GEOMETRIC DESIGN OF HIGHWAYS SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS IN PDF SPIRAL CURVES EXAMPLE: The length of a spiral curve is 100-m with radius of 250 meters at the central curve. The tangents passing through T.S. and S.T. intersect each other at 60°. Determine the offset distance from the tangent on the first quarter point of the spiral Determine the spiral angle at third quarter point. Determine the deflection angle at 3° quarter point from the tangent to the spiral at TS. Determine the length of the short tangent of the spiral Determine the length of the long tangent of the spiral Determine the length of throw of the spiral curve. Determine the external distance of the spiral. What is the maximum velocity that a car could pass through the spiral easement curve? PNSEseENa SOLUTION: GIVER! Lg = 100m SPIRAL AHALE S.C Re=250m ‘eqahg eae ees were: L Ls 5078s eg-L 2) eer DarAHeE Pron We male TaNceny ok TE FIRST Ostet QUASTER Poin coment el +g Wels WE SPRL STORE VALUES % VALUES 2(28°) 3) DeRLECTON ANGLE Ay THIRD, GUNeceR pony FROM THE D, = 0.200 cach ry THE SPN CTS WHET wo WE SPIRE coment wig Nareee: oRRseT DisANCE =X =¥, uss 35m ex, uy Pg = ONC? GRels A Wtere: DeFvECTEH os) _ MELE © C= Oy G (258) (lor) X= 0,1042m Bs 2) SPIRAL MUGLE AT THIRD QUARTER fT. Cls= EOL (CES: Highway and Ralroad EngineeringGEOMETRIC DESIGN OF HIGHWAYS et) OFFSET OISTANCE® S.C. WweRe! Leis; @ xe _k DISTAHCE FROM TLS, 10 S.C. WONG TE SPIRAL —TANCENT WHERE L=Le 5 YFde 5 I dl HoRe* Ls yeits - ee a toRrLe Yes - bs Tore 3 ea eyiioe YS 0 = Te Gast Ye =94.6m 4) \EHGTH of “WE SHORT BNSEHT ST #35. 55%m TSTORE wees 5) egy oF THE Lone ANKENT @ LT Ye ~ Steas he LT= 99.6 - 3355 eee (140) LT= G6, (2m QLEHGTH OF tHeow @ pe hy p= 660 /y DO LEHOTH oF SPIRAL TANGENTS @& = 1+ (F4Re an ( %) Gee 4(f-er4220) Jon(22) Te 195-2998 7 8) errenuat. Distatce @ ese (PtP Duce (F)-ve Es= (1.666729) sec (2) -29 Es= 40.544 6 4) Masih vEtocry “wT A CAR cain Pace TROUa THE SPIRAL EAREMENT Curve @ b= C.c9¢h? P= 89.9549 bGEOMETRIC DESIGN OF HIGHWAYS: STOPPING SIGHT DISTANCE EXAMPLES: 1. Find the minimum sight distance to avoid a head-on collision of two cars approaching at 90kph and 60kph ‘on an inclined road. The first car is moving uphill while the second car is moving downhill. Given t=2.5sec, fave=0.70, G=+2%, and a brake efficiency of 50% in either vehicles. SOLUTION: e, ave: G=tl1% a 222% @ ssb= 6/410, ue = 0.70 coownhs) sD = 116-5953 + Ef: 50% \. SASCAY Soe eae A y: S60 = 239.165m, ss, = (2) (25) aes a (#)¢ d+ #1) (0.35 40.02) = SSD, = 198.5953 m for Cm B (4) co 3.6 S82 =(s)e9+ watigwony © t= 4 (0) 5 50= fa 1c) eal s2) we 55D,=54.5694m Fro35 2. Acar suddenly moving at 80kph on a level road suddenly sees an obstruction 76m ahead. If the perception reaction time is 0.5sec and the coefficient of friction between the tires and the pavement is 0.4. How far from the obstruction will it stop? SOLUTION: cxsruseren GIVEN! STORING ye bo AR won i py Jeet , Fim * 2 © ssp= 6, ve" Bltta) i sin = (80 2, (Bes + 20a.81\(04 $2) S8D = 74.035) m © ys d-ssp x= 7C- 74.035] x aac)GEOMETRIC DESIGN OF HIGHWAYS SIGHT DISTANCE FOR VERTICAL CURVES EXAMPLES: 1. Determine the minimum length of a crest vertical curve between a +0.5% grade and a -1.5% grade for a road with an 80kph design speed. The vertical curve must provide a stopping sight distance of 180m. to meet with the required appearance criteria. Round up to the next greatest 20-m interval. Assume eye-height of 1.07m and object height of 0.15m. SOuTON S Assumag S lads) LF 100.2964m ie oyens ~ “12048.5 G00) seed Assay cron G2= 40.5% oes 12043.5(200) Az [ards @ Ls as- BES = 2(00)- —S ites s/ —> Hegetive value. AzLs% L= -140.c007 LsAstngtin con't be used $=200m Hote! Since she result Is negative, any length of verdeal carve K> Moh will sotisty dhe sight ales stance erkenin 2 pore: Sece hOarp we: LH ARE uso) not given , we we 345 aS Sight Dsbance or L245. 44m —* Bend ner! Sag Caves Formila 20-1 inher L= 60m ot aoGEOMETRIC DESIGN OF HIGHWAYS: SIGHT DISTANCE FOR HORIZONTAL CURVES EXAMPLES: 1. The clearance to an obstruction is 9m and the desirable sight distance when rounding a horizontal curve is 180m. Determine the minimum radius of horizontal curve. SOLUTION: ASolve dor Radius (Minimum) Given: M= 4m * cleavance Re st 6 = 180m - sight distance om x0)® @ S%L but Lie not given Re tay ws Ascume SZ Rissee.n lycace 4 a 2. Ahighway curve has a radius of 80m and a length of 90m. If the required sight distance is 60m. a. How far off the center of the curve could you allow the bushes to grow? b. What is the minimum clearance at the center of the curve if the desirable sight distance when rounding the curve is 100? SOLUTION: Gwent! ase hoa 8 $ We. pe A M=)5.404n _ 0) br dence M doom the cove center do “he. gent where Juher =e allawed to gov. 2 R=s0= 2 am M=5.G2Sin_ ZGEOMETRIC DESIGN OF HIGHWAYS ROAD BANKING EXAMPLE: 1. Ahighway curve has a superelevation of 7 degrees. Find the radius of the curve so that there will be no lateral pressure between the tires and the roadway at a speed of mph, (40 mph) SOLUTION: convert mph > m/sec ven: @= 7° Ld 2 > me yo mi, [1b TY 1.607344 ba] [080 m Nee ete " the elk Ta Th 40 mph = |9.881G mee = V Rese 45m, ‘RACTIVE CAPACITY EXAMPLE: 1. An old Mitsubishi Pajero having a weight of 10800Ib is driven on a level ground paved surface. It is known that at max speed, 50hp is expended to overcome rolling resistance. If the coefficient of roling resistance is 0.019, determine the maximum speed of the car in mph. SOLUTION: = yR ssoP eee Cal a> Ne eee = {0800 |b, Ps ve 99050) Sol 205.2 r= 0.014 V = 184.0156 H/sec Leconvert to bh CR sw Bre & Y= B4.018G # suena) Py = 0.014 (legoo) we mR Rr2205.2 |b. V= 41.3943 ph, Gr-er a R= 864 ped ee + po R=R So ‘CERI: Highway and Ralroad Engineering @ %.GEOMETRIC DESIGN OF HIGHWAYS. 2. Determine the horsepower produced by a passenger car traveling at a speed of 65 mi/h on a straight road of 5% grade with a smooth pavement. Assume the weight of the car is 4000Ibs. and the cross- sectional area of the car is 40 ft SOLUTION: comyor + tmph -» beh, Giver: veos 2 [eres 5 V= 104.6046 tph CB mi oa store vale G=5% Convert os 7 ky We Ho00 Ils e s N= 1000 tha [ 24535424 wise A= ios? the (eo sesttle ] = 1A 300 by Hore: comport al values do Pattee Mobic System beanse 2 all resistance tonmula Aa y0dd? | 2308 im 5, AE 3F/ G12 wm cre in malric. TH Shere Valve © pz vk Soe for she diHerort resirtenee 746 © tar on (20rHe CoA ) R- 2p a R= RatRet Re tpe Rar os (2 1-27) COM) (3 1 aig) (104.6036 ) R= Rate, tRe aa Ro = 5151S by ere @ Rr = (cre $ 0.07FCryuE)W ‘ 2 = (B) (rn) Rr = (0.012 to.073 (3 x16") (Io 0736) ) (114.3690) Py = 90.435 Ree 32493F by R= kote te, © payR we (Wis ns R= BIL SEF +90 7186432493 AG R= 204. F104 by. P= jot. oFai(200 8212) Ly shonld be in Hes Lisicigiy anes oe ead Re 2471041 (281) R=2008. 2142 P= 7.2224 hp