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Assab 88-150216 PDF
Assab 88-150216 PDF
Assab 88-150216 PDF
ASSAB 88 SLEIPNER
ASSAB 88
REFERENCE STANDARD
Edition 150216
2
ASSAB 88
ASSAB 88
THE CHANGING TOOLING ENVIRONMENT
The tooling environment is changing to suit the changing market environment.
Lead times are one aspect of this change and they are getting shorter and
shorter. This ultimately means that there is more emphasis regarding on
time delivery to manufacture the tooling, and tool reliability in service.
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ASSAB 88
General Properties
ASSAB 88 is a chromium-molybdenum-vanadium alloyed PHYSICAL DATA
tool steel which is characterised by: Hardened and tempered to 62 HRC.
C Si Mn Cr Mo V Specific heat
Typical analysis % 460 - -
0.9 0.9 0.5 7.8 2.5 0.5 J/kg °C
50 1 700
55 2 050
60 2 350
62 2 500
64 2 650
ASSAB 88 is a general purpose steel for cold work Relative chipping resistance for XW-42, ASSAB 88 and
nce
tooling. It has a mixed-abrasive wear profile and a good XW-10 at the same hardness level.
resistance to chipping. Furthermore, a high hardness Relative chipping resistance
(>60 HRC) can be obtained after high temperature 1.50
tempering. This means that surface treatments such 1.25
as nitriding or PVD can be made on a high strength 1.00
substrate. It also means that big blocks and complicated
0.75
shapes with >60 HRC hardness can be wire EDM’d with
a much reduced risk of cracking. 0.50
0.25
ASSAB 88 is recommended for medium run tooling
SLEIPNER applications, where a resistance to mixed or abrasive
RIGOR XW-42 ASSAB 88 XW-10
wear and a good resistance to chipping are required.
ABRASIVE WEAR RESISTANCE
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS Relative abrasive wear resistance for XW-42, ASSAB 88
Blanking and fine blanking and XW-10 at the same hardness level (low value means
brasive wear rate
better wear resistance).
Shearing
Relative abrasive wear rate
Forming
1.0
Coining
0.8
Cold forging
Cold extrusion 0.6
4
0.6
0.4
0.2
ASSAB 88
RIGOR SLEIPNER SVERKER 21 XW-42 ASSAB 88 XW-10
Heat treatment
SOFT ANNEALING Hardness, retained austenite and grain size as
HARDNESS,
function ofRETAINED AUSTENITE
austenising AND GRAIN SIZE AS
temperature
Protect the steel and heat through to 850°C. Then cool FUNCTION OF AUSTENITIZING TEMPERATURE
in the furnace at 10°C per hour to 650°C, then freely in air. Grain Hardness, HRC Retained austenite, %
size
67 35
ASTM Grain size
STRESS RELIEVING 30
10 66
After rough machining, the tool should be heated
65 Hardness 25
through to 650°C and held for 2 hours. Cool slowly to 8
500°C, then freely in air. 64 20
6
63 15
HARDENING
4 10
62
Preheating temperature: 650–750°C. Retained austenite
2 61 5
Austenitising temperature: 950–1080°C, but usually
1030–1050°C. 60
Holding time: 30 minutes 975 1000 1025 1050 1075 1100°C
Protect the part against decarburisation and oxidation during Austenitising temperature (30 minutes)
hardening.
QUENCHING MEDIA
Forced gas/circulating atmosphere
Vacuum (high speed gas with sufficient overpressure)
Martempering bath or fluidised bed at 500–550°C
Martempering bath or fluidised bed at approx.
200–350°C
Warm oil, approx. 80°C (only very simple geometries)
Note: Temper the tool as soon as its temperature
reaches 50–70°C.
CCT graph
CCT-GRAPH
Austenitising
Austenitising temperature
temperature 1030°C.
1030°C. HoldingHolding
time 30 time
min. 30 minutes.
°C
1100
Austenitising temperature 1030°C
Holding time 30 minutes
1000
900 AC = 880ºC
1f
AC = 830ºC
800 1S
Carbides
Pearlite
700
Cooling
T
600 Curve Hardness 800-500
No. HV 10 (sec.)
500 1 824 2
2 824 11
400
3 813 140
Bainite 4 813 280
300
5 813 630
200 M s 6 813 1241
Martensite 7 724 2482
100 8 649 5215
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 9 572 8360
1 10 100 Hours
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ASSAB 88
TEMPERING
Choose the tempering temperature according to the hardness required by reference to the tempering graph.
