CONCEPTS OF POLICE SERVICE

1. OLD CONCEPT

- police service gives the impression of being merely a

suppressive machinery

- this philosophy advocates that the measurement of

police competence is the increasing number of arrests,

throwing offenders in detention facilities rather than

trying to prevent them from committing crimes

2. MODERN CONCEPT

- regards police as the first line of defense of the

criminal justice system, an organ of crime prevention

- police efficiency is measured by the decreasing number

of crimes

- broadens police activities to cater to social services

and has for its mission the welfare of the individual

as well as that of the community in general.

EARLY POLICING SYSTEM

1. KIN POLICING

- the family of the offended individual was expected to

assume responsibility for justice

- the family of the victim was allowed to exact

vengeance

2. EGYPT

- ancient rulers had elite unit to protect them

- created the MEDJAYS, a form of police force whose

duties include guarding of the tombs and apprehending

thieves

- introduced the use of dogs as guards and protectors.

3. ROME
- created the first organized police force called

VIGILES OF ROME, or VIGILES URBANI (watchmen of the

city), which had the primary task of firefighting and

policing

- the Vigiles acted as night watch, apprehendinng

thieves, keeping an eye out for burglars and hunting

down runaway slaves, and were on occasion used to

maintain order in the streets

- the Vigiles dealt primarily with petty crimes and

looked for disturbances of the peace while they

patrolled the streets

- created a special unit called PRAETORIAN GUARDS, a

special force of guards used by Roman Emperors as the

Emperors' personal guards

- as personal guards of the Emperor, their primary duty

was to protect the Emperor from assassination and

other forms of attack against the Emperor.

4. ENGLAND

a) FRANKPLEDGE SYSTEM/MUTUAL PLEDGE SYSTEM

- required all males aged 12 and above to join a group

of nine to form a TYTHING

- members of the tything are called a TYTHINGMEN

- a CONSTABLE served as a leader of ten tythings

- the primary task of the things was to protect their