Automatic Soil Nutrients Analyzer and Modification Machine (ASNAMM) Using Photodiode in Arduino System

AUTOMATIC SOIL NUTRIENTS ANALYZER AND MODIFICATION MACHINE (ASNAMM) using Photodiode in Arduino System
AUTOMATIC SOIL NUTRIENTS ANALYZER AND MODIFICATION MACHINE

(ASNAMM) using Photodiode in Arduino System
A Robotic Intelligent Machine (RIM) Project
Presented to the NEHS-Scientific Review Committee
In partial fulfilment of the Requirements in Research 1
SUBMITTED BY:
Rene Leonard P. Valino
Aldrin L. Mizona
Mary Franchesca Isabelle M. Santiago
NOVEMBER, 2019
Division of Nueva Ecija

Nueva Ecija High School
Burgos Avenue, Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija
INTRODUCTION
Soil fertility refers to the ability of soil to sustain agricultural plant growth and also
an important factor in assessing soil quality as it indicates how much it can sustain plant life by
macro and micronutrient amounts, temperature, pH, etc.
Fertilizers are added to the soil to maintain nutrient levels in the soil. Most farmers
choose to approximate and manually add the amount of fertilizers. However, the addition of
proper amounts of fertilizers is of great importance as excess or insufficient addition can harm
the plant life and reduce yield. (Sreedevi et Al., 2017). Soil moisture directly and indirectly
affects soil fertility. Plants take up nutrients by absorbing moisture and only by touch. When soil
is dry, it may be possible to immobilize any nutrients. If too much water, it can over-mobilize
the nutrients. Soil moisture also influences soil flora and fauna, and soil fertility would also be
affected (Aslam, 2017).
Singh and Shaligram (2014) used NPK labeling fertilizer based on the relative content
of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium chemical elements widely used in soil for fertility. Thus,
understanding a fertilizer’s NPK values will help you pick one that fits the type of plants you
cultivate. This will also help you determine the amount of fertilizer numbers that will match
your garden’s soil needs and deficiencies (Phipps,2013).
Various types of technology have been created to facilitate the daily activities of man.
As well as in agricultural technology, a variety of tools have been created to help farmers
maintain the soil fertility. (Masrie et Al., 2017). Electrochemical Sensor and Photodiode Sensor
are variety of tools that can determine the NPK values of a soil (Gavade, 2017). Electrochemical
sensor consists of an ion selective membrane that reacts selectively to a target ion, and a
transducer that converts the reaction into observable electrical signals at a price of at least 110
Pesos (Lin et Al.,2007). Photodiode sensor is the cheapest and can determine the value of NPK
of a soil. Different light colors illuminate the Aqueous solution of soil and gets reflected from
solution. Thus, the sensor converts reflected lights into electrical signals which can easily
determines the nutrients of the soil. (Gavade, 2017).
The Soil Moisture Sensor uses capacitance to calculate surrounding medium's dielectric
permittivity. Dielectrical permittivity is a function of the water content in soil. The sensor
produces a voltage proportional to the dielectric permittivity, and hence the soil's water
content. The sensor averages the water content of the sensor throughout its entire length.
(Kumar and Magesh.S, 2017).

Therefore, the need of affordable and easy to build system that is also effective and efficient to
use. This present investigation looked into the possibility of developing an Automatic Soil
Nutrients Analyzer and Modification Machine (ASNAMM) using photodiode in Arduino System
enabling the farmers and also the field of agriculture to maintain the soil fertility and to lessen
the time and energy of an individual in farming.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

According to the National Geographic statement, Agriculture provides most of the world’s
food and fabric, it was also the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization. As
we all know, farmers seeks to provide soil with a much higher sustainability and quality in terms
of its soil fertility. Time and energy of a farmers are one important aspect of maintaining the
nutrients and good fertility of a soil.
However, the addition of so much or insufficient amount of fertilizer to the soil can harm
the plant life and reduce the possibility of the soil to maintain its nutrients. It is common that
soil fertility is associated with the ability of a soil to produce a crop of good quality and high
yields, but if and only if the soil will have the exact nutrients it needed.
In response to this problem, our present investigation looked into the possibility of
developing an Automatic Soil Nutrients Analyzer and Modification Machine (ASNAMM) using
photodiode in Arduino System enabling the farmers and also the field of agriculture to maintain
the soil fertility and to lessen the time and energy of an individual in farm.
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
This research study aims to construct and design an Automatic Soil Nutrients Analyzer
and Modification Machine (ASNAMM) integrated to Arduino Microcontroller System.
To test the effectiveness of ASNAMM, the researchers also intend to answer the
following questions;
1. How does Automatic Soil Nutrients Analyzer and Modification Machine (ASNAMM)
integrated to Arduino Microcontroller system accurately measures the moisture
level and nutrients (NPK) of a soil compound to a soil nutrients kit?

