PEROLINO, MAE ANN T.

BSED ENGLISH II

1. NAMMU
ORIGIN: SUMERIAN
ALSO KNOWN AS “TIAMAT” IN THE BABYLONIAN PANTHEON

SUMERIAN: Nammu is the Goddess of primeval waters and the sea. She’s
the symbol of chaos and primordial creation. The wife of Abzu, mother
and foremother of most of the gods in the pantheon.

BABYLONIAN: Tiamat is a primordial Babylonian goddess of the ocean and

personification of chaos. She gave birth to the first generation of
gods, and later, she was killed by the storm god, Marduk. From her
divided body came the heavens and the Earth.

2. ANU
ORIGIN: SUMERIAN
ALSO KNOWN AS “AN” IN THE BABYLONIAN PANTHEON
PEROLINO, MAE ANN T. BSED ENGLISH II

SUMERIAN: Anu is the Mesopotamian sky god, father, and king of the
gods, supreme god of the Sumerian pantheon, and city god of Uruk. He is
the father of all the other gods, evil spirits, and demons, typically
depicted in a head dress with horns.

BABYLONIAN: The god of heaven, An, was believed to have been conceived
by the Sumerians as the supreme ruler of the pantheon. An is the
Sumerian word for heaven, and he represents the father of all the gods.

3. INNANA
ORIGIN: SUMERIAN
ALSO KNOWN AS “ISHTAR” IN BABYLONIAN PANTHEON

SUMERIAN: The goddess Inanna was the most important female deity of the
ancient period. She was the goddess of love, war, and female fertility.
The personality of Inanna can be divided into three quite separate
parts: goddess of love and sexual behavior, especially connected with
extramarital sex and lust.

BABYLONIAN: Ishtar (Ishhara, Irnini, Sumerian Inanna)—goddess of

sexual love, fertility, and war, Akkadian counterpart of the West
Semite goddess Astarte, goddess of Venus.
PEROLINO, MAE ANN T. BSED ENGLISH II

4. UTU
ORIGIN: SUMERIAN
ALSO KNOWN AS “SHAMASH” IN BABYLONIAN PANTHEON

SUMERIAN: Utu was the Sumerian sun god. He represented the brilliant
light of the sun, which returns every day to illuminate the lives of
mankind, as well as providing the warmth to enable the plants to grow.
In Sumerian tradition, he was represented with a saw knife and fiery
rays.

BABYLONIAN: Shamash (Babbar, Utu)—sun god and part of astral triad of

divinities (Shamash the sun, Sin the moon, and Ishtar the morning star)

5. SUMERIAN “ENKI”
BABYLONIAN: “EA”
PEROLINO, MAE ANN T. BSED ENGLISH II
He is the great water god, was one of the four creation deities of
Sumer, and the god of fresh water, male fertility, and knowledge.
He was represented with flowing streams of water and swimming
fishes.

6. NANNA
ORIGIN: SUMERIAN
ALSO KNOWN AS “SIN” IN BABYLONIAN PANTHEON

SUMERIAN: Nanna, the moon god, was the major astral deity of the
Sumerians, born of Enlil, the air god, and his wife Ninlil, the air
goddess.
BABYLONIAN: Sin (Suen, Nannar or Nanna)—moon god, father of Shamash
and Ishtar, city god of Uruk.

7. ABZU
ORIGIN: BABYLONIAN
ALSO KNOWN AS “APSU” IN SUMERIAN PANTHEON
PEROLINO, MAE ANN T. BSED ENGLISH II
Also known as Apsu and Abzu, he encircled the earth and merged his
fresh waters with the salt waters of his consort, Tiamat; from their
union all the other gods were born. He was killed by his son, Ea, which
provoked the war of the gods with Tiamat.

8. ENLIL
ORIGIN: SUMERIAN
A.K.A “ELLIL”

Enlil was often called “the great mountain” and “king of the foreign
lands.” He has been described as a supreme lord, father, creator, and a
“raging storm.” Decreed kingship and declared fates.

9. MARDUK
ORIGIN: BABYLONIAN
PEROLINO, MAE ANN T. BSED ENGLISH II
Marduk God of vegetation, justice, magic, law, salvation, and water as
well as lord of truth. Son of Enki. He is the Custodian of the Tablets
of Destiny and the National deity of the Babylonian Empire.

10. NINHURSAG
ORIGIN: SUMERIAN, one of the oldest Gods

Goddess of earth, nature, mountains, and fertility as well as charged

with pregnancy and birth. She is the wife of Enki and mother of 9 of
his children. She is the deity of Sumerian rulers who’s said to be the
mother of the gods and is attended by foxes.

