Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Hemant's Ansys Tutorial Iit
Hemant's Ansys Tutorial Iit
Hemant's Ansys Tutorial Iit
CHAPTER - 1
This tutorial was completed using ANSYS 7.0 The purpose of the
tutorial is to show the required steps to account for the weight of an
object in ANSYS.
Loads will not be applied to the beam shown below in order to observe
the deflection caused by the weight of the beam itself. The beam is to
be made of steel with a modulus of elasticity of 200 GPa.
3. Define Keypoints
Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Keypoints > In Active CS...
K,#,x,y,z
4. Create Lines
Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Lines > Lines > In Active Coord
L,1,2
Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models > Structural > Linear >
Elastic > Isotropic
Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models > Structural > Linear >
Density
In the window that appears, enter the following density for
steel:
Preprocessor > Meshing > Size Cntrls > ManualSize > Lines > All Lines...
Preprocessor > Meshing > Mesh > Lines > click 'Pick All'
2. Apply Constraints
Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On
Keypoints
3. Define Gravity
General Postproc > Plot Results > Deformed Shape ... > Def + undef edge
PLDISP,2
As observed in the upper left hand corner, the maximum
displacement was found to be 5.777mm. This is in agreement
with the theortical value
CHAPTER – II
UDL
This tutorial was completed using ANSYS 7.0. The purpose of this
tutorial is to explain how to apply distributed loads and use element
tables to extract data. Please note that this material was also covered
in the 'Bicycle Space Frame' tutorial under 'Basic Tutorials'.
A distributed load of 1000 N/m (1 N/mm) will be applied to a solid steel
beam with a rectangular cross section as shown in the figure below.
The cross-section of the beam is 10mm x 10mm while the modulus of
elasticity of the steel is 200GPa.
/PREP7
4. Define Lines
Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Lines > Lines > Straight Line
L,K#,K#
Preprocessor > Meshing > Size Cntrls > ManualSize > Lines > All Lines...
Preprocessor > Meshing > Mesh > Lines > click 'Pick All'
You may also wish to turn on element numbering and turn off
keypoint numbering
2. Apply Constraints
Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On
Keypoints
3. Apply Loads
o Select Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Pressure > On
Beams
o Click 'Pick All' in the 'Apply F/M' window.
o As shown in the following figure, enter a value of 1 in the field 'VALI
Pressure value at node I' then click 'OK'.
The applied loads and constraints should now appear as shown in
the figure below.
Note:
To have the constraints and loads appear each time you select 'Replot' you
must change some settings. Select Utility Menu > PlotCtrls > Symbols....
In the window that appears, select 'Pressures' in the pull down menu of the
'Surface Load Symbols' section.
Note:
CHAPTER – III
NONLINEAR ANALYSIS
This tutorial was created using ANSYS 7.0 The purpose of this tutorial is
to outline the steps required to do a simple nonlinear analysis of the
beam shown below.
2. Create Keypoints
3. Define Lines
Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Lines > Lines > Straight Line
Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models > Structural > Linear >
Elastic > Isotropic
Preprocessor > Meshing > Size Cntrls > ManualSize > Lines > All Lines...
Preprocessor > Meshing > Mesh > Lines > click 'Pick All'
LMESH,ALL
NOTE
There are several options which have not been changed
from their default values. For more information about these
commands, type help followed by the command into the
command line.
Function Command Comments
Load Step KBC Loads are either linearly interpolated
(ramped) from the one substep to
another (ie - the load will increase
from 10 lbs to 20 lbs in a linear
fashion) or they are step functions (ie.
the load steps directly from 10 lbs to
20 lbs). By default, the load is ramped.
You may wish to use the stepped
loading for rate-dependent behaviour
or transient load steps.
Output OUTRES This command controls the solution
data written to the database. By
default, all of the solution items are
written at the end of each load step.
You may select only a specific iten (ie
Nodal DOF solution) to decrease
processing time.
Stress Stiffness SSTIF This command activates stress
stiffness effects in nonlinear analyses.
When large static deformations are
permitted (as they are in this case),
stress stiffening is automatically
included. For some special nonlinear
cases, this can cause divergence
because some elements do not provide
a complete consistent tangent.
Newton Raphson NROPT By default, the program will
automatically choose the Newton-
Raphson options. Options include the
full Newton-Raphson, the modified
Newton-Raphson, the previously
computed matrix, and the full Newton-
Raphson with unsymmetric matrices
of elements.
Convergence Values CNVTOL By default, the program checks the
out-of-balance load for any active
DOF.