Temper at least twice with intermediate cooling to room temperature. The lowest tempering temperature which should be
used is 180°C. The minimum holding time at temperature is 2 hours.
65 60
Hardness
60 50
55 40
1050°C/30 min.
1030°C/30 min.
50 30
45 Retained austenite 20
DIMENSIONAL CHANGES
AS FUNCTION OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE
40 1075°C/30 min. 10
Dimensional changes, %
+0.15
35 0
150 200 250 300 350 400 +0.10
450 500 550 600 650 700°C
Tempering temperature (2 x 2h)
+0.05 Width
Length
0
DIMENSIONAL CHANGES SUB-ZERO TREATMENT
- 0.05
The dimensional changes have been measured after Pieces requiring maximum dimensional stability in
Thickness
service should be sub-zero treated.
austenitising and tempering. - 0.10
Austenitising: 1030°C/30 min, cooling in vacuum furnace 200 300 400 500 600°C
Sub-zero treatment reduces the amount of retained
at 0.75°C/s between 800°C and 500°C Tempering temperature (2 x 2h)
austenite and changes the hardness as shown in the
Tempering: 2 x 2 h at various temperatures diagram below.
Specimen size: 100 x 100 x 100 mm Austenitising: 1030°C /30 min
Tempering: 2 x 2 h at various temperatures
6
HARDNESS AND RETAINED AUSTENITE AS
ASSAB 88
Machining recommendations
The cutting data below are to be considered as guiding MILLING
values and as starting points for developing your own
best practice. Face and square shoulder milling
†
High speed steel
Type of milling
Cutting data
parameters Carbide
Solid High speed
indexable
carbide steel
insert
DRILLING
Cutting speed
High speed steel twist drill
(vc) 80 - 120 100 - 140 13 - 181
m/min
Drill diameter Cutting speed (vc) Feed (f)
mm m/min mm/r Feed (f)
0.03 - 0.202 0.08 - 0.202 0.05 - 0.352
mm/tooth
≤5 13 - 18 *
0.05 - 0.10
15 - 20 13 - 18 * 0.25 - 0.30 1 For coated HSS end mill, vc~ 30–35 m/min
2 Depending on radial depth of cut and cutter diameter
* For coated HSS drill, vc~ 25–35 m/min
GRINDING
Wheel recommendation
Carbide drill
Feed (f)
0.05 - 0.152 0.10 - 0.252 0.15 - 0.252 Internal grinding A 46 JV A 60 JV
mm/r
1 Drill with replacable or brazed carbide tip Profile grinding A 100 KV A 120 JV
2 Depending on drill diameter
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ASSAB 88
For optimal performance, the EDM’d surface should then The joints should be prepared properly.
be ground/polished and the tool retempered at approx. Repair welds should be made at elevated
25°C lower than the original tempering temperature. temperature. Make the two first layers with the
same electrode diameter and/or current.
When EDM’ing larger sizes or complicated shapes,
Always keep the arc length as short as possible. The
ASSAB 88 should be tempered at high temperatures,
electrode should be angled at 90° to the joint sides to
above 500°C.
minimise undercut. In addition, the electrode should
be held at an angle of 75–80° to the direction of
forward travel.
For large repairs, weld the initial layers with a soft
filler material (buffering layer).
Surface treatment
Welding
Some cold work tool steels are given a surface treatment TIG MMA
method
in order to reduce friction and increase wear resistance.
The most commonly used treatments are nitriding and
Preheating
surface coating with wear-resistant layers produced via temp.1
250ºC 250ºC
PVD or CVD.
Type AWS ER 312 Type AWS E 312
The high hardness and good resistance to chipping (buffering layers) (buffering layers)
together with a good dimensional stability make ASSAB 88 Filler UTP A696 UTP 69
suitable as a substrate steel for various surface coatings. material
CastoTIG 53 Castolin 6
CALDIE TIG-WELD CALDIE WELD
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ASSAB 88
Further information
For further information, i.e., steel selection, heat
treatment, application and availability, please contact our
ASSAB office nearest to you.
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ASSAB 88
Case study
MICROCHIPPING AND WEAR RESISTANCE
No. of Parts Produced 100 000 - 200 000 > 786 941
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ASSAB 88
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Choosing the right steel is of vital importance. ASSAB engineers
and metallurgists are always ready to assist you in your choice of
the optimum steel grade and the best treatment for each application.
ASSAB not only supplies steel products with superior quality, we offer
state-of-the-art machining, heat treatment and surface treatment
services to enhance steel properties to meet your requirement in the
shortest lead time. Using a holistic approach as a one-stop solution
provider, we are more than just another tool steel supplier.