11. Ereshkigal
ORIGIN: SUMERIAN
PEROLINO, MAE ANN T. BSED ENGLISH II
She is the ruler of Irkalla, the Mesopotamian netherworld, which isn’t
fun for anybody. Though not necessarily evil, she can be dark and
violent as well as really hates being disrespected. Goddess of Irkalla
– land of the dead or the Underworld as well as death, darkness, and
dust. Older sister of Inanna and wife of Nergal.

12. Ishkur
ORIGIN: AKKADIAN
A.K.A “Adad” or “Hadad”

 As a storm deity, can be a force of nature. Sometimes his rains can

lead to great abundance and fertility while his propensity for natural
disasters can lead to widespread devastation.

- Personifying the natural elements of rain and storm, the god Hadad or
Adad was worshiped by people who believed in Semitic religion. He was
typically worshiped along with his famous animal – the bull. Hadad
was depicted with a bearded look, with thunderbolt and a club
clenched in his fists.

God of weather, hurricanes, storms, thunder, rain, and divination as

well as inspector of the cosmos. Son of Nanna and Ningal as well as
husband of Shala.
PEROLINO, MAE ANN T. BSED ENGLISH II

13. UTTU
ORIGIN: SUMERIAN

Goddess of weaving and clothing. Said to be in charge of everything

pertaining to women. Uttu is perhaps the best known Mesopotamian deity
of the domestic sphere as well as the model for the perfect wife.\

14. NINHURSAG
ORIGIN: SUMERIAN

Goddess of earth, nature, mountains, and fertility as well as charged

with pregnancy and birth. Wife of Enki and mother of 9 of his children.
Deity of Sumerian rulers. Said to be the mother of the gods. Said to be
attended by foxes.
PEROLINO, MAE ANN T. BSED ENGLISH II
15. NERGAL
ORIGIN: AKKADIAN
A.K.A “ERRA” in Babylonian Pantheon

God of fire, destruction, war, plagues, and occasionally the sun,

especially during the summer or noon. Son of Enlil and . Husband of
Ereshkigal. In later myths, becomes ruler of the Underworld.

16. NINURTA
ORIGIN: SUMERIAN

God of agriculture, healing, war, hunting, victory, thunder, fertility,

rain, and destruction. Champion of the gods. Son of Enlil and husband
of Ugallu.

17. DUMUZID
ORIGIN: SUMERIAN
PEROLINO, MAE ANN T. BSED ENGLISH II

Dumuzid is best known as a shepherd god and Inanna’s husband whom she
built a city for him to rule. But when she’s trapped in the Underworld,
he’s the only man who doesn’t mourn and is forced to take her place for
6 months. God of food, animals, fertility, and vegetation as well as
life, death, and rebirth. Husband (or lover) of Inanna.

18. MAMITU
ORIGIN: AKKADIAN

Mamitu is a judge of the Underworld who knows every history, life

cycle, and fate for every creature in the universe. Still, stay on her
good side. But she will tell you your fortune, for a fee. Goddess of
destiny, oath, prophecy, and fate as well as judge of the Underworld.
Decreed fates for newborns.
PEROLINO, MAE ANN T. BSED ENGLISH II
19. NAMTAR
ORIGIN: SUMERIAN

(SUMERIAN) A god of death and pestilence, Namtar is an assistant to his

mother Ereshkigal in the Underworld. Though people give him offerings
to prevent his wrath, he isn’t well liked and he knows it. Possible
inspiration for the Grim Reaper. God of death and fate as well as
minister and messenger to Anu, Nergal, and Ereshkigal. Son of Enlil and
Ereshkigal as well as husband of Husibiag.

20. NANSHE
ORIGIN: SUMERIAN

A benevolent goddess, Nanshe embodies social justice principles like

caring for orphans and widows, advising those in debt, and taking in
refugees. Nevertheless, she doesn’t figure as much in myths as goddess
like Inanna and Ereshkigal do. Goddess of social justice, prophecy,
fertility, storerooms, and fishing
PEROLINO, MAE ANN T. BSED ENGLISH II
21. NINSHUBUR
ORIGIN: SUMERIAN

Ninshubur Queen of the East, The Sumerian goddess of the east who was
friend, confidant, defender, advisor and traveling companion to Inanna.
Ninshubur plays a prominent role in many of the stories concerning
Inanna.

22. NIDABA
ORIGIN: SUMERIAN

Nidaba Goddess of writing, learning, education, accounting, and

harvest. Sometimes chief scribe to Nanshe and at times scribe to the
gods.

