Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Mari Belajar Fənetɪks PDF
Mari Belajar Fənetɪks PDF
Mari Belajar Fənetɪks PDF
VOWELS
• SHORT VOWELS
• LONG VOWELS
• DIPHTHONGS
• TRIPHTHONGS
CONSONANTS
• PLOSIVE CONSONANTS
• FRICATIVE CONSONANTS
• AFFRICATE CONSONANTS
• NASAL CONSONANTS
• LIQUID & RHOTIC CONSONANTS
• GLIDE CONSONANTS
SHORT VOWELS
I æ
ʊ ʌ
e ɒ
ə
/I/
“i”
Some common words with this sound: Dalam Bahasa Melayu, simbol ini dalam
bunyi “i” kita. Contoh:
❖ With “i”: finish, visit, benefit
❖ With “e”: become, demand Simpan / Delima / Kini
❖ With “y”: happy, physics
❖ With “ing”: speaking, eating Versi di mana “i” tu panjang sikit adalah
❖ With “a”: spinach
simbol /i:/.
❖ With “age”: average, package
❖ With “ia”: carriage, marriage
❖ With “ui”: circuit, biscuit
❖ With “u”: minute, lettuce
This symbol is NOW YOU DO IT
➢ A short vowel List a few other English words with the /I/
symbol here:
/ʊ/
“u”
Some common words with this sound: Dalam Bahasa Melayu, simbol ini dalam
bunyi “u” kita. Contoh:
❖ The “oo”: stood / book
❖ The “o”: woman / wolf Buku / Sulu / Buntu
❖ The “ou”: could / would
❖ The “u”: put / sugar Versi di mana “u” tu panjang sikit adalah
simbol /u:/.
➢ A short vowel List a few other English words with the /ʊ/
symbol here:
/e/
“e”
Some common words with this sound: Dalam Bahasa Melayu, simbol ini dalam
bunyi “e” kita. Contoh:
❖ With “e”: bell, correct, desk
❖ With “ea”: ahead, death, instead Pendek / Enak / Pen
❖ With “a”: ate, many, any
➢ A short vowel List a few other English words with the /e/
symbol here:
/ə/
“e”
Some common words with this sound: Dalam Bahasa Melayu, simbol ini dalam
❖ With “a”: about, baloon, familiar bunyi “e” kita. Contoh:
❖ With “o”: domestic, occur, gorilla
❖ With “u”: support, supply, suggest Emak / Teman / Penat
❖ With “ai”: certainly
❖ With “e”: agency, camera, enemy
Versi di mana “e” tu panjang sikit adalah
❖ With “i”: family, policy, pupil
❖ With “ie”: efficiency
simbol /ɜ:/.
❖ With “io”: national, traditional
❖ With “y”: analysis, martyr
❖ With “ou”: colour, famous
❖ apple, add, thank, travel, black, cat, Dalam Bahasa Melayu, simbol ini dalam
tax, value bunyi “e” tapi mulut buka luas lagi.
➢ A short vowel List a few other English words with the /æ/
symbol here:
/ʌ/
“a”
Some common words with this sound: Dalam Bahasa Melayu, simbol ini dalam
bunyi “a” kita:
❖ With “u”: but, fun, up
❖ With “o”: come, mother, money Apa, Mana, Kenapa
❖ With “ou”: double, touch
❖ With “a”: was, what Versi di mana “a” tu panjang sikit adalah
❖ With “oe”: does simbol /ɑː/.
❖ With “oo”: blood, flood
❖ With “ough”: tough, rough
➢ A short vowel List a few other English words with the /ʌ/
symbol here:
/ɒ/
“o”
Some common words with this sound: Dalam Bahasa Melayu, simbol ini dalam
bunyi “o” kita. Contoh:
❖ With “o”: box, clot, model
❖ With “a”: want, restaurant Songkok / Bola / Sorak
➢ A short vowel List a few other English words with the /ɒ/
symbol here:
LONG VOWELS
i: ɔː
u: ɑː
ɜː
/iː/
“ii”
Some common words with this sound: Dalam Bahasa Melayu, simbol ini dalam
bunyi “i” kita tapi dia panjang sikit. Bukan
❖ The “e”: even / evil “i” tapi “ii”.
