Bony Budiman

FILMING CORROSION INHIBITOR

FOR OIL AND GAS FIELD

BONY BUDIMAN
OCTOBER 2020
Bony Budiman

OBJECTIVE, SCOPE AND DISCLAIMER

• The objective is to share the use of some chemicals in inhibit corrosion rate in the oil
and gas field
• Corrosion in this topic limited to internal corrosion in carbon steel (CS) caused by
chemical corrosion agents such as CO2, H2S, O2, and bacteria. I exclude corrosion caused
by environmental (external corrosion).
• The corrosion inhibitor will be focused to the filming corrosion inhibitor
• The methodology of slide arrangement is by literature study.
 Bony Budiman

CORROSION : DEFINITION

• In a very simple words, corrosion is a

degradation of material (mostly refer to
carbon steel)
• Corrosion product known as rust
• Corrosion causes CS to lose its main
function
• Corrosion is natural process, cannot be
stopped but can be inhibited.

Picture courtesy : https://www.pipingengineer.org/pipeline-internal-corrosion-protection-and-monitoring/

 Bony Budiman

CORROSION IN OIL AND GAS FIELD

• Internal corrosion occurred in any location of

carbon steel as long as water and corrosive
agent exist.
• Corrosion in oil and gas field may start at
production tubing then continue at wellhead,
flowline, topside facilities, discharge pipe and gas-
crude oil export pipeline.

Picture courtesy : https://www.materialsperformance.com/articles/chemical-treatment/2019/04/preventing-internal-corrosion-in-oil-and-gas-field-pipelines

 Bony Budiman

GENERAL MECHANISM

• In carbon steel, corrosion occur when the iron in the

steel pulled out from solid form as Fe(s) to be ionic iron,
Fe2+(aq)
• Chemically, corrosion is a reduction-oxidation reaction.
Iron oxidized because loss electrons
• Corrosion will start when there are 4 elements
• Anode
• Cathode
• Electrolyte
• Metallic path that allows electron flow

Picture courtesy : https://chem.libretexts.org/20%3A_Electrochemistry/20.8%3A_CorrosionBookshelves/General_Chemistry/Map%3A_Chemistry_-_The_Central_Science_(Brown_et_al.)/

 Bony Budiman

INTERNAL CORROSION

• In the oil and gas field, corrosion may be caused

by some ions and compounds such as CO2, H2S,
O2 and chloride.
• High pressure and temperature will accelerated
the corrosion rate
• CO2 exist in most field. H2S may exist as bacteria
activity. Oxygen not expect exist from downhole
but may ingress at topside facilities leaking.

Courtesy picture : https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Comparison-of-corrosion-rates-of-steel-in-the-presence-of-H-2-S-CO-2-and-O-2-adapted_fig4_328198474

Bony Budiman

INTERNAL CORROSION
MITIGATION

Mechanical Chemical

Material Regular
Selection Cleaning
 Bony Budiman

CHEMICAL TREATMENT STRATEGY

• There are two effective strategy in chemical

treatment to inhibit corrosion rate : “Kill the
Enemy” and or “Build a Fortress”
• Kill the enemy means remove the corrosive
agents such us dissolved oxygen, CO2, H2S and
bacteria
• Build a shield means create a defense
environment such as form a film layer or
increase the pH

Courtesy Picture :https://www.economist.com/special-report/2018/01/25/the-future-of-war and https://greatb2bmarketing.com/competitor/competitive-fortress-for-your-b2b-company/

 Bony Budiman

CHEMICAL TREATMENT STRATEGY

KILL THE ENEMY BUILD A SHIELD

O2 H2S H2O CO2

Scavenger Scavenger Biocide Dehydration Absorber

Passivating pH Adjuster Filming

Cathodic (FFCI)
(anodic)
 Bony Budiman

FILM-FORMING CORROSION INHIBITORS (FFCI)

• FFCI is particularly useful for the

prevention of chloride, CO2, and H2S
corrosion
FFCI • They can be deployed in continuous
injection or batch treatment either
downhole or at the wellhead
• Typical dosages of active FFCI
components are often in the range 10–
100 ppm

and Courtesy Picture : https://www.oxiteno.us/how-inhibit-corrosion-in-oil-gas-industry-equipment/