23. GESHTINANNA
ORIGIN: SUMERIAN
PEROLINO, MAE ANN T. BSED ENGLISH II

Goddess of the heavenly vine, wine, writing, music, and cold seasons.
Divine poet and interpreter of dreams. Sister of Dumuzid. She was in
charge of the fertility of the earth from the spring to the fall
equinox.

24. NABU
ORIGIN: BABYLONIAN

Nabu is the ancient Mesopotamian patron god literacy, rational arts,

scribes and wisdom. His name means "The Announcer" in reference to his
prophetic abilities and the gift of writing.
PEROLINO, MAE ANN T. BSED ENGLISH II

25. ENURTA
ORIGIN: BABYLONIAN

Enurta: was a minor Babylonian god of war and hunting. His original
Sumerian incarnation was that of an agricultural deity.

26. GULA
ORIGIN: SUMERIAN

The goddess Gula (whose name means “great”) was a healing goddess who
understood disease and became the patroness of doctors and is usually
depicted surrounded by stars with her dog by her side. She is
associated with the underworld and transformation.
PEROLINO, MAE ANN T. BSED ENGLISH II
27. NINKASI
ORIGIN: SUMERIAN

The patron goddess of beer, Ninkasi was one among the chief deities
worshiped massively in ancient Mesopotamia. Women, in those ancient
times, took charge of brewing and making beverages. The goddess was a
symbolical representation of the craft of making alcohol which was
considered a very important aspect in Mesopotamian society.

28. NISABA
ORIGIN: SUMERIAN

The Sumerians were well known scientists and inventors of ancient

world. They loved writing and it was during their time that various
forms of texts and tablets came to be written and spoken about.
Originally the Sumerian goddess of grains, cereal and grasses, most
notably the sturdy reeds which grew in the canals and which scribes
would use in writing. Consequently, Nisaba became the patron goddess of
writing, scribes and, particularly, accounting. She grew in stature to
become the goddess of writing and scribe of the gods.
PEROLINO, MAE ANN T. BSED ENGLISH II

29. DAGON or DAGAN

ORIGIN: BABYLONIAN

The religion of Mesopotamian people was dominated by the presence of

several prime gods and goddesses. One god or deity to have been revered as
the god of fertility was Dagon, or Dagan.

30. ADAPA
ORIGIN: BABYLONIAN/SUMERIAN

ADAPA - In Sumerian and Babylonian mythology, the first created man,

son of Ea (or Enki) who, in anger at the overturning of his boat, broke
PEROLINO, MAE ANN T. BSED ENGLISH II
the wings of the South Wind and had to travel to the heavens to
apologize to Anu.

31. ADRAMELECH –
ORIGIN: BABYLONIAN

The Babylonian sun god and personification of the sun, giver and
sustainer of life. His consort was Anamelech, moon goddess and the moon

32. ASHNAN
ORIGIN: SUMERIAN

- The Sumerian goddess of grain. Ashnan and her sister, Lahar, were the
children of Enlil, born to provide sustenance to the Annunaki, the
judges of the dead. It was found, however, that the Annunaki could eat
none of it and so human beings were created to eat of the grains
instead so that the efforts of Ashnan and Lahar would not be wasted.
PEROLINO, MAE ANN T. BSED ENGLISH II
33. BEL
ORIGIN: BABYLONIAN

The Babylonian god of sages. Associated with Marduk, sometimes depicted

as his brother, Bel was very clever and wise. He was the son of Enki
(Ea), the god of wisdom.

34. DAMU
ORIGIN: SUMERIAN

(no image available)

The Sumerian god of healing, son of Gula, goddess of healing. Damu was
considered the intermediary between his mother and mortal doctors.

35. EMESH
ORIGIN: SUMERIAN

(no image available)

The Sumerian god of summer and personification of summer. He created

the trees and fertile fields and was the brother of Enten, the god of
winter. Emesh was depicted as a farmer.

36. ENKIDU
ORIGIN: SUMERIAN
PEROLINO, MAE ANN T. BSED ENGLISH II

The Sumerian god of the forests and the wild. Created by the gods and
sent to earth to teach the proud King Gilgamesh a lesson in humility,
Enkidu became Gilgamesh's best friend and brother. His death, following
the slaying of the Bull of Heaven, is the impetus for Gilgamesh to
embark on his quest for the meaning of life.
\

37. ENTEN
ORIGIN: SUMERIAN

The Sumerian god of winter who watched over the birth and health of
animals during the cold, rainy season. His brother was Enmesh, the god
of summer.
PEROLINO, MAE ANN T. BSED ENGLISH II
38. GUSHKIN-BANDA
ORIGIN: BABYLONIAN

The Babylonian creator of man and gods who was depicted as a

craftsman, most often a goldsmith.