❖ Final “e”: she / me
❖ With “ea”: beach / leaf Versi bunyi ini tapi dibunyikan pendek
❖ With “ee”: between / keep adalah simbol /I/.
❖ With “ei”: deceive / receipt
❖ With “ie”: belief / chief
❖ With “I”: machine / police
❖ With “oe”: amoeba / foetus
This symbol is NOW YOU DO IT
➢ A long vowel List a few other English words with the /i:/
symbol here:
/uː/
“uu”
Some common words with this sound: Dalam Bahasa Melayu, simbol ini dalam
bunyi “i” kita tapi dia panjang sikit. Bukan
❖ With “ew”: blew, drew “u” tapi “uu”.
❖ With “o”: tomb, two
❖ With “oo”: boot, soon Versi bunyi ini tapi dibunyikan pendek
❖ With “ou”: soup, you adalah simbol /ʊ/
❖ With “u”: June, rule
❖ With “ue”: blue, true
❖ With “ui”: fruit, bruise
➢ A long vowel List a few other English words with the /u:/
symbol here:
/ɜː/
“ee”
Some common words with this sound: Dalam Bahasa Melayu, simbol ini dalam
bunyi “i” kita tapi dia panjang sikit. Bukan
❖ With “er”: certain, term “e” tapi “ee”. Bunyi “e” seperti dalam
❖ With “ear”: early, search emak
❖ With “ur”: burn, urban
❖ With “ir”: bird, third Versi bunyi ini tapi dibunyikan pendek
❖ With “or”: word, worst adalah simbol /ə/.
➢ A long vowel List a few other English words with the /ɜː/
symbol here:
/ɔː/
“oo”
Some common words with this sound: Dalam Bahasa Melayu, simbol ini dalam
bunyi “i” kita tapi dia panjang sikit. Bukan
❖ With “oa”: abroad, broad “o” tapi “oo”.
❖ With “ough”: ought, thought
❖ With “a”: water Versi bunyi ini tapi dibunyikan pendek
❖ With “al”: talk, almost adalah simbol /ɒ/.
❖ With “all”: call, ball
❖ With “aw”: dawn, law
❖ With “au”: author, taught
➢ A long vowel List a few other English words with the /ɔː/
symbol here:
/ɑː/
“aa”
Some common words with this sound: Dalam Bahasa Melayu, simbol ini dalam
bunyi “i” kita tapi dia panjang sikit. Bukan
❖ With “a”: father “a” tapi “aa”.
❖ With “ar”: far, garden, star, start
❖ Others: heart Versi bunyi ini tapi dibunyikan pendek
adalah simbol /ʌ/.
➢ A long vowel List a few other English words with the /ɑː/
symbol here:
DIPHTHONGS
eɪ ʊə
aɪ ɪə
ɔɪ aʊ
eə əʊ
/eɪ/
“ei”
❖ With “a” – age, blame Dalam Bahasa Melayu, simbol ini adalah
❖ With “ai” – aid, brain bunyi “e” (enak) bertemu dengan “i”
❖ With “ay” – always, way (ikan).
❖ With “ei” – eight, neighbour
❖ With “ey” – grey, obey
❖ With “ea” – break, great
❖ Others – ballet, café
Some common words with this sound: Dalam Bahasa Melayu, simbol ini dalam
bunyi “ai” kita. Contoh:
❖ “ie” – die, tie
❖ “i” – bind, wild Pandai / Pantai / Damai
❖ “ig” – sign
❖ “igh” – bright, thigh
❖ “y” – by, why
❖ Others – buy, eye
Some common words with this sound: Dalam Bahasa Melayu, simbol ini dalam
bunyi “oi” kita. Contoh:
❖ “oi” – appoint, voice
❖ “oy” – boy, joy Woi / Hoi / Boroi
Some common words with this sound: Dalam Bahasa Melayu, simbol ini dalam
bunyi “au” kita. Contoh:
❖ The “ou”: about / loud
Bau / Tau / Engkau
❖ The “ow”: bow / owl
❖ “are” – aware, scare, stare Dalam Bahasa Melayu, simbol ini dalam
❖ “air” – air, pair, millionaire bunyi “e (enak)” bertemu dengan “e
❖ “ear” – bear, wear, tear (enam) kita.
