME IX.
Mechanical Properties of base material shall be the same after HT. The manufacturer shall
specify methods to ensure it and record as a part of PQR.
Chemical Analysis at a location of 3mm or less from the base metal surface. Chemical
composition limits:
o Nickel: 8% of mass fraction minimum
o Chromium: 16% of mass fraction minimum.
o Carbon: 0,08% of mass fraction minimum
Other welding requirement:
Hardness Testing shall be conducted across the weld and HAZ and sall be recorded as part of PQR.
Results shall be in accordance with NACE MR015 requirements.
Results shall be converted in Rockwell C.
Example:
16
Impact Testing is required by the base material specifidcation. Results in the weld and base material
HAZ shall meet base material requirements. Records shall be part of PQR.
- Weld metal specimens: 3 each.
- HAZ specimens: 3 each.
17
QUALITY CONTROL:
Requirements:
- Measuring and Test equipment

- Quality control personnel qualifications
- Quality control requirements for equipment and parts
- Quality control requirements for specific equipment and parts*
o Pressure-containing and controlling parts
o Studs and nuts
o Closure bolting
o Ring gaskets
o Non-metallic sealing materials and moulded sealing assemblies
o Annular packers shipped separately
o All other BOP Parts.
o Assembled drill-through equipment.
- Quality control records.
Quality control requirements for specific equipment and parts*
a) Tensile Test
NOTE: Main Difference between pressure containing or pressure controlling is that on pressure controlling parts
the acceptance criteria shall be in accordance with manufacturers written specification.
b) Impact Testing
NOTE: Main Difference between pressure containing or pressure controlling is that on pressure controlling parts
the acceptance criteria shall be in accordance with manufacturers written specification.
c) Hardness testing
Methods: ISO6892, ISO6506-1, ISO 6507-1 or ISO 6508-1.
At least one hardness test shall be performed on each part tested, at determined locations.
Hardness measurements on carbon low alloy and martensitic Stainless steels shall exhibit max.
values in acc. With NACE MR0175 and minimum equal or greater than:
d) Dimensional verification
e) Traceability
f) Chemical Analysis.
g) Visual examination
h) Surface NDE on all accessible surfaces
i) Weld NDE
100% of pressure containing welds shall be MP and LP
j) 100% of the pressure containing weld shall volumetrically examined.
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ASSEMBLED EQUIPMENT QUALITY CONTROLS REQUIREMENTS:
NOTE: Serialization is required on all assembled equipment.
- Traceability Record Report
- Drift Test
- Pressure Test Equipment
Hydraulic control systems test.
- Hydrostatic proof testing
Shell Test.
Hydraulic operating-chamber test:

Test pressure equal to 1.5 times the operating chamber’s rated pressure.
Hydrostatic proof and hydraulic operating chamber tests:

It consists in 3 steps:
 Pressure-holding period not less than 3 min.
 Reduction of pressure to zero.
 Pressure-holding period not less than 15 min.
- Closed Preventer Test
Low pressure tests: 1,4 MPa to 2,1 MPa (200 to 300 psi) no less than 10 min.
Hihh Pressure tests: Equal pressure than rated for no less than 10 min.
- Hydraulic Connector Tests

Hydrostatic proof test at low and high pressure.
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MARKING REQUIREMENTS:
20
Main Designations (Equipment, Size, WP, Temperature Rating)
All BOP are described with a Product Description Code which should be seen as an
aid to describing the equipment. This Product Description Code (PDC) is a twelve
digit number that can be used to fully describe the equipment :
Code Description
AA Equipment type
BB Size Designation
CC Rated Working Pressure
DD Temperature Rating
EEEE Date of Manufacture
As an example, a double ram BOP 10K -20°F rate manufactured in May 2015 would be :
02-13-10-20-0515
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22
23
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API 16A 3RD ED OVERVIEW

Scope: Drill-through Equipment

Key words definitions:

Typical Surface Drill-through Equipment

Double Ram BOP

Valve ISO 10423

Typical Sub-sea Drill-through Equipment

Riser + Ball Joint

Double Ram BOP

Valve ISO 10423

Rated working pressure (psi):

Equipment size and rated working pressure relations:

API size designation Rated working pressure Drift diameter inch

Temperature ratings for metallic materials:

 T-75: -75°F to 250°F (-59ºC to 121ºC)

Temperature ratings for non-metallic materials:

 Code A : From -25ºC to 82ºC (-15ºF to 180ºF)

SPECIFIC DESIGN REQUIREMENTS:

Flanged end and outlet Connections:

Left : Studded connections Type 6B

Hubbed end and outlet Connections:

Hub connections Type 16B:

Hub connections Type 16BX:

- Materials shall be manufactured according API16A depending on Rated pressure.

BOP & HYDRAULIC CONNECTOR OPERATIONAL CHARACTERTIC TESTS

1) Sealing characteristics test

Doc shall include:

a) Magnetic particle examination report of ram blocks (See manufacturer’s

4) Shear ram test (only applicable for shear type BOP)

Documentation shall include:

1. NDE of ram blocks

2. - Annular type BOP

1)Sealing characteristics test

a) Packing element ID after each 20 cycles

3)Packer access test

4)Stripping life test

a) Wellbore pressure used during the test

3.- Hydraulic Connectors:

1) Locking Mechanism Test:

2) Sealing Mechanism Test:

API 16A Table 17: Required Tests for Operational Characteristics:

Required Documentation Ram-type and Annular BOP’s:

Operating Manual Requirements:

e. Assembly and disassembly information

Pressure-containing members shall be manufactured from materials as required by API16A

Table 21 and Table 22 for Chemical composition:

Tolerances on chemical composition requirements:

Quality control requirements for pressure containing and controlling parts:

Specimens as described in API16A (see below).

Specimens as described in API16A (see below). The Standard-size specimen of cross-section is

Minimum of 3 impact specimens shall be tested to qualify a heat of material.

Welding on QTC is prohibited.

Hardness Testing Shall be performed in QTC after the final HT cycle.

WPS and PQR are required.

Weldment design and configuration:

- Pressure-containing fabrication weldments:

Other welding requirement:

- Measuring and Test equipment

Quality control requirements for specific equipment and parts*

ASSEMBLED EQUIPMENT QUALITY CONTROLS REQUIREMENTS:

NOTE: Serialization is required on all assembled equipment.

- Traceability Record Report