. HUMAN CULTURAL VARIATION/ SOCIAL DIFFERENCES MR. CARL PATRICK S.

TADEO Senior High School

(SHS) Teacher 0907-690-2879 |carlpatricksahaguntadeo@gmail.com

2. Human Cultural Variation: A Definition •It refers to the differences in social behaviors that different
cultures exhibit around the world. What may be considered good etiquette in one culture may be
considered bad etiquette in another. (globalsociology.pbworks.com).

3. Social Differences: A Definition •The differences among the individuals on the basis of social
characteristics and qualities. (http://references- definitions.blurtit.com/316924/what-is-the- meaning-
of-social-differences)

4. CULTURAL VARIATION Religion Ethnicity Nationality

5. RELIGION • ‘religare’ a Latin word – ‘to bind together’ • is a system of beliefs and practices as well as
systems of actions directed toward entities which are above men • is an organized system of ideas
about the spiritual sphere or the supernatural

6. RELIGION

7. CULTURAL VARIATION Religion Ethnicity Nationality

8. ETHNICITY • It is the expression of the set of cultural ideas held by a distinct ethics or indigenous
group.

9. ETHNICITY

10. CULTURAL VARIATION Religion Ethnicity Nationality

11. NATIONALITY • It is the legal relationship that binds a person and a country. • It allows the state to
protect and have jurisdiction over a person.

12. SOCIAL DIFFERENCES Gender Socio-economic Status Exceptionality

13. GENDER • It is the socially-constructed characteristics of being male of female. • Serve as guide on
how males and females think and act about themselves. • Gender vs Sex • LGBTQi (Lesbian, Gay,
Bisexual, Transgender, Queer/Questioning, Intersex)

14. GENDER vs SEX • One's sense of self as masculine or feminine regardless of external genitalia. •
Socially constructed characteristics • Personality characteristics • It is biological • It refers to a person
based on their anatomy • Bodies

15. LGBTQi • Lesbian - A woman who is emotionally, romantically, or sexually attracted to other women.
• Gay - Men attracted emotionally, romantically, and/or sexually to men. • Bisexual - A person who is
attracted to two sexes or two genders, but not necessarily simultaneously or equally.

16. LGBTQi • Transgender - Transgender (sometimes shortened to trans or TG) people are those whose
psychological self ("gender identity") differs from the social expectations for the physical sex they were
born with. • Queer/Questioning - a person who is attracted to multiple genders • Intersex -
Intersexuality is a set of medical conditions that feature congenital anomaly of the reproductive and
sexual system.
17. SOCIAL DIFFERENCES Gender Socio-economic Status Exceptionality

18. SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS •It refers to the category of persons who have more or less the same
socio-economic priveleges. •Upper class •Middle class •Lower class

19. SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS

20. SOCIAL DIFFERENCES Gender Socio-economic Status Exceptionality

21. EXCEPTIONALITY •It refers to the state of being intellectually gifted and/or having physically or
mentally challenged conditions

22. EXCEPTIONALITY • Personality/ behavior • Communication (learning disability, speech impairment,

and hearing problems) • Intellect (mild intellectual & mental development disabilities) • Physical
appearance (blind-low vision) • Or combination of more than one specific exceptionality/disability.

23. Cultural Variation Between Cultures • If human cultures modify the natural environment, it is also
true that the natural environment initially shaped, and still shapes to some extent, the culture of society.

24. Variation Between Cultures • The Japanese diet consists largely of fish, seafood and vegetables
because Japan is an archipelago and the sea provided consistent sources of food and, with one
twentieth of the surface of the United States, there is no room for grazing land for raising beef cattle.
Similarly, climate, soil, and geography affect cultural aspects.

25. VARIATION WITHIN CULTURES

26. SUBCULTURE 1. SUBCULTURES - A segment of society which shares a distinctive pattern of mores,
folkways, and values which differ from the pattern of larger society. It is a culture within a culture. -
These are groups that have specific cultural traits that set them apart from the dominant culture.

27. Example of Subculture (Activities done during December in the United States of America)
HANUKKAH - a lesser Jewish festival, lasting eight days from the 25th day of Kislev (in December) and
commemorating the rededication of the Temple in 165 BC by the Maccabees after its desecration by the
Syrians. It is marked by the successive kindling of eight lights. MENORAH - a candelabrum used in Jewish
worship, especially one with eight branches and a central socket used at Hanukkah. KWANZAA - a
secular festival observed by many African Americans from December 26 to January 1 as a celebration of
their cultural heritage and traditional values.

28. Example of Subculture (Activities done during December in the United States of America) WINTER
SOLSTICE - the solstice that marks the onset of winter, at the time of the shortest day, about December
22 in the northern hemisphere and June 21 in the southern hemisphere.

29. COUNTER CULTURE • is a group whose values and norms place it at odds with mainstream society or
a group that actively rejects dominant cultural values and norms. In most Western countries, the 1960s
saw the rise of different countercultural groups and social movements that sought to dismantle the
different inequalities that were then part of the dominant culture, such as racism (Civil Rights
movement), sexism (modern Feminist movement) and homophobia (Gay rights movement).

30. COUNTER CULTURE • More recently, paramilitary groups, militias and survivalist groups constitute
countercultures as they reject the social changes that came out of the 1960s and became part of the
mainstream. A paramilitary is a semi- militarized force whose organizational structure, tactics, training,
subculture, and (often) function are similar to those of a professional military, and which is not included
as part of a state's formal armed forces. MILITIA - a military force that engages in rebel or terrorist
activities, typically in opposition to a regular army.

31. Falun Gong - a spiritual movement active in China The Chinese government has banned this
movement. Its practitioners are regularly imprisoned for advocating superstition and spreading social
disorder. In a country where religion is outlawed, a spiritual sect (there is debate as to whether Falun
Gong is merely a spiritual movement or a cult) constitutes a countercultural movement, seen as
challenging established norms.

32. HIGH CULTURE / POPULAR CULTURE • "High culture" is a term now used in a number of different
ways in academic discourse, whose most common meaning is the set of cultural products, mainly in the
arts, held in the highest esteem by a culture. • POPULAR CULTURE - culture based on the tastes of
ordinary people rather than an educated elite.

33. References: • https://faisal2050.wordpress.com/2008/12/16 /culture-2/ •

https://globalsociology.pbworks.com/w/page/ 14711170/Cultural%20Variation