❖ “ar” – area, parenr, rarely
❖ “air” – dairy, hairy
❖ “aer” – aerobics, aeroplane
❖ Others – there, prayer, where
❖ “o” – alone, bone, code, home, vote Dalam Bahasa Melayu, simbol ini dalam
❖ “ol” – control, gold bunyi “e (enam)” bertemu dengan “u
❖ “oa” – boat, goat (untuk)”.
❖ “oe” – goes, heroes
❖ “ow” – arrow, low
❖ “ou” – although, shoulder
aʊə ɔɪə
aɪə əʊə
eɪə
/aʊə/
“aue”
Some common words with this sound: Sebutan triphthong seperti macam
diphthong tapi ia adalah gabungan tiga
❖ Hour sebutan vowel.
❖ Flour
❖ Tower Bagi triphthong ini, bunyi adalah
gabungan di antara a (anak) u (unta) e
(emak)
➢ A long vowel List a few other English words with the /aɪə/
symbol here:
/eɪə/
“eie”
❖ Employer
❖ Destroyer Bagi triphthong ini, bunyi adalah
gabungan di antara o (orang) i (ini) e
(emak)
p d
b k
t g
/p/
“p”
Some common words with this sound: Dalam Bahasa Melayu, simbol ini dalam
bunyi “p” kita. Contoh:
❖ “p” in the beginning: put / part
❖ “p” in the middle: opinion / report
❖ “p” in the final: hope / type Pulang / Sepi / Sentap
➢ A plosive consonant List a few other English words with the /p/
➢ Voiceless symbol here:
➢ A bilabial
/b/
“b”
Some common words with this sound: Dalam Bahasa Melayu, simbol ini dalam
bunyi “b” kita. Contoh:
❖ “b” in the beginning – body, book
❖ “b” in the middle – remember, public
❖ “b” in the end – job, club Bas / Tiba / Kitab
➢ A plosive consonant List a few other English words with the /b/
➢ Voiced symbol here:
➢ A bilabial
/t/
“t”
Some common words with this sound: Dalam Bahasa Melayu, simbol ini dalam
bunyi “t” kita. Contoh:
❖ “t” in the beginning: take, type
❖ “t” in the middle: city, little Tapi / Bata / Ikat
❖ “t” in the final: but, what
➢ A plosive consonant List a few other English words with the /t/
➢ Voiceless symbol here:
➢ An alveolar
/d/
“d”
Some common words with this sound: Dalam Bahasa Melayu, simbol ini dalam
bunyi “d” kita. Contoh:
❖ “d” in the beginning: day / duck
❖ “d” in the middle: body / model Dan / Padat / Dendam
❖ “d” in the final: bed / good
➢ A plosive consonant List a few other English words with the /d/
➢ Voiced symbol here:
➢ An alveolar
/k/
“k”
Some common words with this sound: Dalam Bahasa Melayu, simbol ini dalam
bunyi “k” kita. Contoh:
❖ “c” – call / cross
❖ “cc” – account / occur Kitab / Peka / Balak
❖ “k” – take / keep
❖ “ck” – attack / ticket
❖ “ch” – archive / chaos
❖ “q” – quick / queen
❖ “cq” – acquantance / acquire
➢ A plosive consonant List a few other English words with the /k/
➢ Voiceless symbol here:
➢ A velar
/g/
“g”
Some common words with this sound: Dalam Bahasa Melayu, simbol ini dalam
bunyi “g” kita. Contoh:
❖ “g” in the beginning: give / guess
❖ “g” in the middle: again / begin Gambar / Tiga / Beg
❖ “g” in the final: big / tug
❖ With “x”: auxiliary / exam
➢ A plosive consonant List a few other English words with the /g/
➢ Voiced symbol here:
➢ A velar
FRICATIVE CONSONANTS
f z
v ʃ
θ ʒ
ð h
s
/f/
“f”
Some common words with this sound: Dalam Bahasa Melayu, simbol ini dalam
bunyi “f” kita. Contoh:
❖ “f” in the beginning: face / from
❖ “f” in the middle: therefore / after Faham / Feri / Filem
❖ “f” in the final: life / knife
❖ With “gh” – cough / laugh
❖ With “ph” – physics / telephone
➢ A fricative consonant List a few other English words with the /f/
➢ Voiceless symbol here:
➢ A labiodental
/v/
“v”
Some common words with this sound: Dalam Bahasa Melayu, simbol ini dalam
bunyi “v” kita. Contoh:
❖ “v” in the beginning: value / victim
❖ “v” in the middle: cover / level Van / Video / Televisyen
❖ “v” in the final: wave / archive
➢ A fricative consonant List a few other English words with the /v/
➢ Voiced symbol here:
➢ A labiodental
/θ/
“th”
Some common words with this sound: Bunyi ini biasanya terdapat dalam
perkataan yang dieja dengan “th”. Tapi,
❖ “th” in the beginning: theatre / thin anda perlu ingat yang bunyi /θ/ berbeza
❖ “th” in the middle: nothing / method dengan bunyi /ð/
❖ “th” in the final: both / teeth
Cuba rujuk kepada video saya di YouTube
MBf Part 5.