39. HAIA
ORIGIN: SUMERIAN

The Sumerian god of storehouses and goods. He was best known as the
father of the goddess of grain, Ninlil, whose rape by Enlil formed the
basis of the famous fertility myth.
PEROLINO, MAE ANN T. BSED ENGLISH II

40. HUMBABA
ORIGIN: SUMERIAN

The Sumerian daimon and guardian of the great Cedar Forest who is
killed by Gilgamesh and Enkidu in The Epic of Gilgamesh. He is depicted
as a hairy giant with lion's claws and a monster's face.

41. IGIGI
ORIGIN: BABYLONIAN

(no image available)

The Babylonian god of the heavens, the region above the clouds, also
the collective name for the gods who dwelt above the clouds.
PEROLINO, MAE ANN T. BSED ENGLISH II
42. IRRA
ORIGIN: BABYLONIAN
A.K.A “ERRA”

Babylonian god of plagues pestilence, death, war, and destruction,

associated with Nergal, god of death. Irra was a clever and annoying
demon responsible for all kinds of human miseries.

43. KISHAR
ORIGIN: BABYLONIAN
PEROLINO, MAE ANN T. BSED ENGLISH II
The Babylonian goddess of the earth and fertility. As her name, `Ki'
and `Shar' means `the entire earth', she is considered a mother goddess
responsible for growth below and above the ground. She is the mother of
Anu in some myths and associated with Anshar (heaven).

44. LAHMU and LAHAMU

ORIGIN: BABYLONIAN

Two early Babylonian gods, the first born of Absu and Tiamat, from
whom all the other gods were born.

45. LAMA
ORIGIN; SUMERIAN

The Sumerian goddess of protection. She was known to the Akkadians as

Lamassu. As Lama she was depicted as a woman in a long, tiered robe
while, as Lamassu, she appeared as a winged bull or lion with a woman's
PEROLINO, MAE ANN T. BSED ENGLISH II
face or head and protected temples and palaces against the forces of
chaos and their attendant evils.

46. MUMMU
ORIGIN: BABYLONIAN

The Babylonian god of craftsmen. The god Ea is known as Ea Mummu in

his role as the creator of human beings and the word `mummu’ is
understood as `genius’ as in `knowing how to craft’.

47. MUSHDAMMA
ORIGIN: SUMERIAN
PEROLINO, MAE ANN T. BSED ENGLISH II
The Sumerian god of foundations and buildings, brother of Kabta (god of
pickaxes, construction and bricks) and one of the sons of Ninhursag.

48. MYLITTA
ORIGIN: AKKADIAN

The Assyrian goddess of fertility and childbirth.

49. NIN-AGAL
ORIGIN: BABYLONIAN

The Babylonian god of the forge and patron god of smiths.

PEROLINO, MAE ANN T. BSED ENGLISH II

50. NINLIL
ORIGIN: SUMERIAN

The Sumerian goddess of air, `The Lady of the Air', whose name was
originally Sud until she married Enlil.

51. NIRAH
ORIGIN: SUMERIAN

The Sumerian snake god, god of snakes.

PEROLINO, MAE ANN T. BSED ENGLISH II

52. NUSKU
ORIGIN: BABYLONIAN

The Babylonian god of fire, both heavenly and terrestrial, patron god
of civilization which would not have thrived without fire.

53. RAMMAN
ORIGIN: SUMERIAN/AKKADIAN
A.K.A “RIMMON”
PEROLINO, MAE ANN T. BSED ENGLISH II
The Akkadian and Sumerian storm god associated with both Adad and
Nintur, mentioned in The Epic of Gilgamesh.

54. SHERIDA
ORIGIN: SUMERIAN
A.K.A “SERIDA”

The ancient Sumerian mother goddess, giver and sustainer of light and
life. One of the oldest gods in Mesopotamia, she was once a primary
deity who, in time, assumed a subordinate role as consort to the sun
god, Utu. She was known, in this capacity, to the Akkadians and
Babylonians as Aja (or Aya) the goddess of dawn.
PEROLINO, MAE ANN T. BSED ENGLISH II
55. SILILI
ORIGIN: BABYLONIAN

The Babylonian goddess of horses, known as `The Divine Mare', the

mother of all horses

56. ZAKAR
ORIGIN: BABYLONIAN

The Babylonian god of dreams. Dreams were considered messages from the
gods. Zakar's responsibility was to send these messages to the
appropriate human recipients. He was known to the Sumerians as Zaqar.
PEROLINO, MAE ANN T. BSED ENGLISH II

57. ZALTU
ORIGIN: BABYLONIAN

The Babylonian goddess of strife. She is associated with Ishtar and

personifies the destructive side of the goddess.