LITERATURE REVIEW

INTERNET ENTREPRENEURSHIP GOAL AMONGST ENGINEERING STUDENTS

INTRODUCTION

In researching and analyzing the internet entrepreneurship goals amongst engineering students, the
researcher is expected to present a conceptual, ideal and applicable result suiting the fact of
expected of in the research. The goals notable must be justified by stating the means and limitations
and also the essential of the goal as a goal. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2016.12.001)

Engineering is the creative application of science, mathematical methods, and empirical evidence to
the innovation, design, construction, operation, and maintenance of structures, machines, materials,
devices systems, processes, and organization for the benefit of humanity. In essence, engineering
has played a significant role in the existence of human beings from time immemorial, the roles that
engineering is playing in making life comfortable for all and sundry can never be underestimated.

Entrepreneurship is the method of designing, launching and running a new business. It is the
capacity and willingness to develop, organize, and manage a business venture along with the risks in
order to recognize the commercial potential of the invention and organize the capital, talent, and
other resources that will turn an invention into a commercially viable innovation. Entrepreneurship
cuts across every sector of human life including the field of engineering, engineering
entrepreneurship is the process of harnessing the business opportunities in engineering and turning
it into profitable commercially viable innovation.

There are numerous innovations and business ideas in engineering that can create wealth. An
engineering entrepreneur is required to have the capacity and willingness to harness, develop,
organize, and manage the business venture conceived with an engineering idea and manage the risk
involved painstakingly in order to make a profit. It is imperative for engineering.

Therefore, this literature review is arranged based on the objectives of the study highlighted below;

I. Describe the internet entrepreneur and entrepreneurship.

II. What is engineering and who is an engineer?

III. The importance of entrepreneurship in the engineering field

IV. The relationship between internet and entrepreneurship

V. The internet entrepreneurship goal amongst engineering students

VI. The role or impact of internet entrepreneurship on engineering students

VII. Summary of expected result

VIII. References
 1. Describe the internet entrepreneur and
entrepreneurship.
It is quite convincing to depict clearly the meaning of internet entrepreneur from web entrepreneur.

The internet entrepreneur is an owner, founder or manager of an internet based undertaking who
makes money through risk and or initiative. Were as the counterpart, web entrepreneur leverages
internet to generate income. (The internet leveraging the World Wide Web for monetary gain by
Wikipedia admin 2017).

In that light internet entrepreneurship is the ability to establish an internet base undertaking or
adventure or business with the aim of acquiring money through risk bearing and acceptance of all
outcome.

The influence of the industrial in human actives has given rise to better civilization and change in the
standard of living, especially nowadays that the opportunities accorded to early school leavers is an
uncivil like treated in most cases. And one of the most important chain breaker to lively hood and
exposure to unknown community is the INTERNET, The internet created the world connection
amongst different communities and brought them via links making the global community very
related to sharing and uploading updates from person to person through channels. It is the umbrella
market that accommodates all sectors of human actives and has immensely contributed to the
entrepreneurial activities and records the a major port of income as the wealthiest people are
directly internet base workers (e.g. The owner of Amazon, the owner of Facebook, the owner of
Microsoft and many other entrepreneurs.

2. Who is an engineer?
Engineers design, evaluate, develop, test, modify, install, inspect and maintain a wide variety of products
and systems. They also recommend and specify materials and processes, supervise manufacturing and
construction, conduct failure analysis, provide consulting services and teach engineering courses in colleges
and universities.

Engineering is the application of science and math to solve problems. Engineers figure out how things work
and find practical uses for scientific discoveries. Scientists and inventors often get the credit for innovations
that advance the human condition, but it is engineers who are instrumental in making those innovations
available to the world.

In his book, "Disturbing the Universe" (Sloan Foundation, 1981), physicist Freeman Dyson wrote, "A good
scientist is a person with original ideas. A good engineer is a person who makes a design that works with as
few original ideas as possible. There are no prima donnas in engineering."