➢ A fricative consonant List a few other English words with the /θ/
➢ Voiceless symbol here:
➢ A dental
/ð/
“th”
Some common words with this sound: Bunyi ini biasanya terdapat dalam
perkataan yang dieja dengan “th”. Tapi,
❖ “th” in the beginning: the / then anda perlu ingat yang bunyi /ð/ berbeza
❖ “th” in the middle: father / other dengan bunyi /θ/
❖ “th” in the final: breathe / smooth
Cuba rujuk kepada video saya di YouTube
MBf Part 5.
➢ A stop consonant List a few other English words with the /ð/
➢ Voiced symbol here:
➢ A dental
/s/
“s”
Some common words with this sound: Dalam Bahasa Melayu, simbol ini dalam
bunyi “s” kita. Contoh:
❖ With “s” – sense / basis
❖ With “c” – celebrate / decent Sentap / Pasang / Putus
❖ With “ss” – class / kiss
❖ With “x” – box / sex
➢ A fricative consonant List a few other English words with the /s/
➢ Voiceless symbol here:
➢ An alveolar
/z/
“z”
Some common words with this sound: Dalam Bahasa Melayu, simbol ini dalam
bunyi “z” kita. Contoh:
❖ With “z” – zap / zone / gaze
❖ With “s” – always / because / wise Zoo / Zakat / Zebra
❖ With “ss” – dessert / dissolve
❖ With “x” – examine, exist
❖ With “se” – Analyse / Visualise
Note: For AmE, the “se” is usually replaced
with “ze” in spelling
➢ A fricative consonant List a few other English words with the /z/
➢ Voiced symbol here:
➢ An alveolar
/ʃ/
“sh”
Some common words with this sound: Dalam Bahasa Melayu, simbol ini dalam
bunyi “sh” kita. Contoh:
❖ With “sh” – crash / shock
❖ With “ss” – depression / mission Syampu / Syaitan / Ashikin
❖ With “ti” – action / patient
❖ With “ci” – musician / racial
❖ With “ce” – ocean
❖ With “s” – sugar
❖ With “x” – anxious
❖ With “ch” - machine
This symbol is NOW YOU DO IT
➢ A fricative consonant List a few other English words with the /ʃ/
➢ Voiceless symbol here:
➢ A post-alveolar
/ʒ/
“zh”
➢ A fricative consonant List a few other English words with the /ʒ/
➢ Voiced symbol here:
➢ A post-alveolar
/h/
“h”
Some common words with this sound: Dalam Bahasa Melayu, simbol ini dalam
bunyi “h” kita. Contoh:
❖ “h” in the beginning: hand / here
❖ “h” in the middle: ahead / behave Hantu / Sudah / Hentak
❖ With “wh” – who / whole
➢ A fricative consonant List a few other English words with the /h/
➢ Voiceless symbol here:
➢ A glottal
AFFRICATE CONSONANTS
tʃ dʒ
/tʃ/
“c”
Some common words with this sound: Dalam Bahasa Melayu, simbol ini dalam
bunyi “c” kita. Contoh:
❖ With “ch” – chair / church
❖ With “tch” – batch / butcher Campak / Pecah / Campur
❖ With “tu” – culture / future
❖ With “ti” – question / suggestion
➢ An affricate consonant List a few other English words with the /tʃ/
➢ Voiceless symbol here:
➢ A post-alveolar
/dʒ/
“j”
Some common words with this sound: Dalam Bahasa Melayu, simbol ini dalam
bunyi “j” kita. Contoh:
❖ With “j” – enjoy / jam
❖ With “dj” – adjust Jamban / Pijak / Bujur
❖ With “ge” – agency / age / germ
❖ With “gi” – apologize / imagine
❖ With “gy” – energy / technology
❖ With “dge” – knowledge / edge
➢ An affricate consonant List a few other English words with the /dʒ/
➢ Voiced symbol here:
➢ A post-alveolar
