EXPERIMENT NO: - 5

NAME: - MANJUNATH .P MADAVALLI

PRN NO: - 2019BTEEL00062

CLASS: - S.Y. B.TECH ELECTRICAL

COURSE: - ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT AND

MEASUREMENT LAB

COURSE CODE: - 5EL252

DATE OF LAB: - 14/10/2020

DATE OF SUBMISSION: - 21/10/2020

Aim:- To determine Norton’s equivalent.
Apparatus:- D.C. power supply, Bread-Board, Resistors, Multimeter, wires.
Theory:- Norton’s Theorem states that a linear two-terminal circuit can be replaced by an equivalent
circuit consisting of a current source IN in parallel with a resistor RN, where IN is the short-circuit current
through the terminals and RN is the input or equivalent resistance at the terminals when the independent
sources are turned off.
Circuit Diagram for hardware:-

Figure 1
Procedure for hardware: -
1) Connect circuit as per figure 1 on the Bread Board.
2) Measure VAB=VTH across the terminals AB using Multimeter
3) Open the voltage source and measure RN=RAB using Multimeter.
4) Obtain Isc=IN=VTH/RN.
4) Verify the results using hand calculation.

Figure2
Procedure for simulation :-
1) Implement the circuit of figure 2 in PScpice.
2) At terminal a-b connect a voltage source with zero volts and label it as V1.
3) Under Analysis/Set up select D.C. sweep.
4) In D.C. sweep dialog box select linear for the Sweep Type and voltage source for the
Sweep Var Type.
5) Enter V1 under the Name box, zero as the start value , one as End value and 0.1 as
Increment. After simulation trace I(V1:-).
6) Measure IN(zero intercept) and RN from graph of PSpice.
7) Verify the results using hand calculation. Hand calculations.
Observation:
Table 1 for hardware circuit Table2 for simulation
Experimental results Calculated results PSpice results Calculated results
IN(Amp) IN(Amp) IN(Amp) IN(Amp)
1.148×10^(-3) 1.1576×10^(-3) 3.333 3.333
RN(ohms) RN(ohms) RN(ohms) RN(ohms)
8.68 Kohm 8.678 Kohm 6 6

Results: Attach the results of PSpice simulation circuit with graph.

Also draw the Norton’s equivalent circuit for hardware and simulated circuit.

Conclusion: - Norton’s Theorem verified using Hardware and Simulation.