3. Apply Constraints
Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On
Keypoints
4. Apply Loads
Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Force/Moment > On
Keypoints
General Postproc > Plot Results > Contour Plot > Nodal Solu... > DOF
solution, UY
PLNSOL,U,Y,0,1
1. Eigenvalue
2. Nonlinear
/PREP7
3. Define Keypoints
Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Keypoints > In Active CS ...
K,#,X,Y
4. Create Lines
Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Lines > Lines > In Active Coord
L,1,2
Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models > Structural > Linear >
Elastic > Isotropic
Preprocessor > Meshing > Mesh > Lines > click 'Pick All'
LMESH,ALL
Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On
Keypoints
4. Apply Loads
Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Force/Moment > On
Keypoints
Close the solution menu and click FINISH at the bottom of the Main
Menu.
FINISH
Solution > Analysis Type > New Analysis > Eigen Buckling
ANTYPE,1
Close the solution menu and click FINISH at the bottom of the Main
Menu.
FINISH
To display the minimum load required to buckle the beam select General
Postproc > List Results > Detailed Summary. The value listed under
'TIME/FREQ' is the load (41,123), which is in Newtons for this example.
If more than one mode was selected in the steps above, the corresponding
loads would be listed here as well.
/POST1
SET,LIST
/PREP7
3. Create Keypoints
4. Define Lines
Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Lines > Lines > Straight Line
Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models > Structural > Linear >
Elastic > Isotropic
Preprocessor > Meshing > Size Cntrls > Lines > All Lines...
Preprocessor > Meshing > Mesh > Lines > click 'Pick All'
LMESH,ALL
NOTE
There are several options which have not been changed
from their default values. For more information about these
commands, type help followed by the command into the
command line.
3. Apply Constraints
Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On
Keypoints
4. Apply Loads
Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Force/Moment > On
Keypoints
The model should now look like the window shown below.
General Postproc > Plot Results > Contour Plot > Nodal Solu... >
DOF solution, UY
PLNSOL,U,Y,0,1
Other results can be obtained as shown in previous linear static
analyses
CHAPTER – V
3. Define Lines
Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Lines > Lines > Straight Line
For this problem we will use the LINK1 (2D spar) element.
This element has 2 degrees of freedom (translation along
the X and Y axis's) and can only be used in 2D analysis.
Preprocessor > Meshing > Manual Size > Size Cntrls > Lines > All
Lines...
Preprocessor > Meshing > Mesh > Lines > click 'Pick All'
LMESH,ALL
NOTE
There are several options which have not been changed
from their default values. For more information about these
commands, type help followed by the command into the
command line.
3. Apply Constraints
Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On
Keypoints
4. Apply Loads
Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Force/Moment > On
Keypoints
General Postproc > Plot Results > Contour Plot > Nodal Solu... > DOF
solution, UY
PLNSOL,U,Y,0,1
Other results can be obtained as shown in previous linear static
analyses.
CHAPTER – VI
(THIS IS EXERCISE-3 OF BOOK)
This tutorial was created using ANSYS 7.0 The purpose of this tutorial is
to outline the steps required to do a simple modal analysis of the
cantilever beam shown below.
o For this problem, we will use the default options so click on OK.
3. Apply Constraints
Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On
Keypoints
o Select General Postproc > Plot Results > Deformed shape . Select 'Def
+ undef edge'
The first mode shape will now appear in the graphics
window.
o To view the next mode shape, select General Postproc > Read Results >
Next Set . As above choose General Postproc > Plot Results >
Deformed shape . Select 'Def + undef edge'.
o The first four mode shapes should look like the following:
Mode 2
Mode 3
Mode 4
Using the Reduced Method for Modal
Analysis
This method employs the use of Master Degrees of Freedom. These are
degrees of freedom that govern the dynamic characteristics of a
structure. For example, the Master Degrees of Freedom for the
bending modes of cantilever beam are
• Select Solution > Master DOF > User Selected > Define
• When prompted, select all nodes except the left most node (fixed).
Introduction
This tutorial was created using ANSYS 7.0 The purpose of this tutorial is
to explain the steps required to perform Harmonic analysis the
cantilever beam shown below.
We will now conduct a harmonic forced response test by applying a
cyclic load (harmonic) at the end of the beam. The frequency of the
load will be varied from 1 - 100 Hz. The figure below depicts the beam
with the application of the load.
o As shown, select the Full Solution method, the Real + imaginary DOF
printout format and do not use lumped mass approx.
o Click 'OK'
The following window will appear once you select the node
at x=0 (Note small changes in the window compared to the
static examples):
2. Define Variables
o Select Utility Menu > PlotCtrls > Style > Graphs > Modify Axis
o For ANSYS version lower than 7.0, the 'Variable Viewer' window is not
available. Use the 'Define Variables' and 'Store Data' functions under
TimeHist Postpro. See the help file for instructions
Introduction
This tutorial was created using ANSYS 7.0 The purpose of this tutorial is
to show the steps involved to perform a simple transient analysis.
