The circulatory system is a network consisting of vessels

and muscles that help and control the flow of the

blood around the body. Its role is to efficiently deliver
oxygen to all parts of the body. It is also in charge of
removing carbon dioxide and waste products.

The circulatory system is made up of the , ,

and .
• The heart is the pumping station of the circulatory system
• It is as big as your fist and is situated at the center of your chest,
slightly tilted to the left
• It is covered by a membrane called pericardium. This membrane
contains a fluid that reduces friction between the surrounding organs
when the heart is beating.
The heart is divided into four chambers
1. Right Atrium
• receives deoxygenated (oxygen-
poor) blood from all parts of the
body

2. Left Atrium
• receives oxygenated (oxygen-rich)
blood from the lungs
The heart is divided into four chambers
3. Right Ventricle
• pumps deoxygenated blood toward
the lungs (for oxygenation)

4. Left Ventricle
• pumps oxygenated blood to the aorta
(the largest artery) and then to all
parts of the body
• Between the atria and the
ventricles are valves. These
structures are overlapping tissues
that prevent the backflow of
blood, allowing blood to flow in
one direction.

• The valve between the right

atrium and the right ventricle is
called the

• The valve between the left

atrium and the left ventricle is
called the
•trcuspid valve - shuts tightly to prevent
blood from flowing back into the right
atrium.
•mitral valve-regulates the flow of blood
from your lungs into the left ventricle, the
main pumping chamber.
• The special wall separating
the right and left atria is
called the

prevents mixing of
oxygenated and deoxygenated
blood.
• Blood vessels transport blood throughout the body
• Its three major kinds are the , , and
1. Arteries
• the largest blood vessels consisting of three layers
• carry oxygenated blood away from the heart
• the pulmonary artery is the only artery that carries deoxygenated
blood toward the lungs

2. Veins
• thinner compared to arteries
• carry deoxygenated blood toward the heart, except for the
pulmonary vein which carries oxygenated blood to the heart
• the superior and inferior vena cava are the largest veins in the
body that carry deoxygenated blood to the heart
3. Capillaries
• the smallest blood vessels in the body
• enable the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and carbon dioxide between the
blood and cells surrounding them
• Blood is a connective tissue that looks like a plain red fluid
• It is made up of different kinds of cells: red blood cells
(erythrocytes or RBCs), white blood cells (leukocytes or
WBCs), and platelets (thrombocytes). These blood cells are
suspended in plasma, the liquid portion of the blood
1. Red Blood Cells
• also known as erythrocytes, the red blood
cells lack nuclei
• these cells are produced in the bone
marrow and circulate 120 days in the body
before they are recycled. After 120 days, the
RBCs are destroyed in the liver and
decompose into heme and globin. Heme is
further decomposed into iron and bilirubin;
globin is a protein needed for growth and
development
• its main function is to carry oxygen
throughout the body. They are rich in
hemoglobin which binds with oxygen. This
oxygen is given to individual cells for the
synthesis of energy through cellular
respiration.
2. White Blood Cells
• also known as leukocytes, white
blood cells are cells with nuclei
• larger than RBCs in size but fewer in
number. An increase in their
number indicates infection
• act as soldiers that defend the
body from infections
3. Platelets
• also known as thrombocytes,
these are cells without nuclei and
are considered the smallest blood
cells
• prevent blood loss by clogging
injured blood vessels. A protein
called fibrin traps platelets that
causes the clogging of damaged
blood vessels
Three Types of Circulation
1. Coronary Circulation
• provides the heart with oxygenated blood
• circulation of blood within the heart
• the movement of blood throughout the vessels that
supply the myocardium also known as the heart muscle.
• is mainly made up of arteries and veins.
Three Types of Circulation
1. Coronary Circulation
• the arterial supply of the heart starts with the branching
out of the left and right coronary arteries from the base
of the aorta.
• The aorta is like a superhighway that carries oxygenated
blood from the heart to the rest of the body and the
heart itself is the first exit off that highway!
• The blood meets the rest of the deoxygenated venous blood
delivered via the inferior and superior vena cava, then passes to
the right ventricle, through the pulmonary trunk and finally the
lungs where the red blood cells can pick up oxygen and dump off
carbon dioxide.
2. Pulmonary Circulation
• moves blood between
the heart and the lungs.
• transports oxygen-poor
blood from the right
ventricle to the lungs,
where blood picks up a
new blood supply. Then
it returns the oxygen-
rich blood to the left
atrium.
• carries deoxygenated
blood away from the
right ventricle, to the
lungs, and returns
oxygenated blood to
the left atrium and
ventricle of the heart.
3. Systematic Circulation
• moves blood between
the heart and the rest of
the body
• carries oxygenated blood
from the left ventricle,
through the arteries, to
the capillaries in the
tissues of the body. From
the tissue capillaries, the
deoxygenated blood
returns through a system
of veins to the right
atrium of the heart.
• https://www.circulationfoundation.org.uk/document-
library/circulatory-system
• https://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/circulatory-
system#2
• https://www.visiblebody.com/learn/circulatory/circulatory-
pulmonary-systemic-circulation
• https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/cardiovascular/blood/path
ways.html