INCLUSIONS

This manual is made for simplification. Any errors,

misspelled or mistyped portions maybe consulted to
the author as subject for edition. This conforms to the
Outcomes-Based Education of the Commission on
Higher Education and being implemented only
during the health crisis or pandemic. Reproduction of
this module without prior consent to the author is
severely penalized under the law. This is only given to
BSCE Students who are currently enrolled in South
East Asian Institute of Technology, Inc.

ENGR. RIMAR CUIZON LIGUAN

Civil Engineer/Author/Subject Code Instructor

CE 61/CE 412
Geotechnical Engineering I (Soil Mechanics)

CE61/CE 412- Geotechnical Engineering I

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.

Page 1 of 10
 SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
National Highway, Crossing Rubber, Tupi, South Cotabato

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
____________________________________________________
LEARNING MODULE
FOR
CE 61/CE 412: GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING 1
_____________________________________________________

WEEK 1
September 18, 2020

CE61/CE 412- Geotechnical Engineering I

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.

Page 1 of 10
 COURSE OUTLINE

COURSE CODE : CE 61/CE 412

TITLE : Geotechnical Engineering I (Soil Mechanics)
TARGET POPULATION : All BS Civil Engineering Students
INSTRUCTOR : ENGR. RIMAR C. LIGUAN
NUMBER OF UNITS : 4 Units (3 hrs Lecture, 3 hrs Laboratory)

Overview:
A professional course which deals with the study soil formation and identification. Engineering properties of soils.
Fundamental aspects of soil characterization and response, including soil mineralogy, soil-water movement, effective
stress, consolidation, soil strength, and soil compaction. Use of soils and geosynthetics in geotechnical and geo-
environmental applications. Introduction to site investigation techniques. Laboratory testing and evaluation of soil
composition and properties.
Objectives:
General Objective

 Define soil mechanics and its importance in civil engineering

 Show proficiency in determining the soil and rock properties, selecting soil parameters for analysis and
design relevant to geotechnical engineering
 To calculate the stresses transferred to underlying soils applied by the super structural loads
 Deal with the estimation of compressibility and settlement properties of soils for shallow foundation
footings design

Instruction to the Learner

This module consists of chapters in sequence in relation to each other. Do not skip each lesson so you will be
guided in every step of your learning process. As you start opening your module, please take time to read the principle
of each topic carefully and analyze each situations accordingly. If you encounter problems regarding on how you solve
it or analyze it, please go back to its basic principle. You will not go wrong when you go back to basic always. This
module will be given once in a week, and you have to return it back the next week along with your outputs such as
plates, documents or activities as what this subject requires you.

Course Requirements
Class Standing Requirements (problem solving exercises, seatworks, assignments and oral presentations, group
participation and evaluation) – Problem solving exercises are scheduled. Seatworks are unannounced and are usually
given at the start or near the end of the lecture period. Problem set assignments (plates) are to be solved through team
effort to maximize peer tutoring and cooperative learning. Outputs are to be collected at the beginning of the next class
session. Students will be required to do oral presentation of assignment solutions or any special topics. Individual
contribution to group work will be rated by the instructor and the co-group members.
Grade Requirement – Students must obtain a minimum final grade of 60% or 3.0 equivalent to pass the subject.

CE61/CE 412- Geotechnical Engineering I

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.

Page 3 of 10
 Grading System for all COE Subjects
Lecture and Laboratory Subjects

LECTURE LABORATORY

LECTURE GRADE=10%P+10%S+20%Q+60%E
LABORATORY GRADE =100%LR

P = Plates
LR = Laboratory Report
S = Seatwork
ST = Summative Test
Q = Quiz
E = Examination

PRELIM GRADE (PG) = 60%(PRELIM LECTURE GRADE) + 40%(PRELIM LABORATORY GRADE)

MIDTERM GRADE (MG) = 60%(MIDTERM LECTURE GRADE) + 40%(MIDTERM LABORATORY GRADE)

