Automobile Industry in India

Automobile Industry in India has witnessed a tremendous growth in recent years and is all set to carry
on the momentum in the foreseeable future. Indian automobile industry has come a long way since the
first car ran on the streets of Bombay in 1898. Today, automobile sector in India is one of the key sectors
of the economy in terms of the employment. Directly and indirectly it employs more than 10 million
people and if we add the number of people employed in the auto-component and auto ancillary
industry then the number goes even higher.

The automobile industry comprises of heavy vehicles (trucks, buses, tempos, tractors); passenger cars;
and two-wheelers. Heavy vehicles section is dominated by Tata-Telco, Ashok Leyland, Eicher Motors,
Mahindra and Mahindra, and Bajaj. The major car manufacturers in India are Hindustan Motors, Maruti
Udyog, Fiat India Private Ltd., Ford India Ltd., General Motors India Pvt. Ltd., Honda Siel Cars India Ltd.,
Hyundai Motors India Ltd., and Skoda India Private Ltd., Toyota Motors, Tata Motors etc. The dominant
players in the two-wheeler sector are Hero Honda, Bajaj, TVS, Honda Motorcycle & Scooter India (Pvt.)
Ltd., Yamaha etc.

In the initial years after independence Indian automobile industry was plagued by unfavourable
government policies. All it had to offer in the passenger car segment was a 1940s Morris model called
the Ambassador and a 1960s Suzuki-derived model called the Maruti 800. The automobile sector in India
underwent a metamorphosis as a result of
the liberalization policies initiated in the 1991. Measures such as relaxation of the foreign exchange and
equity regulations, reduction of tariffs on imports, and refining the banking policies played a vital role in
turning around the Indian automobile industry. Until the mid 1990s, the Indian auto sector consisted of
just a handful of local companies. However, after the sector opened to foreign direct investment in
1996, global majors moved in. Automobile industry in India also received an unintended boost from
stringent government auto emission regulations over the past few years. This ensured that vehicles
produced in India conformed to the standards of the developed world.

Indian automobile industry has matured in last few years and offers differentiated products for different
segments of the society. It is currently making inroads into the rural middle class market after its inroads
into the urban markets and rural rich. In the recent years Indian automobile sector has witnessed a slew
of investments. India is on every major global automobile player's radar. Indian automobile industry is
also fast becoming an outsourcing hub for automobile companies worldwide, as indicated by the
zooming automobile exports from the country. Today, Hyundai, Honda, Toyota, GM, Ford and
Mitsubishi have set up their manufacturing bases in India. Due to rapid economic growth and higher
disposable income it is believed that the success story of the Indian automobile industry is not going to
end soon.

Some of the major characteristics of Indian automobile sector are:

  Second largest two-wheeler market in the world.
 Fourth largest commercial vehicle market in the world.
 11th largest passenger car market in the world
 Expected to become the world's third largest automobile market by 2030, behind only China
and the US.

Agriculture in India
Agriculture in India is one of the most important sectors of its economy. It is the means of livelihood of
almost two thirds of the work force in the country and according to the economic data for the financial
year 2006-07, agriculture accounts for 18% of India's GDP. About 43 % of India's geographical area is
used for agricultural activity. Though the share of Indian agriculture in the GDP has steadily declined, it is
still the single largest contributor to the GDP and plays a vital role in the overall socio-economic
development of India.

One of the biggest success stories of independent India is the rapid strides made in the field of
agriculture. From a nation dependent on food imports to feed its population, India today is not only self-
sufficient in grain production but also has substantial reserves. Dependence of India on agricultural
imports and the crises of food shortage encountered in 1960s convinced planners that India's growing
population, as well as concerns about national independence, security, and political stability, required
self-sufficiency in food production. This perception led to a program of agricultural improvement called
the Green Revolution. It involved bringing additional area under cultivation, extension of irrigation
facilities, the use of improved high-yielding variety of seeds, better techniques evolved through
agricultural research, water management, and plant protection through judicious use of fertilisers,
pesticides and cropping practices. All these measures had a salutary effect and the production of wheat
and rice witnessed quantum leap.

To carry improved technologies to farmers and to replicate the success achieved in the production of
wheat and rice a National Pulse Development Programme, covering 13 states, was launched in 1986.
Similarly, a Technology Mission on Oilseeds was launched in 1986 to increase production of oilseeds in
the country and attain self-sufficiency. Pulses were brought under the Technology Mission in 1990. After
the setting up of the Technology Mission, there has been consistent improvement in the production of
oilseeds. A new seeds policy has been adopted to provide access to high-quality seeds and plant
material for vegetables, fruit, flowers, oilseeds and pulses, without in any way compromising quarantine
conditions. To give fillip to the agriculture and make it more profitable, Ministry of Food Processing
Industries was set up in July 1988. Government has also taken initiatives to encourage private sector
investment in the food processing industry.

However, there are still a host of issues that need to be addressed regarding Indian agriculture. Indian
agriculture is heavily dependent on monsoons. The monsoons play a critical role in determining whether
the harvest will be rich, average, or poor. The structural weaknesses of the agriculture sector are
reflected in the low level of public investment, exhaustion of the yield potential of new high yielding
varieties of wheat and rice, unbalanced fertilizer use, low seeds replacement rate, an inadequate
incentive system and post harvest value addition.

There is an urgent need for second green revolution in Indian agriculture and taking it to a higher
trajectory of 4 per cent annual growth. Following steps need to be taken to achieve this objective:

 Doubling the rate of growth of irrigated area;

 Reclaiming degraded land and focusing on soil quality;
 Improving water management, rain water harvesting and watershed development;
 Bridging the knowledge gap through effective extension services;
 Diversifying into high value outputs, fruits, vegetables, flowers, herbs and spices, medicinal
plants, bamboo, bio-diesel, but with adequate measures to ensure food security;
 Providing easy access to credit at affordable rates.

Aviation Industry in India

Aviation Industry in India is one of the fastest growing aviation industries in the world. With the
liberalization of the Indian aviation sector, aviation industry in India has undergone a rapid
transformation. From being primarily a government-owned industry, the Indian aviation industry is now
dominated by privately owned full service airlines and low cost carriers. Private airlines account for
around 75% share of the domestic aviation market. Earlier air travel was a privilege only a few could
afford, but today air travel has become much cheaper and can be afforded by a large number of people.

The origin of Indian civil aviation industry can be traced back to 1912, when the first air flight between
Karachi and Delhi was started by the Indian State Air Services in collaboration with the UK based
Imperial Airways. It was an extension of London-Karachi flight of the Imperial Airways. In 1932, JRD Tata
founded Tata Airline, the first Indian airline. At the time of independence, nine air transport companies
were carrying both air cargo and passengers. These were Tata Airlines, Indian National Airways, Air
service of India, Deccan Airways, Ambica Airways, Bharat Airways, Orient Airways and Mistry Airways.
After partition Orient Airways shifted to
Pakistan.

In early 1948, Government of India established a joint sector company, Air India International Ltd in
collaboration with Air India (earlier Tata Airline) with a capital of Rs 2 crore and a fleet of three Lockheed
constellation aircraft. The inaugural flight of Air India International Ltd took off on June 8, 1948 on the
Mumbai-London air route. The Government nationalized nine airline companies vide the Air
Corporations Act, 1953. Accordingly it established the Indian Airlines Corporation (IAC) to cater to
domestic air travel passengers and Air India International (AI) for international air travel passengers. The
assets of the existing airline companies were transferred to these two corporations. This Act ensured
that IAC and AI had a monopoly over the Indian skies. A third government-owned airline, Vayudoot,
which provided feeder services between smaller cities, was merged with IAC in 1994. These
government-owned airlines dominated Indian aviation industry till the mid-1990s.
In April 1990, the Government adopted open-sky policy and allowed air taxi- operators to operate flights
from any airport, both on a charter and a non charter basis and to decide their own flight schedules,
cargo and passenger fares. In 1994, the Indian Government, as part of its open sky policy, ended the
monopoly of IA and AI in the air transport services by repealing the Air Corporations Act of 1953 and
replacing it with the Air Corporations (Transfer of Undertaking and Repeal) Act, 1994. Private operators
were allowed to provide air transport services. Foreign direct investment (FDI) of up to 49 percent
equity stake and NRI (Non Resident Indian) investment of up to 100 percent equity stake were permitted
through the automatic FDI route in the domestic air transport services sector. However, no foreign
airline could directly or indirectly hold equity in a domestic airline company.

By 1995, several private airlines had ventured into the aviation business and accounted for more than 10
percent of the domestic air traffic. These included Jet Airways Sahara, NEPC Airlines, East West Airlines,
ModiLuft Airlines, Jagsons Airlines, Continental Aviation, and Damania Airways. But only Jet Airways and
Sahara managed to survive the competition. Meanwhile, Indian Airlines, which had dominated the
Indian air travel industry, began to lose market share to Jet Airways and Sahara. Today, Indian aviation
industry is dominated by private airlines and these include low cost carriers such as Deccan Airlines,
GoAir, SpiceJet etc, who have made air travel affordable.

Airline industry in India is plagued with several problems. These include high aviation turbine fuel (ATF)
prices, rising labor costs and shortage of skilled labor, rapid fleet expansion, and intense price
competition among the players. But one of the major challenges facing Indian aviation industry is
infrastructure constraint. Airport infrastructure needs to be upgraded rapidly if Indian aviation industry
has to continue its success story. Some steps have been taken in this direction. Two of India's largest
airports-Mumbai and New Delhi-were privatized recently. Two greenfield airports are coming up at
Bangalore and Hyderabad in southern India. Investments are pouring into almost all aspects of the
industry, including aircraft maintenance, pilot training and air cargo services. The future prospects of
Indian aviation sector look bright.

BPO Industry in India

Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) is one of the fastest growing segments of the Information
Technology Enabled Services (ITES) industry in India. Business Process Outsourcing refers to the
delegation of one or more IT-intensive business processes to an external provider that in turn owns,
administers and manages the selected
process based on defined and measurable performance criteria.

The trend to outsource work is on rise in today's competitive environment. There are number of reasons
behind the increasing trend of outsourcing. Firstly, companies want to focus on mission-critical issues
and are not interested in frittering away time and energy on non-core functions. Secondly, as businesses
grow exponentially, the companies do not have resources have resources to cope with the growth and
as a result they outsource part of their business processes. Thirdly, companies may not have the best
talent and skills to do the job themselves. Lastly, converging technologies of telecommunication,
information technology and media have redefined the way we do business and have made outsourcing
possible.

There are a number of advantages of outsourcing. Major among them are: (1) Reduce overheads and
free up resources, (2) Improves Efficiency, (3) Offloads non-core functions, (4) Gives access to specialized
skills, (5) Saves on manpower and training costs, (6) Reduces operating costs, (7) Enhances tactical and
strategic advantages, (8) Spreads risks, (9) Provides the best quality services, products and people, and
(10) Helps to focus scarce resources on time-critical projects.

Some of typical services and processes that are outsourced include: Technical Support Services,
Telemarketing Services, Insurance Processing, Data Entry Services / Data Processing Services, Data
Conversion Services, Book Keeping and Accounting Services et al.

The Indian BPO industry is constantly growing and a lot of Fortune 500 companies are outsourcing
services to India. There are several reasons for India's emergence as one of leading outsourcing
destinations. India is very rich in educated and talented human resource. India is one of the pioneers in
software development. India has a mature industrial set up with world class systems. India has excellent
technical facilities and infrastructure for setting up call centers. Time zone difference between India and
America has also worked to the advantage of Indian BPO industry. India has an 8-12 hour time zone
difference with respect to the US and other developed markets. Most of the Indian call centers servicing
American customers have timings between 5:30 p.m. to 9:30 a.m. This time zone difference allows
Indian companies BPOs to service American clients by working in the nights. Last, but not the least, India
has a huge pool of English speaking workforce that provides excellent voice based services at extremely
competitive costs resulting in huge savings for companies. Some of the leading BPO companies in India
are: GE Capital, Convergys, Wipro Spectramind, WNS, Dell, Daksh e-Services, ICICI OneSource, and
MphasiS.

Some of the problems afflicting Indian BPO industry are high attrition rate, and backlash in developed
countries against perceived job losses due to outsourcing to India. To tackle the problem of attrition
companies are adopting measures such as good rewards, bonding programme, flexible working hours
and stronger career path. As regards backlash against outsourcing, the backlash is mainly political. There
is compelling economic logic for companies to outsource to India and also Indian BPO companies have
taken initiatives allay fears of job loss.
Cement Industry in India
Cement Industry in India is on a roll at the moment. Driven by a booming real estate sector, global
demand and increased activity in infrastructure development such as state and national highways, the
cement industry has witnessed tremendous growth. Production capacity has gone up and top cement
companies of the world are vying to enter the Indian market, thereby sparking off a spate of mergers
and acquisitions. Indian cement industry is currently ranked second in the world.

The origins of Indian cement industry can be traced back to 1914 when the first unit was set-up at
Porbandar with a capacity of 1000 tonnes. Today cement industry comprises of 125 large cement plants
and more than 300 mini cement plants. The Cement Corporation of India, which is a Central Public
Sector Undertaking, has 10 units. There are 10 large cement plants owned by various State
Governments. Cement industry in India has also made tremendous strides in technological upgradation
and assimilation of latest technology. Presently, 93 per cent of the total capacity in the industry is based
on modern and environment-friendly dry process technology. The induction of advanced technology has
helped the industry immensely to conserve energy and fuel and to save materials substantially. Indian
cement industry has also acquired technical capability to produce different types of cement like
Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC), Portland Blast Furnace Slag Cement
(PBFS), Oil Well Cement, Rapid Hardening Portland Cement, Sulphate Resisting Portland Cement, White
Cement etc. Some of the major clusters of cement industry in India are: Satna (Madhya Pradesh),
Chandrapur (Maharashtra), Gulbarga
(Karnataka), Yerranguntla (Andhra Pradesh), Nalgonda (Andhra Pradesh), Bilaspur (Chattisgarh), and
Chandoria (Rajasthan).

Cement industry in India is currently going through a consolidation phase. Some examples of
consolidation in the Indian cement industry are: Gujarat Ambuja taking a stake of 14 per cent in ACC,
and taking over DLF Cements and Modi Cement; ACC taking over IDCOL; India Cement taking over Raasi
Cement and Sri Vishnu Cement; and Grasim's acquisition of the cement business of L&T, Indian Rayon's
cement division, and Sri Digvijay Cements. Foreign cement companies are also picking up stakes in large
Indian cement companies. Swiss cement major Holcim has picked up 14.8 per cent of the promoters'
stake in Gujarat Ambuja Cements (GACL). Holcim's acquisition has led to the emergence of two major
groups in the Indian cement industry, the Holcim-ACC-Gujarat Ambuja Cements combine and the Aditya
Birla group through Grasim Industries and Ultratech Cement. Lafarge, the French cement major has
acquired the cement plants of Raymond and Tisco. Italy based Italcementi has acquired a stake in the
K.K. Birla promoted Zuari Industries' cement plant in Andhra Pradesh, and German cement company
Heidelberg Cement has entered into an equal joint-venture agreement with S P Lohia Group controlled
Indo-Rama Cement.

Issues concerning Cement Industry

 High Transportation Cost is affecting the competitiveness of the cement industry. Freight
accounts for 17% of the production cost. Road is the preferred mode for transportation for
 distances less than 250km. However, industry is heavily dependant on roads for longer distances
too as the railway infrastructure is not adequate.
 Cement industry is highly capital intensive industry and nearly 55-60% of the inputs are
controlled by the government.
 There is regional imbalance in the distribution of cement industry. Limestone availability in
pockets has led to uneven capacity additions.
 Coal availability and quality is also affecting the production.

Outlook
Outlook for the cement industry looks quite bright. Given the sustained growth in the real estate sector,
the government's emphasis on infrastructure and increased global demand, it looks as if the juggernaut
of cement industry would continue to roll on the path of growth.

Fashion Industry in India

Fashion Industry in India is in nascent stage at the moment and has great potential to make its mark on
the world stage. Indian fashion has thousands of years of tradition behind it. India has a rich and varied
textile heritage. Each region of India has its own unique native costume and traditional attire. Fashion
Industry in India is growing at a rapid pace with international events such as the India Fashion Week
gaining popularity and annual shows by fashion designers being held in the major cities of India.

Indian fashion industry got a big boost by the victories of a number of Indian beauty queens in
International events such as the Miss World and Miss Universe. Contests such as these made Indian
models recognized worldwide. Indian fashion designers such as Ritu Kumar, Ritu Beri, Rohit Bal, Rina
Dhaka, Tarun Tahiliani, JJ Valaya and Manish Malhotra have also made their mark in the global fashion
arena.

Apart from the rich tradition the strength of the Indian fashion industry also rests on strong raw material
availability. India is the third largest
producer of cotton, the second largest producer of silk and the fifth largest producer of man-made fibres
in the world. India also possesses large number of skilled human resources and has among the lowest
labour costs in the world.

With the end of quota regime on January 1, 2005 the prospects for Indian fashion industry look upbeat.
India is among the largest exporters of textile garments and fabrics. The quota regime restricted free
export of materials and garments from the developing countries, giving an edge to developed ones. The
regime resulted in unfair trade practices, such as hoarding of licenses for quotas and their eventual sale
in the black market, and the shipping of low quality goods to meet contract demands. There was little
incentive for the manufacturers to upgrade and improve either their products or manufacturing abilities.
The end of the quota regime heralds the prospects of exponential growth for the fashion industries of
countries like India that had faced quota restrictions earlier.
Indian fashion industry needs to take following steps to fulfill its growth potential:

 Indian fashion industry needs to create global image. There are various agencies that can assist
in the brandbuilding exercise. The Apparel Export Promotion Council (AEPC), other textile
promotion councils, and industry associations such as Confederation of Indian Industries can
market Indian fashion globally.
 Large textiles players must develop linkages with small medium enterprise (SME) clusters. Such
networks would be a win-win for textile players that can concentrate on demand creation and
branding as well as for clusters that can focus on quality production.
 Indian fashion industry has to forge designer-corporate links as is the norm in global fashion
industry.
 There is a large part of the novice designer community, possibly more talented, which remains
obscure. Hence there is an urgent need to give exposure to young and budding designers.

If we are able to take the above mentioned issues to their logical conclusion then there is no reason why
Indian fashion industry cannot achieve its tremendous potential.

Foreign Direct Investment in India

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in India in growing rapidly. Foreign direct investment is an integral part
of an open and effective international economic system and a major catalyst to development. FDI is
highly beneficial for a country like India. Empirical studies suggest that FDI triggers technology spillovers,
assists human capital formation, contributes to international trade integration, helps create a more
competitive business environment and enhances enterprise development. All these factors contribute to
higher economic growth and consequently
aid in alleviating poverty. Apart from bestowing economic benefits FDI may also help improve
environmental and social conditions by transferring "cleaner" technologies and leading to more socially
responsible corporate policies.

Foreign Direct Investment in India is permitted as under the following forms of investments:

 Through financial collaborations.

 Through joint ventures and technical collaborations.
 Through capital markets via Euro issues.
 Through private placements or preferential allotments.

FDI is not permitted in the following industrial sectors:

 Arms and ammunition.

 Atomic Energy.
 Railway Transport.
 Coal and lignite.
 Mining of iron, manganese, chrome, gypsum, sulphur, gold, diamonds, copper, zinc.
Foreign direct investments in India are approved through two routes:

1. Automatic approval by RBI: The Reserve Bank of India accords automatic approval within a period of
two weeks (provided certain parameters are met) to all proposals involving:

 Foreign equity up to 50% in 3 categories relating to mining activities.

 Foreign equity up to 51% in 48 specified industries.
 Foreign equity up to 74% in 9 categories.

Investments in high-priority industries or for trading companies primarily engaged in exporting are given
almost automatic approval by the RBI.

FDI in India on automatic route is not allowed in the following sectors:

 Proposals that require an industrial licence and cases where foreign investment is more than
24% in the equity capital of units manufacturing items reserved for the small scale industries.
 Proposals in which the foreign collaborator has a previous venture/tie-up in India.
 Proposals relating to acquisition of shares in an existing Indian company in favour of a
Foreign/Non-Resident Indian (NRI)/Overseas Corporate Body (OCB) investor; and
 Proposals falling outside notified sectoral policy/caps or under sectors in which FDI is not
permitted and/or whenever any investor chooses to make an application to the Foreign
Investment Promotion Board and not to avail of the automatic route.

2. FIPB Route: Foreign Investment Promotion Board (FIPB) is a competent body to consider and
recommend foreign direct investment, which do not come under the automatic route. Normal
processing time of an FDI proposal in FIPB is 4 to 6 weeks. FIPB is located in the Department of Economic
Affairs, Ministry of Finance. Its constitution is as follows:

 Secretary, Department of Economic Affairs (Chairman)

 Secretary, Department of Industrial Policy & Promotion (Member)
 Secretary, Department of Commerce (Member)
 Secretary, (Economic Relation), Ministry of External Affairs (Member)

FIPB can co-opt Secretaries to the Govt. of India and other top officials of financial institutions, banks
and professional experts of industry and commerce, as and when necessary.

Foreign Investment Implementation Authority (FIIA)

Government has set up Foreign Investment Implementation Authority (FIIA) to facilitate quick
translation of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) approvals into implementation by providing a pro-active
one stop after care service to foreign investors, help them obtain necessary approvals and by sorting
their operational problems. FIIA is assisted by Fast Track Committee (FTC), which have been established
in 30 Ministries/Departments of Government of India for monitoring and resolution of difficulties for
sector specific projects.
Hotel Industry in India
Hotel Industry in India has witnessed tremendous boom in recent years. Hotel Industry is inextricably
linked to the tourism industry and the growth in the Indian tourism industry has fuelled the growth of
Indian hotel industry. The thriving economy and increased business opportunities in India have acted as
a boon for Indian hotel industry. The arrival of low cost airlines and the associated price wars have given
domestic tourists a host of options. The 'Incredible India' destination campaign and the recently
launched 'Atithi Devo Bhavah' (ADB) campaign have also helped in the growth of domestic and
international tourism and consequently the hotel industry.

In recent years government has taken several steps to boost travel & tourism which have benefited
hotel industry in India. These include the abolishment of the inland air travel tax of 15%; reduction in
excise duty on aviation turbine fuel to 8%; and removal of a number of restrictions on outbound
chartered flights, including those relating to frequency and size of aircraft. The government's recent
decision to treat convention centres as part of core infrastructure, allowing the government to provide
critical funding for the large capital investment that may be required has also fuelled the demand for
hotel rooms.

The opening up of the aviation industry in India has exciting opportunities for hotel industry as it relies
on airlines to transport 80% of international arrivals. The government's decision to substantially upgrade
28 regional airports in smaller towns and privatization & expansion of Delhi and Mumbai airport will
improve the business prospects of hotel industry in India. Substantial investments in tourism
infrastructure are essential for Indian hotel
industry to achieve its potential. The upgrading of national highways connecting various parts of India
has opened new avenues for the development of budget hotels in India. Taking advantage of this
opportunity Tata group and another hotel chain called 'Homotel' have entered this business segment.

According to a report, Hotel Industry in India currently has supply of 110,000 rooms and there is a
shortage of 150,000 rooms fueling hotel room rates across India. According to estimates demand is
going to exceed supply by at least 100% over the next 2 years. Five-star hotels in metro cities allot same
room, more than once a day to different guests, receiving almost 24-hour rates from both guests against
6-8 hours usage. With demand-supply disparity, hotel rates in India are likely to rise by 25% annually and
occupancy by 80%, over the next two years. This will affect the competitiveness of India as a cost-
effective tourist destination.

To overcome, this shortage Indian hotel industry is adding about 60,000 quality rooms, currently in
different stages of planning and development, which should be ready by 2012. Hotel Industry in India is
also set to get a fillip with Delhi hosting 2010 Commonwealth Games. Government has approved 300
hotel projects, nearly half of which are in the luxury range. The future scenario of Indian hotel industry
looks extremely rosy. It is expected that the budget and mid-market hotel segment will witness huge
growth and expansion while the luxury segment will continue to perform extremely well over the next
few years.
nsurance Sector in India
Insurance sector in India is one of the booming sectors of the economy and is growing at the rate of 15-
20 per cent annum. Together with banking services, it contributes to about 7 per cent to the country's
GDP. Insurance is a federal subject in India and Insurance industry in India is governed by Insurance Act,
1938, the Life Insurance Corporation Act, 1956 and General Insurance Business (Nationalisation) Act,
1972, Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA) Act, 1999 and other related Acts.

The origin of life insurance in India can be traced back to 1818 with the establishment of the Oriental
Life Insurance Company in Calcutta. It was conceived as a means to provide for English Widows. In those
days a higher premium was charged for Indian lives than the non-Indian lives as Indian lives were
considered riskier for coverage. The Bombay Mutual Life Insurance Society that started its business in
1870 was the first company to charge same premium for both Indian and non-Indian lives. In 1912,
insurance regulation formally began with the passing of Life Insurance Companies Act and the Provident
Fund Act.

By 1938, there were 176 insurance companies in India. But a number of frauds during 1920s and 1930s
tainted the image of insurance industry in India. In 1938, the first comprehensive legislation regarding
insurance was introduced with the passing of Insurance Act of 1938 that provided strict State Control
over insurance business.

Insurance sector in India grew at a faster pace after independence. In 1956, Government of India
brought together 245 Indian and foreign
insurers and provident societies under one nationalised monopoly corporation and formed Life
Insurance Corporation (LIC) by an Act of Parliament, viz. LIC Act, 1956, with a capital contribution of Rs.5
crore.

The (non-life) insurance business/general insurance remained with the private sector till 1972. There
were 107 private companies involved in the business of general operations and their operations were
restricted to organised trade and industry in large cities. The General Insurance Business
(Nationalisation) Act, 1972 nationalised the general insurance business in India with effect from January
1, 1973. The 107 private insurance companies were amalgamated and grouped into four companies:
National Insurance Company, New India Assurance Company, Oriental Insurance Company and United
India Insurance Company. These were subsidiaries of the General Insurance Company (GIC).

In 1993, the first step towards insurance sector reforms was initiated with the formation of Malhotra
Committee, headed by former Finance Secretary and RBI Governor R.N. Malhotra. The committee was
formed to evaluate the Indian insurance industry and recommend its future direction with the objective
of complementing the reforms initiated in the financial sector.

Key Recommendations of Malhotra Committee

Structure

 Government stake in the insurance Companies to be brought down to 50%.

 Government should take over the holdings of GIC and its subsidiaries so that these subsidiaries
can act as independent corporations.
 All the insurance companies should be given greater freedom to operate.

Competition

 Private Companies with a minimum paid up capital of Rs.1billion should be allowed to enter the
industry.
 No Company should deal in both Life and General Insurance through a single Entity.
 Foreign companies may be allowed to enter the industry in collaboration with the domestic
companies.
 Postal Life Insurance should be allowed to operate in the rural market.
 Only one State Level Life Insurance Company should be allowed to operate in each state.

Regulatory Body

 The Insurance Act should be changed.

 An Insurance Regulatory body should be set up.
 Controller of Insurance should be made independent.

Investments

 Mandatory Investments of LIC Life Fund in government securities to be reduced from 75% to
50%.
 GIC and its subsidiaries are not to hold more than 5% in any company.

Customer Service

 LIC should pay interest on delays in payments beyond 30 days

 Insurance companies must be encouraged to set up unit linked pension plans.
 Computerisation of operations and updating of technology to be carried out in the insurance
industry.

Malhotra Committee also proposed setting up an independent regulatory body - The Insurance
Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA) to provide greater autonomy to insurance companies in
order to improve their performance and enable them to act as independent companies with economic
motives.

Insurance sector in India was liberalized in March 2000 with the passage of the Insurance Regulatory
and Development Authority (IRDA) Bill, lifting all entry restrictions for private players and allowing
foreign players to enter the market with some limits on direct foreign ownership. There is a 26 percent
equity cap for foreign partners in an insurance company. There is a proposal to increase this limit to 49
percent. The opening up of the insurance sector has led to rapid growth of the sector. Presently, there
are 16 life insurance companies and 15 non-life insurance companies in the market. The potential for
growth of insurance industry in India is immense as nearly 80 per cent of Indian population is without
life insurance cover while health insurance and non-life insurance continues to be well below
international standard

IT Industry in India
Information Technology (IT) industry in India is one of the fastest growing industries. Indian IT industry
has built up valuable brand equity for itself in the global markets. IT industry in India comprises of
software industry and information technology enabled services (ITES), which also includes business
process outsourcing (BPO) industry. India is considered as a pioneer in software development and a
favorite destination for IT-enabled services.

The origin of IT industry in India can be traced to 1974, when the mainframe manufacturer, Burroughs,
asked its India sales agent, Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), to export programmers for installing system
software for a U.S. client. The IT industry originated under unfavorable conditions. Local markets were
absent and government policy toward private enterprise was hostile. The industry was begun by
Bombay-based conglomerates which entered the business by supplying programmers to global IT firms
located overseas.

During that time Indian economy was state-controlled and the state remained hostile to the software
industry through the 1970s. Import tariffs were high (135% on hardware and 100% on software) and
software was not considered an "industry", so that exporters were ineligible for bank finance.
Government policy towards IT sector
changed when Rajiv Gandhi became Prime Minister in 1984. His New Computer Policy (NCP-1984)
consisted of a package of reduced import tariffs on hardware and software (reduced to 60%),
recognition of software exports as a "delicensed industry", i.e., henceforth eligible for bank finance and
freed from license-permit raj, permission for foreign firms to set up wholly-owned, export-dedicated
units and a project to set up a chain of software parks that would offer infrastructure at below-market
costs. These policies laid the foundation for the development of a world-class IT industry in India.

Today, Indian IT companies such as Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), Wipro, Infosys, HCL et al are
renowned in the global market for their IT prowess. Some of the major factors which played a key role in
India's emergence as key global IT player are:

Indian Education System

The Indian education system places strong emphasis on mathematics and science, resulting in a large
number of science and engineering graduates. Mastery over quantitative concepts coupled with English
proficiency has resulted in a skill set that has enabled India to reap the benefits of the current
international demand for IT.
High Quality Human Resource
Indian programmers are known for their strong technical and analytical skills and their willingness to
accommodate clients. India also has one of the largest pools of English-speaking professionals.

Competitive Costs
The cost of software development and other services in India is very competitive as compared to the
West.

Infrastructure Scenario
Indian IT industry has also gained immensely from the availability of a robust infrastructure (telecom,
power and roads) in the country.

In the last few years Indian IT industry has seen tremendous growth. Destinations such as Bangalore,
Hyderabad and Gurgaon have evolved into global IT hubs. Several IT parks have come up at Bangalore,
Hyderabad, Chennai, Pune, Gurgaon etc. These parks offer Silicon Valley type infrastructure. In the light
of all the factors that have added to the strength of Indian IT industry, it seems that Indian success story
is all set to continue.

Entertainment Industry in India

Entertainment Industry in India comprises of Film Industry and Television Industry. The Indian
entertainment industry is among the fastest growing sectors in the country. In the past two decades
entertainment industry in India has witnessed explosive growth. In television alone, from a single state
owned television network, Doordarshan in 1991, today there are over 300 national, regional and local
channels being beamed across the country. Indian film industry is the largest film industry in the world,
producing on an average, close to a thousand films a year in all languages. In terms of film production
India exceeds Hollywood's production volume by over three times. Some of the fastest growing
segments in the Indian entertainment industry include music, cable and satellite television, animation
and FM.

According to an estimate by FICCI and Ernst

and Young Indian entertainment industry would worth more than Rs. 400,000 million in 2008. Several
positive developments like the accordance of the 'industry' status to the film industry, satellite channel
penetration, the retail boom in the channels for music sales (Music World & Planet M), the use of digital
technology in all spheres of entertainment and the growth of multiplexes have contributed to the
growth of this sector.

Entertainment industry in India is presently in a consolidation phase as boundary lines between films,
music and television are fast disappearing. Skills and resources are being pooled extensively. Besides
adaptation to high-end digital technology, the entertainment industry is also witnessing rapid
development of state-of-the-art studios and post production facilities.
In terms of employment, an estimated 6 million people earn their livelihood from the entertainment
industry and this number is all set to grow. Entertainment industry in India is projected to be one of the
major economic driving forces of the country. In India, television is the major segment of entertainment
industry. Presently, India has the third largest television market in the world behind only china and the
USA. Today, television reaches about hundred million Indian households. India has the world's biggest
movie industry in terms of the number of movies produced. Presently, the technology of film-making in
India is perhaps the best among all developing countries. Indian film industry is now increasingly getting
professional and a lot of production houses such as Yash Raj Productions, Dharma Productions, Mukta
Arts etc. are now working on corporate lines.

The popularity of Indian entertainment industry goes well beyond the geographical frontiers of the
country. Indian television channels and films are viewed and enjoyed across the entire South Asia.
Across the Middle East, parts of South East Asia and Africa, large expatriate populations ensure that
Indian TV channels and films are a regular part of their entertainment bouquet. In UK and North America
(USA and Canada), Indian TV channels and films are increasingly finding a foothold beyond the
expatriate pockets as the audience there has started to enjoy and identify with the contemporary Indian
culture. Quite a few of Indian filmstars are also getting good offers from Hollywood.

The future prospects of Indian entertainment industry look to be extremely good. As India's profile rises
on the global stage outside interest in India's culture and entertainment industry is also bound to grow.

Oil & Gas Industry in India

The origin of oil & gas industry in India can be traced back to 1867 when oil was struck at Makum near
Margherita in Assam. At the time of Independence in 1947, the Oil & Gas industry was controlled by
international companies. India's domestic oil production was just 250,000 tonnes per annum and the
entire production was from one state - Assam.

The foundation of the Oil & Gas Industry in India was laid by the Industrial Policy Resolution, 1954, when
the government announced that petroleum would be the core sector industry. In pursuance of the
Industrial Policy Resolution, 1954, Government-owned National Oil Companies ONGC (Oil & Natural Gas
Commission), IOC (Indian Oil Corporation), and OIL (Oil India Ltd.) were formed. ONGC was formed as a
Directorate in 1955, and became a
Commission in 1956. In 1958, Indian Refineries Ltd, a government company was set up. In 1959, for
marketing of petroleum products, the government set up another company called Indian Refineries Ltd.
In 1964, Indian Refineries Ltd was merged with Indian Oil Company Ltd. to form Indian Oil Corporation
Ltd.

During 1960s, a number of oil and gas-bearing structures were discovered by ONGC in Gujarat and
Assam. Discovery of oil in significant quantities in Bombay High in February, 1974 opened up new
avenues of oil exploration in offshore areas. During 1970s and till mid 1980s exploratory efforts by ONGC
and OIL India yielded discoveries of oil and gas in a number of structures in Bassein, Tapti, Krishna-
Godavari-Cauvery basins, Cachar (Assam), Nagaland, and Tripura. In 1984-85, India achieved a self-
sufficiency level of 70% in petroleum products.

In 1984, Gas Authority of India Ltd. (GAIL) was set up to look after transportation, processing and
marketing of natural gas and natural gas liquids. GAIL has been instrumental in the laying of a 1700 km-
long gas pipeline (HBJ pipeline) from Hazira in Gujarat to Jagdishpur in Uttar Pradesh, passing through
Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh.

After Independence, India also made significant additions to its refining capacity. In the first decade after
independence, three coastal refineries were established by multinational oil companies operating in
India at that time. These included refineries by Burma Shell, and Esso Stanvac at Mumbai, and by Caltex
at Visakhapatnam. Today, there are a total of 18 refineries in the country comprising 17 in the Public
Sector, one in the private sector. The 17 Public sector refineries are located at Guwahati, Barauni, Koyali,
Haldia, Mathura, Digboi, Panipat, Vishakapatnam, Chennai, Nagapatinam, Kochi, Bongaigaon,
Numaligarh, Mangalore, Tatipaka, and two refineries in Mumbai. The private sector refinery built by
Reliance Petroleum Ltd is in Jamnagar. It is the biggest oil refinery in Asia.

By the end of 1980s, the petroleum sector was in the doldrums. Oil production had begun to decline
whereas there was a steady increase in consumption and domestic oil production was able to meet only
about 35% of the domestic requirement. The situation was further compounded by the resource crunch
in early 1990s. The Government had no money for the development of some of the then newly
discovered fields (Gandhar, Heera Phase-II and III, Neelam, Ravva, Panna, Mukta, Tapti, Lakwa Phase-II,
Geleki, Bombay High Final Development schemes etc. This forced the Government to go for the
petroleum sector reforms which had become inevitable if India had to attract funds and technology
from abroad into the petroleum sector.

The government in order to increase exploration activity, approved the New Exploration Licensing Policy
(NELP) in March 1997 to ensure level playing field in the upstream sector between private and public
sector companies in all fiscal, financial and contractual matters. This ensured there was no mandatory
state participation through ONGC/OIL nor there was any carried interest of the government.

To meet its growing petroleum demand, India is investing heavily in oil fields abroad. India's state-
owned oil firms already have stakes in oil and gas fields in Russia, Sudan, Iraq, Libya, Egypt, Qatar, Ivory
Coast, Australia, Vietnam and Myanmar. Oil and Gas Industry has a vital role to play in India's energy
security and if India has to sustain its high economic growth rate.

Paper Industry in India

Paper industry in India is the 15th largest paper industry in the world. It provides employment to nearly
1.5 million people and contributes Rs 25
billion to the government's kitty. The government regards the paper industry as one of the 35 high
priority industries of the country.

Paper industry is primarily dependent upon forest-based raw materials. The first paper mill in India was
set up at Sreerampur, West Bengal, in the year 1812. It was based on grasses and jute as raw material.
Large scale mechanized technology of papermaking was introduced in India in early 1905. Since then the
raw material for the paper industry underwent a number of changes and over a period of time, besides
wood and bamboo, other non-conventional raw materials have been developed for use in the
papermaking. The Indian pulp and paper industry at present is very well developed and established.
Now, the paper industry is categorized as forest-based, agro-based and others (waste paper, secondary
fibre, bast fibers and market pulp).

In 1951, there were 17 paper mills, and today there are about 515 units engaged in the manufacture of
paper and paperboards and newsprint in India. The pulp & paper industries in India have been
categorized into large-scale and small-scale. Those paper industries, which have capacity above 24,000
tonnes per annum are designated as large-scale paper industries. India is self-sufficient in manufacture
of most varieties of paper and paperboards. Import is confined only to certain specialty papers. To meet
part of its raw material needs the industry has to rely on imported wood pulp and waste paper.

Indian paper industry has been de-licensed under the Industries (Development & Regulation) Act, 1951
with effect from 17th July, 1997. The interested entrepreneurs are now required to file an Industrial
Entrepreneurs' Memorandum (IEM) with the Secretariat for Industrial Assistance (SIA) for setting up a
new paper unit or substantial expansion of the existing unit in permissible locations. Foreign Direct
Investment (FDI) up to 100% is allowed on automatic route on all activities except those requiring
industrial licenses where prior governmental approval is required.

Growth of paper industry in India has been constrained due to high cost of production caused by
inadequate availability and high cost of raw materials, power cost and concentration of mills in one
particular area. Government has taken several policy measures to remove the bottlenecks of availability
of raw materials and infrastructure development. For example, to overcome short supply of raw
materials, duty on pulp and waste paper and wood logs/chips has been reduced.

Following measures need to be taken to make Indian paper industry more competitive:

 Improvements of key ports, roads and railways and communication facilities.

 Revision of forest policy is required for wood based paper industry so that plantation can be
raised by industry, cooperatives of farmers, and state government. Degraded forest land should
be made available to the industry for raising plantations.
 Import duty on waste paper should be reduced.
 Duty free imports of new & second hand machinery/equipment should be allowed for
technology up gradation.

Outlook
Outlook for paper industry in India looks extremely positive as the demand for upstream market of
paper products, like, tissue paper, tea bags, filter paper, light weight online coated paper, medical grade
coated paper, etc., is growing up.

Pharmaceutical Industry in India

Pharmaceutical Industry in India is one of the largest and most advanced among the developing
countries. It provides employment to millions and ensures that essential drugs at affordable prices are
available to the vast population of India. Indian Pharmaceutical Industry has attained wide ranging
capabilities in the complex field of drug manufacture and technology. From simple pain killers to
sophisticated antibiotics and complex cardiac compounds, almost every type of drug is now made
indigenously.

Indian Pharma Industry is playing a key role in promoting and sustaining development in the vital field of
medicines. Around 70% of the country's demand for bulk drugs, drug intermediates, pharmaceutical
formulations, chemicals, tablets, capsules, orals and vaccines is met by Indian pharmaceutical industry. A
number of Indian pharmaceutical companies adhere to highest quality standards and are approved by
regulatory authorities in USA and UK.

Indian Pharmaceutical sector is highly fragmented with more than 20,000 registered units and is very
top heavy. The leading 250 pharmaceutical companies control 70% of the market with market leader
holding nearly 7% of the market share. There are also 5 Central Public Sector Units that manufacture
drugs. These units produce complete range of pharmaceuticals, which include medicines ready for
consumption by patients and about 350 bulk drugs, i.e., chemicals having therapeutic value and used for
production of pharmaceutical formulations.
India is largely self-sufficient in case of formulations. More than 85% of the formulations produced in the
country are sold in the domestic market. Some life saving, new generation under-patent formulations
are imported, by MNCs, which they market in India. Over 60% of India's bulk drug production is
exported. The balance is sold locally to other formulators.

Pharmaceutical Industry in India has been de-licensed and industrial licensing for most of the drugs and
pharmaceutical products has been done away with. Manufacturers are now free to produce any drug
duly approved by the Drug Control Authority. Indian pharmaceutical industry got a major boost with the
signing of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade in January 2005 with which India began recognising
global patents. After recognizing the global patent regime the Indian pharma market became a sought
after destination for foreign players.