 MECHANISM OF FILMING CI*
Bony Budiman

Simple Mechanism of Filming CI :

1) CI adsorbs parallel or tilted onto the steel surface
2) The hydrophobic tail groups begin to protrude into the
aqueous phase
3) A film coverage is achieved and the tail groups are parallel
to each other and perpendicular to the metal surface
4) The film layer will reduce corrosion rate the inner steel
metal caused by corrosion agent (CO2, O2 and H2S)

* and Courtesy Picture : http://blog.daum.net/ourhistory2000/17358929

Bony Budiman

TYPES OF FFCIs

The most common categories of surfactant FFCIs are

• Phospate ester
• Sulphur compound
• Various nitrogenous compounds
• Amidoamines and imidazolines
• Amine salts of (poly)carboxylic acids
• Quaternary ammonium salts and betaines (zwitterionics)
• Polyhydroxy and ethoxylated amines/amidoamines
• Amides
• Other heterocyclics
 Bony Budiman

IMIDAZOLINE

• Imidazoline is the most popular FFCI

• Certain imidazoline-based FFCIs appear to
perform well even in high-pressure, high-
temperature (HPHT) conditions
• Traditional imidazoline-based CIs generally
show high acute toxicity.
• Imidazoline has specific strong smell, high pH,
and not has good solubility in water.

Courtesy Picture : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-Imidazoline

 Bony Budiman

FFCIs FORMULATION

• Formulating an effective corrosion inhibitor is

a complex task. Laboratory and field testing
are often required for development of a
corrosion inhibitor.
• Some formula for some composition will be
share as generic guideline
• Gas with Water
• Gas, Oil and Water
• Oil with Water
• Water

Courtesy Picture : https://www.ohio.edu/engineering/corrosion/facilities-instruments/facilities/glass-cell

Bony Budiman

FFCIs FORMULATION

• Formula will depend on fluid composition that will be treated, field condition (temperature
and pressure), injection facilities and price as well
• Common composition :
• Active content such as imidazoline and or quaternary amine
• Surfactant to increase absorption performance
• pH adjuster such as glacial acetic acid (GAA) and dimer trimer acid (DTA) to increase its
effectiveness
• Mutual solvent to increase solubility in water such as isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and butyl cellosolve
(EGMBE)
• Solvent : commonly water as the cheapest solvent, to increase stability at high temperature
condition, formulator may add glycol.
Bony Budiman

FORMULA FOR GAS WITH WATER

• For these pipelines with water, a volatile amine should be mixed with a water dispersible
film forming amine
• An example of formulation :
• Imidazoline : 15 – 25 %
• GAA : 7.5 – 12.5 %
• Methoxypropyl amine : 14 – 18 %
• Solvent (include mutual solvent) : Rest
Bony Budiman

FORMULA FOR GAS, OIL AND WATER

• Inhibition of these 3 phase systems is perhaps most challenging.

• An example formulation would be as follows:
• Imidazoline :12 – 18 %
• DTA : 5 – 10 %
• GAA :4 – 8 %
• Methoxypropylamine : 12 - 18%
• Solvent : Rest
Bony Budiman

FORMULA FOR OIL AND WATER

• For these systems the two phase inhibitor as shown below is the obvious choice.
• Formula may be as below :
• Imidazoline : 15%
• DTA : 7.5%
• GAA : 6.0%
• Solvent : 71.5%
Bony Budiman

FORMULA FOR WATER ONLY

• It looks simple since just need to ensure the FFCI soluble in water but it may tricky in
the effectiveness since the presence of hydrocarbon will reduce the corrosion rate.
Hydrocarbon will thicken the film protection.
• The formulation may be as follow :
• Imidazoline : 15 – 25 %
• Surfactant NP-100 : 2 - 5%
• IPA or EGMBE : 15 – 25 %
• GAA : 12 - 14%
• Water : Rest
Bony Budiman

REFERENCES

• Production Chemicals for the Oil and Gas Industry, Malcolm A.Kelland, CRC Press, page
195-217
• Product Bulletin of Akzo Nobel Surfactants, Corrosion Inhibitors for Oilfield Production