FINAL TERM GRADE (FG) = 60%(FINAL LECTURE GRADE) + 40% (FINAL LABORATORY GRADE)
FINAL GRADE = 25%PG + 25%MG + 50%FG

Learning Resources
Textbook: Das, Braja. 1999. Fundamentals of Geotechnical Engineering. Brooks/Cole Publishing Co.
References: Mc Carthy, David F. Essentials of Soil Mechanics and Foundations: Basic Geotechnics, 6th Edition,
2001 Das, Braja. 1999. Fundamentals of Geotechnical Engineering. Brooks/Cole Publishing Co.
Bowles, Joseph. 1995. Foundation Analysis and Design,, 5th Edition., USA.
Peck, Hason, and Thornburn, Foundation Engineering, 2nd Edition, 1974 McLean and Gribble,
Geology for Civil Engineers, 1980
Online References and Journals

CE61/CE 412- Geotechnical Engineering I

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.

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Class Policies
Attendance:

Attendance sheet will be passed around and the student is responsible to sign to prove his presence for that
session. This is to monitor whether absences incurred by the student is still within the allowed number of absences
for a course stipulated in the Student Handbook. The only valid excuse for missing exam are illness requiring
medical care or a personal/family emergency of a serious nature. For such, valid medical certificate and
parent’s/guardian’s letter will be required and subject to verification.
Cooperative Learning:
The goal is to have everyone learn more than they would have working alone. Nevertheless, individual work
provides the foundation for productive and synergistic group work. Teams will be formed, with three or four students
per team. These will be used in two ways. First, in-class discussion and reporting on assignments will be by group
(whenever possible). Second, problem set assignments will be group activities but the submission of assignment
outputs will be done individually. Presentation of output will be done on a rotation basis. All students will evaluate
themselves and their fellow group members with respect to contributions to group function at least twice during the
semester. This evaluation will contribute to the class standing portion of the course grade and will be used primarily
in deciding borderline grades.
Academic Honesty Policy:
It is a part of your education to learn responsibility and self-discipline, particularly with regards to academic
honesty. The most important issue of academic honesty is cheating. Cheating is defined to include an attempt to
defraud, deceive, or mislead the instructor in arriving at an honest grade assessment. Plagiarism is a form of
cheating that involves presenting as one’s own work the ideas or work of another.
All portions of any test, project, or final exam submitted by you for a grade must be your own work, unless you
are instructed to work collaboratively. Specific requirements will be described for collaborative projects, but all work
presented must be the work of members of that group. Research materials used must be properly cited. Cheating
in a major course examination by a student will entail a failing mark of 5.0 for the given course. Cheating, dishonesty
or plagiarism in papers and other works will entail zero (0) score for the said requirement.

GETTING STARTED:
Learning calculus is not the same as learning arithmetic, algebra and geometry. In those subjects, you learn
primarily how to calculate with numbers, how to simplify algebraic expressions and calculate with variables, and how to
reason about points, lines, and figures in planes. Calculus involves those techniques and skills but develop others as
well, with greater precision and at deeper level. Calculus introduces so many new concepts and computational
operations, in fact, that you will no longer be able to learn everything you need in class. You will have to learn a fair
amount on your own or by working with other students. Learning calculus is a process---it does not come all at once. Be
patient, persevere, ask questions, discuss ideas and work with classmates, and seek help when you need it, right away.
The rewards of learning calculus will be very satisfying, both intellectually and professionally. (G.B.T., Jr., & R.L.F.)

Due to the health crisis, you need to double your effort in learning this subject since, this is more often a self-taught or
self-directed learning and will no longer have a face-to-face discussion. Research as much as you can, and do not
hesitate to consult with your instructor in any means of communication if any problems encountered in this course. Good
luck and God Bless Future Engineers!

We wish to know how interested you are of becoming a profound and well-taught CIVIL ENGINEER in the future.
Complete the statements stated below as honestly as you can. All answer is accepted.
1. I enroll in this course because
__________________________________________________________________________________________
CE61/CE 412- Geotechnical Engineering I

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.

Page 3 of 10
 __________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2. I describe a successful CIVIL ENGINEER as
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
3. I define CIVIL ENGINEERING as
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________

4. I view Geotechnical Engineering I (Soil Mechanics) as

__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
5. I see myself (after finishing this course) as
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________

CE61/CE 412- Geotechnical Engineering I

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.