India holds the lion's share of the world's contract research business as activity in the pharma market
continues to explode in this region. Over 15 prominent contract research organisations (CROs) are now
operating in India attracted by her ability to offer efficient R&D on a low-cost basis. Thirty five per cent
of business is in the field of new drug discovery and the rest 65 per cent of business is in the clinical trials
arena. India offers a huge cost advantage in the clinical trials domain compared to Western countries.
The cost of hiring a chemist in India is one-fifth of the cost of hiring a chemist in the West.
The future of Indian pharmaceutical sector looks extremely positive. Indian pharma companies are vying
for the branded generic drug space to register their global presence. Several Indian pharmaceutical
companies have acquired companies in the US and Europe and many others are raising funds to do so.
For example, Ranbaxy acquired Romania's Terapia, Ethimed NV of Belgium and GSK's generic business
Allen SpA in Italy. Dr Reddy's acquired German generic drug maker Betapharm. Companies like
Glenmark Pharma, Lupin, Aurobindo and Jubilant Organosys are on the lookout for lucrative
acquisitions.

Real Estate Sector

Real estate sector in India is witnessing tremendous boom. Real estate industry in India is presently
worth $12 billion and is growing at the rate of 30 per cent per annum. The importance of real estate
sector in India can be gauged from the fact that it is the second largest employer next only to
agriculture. The real estate industry has significant linkages with several other sectors of the economy
and over 250 associated industries. According to a study One Rupee invested in real estate sector results
in 78 paise being added to the GDP of the country.

Eighty percent share of the real estate market is garnered by residential sector and the rest is comprised
of offices, shopping malls, hotels and hospitals. The sustained demand from the Information Technology
(IT) sector has fuelled the growth of real estate sector. It has been estimated that the demand for IT
space would be 66 million square feet over the next five years. Several multinational companies are
shifting their operations to India to take advantage of the relatively low costs. With human resources
being the key element in this industry, hiring people and housing them assume great importance. The
need to create space for people to work and live triggers the development of other related
infrastructure.

Traditionally, the government's support to housing had been centralized and directed through the State
Housing Boards and development authorities. In 1970, the Government of India set up the Housing and
Urban Development Corporation (HUDCO) to finance housing and urban infrastructure activities. In
2002, the government permitted 100 per cent foreign direct investment (FDI) in housing through
integrated township development. However, FDI rules at the moment are quite stringent. For FDI in real
estate prior approval of the Foreign Investment Promotion Board is required, which, can be rather
tedious and there is a lock-in period for repatriation of the original capital invested for a period of three
years. On the top of it the rules stipulate a minimum land holding of 100 acres. Getting 100 acres of free
land in an urban area is almost impossible. Hence the permission of FDI in real estate hasn't had the
desired effect.

The boom in retail industry has also spurred the growth in real estate sector. India at the moment is
witnessing a spurt in extremely large retail spaces. Shopping malls with over 1 million sq ft of space have
become the order of the day. As the competition in the market intensifies, builders are going out of their
way to be different. Specialized malls, designer brands and multi-movie options are the order of the day.
With the big players like Reliance, Big Bazaar, and Bharti entering retail market, real estate sector would
be the big beneficiary.

The prospects for real estate industry in India looks buoyant. All the factors which contributed to the
growth of real estate sector-high disposable incomes, sharp increase in global liquidity, selective capital
account liberalization, looser credit policies, a greater availability of leverage due to financial
liberalization and a consequent increase in mortgage lending and price increases-look set to continue.

Retail Industry in India

Retail is India's largest industry. It accounts for over 10 per cent of the India's GDP and around eight per
cent of the employment. Retail sector is one of India's fastest growing sectors with a 5 per cent
compounded annual growth rate. India's huge middle class base and its untapped retail industry are key
attractions for global retail giants planning to enter newer markets. Driven by changing lifestyles, strong
income growth and favorable demographic patterns, Indian retail is expected to grow 25 per cent
annually. It is expected that retail in India could be worth US$ 175-200 billion by 2016.

The organized retail industry in India had not evolved till the early 1990s. Until then, the industry was
dominated by the un-organized sector. It was a sellers market, with a limited number of brands, and
little choice available to customers. Lack of trained manpower, tax laws and government regulations all
discouraged the growth of organized retailing in India during that period. Lack of consumer awareness
and restrictions over entry of foreign players into the sector also contributed to the delay in the growth
of organized retailing. Foundation for organized retail in India was laid by Kishore Biyani of Pantaloon
Retails India Limited (PRIL). Following Pantaloon's successful venture a host of Indian business giants
such as Reliance, Bharti, Birla and others are now entering into retail sector.

A number of factors are driving India's

retail market. These include: increase in the young working population, hefty pay-packets, nuclear
families in urban areas, increasing working-women population, increase in disposable income and
customer aspiration, increase in expenditure for luxury items, and low share of organized retailing.
India's retail boom is manifested in sprawling shopping centers, multiplex- malls and huge complexes
that offer shopping, entertainment and food all under one roof.

But there is a flip side to the boom in the retail sector. It is feared that the entry of global business giants
into organized retail would make redundant the neighbourhood kiryana stores resulting in dislocation in
traditional economic structure. Also, the growth path for organized retail in India is not hurdle free. The
taxation system still favours small retail business. With the intrinsic complexities of retailing such as
rapid price changes, constant threat of product obsolescence and low margins there is always a threat
that the venture may turn out to be a loss making one.

A perfect business model for retail is still in evolutionary stage. Procurement is very vital cog in the retail
wheel. The retailer has to fight issues like fragmented sourcing, unpredictable availability, unsorted food
provisions and daily fluctuating prices as against consumer expectations of round-the-year steady prices,
sorted and cleaned food and fresh stock at all times.

Trained human resource for retail is another big challenge. The talent base is limited and with the entry
of big giants there is a cat fight among them to retain this talent. This has resulted in big salary hikes at
the level of upper and middle management and thereby eroding the profit margin of the business. All
the companies have laid out ambitious expansion plans for themselves and they may be hampered due
lack of requisite skilled manpower.

But retail offers tremendous for the growth of Indian economy. If all the above challenges are tackled
prudently there is a great potential that retail may offer employment opportunities to millions living in
small town and cities and in the process distributing the benefits of economic boom and resulting in
equitable growth.

Service Sector in India

Service Sector in India today accounts for more than half of India's GDP. According to data for the
financial year 2006-2007, the share of services, industry, and agriculture in India's GDP is 55.1 per cent,
26.4 per cent, and 18.5 per cent respectively. The fact that the service sector now accounts for more
than half the GDP marks a watershed in the evolution of the Indian economy and takes it closer to the
fundamentals of a developed economy.

Services or the "tertiary sector" of the economy covers a wide gamut of activities like trading, banking &
finance, infotainment, real estate, transportation, security, management & technical consultancy among
several others. The various sectors that combine together to constitute service industry in India are:

 Trade
 Hotels and Restaurants
 Railways
 Other Transport & Storage
 Communication (Post, Telecom)
 Banking
 Insurance
 Dwellings, Real Estate
 Business Services
 Public Administration; Defence
 Personal Services
 Community Services
 Other Services

There was marked acceleration in services sector growth in the eighties and nineties, especially in the
nineties. While the share of services in India's GDP increased by 21 per cent points in the 50 years
between 1950 and 2000, nearly 40 per cent of that increase was concentrated in the nineties. While
almost all service sectors participated in this boom, growth was fastest in communications, banking,
hotels and restaurants, community services, trade and business services. One of the reasons for the
sudden growth in the services sector in India in the nineties was the liberalisation in the regulatory
framework that gave rise to innovation and higher exports from the services sector.

The boom in the services sector has been relatively "jobless". The rise in services share in GDP has not
accompanied by proportionate increase in the sector's share of national employment. Some economists
have also cautioned that service sector growth must be supported by proportionate growth of the
industrial sector, otherwise the service sector grown will not be sustainable. In the current economic
scenario it looks that the boom in the services sector is here to stay as India is fast emerging as global
services hub.

Steel Industry in India

Steel Industry in India is on an upswing because of the strong global and domestic demand. India's rapid
economic growth and soaring demand by sectors like infrastructure, real estate and automobiles, at
home and abroad, has put Indian steel industry on the global map. According to the latest report by
International Iron and Steel Institute (IISI), India is the seventh largest steel producer in the world.

The origin of the modern Indian steel industry can be traced back to 1953 when a contract for the
construction of an integrated steelworks in Rourkela, Orissa was signed between the Indian government
and the German companies Fried Krupp und Demag AG. The initial plan was an annual capacity of
500,000 tonnes, but this was subsequently raised to 1 million tonnes. The capacity of Rourkela Steel
Plant (RSP), which belongs to the SAIL (Steel Authority of India Ltd.) group, is presently about 2 million
tonnes. At a very early stage the former USSR and a British consortium also showed an interest in
establishing a modern steel industry in India. This resulted in the Soviet-aided building of a steel mill
with a capacity of 1 million tonnes in Bhilai and the British-backed construction in Durgapur of a foundry
which also has a million tonne capacity.

The Indian steel industry is organized in three categories i.e., main producers, other major producers
and the secondary producers. The main producers and other major producers have integrated steel
making facility with plant capacities over 0.5 mT and utilize iron ore and coal/gas for production of steel.
The main producers are Tata Steel, SAIL, and RINL, while the other major producers are ESSAR, ISPAT
and JVSL. The secondary sector is dispersed and consists of: (1) Backward linkage from about 120
sponge iron producers that use iron ore and non-coking coal, providing feedstock for steel producers; (2)
Approximately 650 mini blast furnaces, electric arc furnaces, induction furnaces and energy optimizing
furnaces that use iron ore, sponge iron and melting scrap to produce steel; and (3) Forward linkage with
about 1,200 re-rollers that roll out semis into finished steel products for consumer use.

Structural Weaknesses of Indian Steel Industry

 Although India has modernised its steelmaking considerably, however, nearly 6% of its crude
steel is still produced using the outdated open-hearth process.
  Labour productivity in India is still very low. According to an estimate crude steel output at the
biggest Indian steelmaker is roughly 144 tonnes per worker per year, whereas in Western
Europe the figure is around 600 tonnes.
 India has to do a lot of catching in the production of stainless steel, which is primarily required
by the plant and equipment, pharmaceutical and chemical industries.
 Steel production in India is also hampered by power shortages.
 India is deficient in raw materials required by the steel industry. Iron ore deposits are finite and
there are problems in mining sufficient amounts of it. India's hard coal deposits are of low
quality.
 Insufficient freight capacity and transport infrastructure impediments too hamper the growth of
Indian steel industry.

Strengths of Indian Steel Industry

 Low labour wage rates

 Abundance of quality manpower
 Mature production base
 Positive stimuli from construction industry
 Booming automobile industry

Outlook
The outlook for Indian steel industry is very bright. India's lower wages and favourable energy prices will
continue to promise substantial cost advantages compared to production facilities in (Western) Europe
or the US. It is also expected that steel industry will undergo a process of consolidation since industry
players are engaged in an unfettered rush for scale. This is evident from the recent acquisition of Corus
by Tata. The deployment of modern production systems is also enabling Indian steel companies to
improve the quality of their steel products and thus enhance their export prospects.

Telecom Industry in India

The telecom industry is one of the fastest growing industries in India. India has nearly 200 million
telephone lines making it the third largest network in the world after China and USA. With a growth rate
of 45%, Indian telecom industry has the highest growth rate in the world.

History of Indian Telecommunications started in 1851 when the first operational land lines were laid by
the government near Calcutta (seat of British power). Telephone services were introduced in India in
1881. In 1883 telephone services were merged with the postal system. Indian Radio Telegraph Company
(IRT) was formed in 1923. After
independence in 1947, all the foreign telecommunication companies were nationalized to form the
Posts, Telephone and Telegraph (PTT), a monopoly run by the government's Ministry of
Communications. Telecom sector was considered as a strategic service and the government considered
it best to bring under state's control.

The first wind of reforms in telecommunications sector began to flow in 1980s when the private sector
was allowed in telecommunications equipment manufacturing. In 1985, Department of
Telecommunications (DOT) was established. It was an exclusive provider of domestic and long-distance
service that would be its own regulator (separate from the postal system). In 1986, two wholly
government-owned companies were created: the Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited (VSNL) for international
telecommunications and Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL) for service in metropolitan areas.

In 1990s, telecommunications sector benefited from the general opening up of the economy. Also,
examples of telecom revolution in many other countries, which resulted in better quality of service and
lower tariffs, led Indian policy makers to initiate a change process finally resulting in opening up of
telecom services sector for the private sector. National Telecom Policy (NTP) 1994 was the first attempt
to give a comprehensive roadmap for the Indian telecommunications sector. In 1997, Telecom
Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) was created. TRAI was formed to act as a regulator to facilitate the
growth of the telecom sector. New National Telecom Policy was adopted in 1999 and cellular services
were also launched in the same year.

Telecommunication sector in India can be divided into two segments: Fixed Service Provider (FSPs), and
Cellular Services. Fixed line services consist of basic services, national or domestic long distance and
international long distance services. The state operators (BSNL and MTNL), account for almost 90 per
cent of revenues from basic services. Private sector services are presently available in selective urban
areas, and collectively account for less than 5 per cent of subscriptions. However, private services focus
on the business/corporate sector, and offer reliable, high- end services, such as leased lines, ISDN,
closed user group and videoconferencing.

Cellular services can be further divided into two categories: Global System for Mobile Communications
(GSM) and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA). The GSM sector is dominated by Airtel, Vodfone-
Hutch, and Idea Cellular, while the CDMA sector is dominated by Reliance and Tata Indicom. Opening up
of international and domestic long distance telephony services are the major growth drivers for cellular
industry. Cellular operators get substantial revenue from these services, and compensate them for
reduction in tariffs on airtime, which along with rental was the main source of revenue. The reduction in
tariffs for airtime, national long distance, international long distance, and handset prices has driven
demand.

The telecom sector is also afflicted by a number of restraints. These include:

 Sluggish pace of reform process.

 Lack of infrastructure in semi-rural and rural areas, which makes it difficult to make inroads into
this market segment as service providers have to incur a huge initial fixed cost.
 Limited spectrum availability.

But notwithstanding these constraints, telecom sector has undergone a revolution in the past decade
and has played a major part in bridging the rural-urban divide.
Textile Industry in India
Textile Industry in India is the second largest employment generator after agriculture. It holds significant
status in India as it provides one of the most fundamental necessities of the people. Textile industry was
one of the earliest industries to come into existence in India and it accounts for more than 30% of the
total exports. In fact Indian textile industry is the second largest in the world, second only to China.

Textile Industry is unique in the terms that it is an independent industry, from the basic requirement of
raw materials to the final products, with huge value-addition at every stage of processing. Textile
industry in India has vast potential for creation of employment opportunities in the agricultural,
industrial, organised and decentralised sectors & rural and urban areas, particularly for women and the
disadvantaged. Indian textile industry is constituted of the following segments: Readymade Garments,
Cotton Textiles including Handlooms, Man-made Textiles, Silk Textiles, Woollen Textiles, Handicrafts,
Coir, and Jute.

Till the year 1985, development of textile sector in India took place in terms of general policies. In 1985,
for the first time the importance of textile sector was recognized and a separate policy statement was
announced with regard to development of textile sector. In the year 2000, National Textile Policy was
announced. Its main objective was: to provide cloth of acceptable quality at reasonable prices for the
vast majority of the population of the country, to increasingly contribute to the provision of sustainable
employment and the economic growth of the nation; and to compete with confidence for an increasing
share of the global market. The policy also aimed at achieving the target of textile and apparel exports of
US $ 50 billion by 2010 of which the share of garments will be US $ 25 billion.

Strengths of Indian textile Industry

 India has rich resources of raw materials of textile industry. It is one of the largest producers of
cotton in the world and is also rich in resources of fibres like polyester, silk, viscose etc.
 India is rich in highly trained manpower. The country has a huge advantage due to lower wage
rates. Because of low labor rates the manufacturing cost in textile automatically comes down to
very reasonable rates.
 India is highly competitive in spinning sector and has presence in almost all processes of the
value chain.
 Indian garment industry is very diverse in size, manufacturing facility, type of apparel produced,
quantity and quality of output, cost, requirement for fabric etc. It comprises suppliers of ready-
made garments for both, domestic or export markets.

Weaknesses of Indian textile Industry

 Indian textile industry is highly fragmented in industry structure, and is led by small scale
companies. The reservation of production for very small companies that was imposed with the
intention to help out small scale companies across the country, led substantial fragmentation
that distorted the competitiveness of industry. Smaller companies do not have the fiscal
resources to enhance technology or invest in the high-end engineering of processes. Hence they
lose in productivity.
  Indian labour laws are relatively unfavorable to the trades and there is an urgent need for
labour reforms in India.
 India seriously lacks in trade pact memberships, which leads to restricted access to the other
major markets.

Outlook for Indian textile Industry

The outlook for textile industry in India is very optimistic. It is expected that Indian textile industry would
continue to grow at an impressive rate. Textile industry is being modernized by an exclusive scheme,
which has set aside $5bn for investment in improvisation of machinery. India can also grab opportunities
in the export market. The textile industry is anticipated to generate 12mn new jobs in various sectors.

Tourism Industry in India

Tourism industry in India is on a great boom at the moment. India has tremendous potential to become
a major global tourist destination and Indian tourism industry is exploiting this potential to the hilt.
Travel and tourism industry is the second highest foreign exchange earner for India, and the government
has given travel & tourism organizations export house status.

The buoyancy in the Indian tourism industry can be attributed to several factors. Firstly, the tremendous
growth of Indian economy has resulted in more disposable income in the hands of middle class, thereby
prompting increasingly large number of people to spend money on vacations abroad or at home.
Secondly, India is a booming IT hub and more and more people are coming to India on business trips.
Thirdly, aggressive advertising campaign "Incredible India" by Tourism Ministry has played a major role
in changing the image of India from that of the land of snake charmers to a hot and happening place and
has sparked renewed interest among foreign travelers.

Travel & tourism industry's contribution to Indian industry is immense. Tourism is one of the main
foreign exchange earners and contributes
to the economy indirectly through its linkages with other sectors like horticulture, agriculture, poultry,
handicrafts and construction. Tourism industry also provides employment to millions of people in India
both directly and indirectly through its linkage with other sectors of the economy. According to an
estimate total direct employment in the tourism sector is around 20 million.

Travel & tourism industry in India is marked by considerable government presence. Each state has a
tourism corporation, which runs a chain of hotels/ rest houses and operates package tours, while the
central government runs the India Tourism Development Corporation.

In the year 2002, the Government of India announced a New Tourism Policy to give boost to the tourism
sector. The policy is built around the 7-S Mantra of Swaagat (welcome), Soochanaa (information),
Suvidhaa (facilitation), Surakshaa (security), Sahyog (cooperation), Sanrachnaa (infrastructure) and
Safaai (cleanliness).
Some of the salient features of the Tourism Policy are:

 The policy proposes the inclusion of tourism in the concurrent list of the Constitution to enable
both the central and state governments to participate in the development of the sector.
 No approval required for foreign equity of up to 51 per cent in tourism projects. NRI investment
up to 100% allowed.
 Automatic approval for Technology agreements in the hotel industry, subject to the fulfillment
of certain specified parameters.
 Concession rates on customs duty of 25% for goods that are required for initial setting up, or for
substantial expansion of hotels.
 50% of profits derived by hotels, travel agents and tour operators in foreign exchange are
exempt from income tax. The remaining profits are also exempt if reinvested in a tourism
related project.

Apart from this, government has taken several other measures for the promotion of tourism. A multi-
pronged approach has been adopted, which includes new mechanism for speedy implementation of
tourism projects, development of integrated tourism circuits and rural destinations, special capacity
building in the unorganized hospitality sector and new marketing strategy.

The outlook for travel industry in India looks extremely bright. India as a tourism destination is the toast
of the world at the moment. Conde Nast ranked India amongst the top 10 tourist destinations. JBIC
ranked her as the fifth most attractive investment destination. Besides, India is probably the only
country that offers various categories of tourism. These include history tourism, adventure tourism,
medical tourism (ayurveda and other forms of Indian medications), eco tourism, cultural tourism, rural
tourism, religious/pilgrimage tourism, spiritual tourism, and beach tourism etc.

TOP INDIAN COMPANIES

Aditya Birla Group India

Aditya Birla Group is India's first truly multinational corporation. The group has an annual turnover of
US$ 24 billion, market capitalisation of US$ 23 billion, and has over 100,000 employees belonging to
over 25 different nationalities on its rolls. Aditya Birla Group has presence in 20 countries - India,
Thailand, Laos, Indonesia, Philippines, Egypt, Canada, Australia, China, USA, UK, Germany, Hungary,
Brazil, Italy, France, Luxembourg,
Switzerland, Malayasia and Korea. The group has diversified business interests and is dominant player in
all the sectors in which it operates such as viscose staple fibre, metals, cement, viscose filament yarn,
branded apparel, carbon black, chemicals, fertilisers, insulators, financial services, telecom, BPO and IT
services.

The origins of Aditya Birla Group can be traced back to the 19th century when Seth Shiv Narayan Birla
started trading in cotton in the town of Pilani, Rajasthan. In the early part of the 20th century, Group's
founding father, Ghanshyamdas Birla, expanded the group and set up industries in critical sectors such
as textiles and fibre, aluminium, cement and chemicals. In 1969, Aditya Birla, the then Chairman of the
Group, put the group on the global map. He set up 19 companies outside India, in Thailand, Malaysia,
Indonesia, the Philippines and Egypt. Under Aditya Birla's leadership, the group attained new heights
and it became world's largest producer of viscose staple fibre, the largest refiner of palm oil, the third
largest producer of insulators and the sixth largest producer of carbon black. After Aditya Birla's demise
his son Kumar Mangalam Birla took over the charge of the group and under his leadership the group has
sustained the numero uno position in the sectors in which it operates.

Group Companies of Aditya Birla Group

Grasim: Grasim Industries Limited was established as a textiles manufacturer in 1948. Today, Grasim
deals in Viscose Staple Fibre (VSF), Cement, Sponge Iron, Chemicals and Textiles.

Hindalco: Established in 1958, Hindalco deals in Aluminium and Copper and is an industry leader in both.
Hindalco is the world's largest aluminium rolling company and one of the biggest producers of primary
aluminium in Asia. Its copper smelter is today the world's largest custom smelter at a single location. In
2007, Hindalco acquired Novelis and in the process became the world's largest aluminium rolling
company and one of the biggest producers of primary aluminium in Asia, as well as India's leading
copper producer.

Aditya Birla Nuvo: Aditya Birla Nuvo is a diversified business conglomerate with interests in viscose
filament yarn (VFY), carbon black, branded garments, fertilisers, textiles and insulators. Aditya Birla
Nuvo, through its subsidiaries and joint ventures has made forays into life insurance, telecom, business
process outsourcing (BPO), IT services, asset management and other financial services.

Ultra Tech Cement: Ultra Tech Cement manufactures and markets Ordinary Portland Cement, Portland
Blast Furnace Slag Cement and Portland Pozzolana Cement. It is the country's largest exporter of cement
clinker. Its export market include countries around the Indian Ocean, Africa, Europe and the Middle
East.

Apart from the Group companies, other companies of the Aditya Birla Group are:

Indian companies

 PSI Data Systems

894
  TransWorks
 Essel Mining & Industries Ltd
 Shree Digvijay Cement Ltd
 Idea Cellular Ltd.
 Aditya Birla Insulators Limited
 Aditya Birla Retail
 Bihar Caustic and Chemicals Ltd.

International companies

Thailand

 Thai Rayon
 Indo Thai Synthetics
 Thai Acrylic Fibre
 Thai Carbon Black
 Aditya Birla Chemicals (Thailand) Ltd.
 Thai Peroxide

Philippines

 Indo Phil Textile Mills

 Indo Phil Cotton Mills
 Indo Phil Acrylic Mfg. Corp.

Indonesia

 PT Indo Bharat Rayon

 PT Elegant Textile Industry
 PT Sunrise Bumi Textiles
 PT Indo Liberty Textiles
 PT Indo Raya Kimia

Egypt

 Alexandria Carbon Black Company S.A.E

 Alexandria Fiber Company

China

 Liaoning Birla Carbon

Canada

 AV Cell Inc
 AV Nackawic Inc
Australia

 Aditya Birla Minerals Ltd.

Laos

 Birla Laos Pulp and Paper Plantation Company Ltd.

Joint ventures

 Birla Sun Life Insurance

 Birla Sun Life Asset Management Company Ltd.
 Birla Sun Life Distribution Company Ltd.
 Tanfac Industries Ltd.

Major Achievements of Aditya Birla Group

 Largest aluminium rolling company

 Largest single location copper smelter
 No.1 in viscose staple fibre
 The third largest producer of insulators
 The fourth largest producer of carbon black
 The eleventh largest cement producer and the second largest in India
 Among the best energy efficient fertiliser plants
 Among the world's top 15 and India's top three BPO companies

Ambuja Cements
Ambuja Cements Limited was earlier known as Gujarat Ambuja Cements Limited (GACL). The company
was set up in 1986. In this short span Ambuja Cements has achieved massive growth and presently, the
total cement capacity of the company is 16 million tonnes. The company has three subsidiaries, viz,
Ambuja Cement Rajasthan Limited (ACRL), Ambuja Cement Eastern Limited (ACEL) and Ambuja Cement
India Limited (ACIL). Ambuja also has a strategic investment in ACC through its subsidiary (ACIL).

Ambuja Cements is the most profitable cement company in India, and the lowest cost producer of
cement in the world. One of the major reasons that Ambuja Cements is the lowest cost producer of
cement in the world is its emphasis on
efficiency. Power consists over 40% of the production cost of cement. The company improved efficiency
of its kilns to get more output for less power. Thereafter Ambuja Cements set up a captive power plant
at a substantially lower cost than the national grid. The company sourced a cheaper and higher quality
coal from South Africa, and a better furnace oil from the Middle East. As a result, today, the company is
in a position to sell its excess power to the local state government.

Ambuja cement is the first company to introduce the concept of bulk cement movement by sea in India.
This resulted in speedier transportation and brought many coastal markets within easy reach. Ambuja
Cements has a port terminal at Muldwarka, Gujarat. It is an all weather port that handles ships with
40,000 DWT. The port has a fleet of seven ships with a capacity of 20500 DWT to ferry bulk cement to
the packaging units. The company has bulk cement terminals at Surat, Panvel, and Galle. The Surat
terminal has a storage capacity of 15,000 tonnes and Panvel terminal has a storage capacity of 17,500
tonnes. Both the terminals have bulk cement unloading facility. The port at Galle, 120 km from
Colombo, Sri Lanka, handles million tonnes of cement annually.

Major Achievements of Ambuja Cement

 Most profitable cement company in India.

 Lowest cost producer of cement in the world.
 Its environment protection measures are at par with the best in the world. The pollution levels
at all its cement plants are lower than the rigorous Swiss standards of 100 mg/NM3.
 The only cement company to be awarded with the National Quality Award.
 First cement company to first to receive the ISO 9002 quality certification.
 Received ISO 14000 Certification for environmental systems.
 India's largest exporter of cement.
 Received Best Award for highest exports by CAPEXIL.
 First company to introduce the concept of bulk cement movement by sea in India.

Apollo Hospitals
Apollo Hospitals is the largest healthcare group in Asia. Apollo group owns and manages 41 hospitals in
and around India and has a total capacity of 7000 beds. Apollo Hospitals was founded by Dr. Prathap C
Reddy in 1979 and is the first group of hospitals that pioneered the concept of corporate healthcare
delivery in India. Apollo Hospitals Enterprise Limited (AHEL), the flagship company of the group, is a
listed Company on the Bombay Stock Exchange.

Today, AHEL is the leading private sector healthcare provider in India and owns and manages a network
of speciality hospitals and clinics. The company also operates a chain of pharmacy retail outlets across
the country, and provides consultancy services for commissioning and managing hospitals. The
consultancy division of Apollo Hospitals offers project and operations management consultancy services
to clients that vary from conceptualization
to commissioning of a wide range of healthcare models.

Group Companies of Apollo Hospitals

Apollo Health Street Limited: It is a global healthcare services company that offers business process
outsourcing and IT solutions and services to a global clientele.

Apollo Pharmacies: It is the largest retail pharmacy chain in India with over 70 round-the-clock retail
outlets in India. Apollo Pharmacies is moving towards offering e-prescription based services to the end
user and the doctor.

Apollo Health & Lifestyle Limited: Apollo Health & Lifestyle Limited (AHLL) is engaged in establishing a
network of clinics in India and neighbouring countries. It intends to address the day-to-day health needs
of common people by providing a range of superior quality healthcare services at affordable prices.

MedVarsity Online Limited (MOL): MedVarsity Online Limited is promoted by Apollo Hospitals and NIIT
Ltd. MedVarsity has developed over 1500 hours of medical content that is accessible to the medical
community anytime and anywhere.

Apollo Telemedicine Enterprises Limited (ATEL): Apollo Telemedicine Enterprises Limited has
developed the 'Apollo Telemedicine Network' that allows the participant sites to collaborate with
institutions in the country and abroad and provides their clientele access to better healthcare in areas
not adequately served by the medical community.

Family Health Plan Limited (FHP): The company deals in the healthcare insurance sector and is the
largest Third Party Administrator (TPA) in Asia.

Equipment World: Equipment World sources and selects high-end medical equipment, catalogues and
provides expert advice and services on technology, techno-commercial issues.

Keimed.com Limited: Keimed.com Limited is a unified national pharmaceutical procurement and supply
chain management company for a wide range of medical goods, consumables, drugs, surgical, health
and personal care products.

Major Achievements of Apollo Hotels

 Apollo Hospital, Chennai is the first Indian hospital to be awarded the 1S0 9002 and ISO 14001
Certifications.
 Apollo Hospital, Chennai is the first Indian hospital to introduce newer techniques in coronary
angioplasty, stereotactic radiotherapy and radio-surgery (for CNS tumors).
 Apollo Hospital, Chennai is the first to perform liver, multi-organ and cord blood transplants in
India.
 Apollo Hospital, Delhi is first Indian hospital to receive the Joint Commission International (JCI)
USA accreditation-the gold-standard in hospital certifications worldwide.
 Apollo Hospital, Delhi performed the first successful liver-kidney transplant in the Indian sub-
continent.

Ashok Leyland
Ashok Leyland is the leading manufacturer of trucks, buses, special application vehicles and engines in
India. The products of Ashok Leyland are at
par with the best in the world. Ashok Leyland is the leaders in the Indian bus market, offering unique
models such as CNG, Double Decker and Vestibule bus. More than 80% of the State Transport
Undertaking (STU) buses come from Ashok Leyland. The company is a pioneer in multi axle trucks and
tractor-trailers. Ashok Leyland is the largest provider of logistic vehicles to the Indian army. It also
manufactures diesel engines for Industrial, Genset and Marine applications, in collaboration with
technology leaders.

The birth of Ashok Leyland can be attributed to the quest for self-reliance in the aftermath of
independence. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru persuaded Mr. Raghunandan Saran, an industrialist, to enter
automotive manufacture. In 1948, Ashok Motors was set up in Madras (Chennai) for the assembly of
Austin Cars. Soon, British Leyland acquired an equity stake in the company and the name of the
company was changed from Ashok Motors to Ashok Leyland. In 1955, Ashok Leyland commenced of
commercial vehicles. Since then Ashok Leyland has maintained its technological leadership in the India's
commercial vehicle industry. Tie-ups with international technology leaders and through vigorous in-
house R&D enabled Ashok Leyland to introduce latest technological breakthroughs in the Indian market.
Ashok Leyland was the first to introduce full air brakes, power steering and rear engine busses in India.

In 1987, the overseas holding by Land Rover Leyland International Holdings Limited (LRLIH) was taken
over by a joint venture between the Hinduja Group and IVECO. Since July 2006, the Hinduja Group is
100% holder of LRLIH.

Associate Companies of Ashok Leyland

Automotive Coaches & Components Ltd (ACCL): ACCL was promoted by Ashok Leyland and the Tamil
Nadu Industrial Development Corporation (TIDCO) in the 1980s. The company has two Divisions: ACCL
Division and PL Haulwel Trailers (PLHT). ACCL is the largest Tipper Body manufacturer in the organised
sector in India. Apart from the tippers, it also manufactures bus bodies, front-end structures (FES),
tankers, aluminum containers, OB vans, energy vans and the like. PLHT manufactures a wide variety of
after-chassis products. These include Fifth Wheel Couplers and Hoists, Semi Trailers, Container trailers,
Ladle Carriers, for foundries (Steel / Aluminum), Running gears for LPG tankers, Car / Truck / Tractor
Carriers, Bottom dumpers, and all types of user-specific custom-designed trailers for niche applications.

Lanka Ashok Leyland: The Company was established in 1982. It is a joint venture between Ashok
Leyland and the Government of Sri Lanka. Ashok Leyland supplies chassis in both completely built-up
and knocked down conditions to Lanka Ashok Leyland, which in turn assembles the chassis and builds
bodies.

Ennore Foundries: Ennore Foundries was established in 1959. It is India's largest automotive jobbing
foundry and caters to different segment like automobiles, tractors, industrial engines and power
generators.

IRIZAR-TVS: IRIZAR-TVS is a joint venture between Ashok Leyland, TVS & Sons Ltd and IRIZAR, the
internationally reputed bus body builder from Spain. The company was started in 2001 and it
manufactures luxury coaches.

Ashok Leyland Project Services Limited: Ashok Leyland Project Services Limited (ALPS) looks after the
project development activities of the Hinduja Group in India. It assists the investment entities of the
Group and provides professional services to help international companies interested in projects in India.

Major Achievements of Hinduja Group

 In 1993, became first Indian Auto Company to receive ISO 9002 certification.
 Received ISO 9001 certification in 1994, QS 9000 in 1998, and ISO 14001 certification for all
vehicle manufacturing units in 2002.
 Became the first Indian auto company to receive the latest ISO/TS 16949 Corporate Certification
(in July 2006).
 First company to introduce full air brakes, power steering and rear engine busses in India.

Bajaj Group
The Bajaj Group is one of the leading business houses of India. Its business interests span host of
industries such as automobiles (two-wheelers and three-wheelers), home appliances, lighting, iron and
steel, insurance, travel and finance. The Bajaj brand is well-known in over a dozen countries in Europe,
South America, the US and Asia. The Bajaj Group comprises 27 companies and its flagship company Bajaj
Auto is ranked as the world's fourth largest two- and three- wheeler manufacturer.

Bajaj Group was founded in 1926, at the height of India's movement for independence from the British.
Jamnalal Bajaj, founder of the group, was a
close associate of Mahatma Gandhi. Jamnalal Bajaj's close involvement in the freedom movement did
not leave him with much time for his business. In 1942, his son Kamalnayan Bajaj took charge of the
business. He consolidated the group and diversified into various manufacturing activities. Rahul Bajaj,
the present Chairman and Managing Director of the group took reins of the business in 1965. Under his
leadership the group has achieved new heights and ranks among the top 10 business houses in India.

Bajaj Group Companies and their business interests:

 Bajaj Auto Ltd: Manufacturers of Scooters, Motorcycles and Three-wheeler vehicles and spare
parts thereof.
 Bajaj Electricals Ltd.: Manufacturers of electric fans, highmasts, lattice closed towers and poles,
etc. and marketing of electrical goods such as general lighting service lamps, special lamps,
compact fluorescent lamps, fluorescent tubes, luminaries, fans and electrical & non-electrical
appliances.
 Mukand Ltd.: Manufacturers of stainless, alloy and special steels including carbon and alloy
steels, free cutting steels, semi-free cutting steels, leaded free cutting steels, cold heading
quality steels, spring steels including vanadium steels, high carbon steels; electrode quality
steels, boiler quality steels; wire rods,wires, castings, machine tools; E.O.T. and other cranes;
 bulk material handling equipment for steel and other industries; specialist in major turnkey
projects,highway construction and international trading; real estate development.
 Bajaj Hindusthan Ltd.: Manufacturers of white crystal sugar and industrial alcohol.
 Maharashtra Scooters Ltd.: Manufactures of scooters.
 Bajaj Auto Finance Ltd.: Deals in financial services including hire purchase financing & leasing.
 Hercules Hoists Ltd.: Manufacturers of 'INDEF' brand materials handling equipments such as
triple spur gear chain pulley blocks, chain electric hoists, wire rope, electric hoists, travelling
trolleys, EOT / HOT / stores stacker cranes, roll-out racks.
 Bajaj Sevashram Pvt Ltd.: Involved in investment activities.
 Hind Lamps Ltd.: Manufacturers of GLS, fluorescent, miniature lamps and major components
such as glass shells, miniature and aluminium caps, lead glass, etc.
 Bajaj Ventures Ltd.: Involved in manufacturing and trading of power tools and manufacturing of
houseware and parts thereof.
 Bajaj International Pvt. Ltd.: Exporters of electrical fans, GLS lamps, fluorescent tubes, lighting
fittings, luminaries, household appliances and hoists.
 Hind Musafir Agency Pvt. Ltd.: Travel Agency.
 Mukand International Ltd.: Involved in trading of metals, steels and ferro alloys.
 Mukand Engineers Ltd.: Construction, fabrication and erection of industrial and infrastructural
projects and infotech business.
 Mukand Global Finance Ltd.: Financial services: fund based activities - loans and investments,
consumer finance, corporate finance. Fee based activities - investment banking, corporate
advisory services.
 Bachhraj Factories Pvt. Ltd.: Ginning and pressing of cotton bales at Wardha.
 Bajaj Consumer Care Ltd.: Manufacturing and trading of ayurvedic medicines, hair oil, tooth
powder, Shampoos, Pure coconut oil.
 Bajaj Auto Holdings Ltd.: Investment company.
 Jamnalal Sons Pvt. Ltd.: Investment and finance company.
 Bachhraj & Company Pvt. Ltd.: Investment company.
 Jeewan Ltd.: Investment company.
 The Hindustan Housing Co. Ltd.: Services company
 Baroda Industries Pvt Ltd.: Investment company
 Stainless India Ltd.: Manufacturers of stainless steel billets and flats etc.
 Bombay Forging Ltd.: Manufacturers of carbon, alloy and stainless steel closed die forgings for
automobile and general engineering applications.
 Bajaj Allianz General Insurance Company Ltd.: General Insurance Business.
 Bajaj Allianz Life Insurance Company Ltd.: Life Insurance Business.

Bharti Enterprises
Bharti Enterprises is a pioneer in telecom sector and the group is widening its horizons by entering new
business areas such as insurance and retail. Bharti Enterprises has created a vantage position for itself in
the global telecommunications sector. Bharti Airtel Limited occupies numero uno status in mobile
telephony in India while its brand 'Beetel' is
the largest manufacturer and exporter of world class telecom terminals.

Founder of Bharti Group is Sunil Mittal. In 1983, Sunil Mittal entered into an agreement with Germany's
Siemens to manufacture the company's push-button telephone models for the Indian market. In 1986,
Sunil Bharti Mittal incorporated Bharti Telecom Limited (BTL) and his company became the first in India
to offer push-button telephones, establishing the basis of Bharti Enterprises. This first-mover advantage
allowed Sunil Mittal to expand his manufacturing capacity elsewhere in the telecommunications market.
By the early 1990s, Sunil Mittal had also launched the country's first fax machines and its first cordless
telephones. In 1992, Sunil Mittal won a bid to build a cellular phone network in Delhi. In 1995, Sunil
Mittal incorporated the cellular operations as Bharti Tele-Ventures and launched service in Delhi. In
1996, cellular service was extended to Himachal Pradesh. In 1999, Bharti Enterprises acquired control of
JT Holdings, and extended cellular operations to Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. In 2000, Bharti acquired
control of Skycell Communications, in Chennai. In 2001, the company acquired control of Spice Cell in
Calcutta. Bharti Enterprises went public in 2002, and the company was listed on Mumbai Stock Exchange
and National Stock Exchange of India. In 2003, the cellular phone operations were rebranded under the
single AirTel brand. In 2004, Bharti acquired control of Hexacom and entered Rajasthan. In 2005, Bharti
extended its network to Andaman and Nicobar. Today, Airtel is the laegest cellular service provider in
India.

Companies of Bharti Enterprises

Bharti Airtel: Bharti Airtel is India's leading provider of telecommunications services. The company
provides GSM mobile services across India in 23 telecom circles and broadband & telephone services in
90 cities.

Bharti Teletech Ltd.: Bharti TeleTech manufactures and exports world-class telecom equipment under
the brand Beetel'. It is the only Indian telephone company to be present in 30 countries mapping 5
continents. The company's product range include Basic Telephones, Caller ID Phones, Caller ID Boxes,
Cordless Phones, 2.4 GHz Digital Cordless Phones, DECT 1.8 GHz Phones, and Set Top Boxes.

Telecom Seychelles Ltd: Telecom Seychelles Ltd provides comprehensive telecom services including
GSM Cellular, PSTN (Fixed Lines), Fax and Data, International Roaming, connectivity to Internet Services,
Maritime Telecom Services (INMARSAT) and International Collect and Credit Card calling, in Seychelles,
under the brand 'Airtel.

Bharti Telesoft Ltd: Bharti Telesoft Ltd provides value added services and solutions to wireless and
wireline carriers worldwide. Bharti Telesoft Ltd ha deployed products and solutions in 25 countries to
over 100 network, and has a customer base of 150 million across 5 continents.