NASAL CONSONANTS
m ŋ
n
/m/
“m”
Some common words with this sound: Dalam Bahasa Melayu, simbol ini dalam
bunyi “m” kita. Contoh:
❖ “m” in the beginning: move / man
❖ “m” in the middle: company / woman Muka / Kuman / Masam
❖ “m” in the final: time / system
➢ A nasal consonant List a few other English words with the /m/
➢ Voiced symbol here:
➢ A bilabial
/n/
“n”
Some common words with this sound: Dalam Bahasa Melayu, simbol ini dalam
bunyi “n” kita. Contoh:
❖ “n” in the beginning: number / name
❖ “n” in the middle: end / dinner Nama / Pinang / Simpan
❖ “n” in the final: again / mean
❖ With “kn” – knife / knight
➢ A nasal consonant List a few other English words with the /n/
➢ Voiced symbol here:
➢ An alveolar
/ŋ/
“ng”
Words with this sound would always have Dalam Bahasa Melayu, simbol ini dalam
the “ng” spelling: bunyi “ng” kita. Contoh:
➢ A nasal consonant List a few other English words with the /ŋ/
➢ Voiced symbol here:
➢ A velar
LIQUID & RHOTIC CONSONANTS
l
r
/l/
“l”
Some common words with this sound: Dalam Bahasa Melayu, simbol ini dalam
bunyi “l” kita. Contoh:
❖ “l” in the beginning: last / love
❖ “l” in the middle: only / really Lambat / Bila / Pil
❖ “l” in the final: fall / deal
➢ A liquid consonant List a few other English words with the /l/
➢ Voiced symbol here:
➢ An alveolar
/r/
“r”
Some common words with this sound: Dalam Bahasa Melayu, simbol ini dalam
bunyi “r” kita. Contoh:
❖ “r” in the beginning: report / read
❖ “r” in the middle: around / carry Reka / Baran / Benar
❖ *“r” in the final: car / fire
➢ A rhotic consonant List a few other English words with the /r/
➢ Voiced symbol here:
➢ An alveolar
GLIDE CONSONANTS
w
j
/w/
“w”
Some common words with this sound: Dalam Bahasa Melayu, simbol ini dalam
bunyi “w” kita. Contoh:
❖ With “w” – wait / waste / was
❖ With “wh” – whale / where Wira / Wanita / Bawah
❖ Others – once / choir
➢ A glide consonant List a few other English words with the /w/
➢ Voiced symbol here:
➢ A labiovelar
/j/
“y”
Some common words with this sound: Dalam Bahasa Melayu, simbol ini dalam
bunyi “y” kita. Contoh:
❖ With “y” – yard / yellow
❖ With “u” – cute / stimulate Yakin / Ya / Yuran
❖ With “ue” – argue, value
❖ With “ew” – few / nephew
❖ With “iew” – interview / view
➢ A glide consonant List a few other English words with the /j/
➢ Voiced symbol here:
➢ A palatal
APPLICATION
Let’s see how we can apply this when reading the dictionary
KE-RA-NA
Tapi itu adalah Bahasa Melayu di mana huruf “u” akan sentiasa berbunyi “u” tapi dalam English,
huruf “u” boleh bunyi “u” (put) dan juga boleh berbunyi “a” (but).
Kita ambil contoh perkataan CAR. Dalam phonetics, sebutan CAR akan ditulis sebegini:
/kʌr/
k = bunyi “k”
ʌ = bunyi “a”
r = bunyi “r”
Jadi gabungkan tiga simbol tersebut dan anda dapat sebutan bagi “CAR”. Cuba check sebutan
anda dengan perkataan CAR di https://dictionary.cambridge.org/
Anda boleh juga check sebutan perkataan-perkataan English yang lain dan juga simbol phonetics
mereka. Give it a try! 😊
Now, let’s see whether are you able to read the pronunciation for these words. Write the
words down.
Here’s mine: