Submitted By: Arienne Mae Ferenal Quiz

BSN 3B
1.) Why do Spaniards call the local people Indios and who were the original Flipinos according to the early
Filipino reformists? (Jaena, Del Pilar and Rizal)
a. Indigenous Filipino people were termed “indios”, it is the same word the Spaniards used when they
reached Central America, Mexico, and south America. It is also the same term they used to call the natives
there. It is synonymous to “indian”, it is one of the racist terms that were used to inferior people to their kind.
b. The Indios of the Philippines
2.) What level of resistance sis the Filipinos wage during the colonial period before the 1896 revolution?

a. In the late 18th century, Criollo (or Insulares, "islanders," as they were locally called) writers began
spreading the ideals of the French Revolution in the Philippines. At the same time, a royal decree ordered the
secularization of Philippine churches and many parishes were turned over to Philippine-born priests. Halfway
in the process, it was aborted with the return of theJesuits to the Philippines and the religious orders retaking
Philippine parishes. One instance that enraged the Insulares was the Franciscan take over of the richest parish
in the islands which had been under the Philippine-born priests, that of Antipolo. In the early 19th century,
Fathers Pedro Peláez and Mariano Gómez began organizing activities that demanded the return of control of
Philippine parishes to Filipino seculars. Father Peláez, who was Archbishop of the Manila Cathedral, died in an
earthquake while Father Gómez retired to private life. The next generation of Insular activists included
Father José Burgos who organized the student rallies in the University of Santo Tomas. In the political front,
activists like Joaquín Pardo de Tavera and Jacobo Zobel. The unrest escalated into a large insurgency when
Novales declared the independence of the Philippines from Spain and crowned himself Emperor of the
Philippines. In 1872, the conflict of Insular uprisings came when soldiers and workers of the Cavite Arsenal of
Fort San Felipe mutinied. They were led by Sergeant La Madrid, a Spanishmestizo. The soldiers mistook the
fireworks of Quiapo as the signal for a national uprising which had long been planned. The colonial
government used the incident to spread a reign of terror and liquidate subversive political and church figures.
Among them were Priest Mariano Gómez, José Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora who were executed through
the garrote. They are remembered in Philippine history as Gomburza. (it was of both levels, some parts had
people using force and some people used influence)
3.) Discuss the goals/ objectives of La Filipina and the Katipunan
a. How are they similar?
i. Both are groups of people who are full blooded Filipinos. Both groups also are willing to
sacrifice their lives for the better of the Filipino people.
b. In what ways are they different?
i. They are very different in their ways of attacking; one is a peaceful manner one is in a
aggressive manner. They also have different causes, one wants overthrow Spanish rule
completely and one wants to be part of Spain in means of adopting Philippines as a
province and they would want to have the same right as Spaniards have, hence, no
discriminations.
c. According to our discussion and some readings, which among these two organizations have shown a
genuine Filipino Aspiration? Why?
i. I believe that the reformists have shown genuine Filipino aspiration, because even within
the revolutionary people, they had discrepancies, because within themselves they are
not one. It seemed like power over their own kind was their objective. They didn’t think
of the benefits the Filipino could’ve gotten, all they thought about was power among
themselves. It was unplanned and irrational. Unlike the reformists, they had concrete
goals and they knew what they wanted. The reformists thought of what could better the
country not for themselves.
Submitted By: Arienne Mae Ferenal Quiz
BSN 3B
4.) What impact did Rizal’s retraction in a revolution against the Spaniards to the desire of Filipinos during
the Spanish Colonization for freedom? Give at least 3 and elaborate.
a. I believe that Rizal’s retraction could’ve cause more aggression to the Filipino revolutionists,
loyalty would make them believe that Spanish friars are trying to manipulate the minds of the
Filipino people again.
b. The retraction could’ve also cause the revolution to become more persistent of having a bloody
war, because they could’ve thought that rizal was not man enough to join the revolution.
c. The retraction could’ve made the revolution even stronger in terms of population, it could’ve
aggravated them that the Spanish friars made rizal write it.
5.) How did the following aspects in Andres Bonifacio’s life influence him as a revolutionary leader in terms of
his:
a. His father was a teniente mayor (municipal official) of Tondo.
b. Despite not finishing formal education, Bonifacio was self-educated. He read books about
the French Revolution, biographies of the Presidents of the United States, the colonial penal and
civil codes, and novels such as José Rizal's Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo.
6.) Differentiate Jaena from Del Pilar’s style of writings in attacking the abuses of the Spanish Colonial
Government. Which among the two was more effective in awakening Filipino’s nationalism.
a. Del Pilar & Jaena
i. desired to show that the Filipino was playing the active part in making his own history
b. Jaena
i. “whatever progress Filipinas had attained was due to the Filipinos themselves, and to
foreigners and in spite of the monks. Finally, for Rizal, Filipinas in fact experienced decline
under Spanish rule. For all, the second period of Philippine history was thus intolerable
and, because it was a product of tyranny, would have to be superseded by a third one of
freedom and creative endeavor.”
ii. Ambivalent view. One moment, Filipinas thought to be in "primitive state." Then as
having "a civilization, a degree of enlightenment."
iii. Filipino capacity for progress impeded by "monastic supremacy." Progress due to
Filipinos alone and external forces.
iv. Elimination of friar rule. At first assimilationist, Jaena later favored Revolution, freedom
won "with the bloodof Filipinas."
v.
c. Del Pilar
i. “the Filipinos were actually being hampered from progressing by the monastic orders,
although it had indeed become the duty of the Spanish motherland to lead daughter
Filipinas on the road to enlightenment”
ii. Filipinas had inferior civilization. Blood compact made in order for "mother" Spain to
civilize and christianize "daughter" Filipinas.
iii. Encomenderos first charged with civilizing mission. Then friars, who establish frailo-cracia
and hamper progress, which is inevitable (Suez Canal).
iv. Friars must go. Revolution has advantage of being surgical. But liberal reform better.
Integration of autonomous Filipinas with Spain.