TeleTech Services (India) Ltd: TeleTech Services (India) Ltd is a joint venture between TeleTech Holdings,
Inc., world's leading full-service provider of business process outsourcing and Bharti TeleTech Ltd. The
company offers offer the entire spectrum of front-to-back-office business processes ranging from voice
and non-voice customer support, back office administration (including credit and collections, account
maintenance, application processing, claims processing, asset management, document management
etc.), sales and marketing (including database marketing, marketing support, web sales and marketing
etc.) to global customers.

FieldFresh Foods Pvt Ltd: FieldFresh Foods (P) Ltd is an equal partnership venture between Bharti
Enterprises and ELRo Holdings India Ltd, an investment company of the Rothschild family. The company
provides premium quality fresh produce to the markets worldwide and promotes world class standards
for agricultural practices, progressive farming techniques & identification and adoption of appropriate
technologies.

Bharti Retail Pvt Ltd: Bharti Retail Pvt Ltd. is a 100% subsidiary of Bharti Enterprises. Bharti Retail is
planning to launch its retail outlets in multiple consumer friendly formats in several cities across India.

BHEL
BHEL or Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited is the largest engineering and manufacturing enterprise in India
in the energy-related/infrastructure sector. BHEL is one of the nine large Public Sector Undertakings
known as navratnas or nine jewels. BHEL offers over 180 products and provides systems and services to
meet the needs of core sectors like: power, transmission, industry, transportation, oil & gas, non-
conventional energy sources and telecommunication.

BHEL was founded in 1950s. Its operations are organised around three business sectors: Power, Industry
- including Transmission, Transportation, Telecommunication & Renewable Energy - and Overseas
Business. Today, BHEL has a wide-spread network comprising 14 manufacturing divisions, 8 service
centres, 4 power sector regional centres, 18 regional offices, and a large number of project sites spread
all over India and abroad. BHEL is one of the largest exporters of engineering products & services from
India. BHEL has established its references in around 60 countries of the world, ranging from the United
States in the West to New Zealand in the Far East. Its export range include: individual products to
complete power stations, turnkey contracts for power plants, EPC contracts, HV/EHV Sub-stations, O&M
services for familiar technologies,
specialized after-market services like Residual Life Assessment (RLA) studies and retrofitting,
refurbishing & overhauling, and supplies to manufacturers & EPC contractors.

BHEL's product range include: Steam turbines and generators of up to 500MW capacity for utility and
combined-cycle applications; Steam turbines for CPP applications; Gas turbines of up to 260MW (ISO)
rating; Custom-built conventional hydro turbines of Kaplan, Francis and Pelton types with matching
generators, pump turbines with matching motor-generators; Spherical, butterfly and rotary valves and
auxiliaries for hydro station; HSD, LDO, FO, LSHS, natural-gas/biogas based diesel power plant; Industrial
turbo-sets of ratings from 1.5 to 120MW; Steam generators for utilities, ranging from 30 to 500MW
capacity, using coal, lignite, oil, natural gas or a combination of these fuels; Pulverized fuel fired boilers;
Stoker boilers; Atmospheric fluidized bed combustion boilers; Circulating fluidized bed combustion
boilers; Waste heat recovery boiler; Boiler Auxiliaries; Heat Exchangers & Pressure Vessels; Pumps;
Power Station Control Equipment; Switchgears; Bus Ducts; Transformers; Insulators; Capacitors; Energy
Meters etc.
Major Achievements of BHEL:

 Acquired certifications for Quality Management Systems (ISO 9001), Environmental

Management Systems (ISO 14001) and Occupational Health & Safety Management Systems
(OHSAS 18001).
 Installed equipment for over 90,000 MW of power generation.
 Supplied over 2,25,000 MVA transformer capacity and other equipment operating in
Transmission & Distribution network up to 400 kV (AC & DC).
 Supplied over 25,000 Motors with Drive Control System to Power projects, Petrochemicals,
Refineries, Steel, Aluminum, Fertilizer, Cement plants, etc.
 Supplied Traction electrics and AC/DC locos to power over 12,000 km Railway network.
 Supplied over one million Valves to Power Plants and other Industries.

Biocon India
Biocon is India's leading integrated biotechnology enterprise focused on the development of
biopharmaceuticals. Since its inception Biocon has evolved from an enzyme manufacturing company to
a fully integrated biopharmaceutical enterprise, focused on healthcare. Biocon has successfully forayed
into drug discovery and development. It has developed innovative and effective biomolecules in
diabetology, oncology, cardiology and other therapeutic segments. Biocon delivers products and
solutions to partners and customers in over 50 countries.

Biocon was founded on November 29, 1978 as a joint venture between Biocon Biochemicals Ltd. of
Ireland and an Indian entrepreneur, Kiran Mazumdar Shaw. In 1979, Biocon became the first Indian
company to manufacture and export enzymes to USA and Europe. Unilever plc. acquired Biocon
Biochemicals Ltd. in Ireland in 1979 and merged it with its subsidiary, Quest International. In 1989,
Biocon became the first Indian biotech company to receive US funding for proprietary technologies. In
1993, Biocon's R&D and manufacturing facilities received ISO 9001 certification from RWTUV, Germany.
In 1994, Biocon established a subsidiary
Syngene International Pvt. Ltd to address the growing need for outsourced R&D in the pharmaceutical
sector. In 1996, Biocon entered the biopharmaceuticals and statins segment. In 1998, Unilever sold its
shareholding in Biocon to the Indian promoters and Biocon became an independent entity. In 2000
Biocon commissioned its first fully automated submerged fermentation plant to produce speciality
pharmaceuticals. In the same year Clinigene, India's first clinical research organisation and a subsidiary
of Biocon, was set up to pursue clinical research and development. In 2001, Biocon became the first
Indian company to be approved by US FDA for the manufacture of lovastatin, a cholesterol-lowering
molecule. In 2003 Biocon became the first company worldwide to develop human insulin on a Pichia
expression system. In 2004, Biocon entered the stock market with its IPO and became only the second
Indian company to cross the $ 1 billion mark on the day of listing. In 2006, Biocon launched India's first
cancer drug BIOMAb EGFR.

Products & Services Offered by Biocon:

1. Biopharmaceuticals: Today, Biocon is a leading biopharmaceutical company with strong capabilities in
statins, immunosuppressants, recombinant insulin and a wide product range across key therapeutic
segments including diabetology, cardiology and oncology. Following biopharmaceutical products are
offered by Biocon:

 Small molecules: Biocon produces anti-diabetic agents, anti-hypertensive agents, anti-

inflammatory agents, anti-oxidants, cardiovascular agents, digestive-aid enzymes, hemostatic
agents, hepatoprotective agents, immunosuppressants, and neutraceuticals.
 Biologicals: In the field of Biogenerics, Biocon is currently working on products that include:
Insulin, Streptokinase, and Monoclonal Antibodies.
 Dosage Forms: Biocon provides products in the therapeutic segments of cardiology and
diabetes.

2. Enzymes: Biocon is India's largest producer and exporter of enzymes. It manufactures and markets a
broad range of industrial enzymes, food additives and process aids. Biocon is the first enzyme company
globally to receive the ISO 9001 accreditation. Enzymes manufactured by Biocon are: Amylases,
Amyloglucosidases, Cellulases, Catalase, Lipases, Glucanases, Hemicellulases, Phytases, Proteases, and
Pectinases.

3. Custom Research: Biocon subsidiary Syngene conduct high value R&D in early stage drug discovery
and development for a diverse global clientele.

4. Clinical Research: Biocon subsidiary Clinigene offers global biotechnology and pharmaceutical majors
strong clinical trial services, regulatory and laboratory capabilities for clinical drug development. Its
value added services include value-added services include patient registries and clinical databases in
diabetes, lipidemia, oncology, cardiovascular diseases.

Major Achievements of Biocon:

 First Indian company to manufacture and export enzymes to USA and Europe.
 First Indian biotech company to receive US funding for proprietary technologies.
 First Indian company to be approved by US FDA for the manufacture of lovastatin, a cholesterol-
lowering molecule.
 First company worldwide to develop human insulin on a Pichia expression system.
 India's largest producer and exporter of enzymes.
 Second Indian company to cross the $ 1 billion mark on the day of listing.
 Launched India's first cancer drug BIOMAb EGFR

Bombay Dyeing
Bombay Dyeing is one of India's largest producers of textiles. The daily production at Bombay Dyeing
exceeds 300,000 meters of fabrics and it
has a distribution chain consisting of 600 plus exclusive shops spread all over the country. Bombay
Dyeing, exports to advanced countries such as USA, countries in European Union, Australia and New
Zealand, and its sales turnover is more or less equally divided between National and International
markets. Apart from the textiles, Bombay Dyeing also deals in the chemicals.

Bombay Dyeing is part of the Wadia Group, which is more than 250 years old. Wadia Group initially
ventured into the area of ship building, and more than 355 ships were designed and built by the Group.
As the industrialization grew in the 19th century, so did the trading, and new opportunities for business.
In the late 19th century, Bombay was one of the major cotton ports of the world. Nowrosjee Wadia
sensed an opportunity in India's mushrooming textile industry and on August 23, 1879, Bombay Dyeing
was founded in a humble redbrick shed. Since then, Bombay Dyeing has grown into one of India's largest
producer of textiles. The company also diversified and pioneered the manufacturing of various
chemicals.

Companies of Bombay Dyeing Group:

The Bombay Dyeing Mfg. Co. Ltd: Bombay Dyeing & Manufacturing Co. Ltd is India's leading producer of
textiles.

go Air: go Air is a low-cost carrier promoted by Bombay Dyeing Group.

Bombay Dyeing - DMT: Bombay Dyeing - DMT is the largest manufacturer of Dimethyl Terephthalate
(DMT) in India. DMT is a raw material for the manufacturer of Polyester fibre, film, filament & yarn and
engineering plastics.

National Peroxide Ltd.: The company is a pioneer and leader in India in peroxygen chemicals.

Bombay Burmah Trading Corpn Ltd: The company is engaged in plantations and produces tea, coffee,
cardamom, black pepper and rubber.

Britannia Industries Ltd: It is the largest company in the Indian Food processing industry. Its product
range includes Breads and Cakes.

Wadia BSN India Ltd: The company was set up in 1994 through tie-up between the Wadias & Groupe
Danone. It plans to introduce packaged foods from the Danone's international range.

Formica India Division: The company produces high grade industrial laminates for the electronic,
electrical and other industries.

B.R.T Ltd: The company produces textile machinery accessories. It is the market leader in ring, ring
travellers, open end rotors and opening roller-spinning machinery accessories for cotton and synthetic
yarns.
BCL Springs Division: BCL Springs Division is the second largest producer of precision springs. It is a
trusted brand in the automobile, consumer durable, electrical, textile & ammunition industries.

Afcoset Balances Division: Market leader in laboratory weighing equipment in India.

Afco Industrial and Chemicals Ltd: Product range includes battery chargers, DC systems, Inverters &
converters, static voltage regulators & heat sinks.

Dental Products of India: Largest manufacturer of consumable dental products.

Medical Microtechnology Ltd: Manufacturer of high precision titanium ophtalmic micro surgical
instruments.

Instruments Orthopaedics: Market Leader in Orthopaedic implants, instruments and equipment in

India. Its range includes various implants for the hip, knees, and several types of screws, nails, plates and
prostheses.

Gherzi Eastern Limited: Gherzi Eastern Limited is a joint venture public limited company between
Bombay Dyeing Group and Gherzi Organisation, Zurich (Switzerland). The company was formed to
provide consultancy services in the field of textile industry. Today, the company has diversified its
services in the field of Transportation / Highways, Bridges / Flyovers, Environment, Townships, Housing,
Urban development, Water and Waste Water Engineering, Tourism, Hotels, Industrial projects and other
infrastructural projects.

Cadbury India
Cadbury India is a food product company with interests in Chocolate Confectionery, Milk Food Drinks,
Snacks, and Candy. Cadbury is the market leader in Chocolate Confectionery business with a market
share of over 70%. Some of the key brands of Cadbury are Cadbury Dairy Milk, 5 Star, Perk, Eclairs,
Celebrations, Temptations, and Gems. In Milk Food drinks segment, Cadbury's main product - Bournvita
is the leading Malted Food Drink in the country.

Cadbury is the world's largest confectionery company and its origins can be traced back to 1783 when
Jacob Schweppe perfected his process for manufacturing carbonated mineral water in Geneva,
Switzerland. In 1824, John Cadbury opened
in Birmingham selling cocoa and chocolate. Cadbury and Schweppe merged in 1969 to form Cadbury
Schweppes plc. Milk chocolate for eating was first made by Cadbury in 1897 by adding milk powder
paste to the dark chocolate recipe of cocoa mass, cocoa butter and sugar. In 1905, Cadbury's top selling
brand, Cadbury Dairy Milk, was launched. By 1913 Dairy Milk had become Cadbury's best selling line and
in the mid twenties Cadbury's Dairy Milk gained its status as the brand leader. Cadbury India began its
operations in 1948 by importing chocolates and then re-packing them before distribution in the Indian
market. Today, Cadbury has five company-owned manufacturing facilities at Thane, Induri (Pune) and
Malanpur (Gwalior), Bangalore and Baddi (Himachal Pradesh) and 4 sales offices (New Delhi, Mumbai,
Kolkota and Chennai). Its corporate office is in Mumbai. Worldwide, Cadbury employs 60,000 people in
over 200 countries.

Major Achievements of Cadbury

 Worlds No 1 Confectionery company

 World's No 2 Gums company.
 World's No 3 beverage company.
 World's No 3 beverage company.
 Cadbury Dairy Milk & Bournvita have been declared a "Consumer Superbrand" for 2006-7 by
Superbrands India.
 Cadbury India has been ranked 5th in the FMCG sector, in a survey on India's most respected
companies by sector conducted by Business World magazine in 2007.

Cipla
Cipla is 2nd largest pharmaceutical company in India in terms of retail sales. Cipla manufactures an
extensive range of pharmaceutical & personal care products and has presence in over 170 countries
across the world. Cipla's product range includes Pharmaceuticals, Animal Health Care Products, OTC,
Bulk Drugs, Flavours & Fragrances, and Agrochemicals. Cipla also provides a host of consulting services
such as preparation of product and material specifications, evaluation of existing production facilities to
meet GMP, definition of appropriate plant size and technologies etc.

The origins of Cipla can be traced back to 1935, when Dr Khwaja Abdul Hamied set up "The Chemical,
Industrial and Pharmaceutical Laboratories Ltd", popularly known by the acronym Cipla, in a rented
bungalow, at Bombay Central. Cipla was registered as a public limited company on August 17, 1935.
Cipla's first product was launched into the market in 1937. In 1940, during the Second World War when
the drug supplies were cut off, Cipla started producing fine chemicals. In 1944, Cipla bought the
premises at Bombay Central to build a modern pharmaceutical laboratory. In 1946, Cipla's product for
hypertension, Serpinoid, was exported to
the American Roland Corporation. In 1952, Cipla set up first research division for attaining self-
sufficiency in technological development. In 1960, Cipla started operations at second plant at Vikhroli,
Mumbai. In 1968, Cipla manufactured ampicillin for the first time in India. In 1976, Cipla launched
medicinal aerosols for asthma. In 1982, Cipla's fourth factory became operational at Patalganga,
Maharashtra. In 1984, Cipla developed anti-cancer drugs, vinblastine and vincristine in collaboration
with the National Chemical Laboratory, Pune. In 1991, Cipla pioneered the manufacture of the
antiretroviral drug, zidovudine. In 1994, Cipla's fifth factory began commercial production at Kurkumbh,
Maharashtra. In 1997, Cipla launched transparent Rotahaler, the world's first such dry powder inhaler
device. In 2000, Cipla became the first company, outside the USA and Europe to launch CFC-free
inhalers. In 2002, Cipla set up four state-of-the-art manufacturing facilities set up in Goa. In 2003, Cipla
launched TIOVA (Tiotropium bromide), a novel inhaled, long-acting anticholinergic bronchodilator. In
2005, Cipla set up a state-of-the-art facility for manufacture of formulations at Baddi, Himachal Pradesh.
Cipla's products include:

Pharmaceuticals: Cipla manufactures anabolic steroids, analgesics/antipyretics, antacids, anthelmintics,

anti-arthritis, anti-inflammatory drugs, anti-TB drugs, antiallergic drugs, anticancer drugs, antifungal,
antimalarials, antispasmodics, antiulcerants, immunosuppressants etc,

Animal Health Care Products: These include: aqua products, equine products, poultry products,
products for companion animals, and products for livestock animals.

OTC: These include: child care products, eye care products, food supplements, health drinks, life style
products, nutraceuticals & tonics, skin care products, and oral hygiene products.

Flavour & Fragrance: Cipla manufactures a wide range of flavours, which are used in foods and
beverages, fruit juices, baked goods, and oral hygiene products. Cipla fragrances have wide ranging
applications such as in personal care products, laundry detergents and room fresheners.

Major Achievements of Cipla:

 Manufactured ampicillin for the first time in India

 Lauched etoposide, a breakthrough in cancer chemotherapy, in association with Indian Institute
of Chemical Technology
 Launches transparent Rotahaler, the world's first such dry powder inhaler device
 Launches transparent Rotahaler, the world's first such dry powder inhaler device
 Became the first company, outside the USA and Europe to launch CFC-free inhalers

Dabur India Limited

Dabur India Limited is India's leading FMCG company with interests in health care, personal care and
foods. Dabur has a history of more than 100 years and the company has carved a niche for it self in the
field of Ayurvedic medicines. The products of Dabur are marketed in more than 50 countries worldwide.
The company has 2 major strategic business units (SBU) - Consumer Care Division (CCD) & Consumer
Health Division (CHD), and 3 Subsidiary Group companies - Dabur Foods, Dabur Nepal and Dabur
International. Dabur International has 3 step down subsidiaries - Asian Consumer Care in Bangladesh,
African Consumer Care in Nigeria and Dabur Egypt.

The origin of Dabur can be traced back to 1884 when Dr. S.K. Burman started a health care products
manufacturing facility in a small Calcutta pharmacy. In 1896, as a result of growing popularity of Dabur
products, Dr. Burman set up a manufacturing plant for mass production of formulations. In early 1900s,
Dabur entered the specialized area of nature based Ayurvedic medicines. In 1919, Dabur established
research laboratories to develop scientific processes and quality checks. In 1936, Dabur became a full-
fledged company with the name Dabur India (Dr. S.K. Burman) Pvt Ltd. Dabur shifted its operations to
Delhi in 1972. Dabur became a Public Limited Company in 1986 and Dabur India Limited came into
existence after reverse merger with Vidogum Limited. In 1992, Dabur entered into a joint venture with
Agrolimen of Spain to manufacture and market confectionary items in India. In 1994, Dabur raised its
first IPO. In 1998, day to day running of the company was handed over to professionals. In 2000, Dabur
achieved a turnover of Rs 1000 crores. In 2005, Dabur acquired Balsara. Dabur crossed $ 2 billion market
cap in 2006.

Some of the well-known brands of Dabur are: Amla Chyawanprash, Hajmola, Lal Dantmanjan, Nature
Care, Pudin Hara, Babool Toothpaste, Hingoli, Dabur Honey, Lemoneez, Meswak, Odonil, Real, RealActiv
and Vatika.

DLF India
DLF group is a leading real estate developer in India. DLF has been instrumental in putting Gurgaon on
the urban landscape of India. DLF has over 220 million sq. ft. of existing development projects and 574
million sq. ft. of planned projects. It has extensive Land Reserves of 10,255 acres in various regions
across India. DLF has so far developed 22 urban colonies, and an entire integrated 3,000-acre township -
DLF City. DLF's development projects across India span over 30 cities: Gurgaon, Ambala, Shimla,
Amritsar, Jalandhar, Ludhiana, Sonepat, Panipat, Chandigarh, Panchkula, Noida, New Delhi, Jaipur,
Indore, Ahemdabad, Baroda, Lucknow, Faridabad, Mumbai, Pune, Nagpur, Goa, Kochi, Kokkanad,
Chennai, Bangalore, Vytilla, Coimbatore, Hyderabad, Bhubhaneshwar and Kolkata.

The DLF Group was founded by Chaudhury Raghuvendra Singh in 1946. DLF developed some of the first
residential colonies in Delhi such as Krishna Nagar, South Extension, Greater Kailash, Kailash Colony and
Hauz Khas. In 1957, with the passage of Delhi Development Act, the government assumed the control of
real estate development activities in Delhi and the role of private real estate developers was restricted.
As a result DLF began acquiring land at relatively low cost outside the area controlled by the Delhi
Development Authority, particularly in the
district of Gurgaon in the adjacent state of Haryana. In 1975, DLF commenced development of DLF
Qutab Enclave, which has evolved into DLF City - DLF's landmark project. Today, DLF City is spread over
3,000 acres in Gurgaon and is an integrated township, which includes residential, commercial and retail
properties in a modern city infrastructure with schools, hospitals, hotels and shopping malls. In 1989,
DLF ventured into community shopping centres. In 1991, it ventured into 1st Grade Office space and in
2002, DLF ventured into organized retail complexes.