After the application of the load, we track the response of the beam at
discrete time points for as long as we like (depending on what it is that
we are looking for in the response).
The size of the time step is governed by the maximum mode frequency
of the structure we wish to capture. The smaller the time step, the
higher the mode frequency we will capture. The rule of thumb in
ANSYS is
time_step = 1 / 20f
where f is the highestmode frequency we wish to capture. In other
words, we must resolve our step size such that we will have 20
discrete points per period of the highest mode frequency.
It should be noted that a transient analysis is more involved
than a static or harmonic analysis. It requires a good
understanding of the dynamic behavior of a structure.
Therefore, a modal analysis of the structure should be initially
performed to provide information about the structure's
dynamic behavior.
In ANSYS, transient dynamic analysis can be carried out using 3
methods.
• The Full Method: This is the easiest method to use. All types of
non-linearities are allowed. It is however very CPU intensive to go
this route as full system matrices are used.
• The Reduced Method: This method reduces the system matrices to only consider
the Master Degrees of Freedom (MDOFs). Because of the reduced size of the
matrices, the calculations are much quicker. However, this method handles only
linear problems (such as our cantilever case).
• The Mode Superposition Method: This method requires a preliminary modal
analysis, as factored mode shapes are summed to calculate the structure's
response. It is the quickest of the three methods, but it requires a good deal of
understanding of the problem at hand.
We will use the Reduced Method for conducting our transient
analysis. Usually one need not go further than Reviewing the Reduced
Results. However, if stresses and forces are of interest than, we would
have to Expand the Reduced Solution.
Solution Menu > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On
nodes
4. Apply Loads
We will define our impulse load using Load Steps. The following
time history curve shows our load steps and time steps. Note
that for the reduced method, a constant time step is required
throughout the time range.
We can define each load step (load and time at the end of load
segment) and save them in a file for future solution purposes.
This is highly recommended especially when we have many load
steps and we wish to re-run our solution.
We can also solve for each load step after we define it. We will
go ahead and save each load step in a file for later use, at the
same time solve for each load step after we are done defining it.
Enter LSNUM = 2
c. Load Step 3
i. Define Load Step
Select Solution > Define Loads > Delete >
Structural > Force/Moment > On Nodes
and delete the load at x=1.
ii. Specify Time and Time Step Options
Select Solution > Load Step Opts >
Time/Frequenc > Time - Time Step .. and
set a time of 1 for the end of the load step
iii. Write Load Step File
Enter LSNUM = 3
1. Define Variables
For most problems, one need not go further than Reviewing the
Reduced Results as the response of the structure is of utmost
interest in transient dynamic analysis.
However, if stresses and forces are of interest, we would have to
expand the reduced solution.
Let's say we are interested in the beam's behaviour at peak
responses. We should then expand a few or all solutions around
one peak (or dip). We will expand 10 solutions within the range
of 0.08 and 0.11 seconds.
THERMAL ANALYSIS
(EXERCISE-4 OF BOOK)
This tutorial was created using ANSYS 7.0 to solve a simple conduction problem.
The Simple Conduction Example is constrained as shown in the
following figure. Thermal conductivity (k) of the material is 10 W/m*C
and the block is assumed to be infinitely long.
3. Create geometry
Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Areas > Rectangle > By 2 Corners >
X=0, Y=0, Width=1, Height=1
BLC4,0,0,1,1
4. Define the Type of Element
Preprocessor > Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete... > click 'Add' > Select
Thermal Mass Solid, Quad 4Node 55
ET,1,PLANE55
Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models > Thermal >
Conductivity > Isotropic > KXX = 10 (Thermal conductivity)
MP,KXX,1,10
6. Mesh Size
Preprocessor > Meshing > Size Cntrls > ManualSize > Areas > All Areas
> 0.05
AESIZE,ALL,0.05
7. Mesh
Preprocessor > Meshing > Mesh > Areas > Free > Pick All
AMESH,ALL
2. Apply Constraints
Plot Temperature
General Postproc > Plot Results > Contour Plot > Nodal Solu ... > DOF
solution, Temperature TEMP
CHAPTER – VIII
THERMAL TYPE II
This tutorial was created using ANSYS 7.0 to solve simple thermal examples. Analysis
of a simple conduction as well a mixed conduction/convection/insulation problem will be
demonstrated.