The history of engineering is part and parcel of the history of human civilization. The Pyramids of Giza,
Stonehenge, the Parthenon and the Eiffel Tower stand today as monuments to our heritage of engineering.
Today's engineers not only build huge structures, such as the International Space Station, but they are also
building maps to the human genome and better, smaller computer chips .

3. The importance of entrepreneurship in the engineering field.

“Innovation is the specific instrument of entrepreneurship In the current age, technology has gone
from novelty to necessity. Regardless what the sector, there are technologies of every kind at work,
empowering speed and convenience in the workplace, and reducing the potential for human error.

In a global space where anything can be accessed at the simple click of a button, the graduate
market can become increasingly complex and confusing to navigate.

Engineers will always be needed to spread their expertise across STEM fields. In terms of the ropes
of business, engineers have the potential to be seen as far more valuable than their MBA graduate
counterparts, respected for their innovative and creative capabilities.

According to an article in Inc. magazine, a study that analysed the Facebook profiles of CEOs and
founders showed that, “three times as many had advanced degrees in engineering than had an
MBA”.

On top of this, when it came to company leaders with only undergraduate-level education, the
number with degrees in business or engineering was near enough evenly split.

These people are problem-solvers, harnessing their specialist expertise to come up with rapid,
sustainable corporate solutions.

Cybersecurity serves as a prime example of this. In the digital age, the protection of personal data
and the prevention of cyberattacks is a universal business priority. If the recent Cambridge Analytica
scandal is anything to go by, failure to safeguard the information of clients and consumers can
devastate corporate profits, with Facebook shares reportedly down 9.5 percent in the fallout of the
event.

According to Elsevier , 34 percent of data breaches occur within financial institutions; 11 percent
targeting retail companies; and 13 percent hitting government institutions. Who will develop and
refine solutions to fix these pressing contemporary issues? None other than our qualified, digitally-
connected engineers.

Entrepreneurship is inherently ingrained within the engineering trade. Many influential

companies have been founded by engineers , including Rolls-Royce, Dyson, Intel, Oracle and Yahoo!,
highlighting the power of the discipline when seamlessly employed alongside core business ideals
and principles.

If you’re looking to succeed as an engineer, you need a school that will nurture your technical skills
alongside your entrepreneurial flair.

PRATT SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING, DUKE UNIVERSITY – USA

Duke’s Pratt School of Engineering is a vibrant community set within a Top 10 US research
university . With a focus on developing students’ technical expertise, global perspectives and
entrepreneurial confidence, Duke Engineering is dedicated to training the next generation of leaders
to develop solutions to some of the world’s greatest challenges.
Entrepreneurship @ Duke Engineering is a special program designed to build engineering students’
entrepreneurial skills. Here, you will experience:

Expert advice and guidance

Academic opportunities, including high-impact seminars and workshops

Resources designed to empower company founders

Connections to the larger entrepreneurial community at Duke and in the nearby Research Triangle
Park, home to 250+ tech companies.

ASSOCIATION OF UNIVERSTY TECHNOLOGY MANAGERS

Innovation starts with an idea.

But for it to grow into something more, that idea needs a collaborative network of diverse peers,
experienced mentors and an environment that invests in, and nurtures, entrepreneurial thinking.

U of T Engineering fosters the perfect ecosystem to see your ideas come to life, whether you’re
thinking about new ways to approach research, start a business or create a student team.

Innovation and entrepreneurship extend beyond the borders of our campus. We take full advantage
of our prime location in the heart of Toronto, collaborating with our neighbours in the MaRS
Discovery District, world-class hospitals, firms in Canada’s financial district, and major multinational
organizations headquartered here.

U of T is the top school among North American universities in the number of new research-based
startups.

(*Source: Association of University Technology Managers)

Entrepreneurship Certificate & Engineering Business Minor

Entrepreneurship is an important part of being an engineer; many of our professors, researchers and
students have started their own companies as a result of an idea sparked by creative thinking. To
help you hone your abilities as an entrepreneur, you can pursue a

certificate in Entrepreneurship or a minor in Engineering Business. The courses you'll take as part of
either program will count toward your degree while helping you build important knowledge and
business acumen.

Fabrication Facilities

The Myhal Centre provides unparalleled access to prototyping equipment and collaborative design
spaces to facilitate moving your big ideas from concept to realization. These facilities include:

Light Fabrication Facility with 20 workbenches, a variety of hand tools and power tools

Rapid Prototyping Facility featuring digital fabrication equipment such as a 3D printers as well as
laser and water jet cutting tools
The Myhal Centre's unique design spaces and technology-enhanced learning environments foster
multidisciplinary collaboration between students, faculty, alumni mentors and industry partners,
while prototyping and light fabrication facilities accelerate student innovations from concept to
commercialization.

You can also take part in the Patent Series, an incubator program of workshops and seminars
(created by one of our students) that teaches you how to search the patent database, file a patent
and start a business.

The Entrepreneurship Hatchery

What does an AI-enabled e-sports coach have in common with a company working toward an in-
space telecommunications network of satellites? Sparrow and Kepler are both successful companies
started by students through The Entrepreneurship Hatchery, one of two startup incubators at U of T
Engineering and among several accelerators across U of T.

The Hatchery offers a comprehensive suite of programs and services:

Weekly Idea Markets, the Hatchery Speaker Series and the Hatchery Hackathon INSPIRE
entrepreneurial interest in students

The annual Accelerator Weekend helps students produce, refine and PITCH ideas for startups

Co-Founders Day pairs students with a compatible PARTNER

A rigorous summer program offers student teams’ access to prototyping funds, 3D printers, lab
space and the opportunity

to engage with an experienced MENTOR

Hatchery Demo Day is a competition that gives leading entrepreneurs a platform to

INVEST in top student startup ideas

Since its start in 2012, the Hatchery has facilitated the launches of nearly 100 student companies
supported by over $95M in cumulative seed funding. The Hatchery resides inside our newest
building, the Myhal Centre for Engineering Innovation & Entrepreneurship.

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4. The Relationship between Internet and Entrepreneurship

Internet entrepreneurship is interrelated in a distinct way. The internet creates a platform to
enhance the smooth and effective operations of the entrepreneur, by providing a new skill, business
tutorial and cancelling, new business opportunities and strategic plans in the running of an
Enterprise. On the other hand, entrepreneurship has created the rise in the up keep of the internet
by internet entrepreneurs.
This chain of interrelationship among the internet and entrepreneurship is inevitable as it continues
to play a pendulum relationship in terms of benefits.

With the advent of the" Internet+" Age, colleges and universities nationwide are faced with such a
question as transforming from the traditional mode of education to the new mode of education in
the" Internet+" Age, and therefore innovation and entrepreneurship education reform in universities
has become a research topic to be dealt with. Based on the" Internet+" College Students' Innovation
and Entrepreneurship Competition, this paper analyzes the impact of" Internet+" on innovation and
entrepreneurship education. As regards the characteristics and problems of the present mode of
education, some new methods for educational reform are put forward to help college students
establish the" Internet+" idea as well as a correct attitude towards innovation and entrepreneurship;
also, it is intended to stress the role of the innovation and entrepreneurship education in colleges in
enhancing the mobile Internet, cloud computing, big data, Internet of things and modern
manufacturing industries, and thereby to carry out the new strategic aims and ideas of" widespread
entrepreneurship and public innovation" with the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Competition as a
drive.

Although prior work has acknowledged that firm age impacts the adoption of ICTs (Dholakia &
Kshetri … metrics highlights that only 15% of marketers were able to quantify the impact of social …
Do you have higher speed Internet in your Incubator than you would have otherwise

5. INTERNET ENTREPRENEURSHIP GOAL AMONGST ENGINEERING STUDENTS

In undertaking an internet business as an entrepreneur being an engineering student, there are
targets needed to be set up and these targets are referred to as goals. The below are the necessary
goals needed to be aimed in carrying out an internet entrepreneurial business.

 Allow your business to evolve

Personal experience has shown that it is important to be flexible and allow your business model to
evolve with the ever-changing online environment. The use of internet to share your skills and
marketing products to the right place i.e. the internet community, is the principal goal aimed by
majority engineering students.

6. THE IMPACT OF INTERNET ENTREPRENEURSHIP TO ENGINEERING STUDENTS

 A wide range of internet-based business opportunities

The fact of the matter is that you can do anything online. You aren't limited to selling your second-
hand possessions online, nor do you have to be the next "Google" or "Facebook" owner. The reality
is that the income generation possibilities are endless. All you need to do is identify a niche, develop
a business plan and work hard at succeeding.

 Follow your dreams and passions

Because of the nature of doing business online, you can work with what you are passionate about.
When you are an employee, you are helping increase someone else's bottom line. When you are
self-employed or an entrepreneur, you are earning your income by doing something you love.

 Expand your earning potential

One of the disadvantages of being a salaried worker is that your income will always be capped. On
the other hand, if you are self-employed, you can earn as much (or as little) as you want to. It
effectively depends on your business model and how hard you work.

 Choose the hours you work

The Internet is open for business 24/7, 365 days per year. Therefore, in theory, you can choose your
working hours. However, it is important to note that in real terms your working hours will largely be
determined by your clients and the business you run.For example, if you live in the USA and run a
global digital media marketing company and you have customers in the Asia-Pacific region, you will
need to be online during your clients' working hours. This translates into being available when most
people are sleeping.

 Improved customer service

The online space allows you to provide an unparalleled service to your clients. Because you are
online, you have the flexibility to communicate with your customers via a variety of channels such as
social media, email, VOIP (Voice Over IP) calls, and chats, as well as messaging apps.

 Decreased cost of doing business

An online-driven business will save on the traditional costs of running a business. For example, you
do not have to drive anywhere to visit your clients. You do not need to print out paper invoices. And,
if your business model allows it, you do not even need to hire office space. All your employees can
work remotely.

7. Summary of expected result

 Base on the above review, it would be expected that;

 Most of the engineering students are influenced by the use of internet.

 All engineering students requires a platform to market skills developed

 The entrepreneurial goal amongst engineering students is to create a business center

inviting the global community via links and internet connection

 Also, the review expresses the independency involving internet entrepreneurship

  New business skills are got from the Internet enhancing the student to creatively compare
and contrast his business

 The review also shows that a lot of students using the Internet for entrepreneurship
purposes would benefit hugely by acquiring direct gain from their design and innovative
skills

8. REFRENCES
 Internationalization, innovation and entrepreneurship: business models for new technology-
based firms

 A Onetti, A Zucchella, MV Jones… - Journal of Management …, 2012

The impact of strategic outsourcing on the interaction market in entrepreneurship education

A Kurilova, E Lysenko, N Pronkin… - … of Entrepreneurship …, 2019 - search.proquest.com

Autio E, Keeley RH, Klofsten M, Parker GGC, Hay M (2001) Entrepreneurial intent among students in
Scandinavia and in the USA. Enterp Innov Manag Stud 2(2):145–160

Google Scholar

Dirk De Clercq, Dimo Dimov, Narongsak Tek Thongpapanl

Journal of business venturing 25 (1), 87-103, 2010 Zhang Cheng, Si Yujuan, Zhang Zhuo, Long Dong

Journal of Higher Education 2017 (18), 12, 2017

De Carolis DM, Litzky BE, Eddleston KA (2009) Why networks enhance the progress of new venture
creation: the influence of social capital and cognition. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice
33(2):527–545. The act that endows resources with a new capacity to create wealth.” – Peter
Drucker

Google Scholar

There are distinct advantages to running an Internet-based business. Pawel Reszka in her article
titled "7 Reasons Why You Should Start Your Own Internet Business" notes that "too many people
view Internet business through an extremely narrow lens...

Entrepreneurs' use of internet and social media applications

EA Mack, L Marie-Pierre, K Redican - Telecommunications Policy, 2017 – Elsevier

 SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICLTURAL ENGINEERING

PROGRAMME: BSc. AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

ASSIGNMENT ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP

COURSE CODE: EED 302

THIRD YEAR

NAME OF STUDENT: JOHN BOSCO KANNEH

I.D NUMBER: 32945

NAME OF LECTURER: DR. DUMBUYA