Traditionally, DLF's core business was made up of 3 prime divisions; residential, commercial and retail.
DLF has added 3 more divisions; hotels, infrastructure and SEZs (Special Economic Zones). DLF has made
significant progress in pursuing new business opportunities in hotel, infrastructure and SEZs. DLF and
Laing O'Rourke, UK are strategic partner in several infrastructure projects. Laing O'Rourke is a global
leader in construction. Through this joint venture (JV) the DLF plans to enter projects in the sectors of
expressways and airports. For its commitment to quality, trust and customer sensitivity, DLF has earned
the coveted 'Superbrand' ranking. DLF is the only company in India in the Consumer validated category
from the real estate sector to have been awarded this distinction.

Major Achievements of DLF

 DLF is the only company in India in the Consumer validated category from the real estate sector
to have been awarded 'Superbrand' ranking.
 Received the 'Corporate Buildings Award' in March 2005 instituted by the leading construction
design magazine 'Indian Architect and Builders'.
 Awarded by Haryana Urban Development Authority (HUDA) for 'Excellence in Horticulture
Preservation'.

Dr. Reddy's Laboratories

Dr. Reddy's Laboratories is India's leading pharmaceutical company with presence in over 100 countries.
Dr Reddy's manufactures a range of products such as Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Generic &
Branded Finished Dosages, Specialty Pharmaceuticals, and Biopharmaceuticals.

Dr. Reddy's Laboratories was founded in 1984 by Dr Anji Reddy. In 1986, Dr. Reddy's went public and
entered international markets with exports of Methyldopa. In 1987, Dr. Reddy's obtained its first USFDA
approval for Ibuprofen API and started its formulations operations. In 1988, Dr. Reddy's acquired Benzex
Laboratories Pvt. Limited to expand its Bulk Actives business. In 1990, Dr. Reddy's, entered a new
territory when it, for the first time in India, exported Norfloxacin and Ciprofloxacin to Europe and Far
East. In 1993, Dr. Reddy's Research Foundation was established and the company started its drug
discovery programme. In 1994, Dr. Reddy launched a GDR issue of US$ 48 million. In 1995, the company
set up a joint venture in Russia. In 1997, Dr. Reddy's became the first Indian pharmaceutical company to
out-license an original molecule when it licensed anti-diabetic molecule, DRF 2593 (Balaglitazone), to
Novo Nordisk. In 1998, Dr. Reddy's licensed anti-diabetic molecule, DRF 2725 (Ragaglitazar), to Novo
Nordisk. In 1999, the company acquired American Remedies Limited, a pharmaceutical company based
in India. In the year 2000, became the first
Asia Pacific pharmaceutical company, outside Japan, to be listed on the New York Stock Exchange. In
2001, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories became India's third largest pharmaceutical company with the merger of
Cheminor Drugs Limited, a group company. In 2002, Dr. Reddy's made its first overseas acquisition - BMS
Laboratories Limited and Meridian Healthcare in UK. In 2003, Dr. Reddy's launched Ibuprofen, first
generic product to be marketed under the "Dr. Reddy's" label in the US. In 2006, Dr. Reddy's achieved a
revenue of US$ 1 Billion. In the same year, Dr. Reddy's acquired Betapharm- the fourth-largest generics
company in Germany. Today, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories is leading pharmaceutical company in India in
terms of turnover and profitability.

Products of Dr. Reddy's Laboratories

Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API): Dr. Reddy's Laboratories product list span 24 major
chemistries including stereo-selective synthesis, cryogenics, hydrogenations and cyanations. It has filed
84 US DMFs, the highest in India and second highest in the world.
Custom Pharmaceutical Services: Dr. Reddy's executes cost-effective and time-bound projects for its
customers, and provides them cGMP-compliant products manufactured in FDA-inspected, ISO-certified
facilities.

Generic Dosages: Dr. Reddy's Lab is a leading generic drugs manufacturer. It is the fourth largest player
in Germany after the acquisition of betapharm. The company has expertise in customer-specific
packaging, compliance packaging, anti-counterfeit packaging, and has won several awards globally for its
packaging efforts, including the Asia Star, AmeriStar and WorldStar awards.

Branded Dosages: Dr. Reddy's brands such as Omez (Omeprazole), Nise (Nimesulide), Stamlo
(Amlodipine), Ciprolet (Ciprofloxacin), Enam (Enalapril) and Ketorol (Ketorolac) are leaders in their
category in several countries.

Discovery Research: Dr. Reddy's is actively involved in drug-discovery and clinical development
programs.

Specialty Pharmaceuticals: In the field of speciality pharmaceuticals, Dr. Reddy's deals in deals acquired
proprietary technologies, internally developed proprietary drug-delivery platforms, and current internal
compounds under pre-clinical and clinical development.

Biopharmaceuticals: Grafeel (Filgrastim) was the first biologics product by Dr. Reddy's to enter the
market. The company's second product Reditux (Rituximab) is the first biosimilar monoclonal antibody
to be developed and launched anywhere in the world.

Major Achievements of Dr. Reddy's Laboratories:

 Dr. Reddy's is the 1st Asia Pacific pharmaceutical company, outside Japan to be listed on the
New York Stock Exchange.
 Dr. Reddy's biologics product Reditux (Rituximab) is the first biosimilar monoclonal antibody to
be developed and launched anywhere in the world.

Essar
Essar is one of the leading corporate houses of India. The group has diverse business interests spanning
Steel, Energy, Power, Communications, Shipping & Logistics, and Construction. For the financial year
ending March 2007, March 2007, Essar Group earned revenues of over US$ 4 billion. Essar Group
employs 20,000 people in 50 locations worldwide. All the investments of the group have been
consolidated under Essar Global Ltd., along
with its six sectoral holding companies: Essar Steel Holdings Limited, Essar Energy Holdings Limited,
Essar Power Holdings Limited, Essar Communications Holdings Limited, Essar Shipping & Logistics
Limited and Essar Constructions FZE.
Essar Group was founded by the Ruia family. The Ruia family originally belongs to Rajasthan. In the 19th
century, the family moved to Mumbai for business and trading purposes. In 1956, Nand Kishore Ruia,
the group founder, moved south to Chennai to begin independent business activities and thus the
foundations of Essar Group were laid. In 1969, after the demise of Nand Kishore Ruia, his sons Shashi
and Ravi Ruia took over the group and guided the group to its present destiny.

Business Interests of Essar Group

Steel: Essar Steel Holdings Limited is a global producer of steel with presence in India, Canada, USA,
Middle East and Asia. It is a fully integrated flat carbon steel manufacturer from iron ore to ready-to-
market products. Its product range include Iron Ore Pellets, Hot Briquetted Sponge iron (HBI), Hot Rolled
Products, Cold Rolled Products' Galvanised Products. Essar Steel is India's largest exporter of flat
products.

Energy: Essar Oil Ltd. (EOL) is leading integrated oil and gas company spanning the entire value chain:
Exploration & Production, Refinery, & Marketing. Essar was one of the first private companies to bid for
exploration blocks in 1993. It was also among the first to enter the refining sector when it was opened to
private participation. Its refinery at Vadinar, Gujarat has a capacity of a capacity of 10.5 MTPA.

Power: Essar Power Limited set up India's first new generation independent power plant with a 515 MW
combined cycle capacity, at Hazira in the early 1990s. The capacity of this plant is being enhanced to
1500 MW. The plant has set new standards of excellence in the Indian power sector. It has the lowest
manpower to megawatt ratio and one of the lowest capital costs per megawatt in India. Besides the
above plant, Essar has commissioned a 32 MW coal based captive power project at Vishakapatnam; It is
currently executing a captive gas based Combined Cycle Power Plant of 355 MW in two phases at Hazira,
Gujarat; and setting up a 120 MW Refinery residue based Captive Co-generation Power Project at
Vadinar.

Communications: In the field of communications, Essar has interests in providing telecom services,
telecom retail and telecom infrastructure. Hutchison- Essar, a joint venture between Essar and Hong
Kong-based Hutchison Whampoa, is India's second largest GSM service provider. The JV was recently
acquired by the UK-based Vodafone Group Plc at a value of USD 18.8 billion. Essar has retained its 33%
stake in the new JV with Vodafone. Essar has entered telecom retail with its brand The MobileStore. The
MobileStore is a chain of retail outlets managed by Essar Telecom Retail Ltd. in association with the
Virgin Group. The store chain sells mobile handsets and accessories, as well as digital lifestyle products.
Essar Telecom Infrastructure Private Limited (ETIPL) is one of the largest independent telecom
infrastructure service provisioning companies in India.

Shipping: Essar Shipping Ltd. (ESL) is one of the world's leading integrated sea logistics companies. It
accounts for almost 14% of India's shipping fleet and owns India's largest VLCC (Very Large Crude
Carrier), which is also India's first double hull, double bottom VLCC.
Construction: Essar is India's leading engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) contractor. Essar
has special expertise in marine construction and pipelines. Essar has laid 2,500 km of pipelines and built
150 km of the prestigious Narmada canal. Essar is a well-known name in the field of infrastructure
construction particularly in the areas of ports, jetties and roads.

Major Achievements of Essar Group

 Set up India's first new generation independent power plant with a 515 MW combined cycle
capacity at Hazira.
 Built the world's largest gas-based sponge iron plant
 Pioneered the laying of offshore oil and gas pipelines in India
 Built India's first and longest island breakwater

Essel Group
Essel Group is a giant conglomerate with diverse business interests. Essel Groups business interests span
media programming, broadcast & distribution, specialty packaging, entertainment, telecom and trading.
Subhash Chandra is the founder of the Essel Group of Companies. The Group has several firsts to its
credit such as launching the first private television channel in India and setting-up India's first laminated
tube manufacturing facility.

Businesses of Essel Group

1. Media & Entertainment: In the filed of Media & Entertainment, Essel Group has business interest in
Broadcasting & Content, Cable Distribution, DTH Television, Direct To Home, Films & Animation, and
Print Media.

 Broadcasting & Content: Essel Group launched India's first private channel Zee TV in 1992.
Today, Zee Network has 22 channels in its bouquet. It has a reach of more than 120 countries
across 5 continents and access to more than 350 million viewers globally.
 Cable Distribution: SitiCable Network Limited, a company of Essel Group, has the largest cable
network in the country with a reach of 6.5 million homes. The company has taken a lead in
Implementing CAS in India through its "Digital Headend In The Sky" project.
 Direct to Home: Essel Group started India's first DTH Television Broadcast Service through its
brand DISH TV.
 Films & Animation: Essel Group has one of the premier animation studios of the country,
named Zica. It has produced India's first full length animation movie - "Bhagmati - The Queen of
Fortunes.
 Print: Essel Group in collaboration with Dainik Bhaskar has jointly promoted a company called
Diligent Media Corporation which publishes English newspaper DNA - Daily News & Analysis.

2. Amusement & Theme Parks: Essel World is Asia's largest amusement park sprawled over 64 acres on
the coastal Goral village in northwest Mumbai. Water Kingdom is a theme park located adjacent to Essel
World. It provides international water park experience in India.

3. Gaming: Essel Group Company Playwin has introduced popular gaming formats Lotto and Thunderball
in India. Play TV is India's first interactive gaming channel. It offers games and contests on a real time
basis through SMS, emails and chat.

4. Telecom & IT: Essel Group is involved in following businesses in the filed of Telecom & IT

 Data Center: Essel Group Company Cyquator provides a number of solutions designed to meet
the different needs of business, such as firewall solution, Backup, DR solution etc.
 Satellite: Essel Group company, ASCEL is a multi venture corporate providing nationwide
retailing of TIME (Telecom, Information & Learning, Media, Entertainment) products & services,
satellite and digital wireless communication ventures for provision of infrastructure, services
and solutions among other initiatives.
 Technology Enabled Services: Intrex India Limited, a public limited company of Essel Group has
been set up to play a leading role in 'Financial Services Industry'.

5. Education: Zee Interactive Learning Systems Limited (ZILS) provides IT Educational Services through its
Own and Franchised Network of Centers branded as Zed Career Academy. Zee has also set up a network
of play schools under the brand Kid Zee.

6. Realty: Essel Group has entered real estate business through its company Fun Republic FEC. The
company offers a wide variety of leisure, entertainment, gaming and shopping options under one roof.
Fun Cinemas, a chain of multiplexes is also owned by this company. Another company Suncity Projects
Private Limited, promoted by Essel, Action and Odeon Groups, is engaged in the development of
international quality real estate infrastructure for shopping, commercial, leisure and housing activities.

7. Retailing: Essel Group company, Asian Sky Shop is India's leading telemarketing company.

8. Packaging: Essel Propack Ltd promoted by Essel group is the World's largest packaging company
dealing in laminated tubes. The company offers packaging solutions in the toothpaste, cosmetics, and
pharmaceuticals sectors to top multinational customers.

GAIL India
GAIL (India) Ltd. is India's principal gas transmission and marketing company. GAIL is involved in all
aspects of the Natural Gas value chain, which include: Exploration & Production, Processing,
Transmission, Distribution and Marketing, and its related services. In a scenario where society is
increasingly concerned about the impact of
development on environment and Natural gas is one of most clean fuels available, GAIL has a critical role
to play. GAIL is currently spearheading the move to a new era of clean fuel industrialization by creating a
quadrilateral of green energy corridors that connect major consumption centres in India with major gas
fields, LNG terminals and other cross border gas sourcing points.

GAIL (India) Ltd. was previously known as Gas Authority of India Ltd. It was set up by the Government of
India in August 1984 to create gas sector infrastructure for sustained development of the natural gas
sector in the country. During its short lifespan GAIL has achieved several major milestones.

Major Milestones of GAIL

 The 2800-km Hazira-Vijaipur-Jagdishpur (HVJ) pipeline became operational in 1991.

 GAIL began its city gas distribution in Delhi in 1997 by setting up nine CNG stations, catering to
the city's vast public transport fleet.
 In 1999, GAIL set up northern India's only petrochemical plant at Pata.
 In 2001, GAIL commissioned world's longest and India's first Cross Country LPG Transmission
Pipeline from Jamnagar to Loni.
 GAIL became the first Infrastructure Provider Category II Licensee and signed India's first Service
Level Agreement for leasing bandwidth in the Delhi-Vijaipur sector in 2001, through its telecom
business GAILTEL.
 Gas Authority of India was renamed GAIL (India) Limited on November 22, 2002.

GAIL's Business Portfolio includes:

 5,800 km of Natural Gas high pressure trunk pipeline with a capacity to carry 130 MMSCMD of
natural gas across the country.
 7 LPG Gas Processing Units to produce 1.2 MMTPA of LPG and other liquid hydrocarbons.
 1,922 km of LPG Transmission pipeline network with a capacity to transport 3.8 MMTPA of LPG.
 30 oil and gas Exploration blocks and 3 Coal Bed Methane Blocks.
 13,000 km of OFC network offering highly dependable bandwidth for telecom service providers.
 Joint venture companies in Delhi, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Kanpur, Agra, Lucknow, Bhopal, and
Pune, for supplying Piped Natural Gas (PNG) to households and commercial users, and
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) to the transport sector.
 Participating stake in the Dahej LNG Terminal and the upcoming Kochi LNG Terminal in Kerala.
 Presence in the CNG and City Gas sectors in Egypt through equity participation in three Egyptian
companies: Fayum Gas Company SAE, Shell CNG SAE and National Gas Company SAE.
 Stake in China Gas Holding to explore opportunities in the CNG sector in mainland China.
 A wholly-owned subsidiary company GAIL Global (Singapore) Pte Ltd in Singapore.

Today, besides gas infrastructure GAIL has also diversified into Petrochemicals, Telecom and Liquid
Hydrocarbons.

Major Achievements of GAIL

 Selected as the top Indian company in the Gas Processing, Transmission and Marketing sector
for the Dun & Bradstreet - American Express Corporate Awards 2006.
 GAIL's Dahej-Vijaipur Pipeline Project won the Silver Medal in Mega Projects Category at the
International Project Management Association Awards, 2006.
 Received the Platts Global Industry Leadership Award 2005.
  Rated as one of the Best Employers in India by Hewitt Associates in 2004
 Global Platts Survey No. 1 Company among global gas utilities in terms of Return on Invested
Capital (2002-03)

GMR Group
GMR Group is an upcoming corporate group in India with diverse business interests in Infrastructure and
manufacturing sector. In Infrastructure sector, GMR Group has interests in Energy, Roads and Airports.
In manufacturing sector, the group's activities span Sugar and Ferro alloys. GMR Group is also engaged
in the fields of Education, Health, Hygiene and Sanitation, Empowerment & Livelihoods and Community-
Based Programmes. The group was founded in 1978 by Shri G.M. Rao.

Business Interests of GMR Group

Energy: GMR Group operates three power plants: GMR Energy Ltd. in Mangalore, GMR Power
Corporation Pvt. Ltd. in Chennai and Vemagiri Power Generation Ltd. in Andhra Pradesh. GMR's
Mangalore Power plant uses environment friendly fuel and combined cycle gas turbine technology to
achieve maximum thermal efficiency. The plant received the ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001 certifications
from Det Norske Veritas for its compliance with internationally-benchmarked environmental standards.
GMR Power Corporation Pvt. Ltd operates a 200 MW power plant in Chennai and supplies the entire
power to the Tamil Nadu State Electricity Board. Chennai plant too has received ISO 14001 and OHSAS
18001 certifications. Vemagiri Power Generation is a natural gas based thermal power plant with an
installed capacity of 388.5 MW. Besides these power plants the GMR Group is developing three more
power projects: GMR Badrinath Hydro Power Generation Pvt. Ltd. in Alaknanda, Uttarakhand,
Kamalanga Power Project in Orissa and the
Talong Power Project in Arunachal Pradesh.

Airport: GMR Group is developing a world-class Greenfield international airport in Shamshabad,

Hyderabad and modernizing and expanding the Indira Gandhi International Airport in New Delhi. A
consortium of GMR Infrastructure Malaysia Airports Holdings and Turkey's Limak recently bagged the
contract to build Istanbul's second airport.

Roads: GMR Group has completed a 4 lane Highway between Tuni-Anakapalli on NH-5 in Andhra
Pradesh for a distance of 60 km and the other between Tambaram-Tindivanam on NH-45 in Tamil Nadu
for a distance of 93 km. The company has bagged four more projects. These include: 35 km Ambala-
Chandigarh road project, 107 km Adloor-Yellareddy-Gundla Pochanpalli stretch , 58 km Thondapalli-
Jadcherla project on NH-7 in Andhra Pradesh and the 71 km Tindivanam-Ulunderpet stretch on NH-45 in
Tamil Nadu.

Agri-Business: GMR Group has a sugar plant located at Sankili in Srikakulam district of Andhra Pradesh
and is setting up two more sugar plants in Karnataka.
Ferro Alloys: GMR Ferro Alloys and Industries Ltd has an ISO 9001 certified plant located in the Tekkali
district of Andhra Pradesh. It manufactures internationally accepted high carbon ferro-chrome for the
stainless steel industry.

Godrej
The Godrej Group is one of the respected business houses of India. The group has diverse business
interests ranging from engineering to personal care products. Companies operating under the Godrej
Group are involved in a host of businesses - from locks and safes to typewriters and word processors,
from refrigerators and furniture to machine tools and process equipment, from engineering
workstations to cosmetics and detergents, from edible oils and chemicals to agro products. Godrej
Group is also well-known for its philosophy and initiation of labour reforms.

The Godrej Group was established in 1897. Its founder, Ardeshir Godrej, was a staunch nationalist and
believed that India cannot win freedom unless it is economically self-reliant. Beginning with security
equipment and soaps, the group diversified into a wide variety of consumer goods and services.

Godrej Group Companies:

Godrej & Boyce Mfg. Co. Ltd.: Godrej & Boyce manufactures a spectrum of consumer products and
industrial products. The Consumer products include Appliances (Refrigerators, Washing Machines, Air
Conditioners, Microwaves, and DVD Players), Locks, Furniture, Security Equipment, Office Automation,
Conferencing Solutions, and vending Machines. Industrial Products include Storage Solutions,
Automated Warehousing, Material Handling Equipment, Process Equipment, Precision Components &
Systems, Machine Tool Service, Electrical &
Electronic, Tooling, and Construction Material & Services.

Godrej Consumer Products Ltd (GCPL): Godrej Consumer Products is a leading player in the Indian
FMCG market with interests in personal, hair, household and fabric care segments. Godrej Consumer
Products is the largest marketer of toilet soaps in the country with leading brands such as Cinthol,
Fairglow, and Godrej No 1. The company is also leader in the hair colour category in India and offers a
vast product such as Godrej Renew Coloursoft Liquid Hair Colours, Godrej Liquid & Powder Hair Dyes to
Godrej Kesh Kala Oil, Nupur based Hair Dyes. Its liquid detergent brand Ezee is the market leader in its
category.

Godrej Industries Ltd.: The company is India's leading manufacturer of oleochemicals. It also has major
presence in food products such as refined oil and tetrapack fruit beverages.