The Mixed Convection/Conduction/Insulated Boundary Conditions
Example is constrained as shown in the following figure (Note that the
section is assumed to be infinitely long):
Preprocessing: Defining the Problem
1. Give example a Title
2. Open preprocessor menu
3. Create geometry
Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Areas > Rectangle > By 2 Corners >
X=0, Y=0, Width=1, Height=1
BLC4,0,0,1,1
Preprocessor > Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete... > click 'Add' > Select
Thermal Mass Solid, Quad 4Node 55
ET,1,PLANE55
6. Mesh Size
Preprocessor > Meshing > Size Cntrls > ManualSize > Areas > All Areas
> 0.05
AESIZE,ALL,0.05
7. Mesh
Preprocessor > Meshing > Mesh > Areas > Free > Pick All
AMESH,ALL
Plot Temperature
General Postproc > Plot Results > Contour Plot > Nodal Solu ... > DOF
solution, Temperature TEMP
CHAPTER –IX
THERMAL ANSYS TYPE III
This tutorial was created using ANSYS 7.0 to solve a simple transient conduction
problem. Special thanks to Jesse Arnold for the analytical solution shown at the end of
the tutorial.
The example is constrained as shown in the following figure. Thermal
conductivity (k) of the material is 5 W/m*K and the block is assumed to
be infinitely long. Also, the density of the material is 920 kg/m^3 and
the specific heat capacity (c) is 2.040 kJ/kg*K.
It is beneficial if the Thermal-Conduction tutorial is completed first to
compare with this solution.
3. Create geometry
Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Areas > Rectangle > By 2 Corners
X=0, Y=0, Width=1, Height=1
BLC4,0,0,1,1
Preprocessor > Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete... > click 'Add' > Select
Thermal Mass Solid, Quad 4Node 55
ET,1,PLANE55
Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models > Thermal >
Conductivity > Isotropic > KXX = 5 (Thermal conductivity)
MP,KXX,1,10
Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models > Thermal > Specific
Heat > C = 2.04
MP,C,1,2.04
Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models > Thermal > Density >
DENS = 920
MP,DENS,1,920
6. Mesh Size
Preprocessor > Meshing > Size Cntrls > ManualSize > Areas > All Areas
> 0.05
AESIZE,ALL,0.05
7. Mesh
Preprocessor > Meshing > Mesh > Areas > Free > Pick All
AMESH,ALL
The window shown below will pop up. We will use the
defaults, so click OK.
2. Set Solution Controls
3. Apply Constraints
Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Initial Condit'n > Define > Pick All
Plot Temperature
General Postproc > Plot Results > Contour Plot > Nodal Solu ... > DOF
solution, Temperature TEMP
Animate Results Over Time
Analytical Solution
ANSYS Generated Solution
o Click the add button in the upper left corner of the window to add a
variable.
o Select Nodal Solution > DOF Solution > Temperature (as shown
below) and click OK. Pick the center node on the mesh, node 261, and
click OK in the 'Node for Data' window.
o The Time History Variables window should now look like this:
2. Graph Results over Time
o Ensure TEMP_2 in the Time History Variables window is
highlighted.
o Click the graphing button in the Time History Variables window.
o The labels on the plot are not updated by ANSYS, so you must change
them manually. Select Utility Menu > Plot Ctrls > Style > Graphs >
Modify Axes and re-label the X and Y-axis appropriately.
Note how this plot does not exactly match the plot shown
above. This is because the solution has not completely
converged. To cause the solution to converge, one of two
things can be done: decrease the mesh size or increase the
number of substeps used in the transient analysis. From
experience, reducing the mesh size will do little in this
case, as the mesh is adequate to capture the response.
Instead, increasing the number of substeps from say 20 to
300, will cause the solution to converge. This will greatly
increase the computational time required though, which is
why only 20 substeps are used in this tutorial. Twenty
substeps gives an adequate and quick approximation of
the solution.
CHAPTER – X
PRACTICE SUM
This tutorial was created using ANSYS 7.0 The purpose of this tutorial is
to outline the steps required to view cross sectional results
(Deformation, Stress, etc.) of the following example.
3. Create Block
Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Volumes > Block > By 2 Corners &
Z
BLC4,0,0,Width,Height,Length
Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models > Structural > Linear >
Elastic > Isotropic
Preprocessor > Meshing > Size Cntrls > ManualSize > Global > Size
esize,20
Preprocessor > Meshing > Mesh > Volumes > Free > click 'Pick All'
vmesh,all
2. Apply Constraints
Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On Areas
3. Apply Loads
Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Force/Moment > On
Keypoints
Apply a load of 2500N downward on the back right hand keypoint
(Keypoint #7).
1. Deflection
Before we begin selecting cross sections, let's view deflection of
the entire model.
This can be repeated for any slice, however, note that the
command lines required to do the same are as follows:
Also note that to realign the working plane with the active
coordinate system, simply use: WPCSYS,-1,0
2. Equivalent Stress
3. Animation