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MODULE 01
SOIL FORMATION AND PROPERTIES OF SOIL (PART 1)

Here are the soil properties formula.

1. Unit Weight of Substance

𝜸𝒔 = 𝑮𝒔 𝜸𝒘
2. Weight of Water
𝒘𝒘 = 𝜸𝒘 𝑽𝒘
3. Weight of Substance
𝒘𝒔 = 𝜸𝒔 𝑽𝒔 = 𝑮𝒔 𝜸𝒘 𝑽𝒔
4. Specific Gravity of Substance
𝜸𝒔
𝑮𝒔 =
𝜸𝒘
5. Density and Unit Weight of Water
 Density of Water, 𝝆𝒘 =1000kg/m3 = 1kg/L = 1g/cc
 Unit Weight of Water, 𝜸𝒘 = 9.81kN/m3 = 62.4 lb/ft3
6. Void Ratio
𝑽𝒗
𝒆=
𝑽𝒔
7. Porosity
𝑽𝒗
𝒏=
𝑽
8. Relationship between e and n
𝒆
𝒏=
𝟏+𝒆
𝒏
𝒆=
𝟏−𝒏
9. Water Content or Moisture Content
𝑾𝒘
𝑴𝑪 = 𝝎 = 𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝑾𝒔
10. Degree of Saturation
𝑽𝒘
𝑺= 𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝑽𝒗
 S=0 (Completely Dry Soil)
 S=100% (Totally Saturated Soil)

11. Relations of Substances from Phase Diagram

 Total Weight of Soil, 𝑾 = 𝑾𝒘 + 𝑾𝒔
 Volume of Voids, 𝑽𝒗 = 𝑽𝒂 + 𝑽𝒘
 Total Volume, 𝑽 = 𝑽𝒔 + 𝑽𝒗

12. Relationship between Specific Gravity, Moisture Content, Saturation, and Void Ratio
𝑮𝝎 = 𝑺𝒆
13. Unit Weight or Bulk Unit Weight of Soil Mass
𝑾 𝑮𝒔 + 𝑺𝒆
𝜸𝒎 = = 𝜸
𝑽 𝟏+𝒆 𝒘
 S=0 (Completely Dry Soil)
 S=100% (Totally/Fully Saturated Soil)

14. Dry Unit Weight

𝑾𝒔 𝑮𝒔
𝜸𝒅 = = 𝜸
𝑽 𝟏+𝒆 𝒘
𝑾
𝑾𝑺 =
𝟏+𝝎

CE61/CE 412- Geotechnical Engineering I

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.