Geometric Software Solutions: It is a CMMI Level 5 Company and the leading PLM services provider.

Godrej Infotech: The company is engaged in the business of developing customized software solutions
and implementing ERP, CRM, SCM software.
Godrej Agrovet: Godrej Agrovet is one of the largest producers and marketers of animal feeds and
innovative agri-inputs India.

Godrej Sara Lee: It is a joint venture between the Godrej Group and Sara Lee Corporation, USA. The
company is the world's largest manufacturer of home insecticides. Its brand HIT is very popular in India.

Godrej Efacec: The company provides warehousing, automated storage and retrieval system solutions.

Godrej Properties and Investments Limited (G.P.I.L): Godrej Properties provides meticulously planned
townships at affordable prices.

The Godrej Group also has overseas establishments in Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam, Oman, and
Sharjah.

Major Achievements of Godrej Group:

 In 1897, Godrej Introduced the first lock with lever technology in India.
 In 1902, Godrej made the first Indian safe.
 In 1955, Godrej produced India's first indigenous typewriter
 In 1989, Godrej became the first company to introduce PUF ( Polyurethane Foam)
 Introduced India's first and only 100% CFC, HCFC, HFC free refrigerators

HCL
HCL (Hindustan Computers Limited) is a leading global Technology and IT enterprise whose range of
services spans Product Engineering and Technology Development, Application Services, BPO Services,
Infrastructure Services, IT Hardware, Systems Integration, and Distribution of Technology and Telecom
products in India. The HCL Enterprise comprises two companies listed in India: HCL Technologies and
HCL Infosystems. HCL Technologies is the IT and BPO services arm focused on global markets, while HCL
Infosystems deals in the IT, Communication, Office Automation Products & System Integration arm
focused on the Indian market. Today, HCL has 45,000 employees of diverse nationalities, operating
across 17 countries including 360 service centers in India. HCL has global partnerships with several
leading Fortune 1000 firms, including several IT and Technology majors.

Shiv Nadar is the founder of HCL. He founded HCL in 1976 in a Delhi "barsaati". In 1978, HCL developed
the first indigenous micro-computer at the same time as Apple and 3 years before IBM's PC. In 1980,
HCL introduced bit sliced, 16-bit processor based micro-computer. In 1983, HCL Indigenously developed
an RDBMS, a Networking OS and a Client Server architecture, at the same time as global IT peers. In
1986, HCL became the largest IT company in India. In 1988, HCL introduced fine grained multi-processor
Unix-3 years ahead of "Sun" and "HP". In 1991, HCL entered into a joint venture Hewlett Packard and
HCL-Hewlett Packard Ltd. was formed. The joint developed multi-processor Unix for HP and heralded
HCL's entry into contract R&D. In 1997, HCL Infosystems was formed. In the same year HCL ventured
into software services. In 1999, HCL Technologies Ltd issued an IPO and became a public listed company.
In 2001, HCL BPO was incorporated and HCL Infosystems became the largest hardware company. In
2002, software businesses of HCL Infosystems and HCL Technologies were merged. In 2005, HCL set up
first Power PC architecture design centre outside of IBM. In the same year HCL Infosystems launched
sub Rs.10,000 PC. In 2006, HCL Infosystems became the first company in India to launch the New
Generation of High Performance Server Platforms Powered by Intel Dual - Core Xeon 5000 Processor.
Today, HCL has a turnover of over US$4billion.

Major Achievements of HCL

 Developed the first indigenous micro-computer in 1978.

 Indigenously developed an RDBMS, a Networking OS and a Client Server architecture in 1983.
 In 1986, HCL becomes the largest IT company in India.
 HCL introduced fine grained multi-processor Unix-3 years ahead of "Sun" and "HP".

Hero Group
Hero Group is a multi-unit, multi-product, geographically diversified Group with myriad interests. Hero,
is synonymous with two-wheelers in India and Group's other ventures include product designing, IT
enabled services, finance and insurance etc. Hero Group ranks amongst the Top 10 Indian Business
Houses. The Group today comprises of 20 companies, 300 ancillary suppliers, over 5,000 outlets, and
has employee strength of more than 23,000.

The origins of Hero Group can be traced to 1956 when Hero Cycles Limited was established by Munjal
brothers: Satyanand Munjal, Brijmohan Lall Munjal and O. P. Munjal. Before the establishment of Hero
Cycles, which is the flagship company of the Hero Group, Munjal brothers were modest manufacturers
of bicycle components. In 1961, Rockman Cycles Industries Limited established, which is today the
largest manufacturer of bicycle chains and hubs. In 1963, Hero Group forayed into the international
market with bicycle exports from India. In 1971, Highway Cycles was set up to meet the demands of
Hero Cycles. It is today the largest
manufacturer of single speed and multi-speed freewheels. In 1975, Hero Cycles Limited became the
largest manufacturer of bicycles in India. In 1978, Majestic Auto Limited was formed and the Hero
Majestic Moped was introduced. In 1981, Munjal Castings was established. In 1984, Hero Group started
manufacturing motorcycles with the establishment of Hero Honda Motors Limited in joint venture with
Honda Motors of Japan. In 1985, Munjal Showa Limited was established to manufacture shock
absorbers and struts. In 1986, Hero Cycles Limited entered the Guinness Book of Records as the largest
bicycle manufacturer in the World. In 1987, Hero Motors, a division of Majestic Auto Limited was set up
in collaboration with Steyr Daimler Puch of Austria. In 1987, Gujarat Cycles Limited, presently known as
Munjal Auto Industries Limited was established to manufacture and export state-of-the-art bicycles and
allied products. In 1993, Hero Exports was established as the International Trading Division for Group
and non-Group products. In 1995, Hero Corporate Services Limited was established as the service
segment for the Hero Group Companies, ancillaries, suppliers, dealers and other associates. In 1998,
Munjal Auto Components was established to manufacture gear shafts and gear blanks for motorcycles.
In 2000, Hero Group diversified into IT and IT enabled services through its service segment - Hero
Corporate Services Limited. In 2001, Hero Global Design established to offer engineering services in
CAD/CAM/CAE related to New Product Development, Design, Engineering and Manufacturing. In 2002,
Easy Bill was established to offer utility bill collection & retail services. In 2004, Hero Group forayed into
retail insurance business with the establishment of NsurePlus. Today, Hero Group enjoys leadership
position in all the business segments it has entered.

Major Achievements of Hero Group

 Hero Honda Motors is the World's largest manufacturer of two-wheelers.

 Hero Cycles Limited is a Guinness Book Record holder since 1986 as the world's largest
manufacturer of bicycles.
 Hero Honda is ranked number one in the two-wheeler category on Environmental Performance
by the Centre for Science and Environment.
 Group Chairman, Mr Brijmohan Lall Munjal received the coveted "Ernst & Young Entrepreneur
of the Year" award for 2001.

Hindustan Lever Ltd

Hindustan Lever Ltd (HLL) is India's largest Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) company. HLL's brands
like Lifebuoy, Lux, Surf Excel, Rin, Wheel, Fair & Lovely, Pond's, Sunsilk, Clinic, Pepsodent, Close-up,
Lakme, Brooke Bond, Kissan, Knorr-Annapurna, Kwality Wall's are household names across the country
and span a host of categories, such as soaps, detergents, personal products, tea, coffee, branded
staples, ice cream and culinary products. These products are manufactured over 40 factories across
India and the associated operations involve over 2,000 suppliers and associates. Hindustan Lever
Limited's distribution network comprises about 4,000 redistribution stockists, covering 6.3 million retail
outlets reaching the entire urban population, and about 250 million rural consumers. HLL is also one of
India's largest exporters. It has been recognised as a Golden Super Star Trading House by the
Government of India. Presently, HLL has over 16,000 employees including over 1,200 managers. Its
mission is to "add vitality to life." The Anglo-Dutch company Unilever owns a majority stake in Hindustan
Lever Limited.

In the late 19th and early 20th century Unilever used to export its products to India. This process began
in 1888 with the export of Sunlight soap, which was followed by Lifebuoy in 1895 and other famous
brands like Pears, Lux and Vim soon after. In 1931, Unilever set up its first Indian subsidiary, Hindustan
Vanaspati Manufacturing Company, followed by Lever Brothers India Limited (1933) and United Traders
Limited (1935). The three companies were merged in November 1956 and the new entity that came into
existence after merger was called as Hindustan Lever Limited. HLL offered 10% of its equity to the Indian
public, and it was the first among the foreign subsidiaries to do so. Currently, Unilever holds 51.55%
equity in the company while the rest of the shareholding is distributed among about 380,000 individual
shareholders and financial institutions.
Brooke Bond entered Indian market in 1900 and in 1903 it launched Red Label tea in the country. In
1912, Brooke Bond & Co. India Limited was formed. Unilever acquired Brooke Bond through an
international acquisition. Similarly, Lipton's link with India date back to 1898. Unilever acquired Lipton in
1972 and in 1977 Lipton Tea (India) Limited was incorporated. Pond's (India) had been in Indian market
since 1947. It joined the Unilever ranks through an international acquisition of Chesebrough Pond's USA
in 1986.

The liberalization of Indian economy in 1991 and subsequent removal of the regulatory framework
allowed HLL to explore every single product and opportunity segment, without any constraints on
production capacity. The 1990s witnessed a string of crucial mergers, acquisitions and alliances. In 1992,
the erstwhile Brooke Bond acquired Kothari General Foods, with significant interests in Instant Coffee. In
1993, it acquired the Kissan business from the UB Group and the Dollops Ice-cream business from
Cadbury India. In one of the most talked about events of India's corporate history, the erstwhile Tata Oil
Mills Company (TOMCO) merged with HLL, effective from April 1, 1993. In July 1993, Brooke Bond India
and Lipton India merged to form Brooke Bond Lipton India Limited (BBLIL). Brooke Bond Lipton India
Limited launched Wall's range of Frozen Desserts in 1994 and by the end of the year, HLL entered into a
strategic alliance with the Kwality Icecream Group families. BBLIL merged with HLL, with effect from
January 1, 1996. HLL has also set up a subsidiary in Nepal, Nepal Lever Limited (NLL). The NLL factory
manufactures HLL's products like Soaps, Detergents and Personal Products both for the domestic market
and exports to India. In January 2000, as part of its divestment strategy, the government decided to
award 74 per cent equity in Modern Foods to HLL. In 2002, HLL acquired the government's remaining
stake in Modern Foods. In February 2007, the company has been renamed to "Hindustan Unilever
Limited" to strike the optimum balance between maintaining the heritage of the Company and the
future benefits and synergies of global alignment with the corporate name of "Unilever".

Indian Oil Corporation

Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. (IOC) is the flagship national oil company in the downstream sector. The
IndianOil Group of companies owns and operates 10 of India's 19 refineries with a combined refining
capacity of 1.2 million barrels per day. These include two refineries of subsidiary Chennai Petroleum
Corporation Ltd. (CPCL) and one of Bongaigaon Refinery and Petrochemicals Limited (BRPL). The 10
refineries are located at Guwahati, Barauni, Koyali, Haldia, Mathura, Digboi, Panipat, Chennai,
Narimanam, and Bongaigaon. Indian Oil's cross-country crude oil and product pipelines network span
over 9,300 km. It operates the largest and the widest network of petrol & diesel stations in the country,
numbering around 16,455.

Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. (IndianOil) was formed in 1964 through the merger of Indian Oil Company Ltd
and Indian Refineries Ltd. Indian Refineries Ltd was formed in 1958, with Feroze Gandhi as Chairman and
Indian Oil Company Ltd. was established on 30th June 1959 with Mr S. Nijalingappa as the first
Chairman. In 1964, Indian Oil commissioned Barauni Refinery and the first petroleum product pipeline
from Guwahati. In 1965, Gujarat Refinery was inaugurated. In 1967, Haldia Baraurii Pipeline (HBPL) was
commissioned. In 1972, Indian Oil launched SERVO, the first indigenous lubricant. In 1974, Indian Oil
Blending Ltd. (IOBL) became the wholly owned subsidiary of Indian Oil. In 1975, Haldia Refinery was
commissioned. In 1981, Digboi Refinery and Assam Oil Company's (AOC) marketing operations came
under the control of Indian Oil. In 1982, Mathura Refinery and Mathura-Jalandhar Pipeline (MJPL) were
commissioned. In 1994, India's First Hydrocracker Unit was commissioned at Gujarat Refinery. In 1995,
1,443 km. long Kandla-Bhatinda Pipeline (KBPL) was commissioned at Sanganer. In 1998, Panipat
Refinery was commissioned. In the same year, Haldia, Barauni Crude Oil Pipeline (HBCPL) was
completed. In 2000, Indian Oil crossed the turnover of Rs l ,00,000 crore and became the first Corporate
in India to do so. In the same year Indian Oil entered into Exploration & Production (E&P) with the award
of two exploration blocks to Indian Oil and ONGC consortium under NELP-I. In 2003, Lanka IOC Pvt. Ltd.
(LIOC) was launched in Sri Lanka. In 2005, Indian Oil's Mathura Refinery became the first refinery in India
to attain the capability of producing entire quantity of Euro-III compliant diesel.

Major Achievements of Indian Oil Corporation

 Currently India's largest company by sales.

 Highest ranked Indian company in the prestigious Fortune 'Global 500' listing, at 135th position.
 20th largest petroleum company in the world.

Infosys Technologies
Infosys Technologies is a leading Information Technology (IT) company which provides end-to-end
business solutions that leverage technology. Infosys serves the client globally and as one of the pioneers
in strategic offshore outsourcing of software services, it has leveraged the global trend of offshore
outsourcing. Infosys helps large global corporations and new generation technology companies in
building new products or services and in
implementing prudent business and technology strategies in the contemporary dynamic digital
environment.

Services offered by Infosys are:

 Application Development & Maintenance,

 Corporate Performance Management,
 Enterprise Quality Services
 Infrastructure Services
 Packages Application Services
 Product Engineering
 Systems Integration

Industries served by Infosys include:

 Aerospace & Defense

 Automotive
 Banking and Capital Markets
 Communication Services
  Consumer Packaged Goods
 Discrete Manufacturing
 Energy
 Healthcare
 High Technology
 Hospitality & Leisure
 Insurance
 Life Sciences
 Media & Entertainment
 Resources
 Retail
 Transportation Services
 Utility

Infosys was founded on July 2, 1981 by N.R. Narayan Murthy and six of his colleagues, namely, Nandan
Nilekani, N. S. Raghavan, S. Gopalakrishnan, S. D. Shibulal, K. Dinesh and Ashok Arora. Narayan Murthy
borrowed Rs.10,000 from his wife Sudha Murthy as seed capital for the company. In 1987 Infosys got its
first foreign client, Data Basics Corporation from the United States and opened its first office in the USA.
In 1993, Infosys became a public limited company and successfully completed IPO in India. In the same
year Infosys received ISO 9001/TickIT certification. Infosys set up its first office in Europe in Milton
Keynes, UK in 1996. In 1999, Infosys crossed $100 Million in annual revenue and was listed on NASDAQ.
It was Indian company to be listed on NASDAQ. In the same year Infosys opened offices in Germany,
Sweden, Belgium, and Australia. In 2000, Infosys crossed $200 Million in annual revenue. In 2004,
Infosys crossed US $1 Billion in annual revenue. In 2006, Infosys completed 25 years of its existence and
its revenues crossed $ 2 billion. Today Infosys has more than 50,000 employees and has presence in
more than 20 countries across the world. Its corporate headquarters is in Bangalore.

Infosys follows highest standards of corporate governance. No relative of the founders is eligible to work
in Infosys and all the employees including founders are to retire at the age of 60. Some of the persons
occupying key positions in Infosys are: N. R. Narayan Murthy (Founder, Non Executive Chairman and
Chief Mentor), Nandan Nilekani (Co-founder and Co-Chairman), S. "Kris" Gopalakrishnan (Co-founder,
CEO and MD), and S. D. Shibulal (Co-founder and COO).

Major Achievements of Infosys

 First Indian company to be listed on NASDAQ

 First company to be awarded the "National Award for Excellence in Corporate Governance"
conferred by the Government of India in 2000.
 Rated Best Employer of India in a study by Business Today-Hewitt Associates in 2001.
 First rank in the Business World's survey of "India's Most Respected Company" in 2002.
ITC Ltd
ITC Ltd is one of India's premier private sector companies with diversified presence in businesses such as
Cigarettes, Hotels, Paperboards & Specialty Papers, Packaging, Agri-Business, Packaged Foods &
Confectionery, Information Technology, Branded Apparel, Greeting Cards, Safety Matches and other
FMCG products. Presently, ITC has a market capitalisation of nearly US $ 15 billion and a turnover of
over US $ 4.75 billion. It employs over 21,000 people at more than 60 locations across India. ITC has
been rated among the World's Best Big Companies, Asia's 'Fab 50' and the World's Most Reputable
Companies by Forbes magazine, among India's Most Respected Companies by Business World and
among India's Most Valuable Companies by Business Today.

ITC was incorporated on August 24, 1910 under the name of 'Imperial Tobacco Company of India
Limited'. ITC had a humble beginning and in the initial days it used to operate from a leased office on
Radha Bazar Lane, Kolkata. On its 16th birthday on August 24, 1926, ITC purchased the plot of land
situated at 37, Chowringhee, (now renamed J.L. Nehru Road) Kolkata. Two years later company's
headquarter building, 'Virginia House' came on that plot. Progressively the ownership of the company
Indianised, and the name of the Company was changed to I.T.C. Limited in 1974. In recognition of the
Company's multi-business portfolio encompassing a wide range of businesses, the full stops in the
Company's name were removed effective September 18, 2001 and the Company was rechristened as
'ITC Limited'.

ITC is involved in following businesses:

Cigarettes: ITC is the market leader in cigarettes in India and has a wide range of popular brands such as
Insignia, India Kings, Classic, Gold Flake, Silk Cut, Navy Cut, Scissors, Capstan, Berkeley, Bristol and Flake
in its portfolio.

Packaging: ITC's Packaging & Printing Business is the country's largest convertor of paperboard into
packaging. It was set up in 1925 as a strategic backward integration for ITC's Cigarettes business. It offers
a variety of value-added packaging solutions for the food & beverage, personal products, cigarette,
liquor, cellular phone and IT packaging industries.

Hotels: ITC entered the hotels business in 1975 with the acquisition of a hotel in Chennai which was
rechristened Hotel Chola. Today ITC-Welcomgroup with over 70 hotels is one of the foremost hotel
chains in India.

Paperboards: In 1979, ITC entered the Paperboards business by promoting ITC Bhadrachalam
Paperboards. ITC's Paperboards business has a manufacturing capacity of over 360,000 tonnes per year
and is a market leader in India across all carton-consuming segments.

Greeting, Gifting & Stationery: ITC's stationery brands "Paper Kraft" & "Classmate" are widely
distributed brands across India. The Paperkraft designer stationery range consists of notepads & multi
subject notebooks in hard, soft covers & multiple binding formats including spirals, wiros etc. ITC's
Greeting & Gifting products include Expressions range of greeting cards and gifting products.

Safety Matches: ITC's brands of safety matches include iKno, Mangaldeep, VaxLit, Delite and Aim. The
Aim is the largest selling brand of Safety Matches in India. ITC also exports premium brands to markets
such as Europe, Africa and the USA.

Aggarbattis: ITC has launched Mangaldeep brand of Aggarbattis with a wide range of fragrances like
Rose, Jasmine, Bouquet, Sandalwood, Madhur, Durbar, Tarangini, Anushri, Ananth and Mogra.
Mangaldeep is also being exported to USA, UAE, Bahrain, Nepal, Singapore, Malaysia, Oman and South
Africa.

Lifestyle Retailing: ITC entered the Lifestyle Retailing business with the Wills Sport range of international
quality relaxed wear for men and women in 2000. The Wills Lifestyle chain of exclusive stores later
expanded its range to include Wills Classic formal wear (2002) and Wills Clublife evening wear (2003). In
2002, ITC entered into the popular segment with its men's wear brand, John Players. In 2005, ITC
introduced Essenza Di Wills, an exclusive line of prestige fragrance products.

Food: ITC made its entry into the branded & packaged Foods business in August 2001 with the launch of
the "Kitchens of India" brand. In 2002 it expanded into Confectionery, Staples and Snack Foods
segments. ITC's brand in Food category include: Kitchens of India, Aashirvaad, Sunfeast, Mint-O,
Candyman, and Bingo!.

Agri Exports: ITC's International Business Division (IBD) is the country's second largest exporter of agri-
products. ITC exports Feed Ingredients (Soyameal), Foodgrains (Rice, Wheat, Pulses), Coffee & Spices,
Edible Nuts, Marine Products, and Processed Fruits.

e-choupal: The e-Choupal model of ITC has been very effective in tackling the challenges posed by the
unique features of Indian agriculture, characterised by fragmented farms, weak infrastructure and the
involvement of numerous intermediaries, among others. ITC's e-Choupal won the Stockholm Challenge
2006 award is for using information technology for the economic development of rural communities.

Jaypee Group
Jaypee Group is an infrastructure conglomerate with diverse business interests ranging from
Engineering and Construction, Cement, Private Hydropower, Hospitality, Information Technology, and
Real Estate Development to Expressways and Highways.

The founder of Jaypee Group is Jaiprakash

Gaur, who started as a civil contractor in 1958. In 1979, Jaiprakash Associates Private Ltd (JAPL) was
formed. In 1980, Jaypee Group entered into Hospitality sector and set up Hotels Siddharth and Vasant
Continental. In 1983, Jaypee Rewa Cement Plant (JRCL) was established with an initial capacity of 1
million tones. In 1986, Jaiprakash Industries Limited (JIL) was formed by amalgamating JAPL into JRCL. In
1992, Jaiprakash Hydro Power Ltd (JHPL) and Jaiprakash Power Venture Ltd. (JPVL) were formed. In
1996, Jaypee Bela Cement Plant (JBCP) was established with an initial capacity of 1.9 million tones. In
2000, JRCL and JBCP were merged to form Jaypee Cement Ltd. (JCL). In 2003, Jaiprakash Associates Ltd.
(JAL) was formed by merging JIL with JCL. In 2005, shares of JHPL were listed on BSE/NSE and JHPL
became the first Hydropower company to be publicly held and listed in India.

Business Interests of Jaypee Group

Civil Engineering: Jaiprakash Associates Ltd., the flagship company of the Group, is a pioneer in
construction of river valley and hydropower projects on turnkey basis in India. Jaypee Group has
executed 13 Hydropower projects spread over 6 states of India and neighbouring Bhutan to generate
10,290 MW of power.

Hydropower: Jaypee Group ventured into hydropower in 1992, with the formation of Jaiprakash Hydro
Power Ltd (JHPL) and Jaiprakash Power Venture Ltd. (JPVL). The group has undertaken following
hydroprojects: Baspa Hydro - Electric Project Stage II (300 MW) on the river Baspa, in Kinnaur district of
Himachal Pardesh; Vishnu Prayag, 400MW project on the river Alaknanada; and Karcham Wangtoo 1000
MW project.

Cement: Jaypee Group is the 4th largest cement producer in the country. It produces Ordinary Portland
Cement and Pozzolana Portland Cement under the brand names "Buland" and "Buniyad". The group has
plants at Rewa, and Bela. Jaypee Group is poised to achieve cement production capacity of 20 MTPA by
the year 2009.

Hospitality: Jaypee Group owns and operates four Five Star Deluxe hotels through a subsidiary
company, Jaypee Hotels Limited. These hotels are: Hotel Siddharth and Hotel Vasant Continental in New
Delhi, Hotel Jaypee Palace Agra, and Jaypee Residency Manor, Mussoorie.

Real Estate Development: Jaypee Group is developing real estate in Greater Noida. Its property, Jaypee
Greens, is spread over an area of 450 acres. It comprises golf resorts, villas, townhouses, penthouses,
condominiums, studio apartments, commercial complexes and shopping malls.

Expressways & Highways: Jaypee Group is constructing the prestigious 160 km long Expressway with Six
lane access that would connect the historical city of Agra with Greater Noida.

Information Technology: Jaypee Group Company JIL Information Technology Limited (JILIT) specializes
in: Hardware & Networking, Multimedia Services & Software, and Enterprise Resource Planning.

Thermal Power: Jaypee Group has formed a Joint Venture company with Madhya Pradesh State Mining
Corporation Limited (MPSMCL) to undertake coal production and sale of coal from coal block/blocks
which might be allotted to MPSMCL. The company is called Madhya Pradesh Jaypee Minerals Limited.
The company has plans to set up 1000 MW Thermal Power Plant in Madhya Pradesh.

Transmission System: Jaiprakash Hydro-Power Limited has plans to venture into the development of
transmission systems with the Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd (PGCIL).

Major Achievements of Jaypee Group

 Jaypee Group is the largest private sector hydro power producer in India with an installed
capacity of 700 MW.
 Sardar Sarovar Dam being executed by the group is the third largest in the world for volume of
chilled concrete to be placed -nearly 7 million cum.
 Indira Sagar a 1000 MW Power house is the second largest surface power house in the country.
 Nathpa Jhakri a 1500 MW Power House is the largest underground power house in India.
 Tehri Dam is the third tallest rockfill dam in the world, and the largest in Asia involving
placement of over 25 million cum of all types of fill material.

Jindal Steel
Jindal Steel is amongst the largest corporate groups in India. Jindal Group is presently a US $5 billion
conglomerate and ranks fourth amongst the top Indian Business Houses in terms of assets. Jindal Steel is
one of the largest steel producers in India with 12 plants in India and 2 in USA.

O.P. Jindal is the founder of Jindal Group. He started by trading in steel pipes in Nalwa, a village in the
present-day Haryana. In 1952, O.P. Jindal set up the group's first factory at Liluah, near Calcutta for the
manufacturing of steel pipes, bends and sockets. Soon thereafter, he set up a similar manufacturing unit
at Hisar. In the early 1960s Jindal Steel achieved a breakthrough when it developed India's first 100%
indigenous pipe mill at Hisar. In 1970, O.P. Jindal established Jindal Strips Limited and set up a mini steel
plant at Hisar to manufacture coils and plates through the electric and furnace route. Since then, Jindal
Steel has not looked back and has gone from strength to strength. Today, the group has developed into
a multi-faceted organization with revenues in excess of US $5 billion.

Companies of Jindal Group

Jindal Stainless Ltd.: Jindal Stainless is the largest integrated stainless steel producer in India and the
flagship company of the Jindal Group. It is an ISO: 9001 & ISO: 14001 company. Jindal Stainless Ltd. has
plants at Hisar and Vizag and is setting up a Greenfield integrated Stainless Steel project in Orissa with
capacity of 1.6 million tones per annum. Jindal's plant at Hisar is India's only composite stainless steel
plant for the manufacture of Stainless Steel Slabs, Blooms, Hot rolled and Cold Rolled Coils, 60% of
which are exported worldwide. At Vizag, Jindal has a Ferro Alloy Plant with an installed capacity of
40,000 metric tones per annum.

Jindal Steel & Power Ltd: JSPL is one of the leaders in Steel Manufacturing and Power Generation in
India. JSPL is the largest private sector investor in the State of Chhattisgarh with a total investment
commitment of more than Rs. 10,000 crores. It is also setting up a 6 million tonne steel plant in Orissa
with an investment of Rs. 13,500 crores and a 6 million tonne steel plant in Jharkhand with an
investment of Rs. 15,000 crores. Jindal Power Limited, wholly owned subsidiary of JSPL, is setting up a
1000 MW O P Jindal Super Thermal Power Plant at Raigarh, with an investment of over Rs. 4500 crores.
JSPL has also ventured into exploration and mining of high value minerals and metals, like diamond,
precious stones, gold, platinum group of minerals, base metals, tar sands etc.

JSW Steel Limited: JSW Steel Ltd is a fully integrated steel plant having units across Karnataka and
Maharashtra producing from pellets to colour coated steel. JSW was founded in1982, when the Jindal
Group acquired Piramal Steel Ltd which operated a mini steel mill at Tarapur in Maharashtra. The
Jindals, renamed it as Jindal Iron and Steel Co Ltd (JISCO) now known as JSW Steel Limited
(Downstream). In 1994, to achieve the vision of moving up the value chain and building a strong,
resilient company, JISCO promoted Jindal Vijayanagar Steel Ltd (JVSL) now known as JSW Steel Limited
(Upstream).

Larsen & Toubro

Larsen & Toubro Limited (L&T) is a vertically integrated engineering and construction conglomerate with
additional interests in manufacturing, services and Information Technology. L&T is one of the largest
companies in India's private sector and has an international presence, with a global spread of offices. In
fact it can be aptly called as an Indian multinational. Nearly 18 per cent of L&T's total revenue comes
from overseas earnings.

Larsen & Toubro is one of few organizations in Indian corporate sector that is truly professionally
managed. L&T was founded as a partnership firm in 1938 in Mumbai by two Danish engineers, Henning
Holck-Larsen and Soren Kristian Toubro. They had arrived in India as representatives of the Danish
engineering firm F L Smidth & Co in connection with the merger of cement companies that later grouped
into the Associated Cement Companies. In 1944, Engineering Construction Corporation Limited (ECC) as
incorporated as wholly owned subsidiary of Larsen & Toubro Limited. L&T was converted into a limited
company on February 7, 1946. Starting with
the import of machinery from Europe, L&T rapidly took on engineering and construction assignments of
increasing sophistication. Today, L&T is a pioneer in engineering projects in terms of scale and
complexity.

The various business groups of L&T are:

Engineering & Construction - Projects: L&T has an enviable track record of successful implementation of
turnkey projects in major core and infrastructure sectors. L&T's core competencies in engineering
include highly qualified and experienced personnel from various disciplines, state-of-the-art 2-D and 3-D
CAD facilities with sophisticated plant design systems and basic engineering capabilities. L&T is the only
Indian EPC company pre-qualified for executing large, process-intensive projects for oil & gas, refinery,
petrochemical and fertiliser sectors.
Heavy Engineering: L&T has been among Indian corporate sector in introducing new processes,
products and materials in manufacturing. It is acknowledged as one of the top five fabrication
companies in the world and has globally-benchmarked workshops are located in Mumbai, Hazira,
Baroda and Kansbahal.

Construction: ECC, the Engineering Construction & Contracts Division of L&T, is India's largest
construction organization. It is credited with building some of India's famous landmarks such as
exquisite buildings, tallest structures, largest industrial projects, longest flyovers, highest viaducts,
longest pipelines etc.

Electrical & Electronics: L&T is a major international manufacturer of a wide range of electrical and
electronic products and systems. In the electrical segment, L&T is India's largest manufacturer of low
tension switchgear. In the electronic segment, L&T offers a wide range of meters and provides complete
control and automation systems for diverse industries.

Information Technology: L&T Infotech Limited, a 100 per cent subsidiary of L&T, caters to leading
international companies across the globe and offers comprehensive, end to end software solutions and
services with a focus on Manufacturing, BFSI and Communications & Embedded Systems.

Machinery & Industrial Products: L&T manufactures, markets and provides service support for critical
construction and mining machinery such as surface miners, hydraulic excavators, aggregate crushers,
loader backhoes and vibratory compactors.

Achievements of L&T

 Built India's first indigenous hydrocracker reactor.

 Built the world's largest continuous catalyst regeneration reactor.
 Built the world's biggest fluid catalytic cracking regenerator.
 Built the world's longest product splitter.
 Built Asia's highest viaduct - Panvalnadi for the Konkan Railway.
 Built the world's longest LPG pipeline.
 Built the world's longest cross country conveyor.

Mahindra Group
Mahindra Group is one of the largest corporate groups of India. It is a US $4.5 billion conglomerate with
employee strength of over 40,000. The group has diverse business interests such as automotive, farm
equipments, infrastructure, information technology, hospitality, and financial services. Mahindra Group
has global presence and it is ranked
amongst Forbes Top 200 list of the World's Most Reputable Companies and in the Top 10 list of Most
Reputable Indian companies.
The origins of Mahindra Group can be traced back to October 2, 1945 when Mahindra brothers J.C.
Mahindra & K.C. Mahindra joined hands with Ghulam Mohammad, and Mahindra & Mohammad was set
up as a franchise for assembling jeeps from Willys, USA. After India's independence in 1947, Mahindra &
Mohammad changed its name to Mahindra & Mahindra. Ghulam Mohammad migrated to Pakistan
post-partition and became the first Finance Minister of Pakistan. Since then, Mahindra Group has gone
from strength to strength and today it has evolved into a giant group.

Business Interests of Mahindra Group

Automotive Sector: Mahindra Group is the market leader in utility vehicles in India since inception.
Mahindra also manufactures and markets utility vehicles and light commercial vehicles, including three-
wheelers. Some of the famous automobile brands of Mahindra are: Scorpio and Bolero. Recently,
Mahindra joined hands with French automobile major Renault to enter passenger car segment. It has
launched a car called Mahindra Renault Logan.

Farm Equipment Sector: Mahindra is the largest producer of tractors in India and is among the top five
tractor brands in the world. It has its own state-of-the-art plants in India, USA, China and Australia, and a
capacity to produce 1,50,000 tractors a year.

Trade & Financial Services: Mahindra Intertrade Limited and its subsidiaries have specialized domain
knowledge in imports and exports of commodities, domestic trading, marketing and distribution
services. Mahindra Finance is one of the largest Non Banking Finance Companies in India with an asset
base of about Rs. 5000 crores. Mahindra Insurance Brokers offer Life and Non-life Insurance plans to
retail and corporate customers. Mahindra Steel Service Centre is the first steel service centre in the
organised sector in India.

Infrastructure Development: Mahindra Group has interests in real estate, special economic zones,
hospitality industry, infrastructure development, project engineering consultancy and design. Mahindra
Holidays & Resorts is the leader in the lifetime holiday market in India. Mahindra Gesco is fastest
growing Construction Company in India. Mahindra World City is developing and promoting India's first
Integrated Business City. Mahindra Acres Consulting Engineers is a multidisciplinary engineering
consultancy organization.

Information Technology: Mahindra Group entered into IT sector in 1986 when it formed a joint venture
with British Telecommunications plc. The company was called Mahindra-British Telecom. The Company
has recently changed its name to Tech Mahindra. Tech Mahindra is a leading provider of
telecommunication solution and service industry world-wide. It is India's 8th largest software exporter.

Speciality Businesses: Mahindra Group companies such as Mahindra AshTech, Mahindra Defence,
Spares Business Unit and Mahindra Logistics are into Speciality Businesses. Mahindra AshTech
undertakes turnkey contract execution for Ash Slurry System and Travelling Water Screens. Mahindra
Defence Systems looks after the requirements of India's defence and security forces. Mahindra Logistics
provide complete logistics solutions to complex transportation needs of clients across the world.

Major Achievements of Mahindra Group

 Mahindra & Mahindra made the first indigenous Jeep in the country in 1949.
 Fourth largest tractor company in the world.
 Largest manufacturer of tractors in India.
 Largest manufacturer of MUVs, offering over 20 models

Nestle India
Nestle India is a subsidiary of Nestle S.A. of Switzerland. Nestle India manufactures a variety of food
products such as infant food, milk products, beverages, prepared dishes & cooking aids, and chocolates
& confectionary. Some of the famous brands of Nestle are NESCAFE, MAGGI, MILKYBAR, MILO, KIT KAT,
BAR-ONE, MILKMAID, NESTEA, NESTLE Milk, NESTLE SLIM Milk, NESTLE Fresh 'n' Natural Dahi and
NESTLE Jeera Raita.

Nestle was founded in 1867 in Geneva, Switzerland by Henri Nestle. Nestle's first product was "Farine
Lactee Nestle", an infant cereal. In 1905, Nestle acquired the Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company.
Nestle's relationship with India started 1912, when it began trading as The Nestle Anglo-Swiss
Condensed Milk Company (Export) Limited, importing and selling finished products in the Indian market.

After independence, in response to the then economic policies, which emphasized local production,
Nestle formed a company in India, namely Nestle India Ltd, and set up its first factory in 1961 at Moga,
Punjab, where the Government wanted
Nestle to develop the milk economy. In Moga, Nestle educated and advised farmers regarding basic
farming and animal husbandry practices such as increasing the milk yield of the cows through improved
dairy farming methods, irrigation, scientific crop management practices etc. Nestle set up milk collection
centres that ensured prompt collection and paid fair prices. Thus, Nestle transformed Moga into a
prosperous and vibrant milk district.

In 1967, Nestle set up its next factory at Choladi (Tamil Nadu) as a pilot plant to process the tea grown in
the area into soluble tea. Nestle opened its third factor in Nanjangud (Karnataka) in 1989. Thereafter,
Nestle India opened factories in Samalkha (Haryana), in 1993 and two in Goa at Ponda, and Bicholim in
1995 and 1997 respectively. Nestle India is now putting up the 7th factory at Pant Nagar in Uttarakhand.

Today, Nestle is the world's largest and most diversified food company. It has around 2,50,000
employees worldwide, operated 500 factories in approximately 100 countries and offers over 8,000
products to millions of consumers universally.
NIIT
NIIT Group is a leader in software and services sector. NIIT services enterprises and individuals in 42
countries with its wide ranging Learning Solutions. NIIT Group comprises two companies: NIIT
Technologies. & NIIT Limited. NIIT Technologies offers a vast portfolio of IT solutions to customers
spread across North America, Europe, Asia Pacific and Australia. NIIT Limited is a pioneer in the field of
IT education and training.

NIIT was set up in 1981 by young Indian entrepreneurs. NIIT has pioneered the concept of high quality IT
education in India and has trained one out of every three software professionals in the country. In 1982,
NIIT set up education centres in Mumbai, Delhi, and Madras and followed them up with one in
Bangalore in 1983. In the same year NIIT introduced Corporate training programs. In 1991, NIIT set up its
first overseas office in US. In the same year IBM awarded NIIT its first CBT assignment. By 2000, NIIT has
software operation in 18 countries. In 2001, NIIT was conferred Microsoft's 'Best Training Company
Award'. In 2002, NIIT acquired three companies in the US and launched NIIT SmartServe for Business
Process Management. In 2003, NIIT achieved CMMi Level 5 for software business. In 2004, NIIT's Global
Solutions Business was spun off into NIIT
Technologies Limited.

NIIT Technologies
NIIT Technologies focus areas include application development and management, enterprise solutions,
including managed services, and business process management. NIIT Technologies addresses the needs
of well-defined industry segments such as Banking and Financial Services, Insurance, Transportation,
Retail and Manufacturing. NIIT Technologies has alliances with global IT majors such as Computer
Associates, IBM, Informatica, Metalogic, Microsoft, NetIQ, Oracle, SAP and SEEC.

NIIT Limited
NIIT Limited's vast education network span over 30 countries in the Americas, Europe, Asia, Middle East,
Africa and Australia/Oceania. NIIT provides both classroom and on-line learning. It ranks among the Top
20 Global IT Training Companies.

Major Achievements of NIIT

 Adjudged Best Training Company by Users in Computer World opinion poll 2000.
 Adjudged the "Best Microsoft Win2K Training Partner" 2000.
 Conferred Microsoft's 'Best Training Company Award' 2001
 'Best Training Service Provider on .Net' award by Microsoft for its outstanding contribution.
 NIIT Technologies featured among the "Top 25 Great Places to Work" in the BusinessWorld
Survey-2003.
Nirma Ltd.
Nirma is one of the most recognizable Indian brands. Its story is a classic example of the success of
Indian entrepreneurship in the face of stiff competition. Nirma took on the might of giant multinationals
and wrote a new chapter in the Indian corporate history. Starting as a one-man operation in 1969,
today, Nirma has about 14, 000 employee-base and annual turnover of more than Rs. 25, 00 crores.

Founder of Nirma is Dr. Karsanbhai Patel, son of a small-time farmer and a qualified Science graduate. In
1969, the year he founded Nirma, Karsanbhai Patel was working as junior chemist in Government
laboratory. In the night Karsanbhai used to make detergent in the 100 Sq. Ft. back yard of his home,
using bare hands and bucket. In 1960s and 1970s, the domestic detergent market had only premium
segment, with very few players and was dominated by MNCs. After making the detergent Karsanbhai
used to pack it in polythene bag and sold it door-to-door. He priced the detergent at Rs. 3 per kg, when
the available cheapest brand in the market was Rs. 13 per kg. In a short span of time, with indigenous
process, packaging and low-profiled
marketing, Nirma created an entirely new market segment in domestic marketplace and quickly
emerged as dominant market player. Nirma rewrote the marking rules and its success story became one
of the widely discussed case studies in the B-schools across the world.

In the 1980s Nirma catapulted Surf, which was a well-established detergent product by Hindustan Lever,
and occupied the top slot in the detergent products segment-a slot it has made its own. In 1990, Nirma
entered the toilet soap market and today it is the second largest toilet soap brand in India. Today, Nirma
has one of the largest volume sales with a single brand name in the world.

Products of Nirma:

1. Consumer Products

 Soaps: Nirma Bath Soap, Nirma Beauty Soap, Nirma Lime Fresh Soap, Nima Rose, Nima Sandal
 Detergent: Nirma Washing Powder, Nirma Detergent Cake, Super Nirma Washing Powder,
Super Nirma Detergent Cake, Nirma Popular Detergent Powder, Nirma Popular Detergent Cake
 Salt: Nirma Shudh
 Scouring Products: Nirma Clean Dish Wash Bar, Nima Bartan Bar

2. Industrial Products:

 LAB (Linear Alkyl Benzene)

 AOS (Alfa Olefin Sulfonate)
 Sulfuric Acid
 Glycerin
 Soda Ash
 Pure salt
 Vacuum Evaporated Iodized Salt
 SSP ( Single Super Phosphate )
 Sodium Silicate