Page 3 of 10
 𝜸𝒎
𝜸𝒅 =
𝟏+𝝎
15. Saturated Unit Weight
𝑮𝒔 + 𝒆
𝜸𝒔𝒂𝒕 = 𝜸
𝟏+𝒆 𝒘
16. Submerged or Buoyant Unit Weight
𝜸𝒃 = 𝜸′ = 𝜸𝒔𝒂𝒕 − 𝜸𝒘
𝑮𝒔 − 𝟏
𝜸𝒃 = 𝜸
𝟏+𝒆 𝒘
17. Critical Hydraulic Gradient
𝜸𝒃 𝑮𝒔 − 𝟏
𝒊𝒄𝒓 = =
𝜸𝒘 𝟏+𝒆
18. Air Void Ratio
𝑨𝒊𝒓 𝑽𝒐𝒊𝒅 𝑹𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐 = 𝒏(𝟏 − 𝒔)
𝒆 − 𝝎𝑮𝒔
𝑨𝒊𝒓 𝑽𝒐𝒊𝒅 𝑹𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐 =
𝟏+𝒆
19. Zero Air Void Unit Weight
𝑮𝒔
𝜸𝒃 = 𝜸
𝟏 + 𝝎𝑮𝒔 𝒘
20. Moisture Unit Weight in terms of Degree of Saturation and Void Ratio
𝑮𝒔 + 𝑺𝒆
𝜸𝒎 𝜸
𝟏+𝒆 𝒘
21. Formula Derivations:
 Volume of Voids
𝒆
𝑽𝒗 = 𝑽
𝟏+𝒆
 Volume of Solids
𝟏
𝑽𝒗 = 𝑽
𝟏+𝒆
 Volume of Water
𝑺𝒆
𝑽𝒘 = 𝑽
𝟏+𝒆
 Weight of Water
𝟏
𝑾𝒘 = 𝑽𝜸
𝟏+𝒆 𝒘
 Weight of Solids
𝟏
𝑾𝒔 = 𝑽𝑮 𝝎𝜸
𝟏+𝒆 𝒔 𝒘
 Weight of Soil
𝑮𝒔 + 𝑺𝒆
𝑾= 𝑽𝜸𝒘
𝟏+𝒆
22. Relative Density of Granular Soils
𝒆𝒎𝒂𝒙 − 𝒆
𝑫𝒓 = 𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝒆𝒎𝒂𝒙 − 𝒆𝒎𝒊𝒏
𝟏 𝟏
−
𝜸𝒅𝒎𝒊𝒏 𝜸𝒅
𝑫𝒓 =
𝟏 𝟏
−
𝜸𝒅𝒎𝒊𝒏 𝜸𝒅𝒎𝒂𝒙
23. Values of 𝒆𝒎𝒊𝒏 and 𝒆𝒎𝒂𝒙
𝜸
𝑮𝒔 − 𝒎𝒂𝒙
𝜸𝒘
𝒆𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝜸
𝒎𝒂𝒙
−𝟏
𝜸𝒔
𝜸
𝑮𝒔 − 𝒎𝒊𝒏
𝜸𝒘
𝒆𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝜸
𝒎𝒊𝒏
−𝟏
𝜸𝒘

CE61/CE 412- Geotechnical Engineering I

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.

Page 3 of 10
ASSIGNMENT:
For this week, here are your task:
1. Define Soil and its constituent
2. Define Soil Formation
3. Enumerate and discuss weathering of rocks
4. Enumerate and discuss different types of soils
5. Description and identification of soils (Visual-Manual Procedure)
6. Discuss mineralogy of soil solids
7. From the listed properties of soil above, define each, then derive these formula and discuss or explain how these
formula were derived one-by-one. Illustrations would do to explain further the formula.

Site reference pages and topic titles, if website links, it should be in APA format to where you refer or align your
explanations and discussions. Do not copy all explanations in websites or reference, much better, based on your own
understanding and words. No reference included, No Points.

Answers must be handwritten or type-written in a long bond paper or newsprint. Follow the format shown below.

Your exercises must be accomplished one (1) week starting from the day your module was distributed. Late submissions
will not be accepted. Solutions and answers must be in a long bond paper or in a long newsprint, your own handwriting
not machine-typed. Submit to me the photo or the scanned photo of your works through:
 Whatsapp number: 09456504234
 Email Address: liguanrimar888@gmail.com
 Facebook Page: SEAIT-ACES (Message Box)
State your complete NAME, YEAR and SECTION, SUBJECT CODE and EXERCISE NUMBER when you submit your
works. Submission time is only allowed from 8:00AM-5:00PM, Mondays to Saturdays. Work/Output submissions other
than this schedule will not be accepted.

Good luck, God bless and Keep Safe Future Civil Engineers.

CE61/CE 412- Geotechnical Engineering I

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.

Page 3 of 10
 NAME: DELA CRUZ, JUAN CARLOS JR. A. (Arial, 12) COURSE & YEAR LEVEL: BSCE-3
SUBJECT CODE: CE 61
SUBJECT DESCRIPTION: Geotechnical Engineering I (Soil Mechanics)
TASK #: 1
TASK DESCRIPTION: Assignment
MODULE #: 1
MODULE DESCRIPTION: Soil Formation and Properties of Soil
(Your outputs must be put here) Arial, 11, No Spacings

REFERENCES AND LINKS: APA Format, No spacings

 Link 1
 Link 2
 Link 3
DATE: September 18, 2020

CE61/CE 412- Geotechnical Engineering I

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.

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