2. How does Automatic Soil Nutrients Analyzer and Modification Machine (ASNAMM)
be described in terms of providing precise moisture level and nutrients (NPK) to the
soil?
SYSTEM FLOWCHART
The flow of the ASNAMM using Photodiode in Arduino starts by powering on the tester
and opening the mobile application in the device, then placing the soil on the tester. Once the
soil is placed on the tester the device analyzes the nutrients: Nitrogen, Phosphorus and
Potassium using process testers. These process testers determine which nutrients in soil are
insufficient to be able to create a healthy soil. After this process the test results will be
displayed in the mobile application. When the command is sent and the application selects ‘Go’
the pumps function and feed nutrients into the soil.

REFERENCE
R.Sindhuja1 and B.Krithiga2 1UG Student, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
IFET College of Engineering, Villupuram, Tamilnadu, India. 2Assistant Professor, Department Of
Electronics and Communication Engineering, IFET College of Engineering, Villupuram,
Tamilnadu,India.http://ajast.net/data/uploads/4ajast-10.pdf
Marianah Masrie , Mohamad Syamim Aizuddin Rosman, Rosidah Sam and Zuriati Janin
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), Shah Alam, Selangor
*marianah@salam.uitm.edu.my
N. Singh and A. Shaligram, “D. NPK Measurement in Soil and Automatic Soil Fertilizer Dispensing
Robot,” International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, vol. 3, no. 7, pp. 635-637,
2014. https://www.ijert.org/research/npk-measurement-in-soil-and-automatic-soil-fertilizer-
dispensing-robot-IJERTV3IS070526.pdf
L. C. Gavade, “Detection of N, P, Kusing Fiber Optic Sensor and PIC Controller,” International
Journal of Engineering Research Science, vol. 13787, 2017.
http://ijesc.org/upload/c05394f612989c6df350ab55ec261400.Detection%20of%20N,%20P,%20Kusing
%20Fiber%20Optic%20Sensor%20and%20PIC%20Controller.pdf
D. V. Ramane, S. S. Patil, and A. Shaligram, “Detection of Npk Nutrients of Soil Using Fiber Optic
Sensor,” in International Journal of Research in Advent Technology (E-ISSN: 2321-9637) Special
Issue National Conference” ACGT, 2015, pp. 13-14.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324476561_Detection_of_NPK_nutrients_of_soil_using_fibe
r_Optic_Sensor
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/garden-how-to/soil-fertilizers/fertilizer-numbers-npk.htm

METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH DESIGN
The present research Investigation is classified as Experimental Research which is defined
as research conducted with a scientific approach, where a set of variables are kept constant
while the other set of variables are being measured as the subject of experiment. There are
times when it don’t have enough data to support the decisions. In such situations, it needs to
carry out experiments to discover the facts. Experimental research can gather a lot of data that
can help to make a better decisions.
PREPARATION AND CONSTRUCTION OF SYSTEMS AND MATERIALS

The materials are gathered to make the device possible and well-constructed and to make
the concept of soil modification attainable with the help of the following gathered materials.
RESEARCH DESIGN
Preparation and Construction of Materials
Evaluation and Testing
Data gathering
Analysis of result

FLOWCHART

The device ASNAMM using Photodiode in Arduino System consist of the main
heart/controller which is the Arduino. The Arduino sends command to the Bluetooth
transmitter so it will be able to connect into the device to access the mobile application and
perform the application’s function which is to display the analyzed nutrients of the soil. It will
also act as an instrument to feed the soil with the nutrients it needs to create a healthy and
modified soil.
A soil moisture sensor Model SEN-13322 will be used in determining the amount of water
present in the soil. When the soil is having water shortage, the module output is at high level,
else the output is at low level. This sensor reminds the user to water their plants and also
monitors the moisture content of soil.

For Soil Nutrient Analysis, an optical transducer is designed to measure the NPK level
of the soil sample, optical transducer is developed to measure and to detect the presence of
Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P) and Potassium (K) of soil. Such transducer is needed to
decide how much extra contents of these nutrients are to be added to the soil to increase
soil fertility. The lights that are reflected by the different LED colors are absorbed by the
photodiode thus, converting it into electrical readings.
DATA GATHERING
The lights that are reflected by the different LED colors are absorbed by the photodiode
thus, converting it into electrical readings. In order to test the accuracy of the lights being
absorbed by photodiode it will be compared to soil fertility kit.
THERSHOLD VALUE FOR LOW, MEDIUM AND HIGH NUTRIENTS IN SOIL SAMPLE
Nutrients Low(V) Medium(V) High(v)

Nitrogen 3.5<x<3.7 3.8<x<4.1 x> 4.2
Phosphorus 2.45<x<3.3 2.9<x<3.3 x> 3.4
Potassium 1.6<x<2.2 2.3<x<2.8 x> 2.9
Source:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323710446_Detection_of_nitrogen_phosph
orus_and_potassium_NPK_nutrients_of_soil_using_optical_transducer?
fbclid=IwAR2jxSaUgJCK7s1Fxsr5emsHE5qymLiRHxf_GPS0o24sI8bbw9fEWUWPN7c https:
//www.researchgate.net/publication/323710446_Detection_of_nitrogen_phosphorus_a
nd_potassium_NPK_nutrients_of_soil_using_optical_transducer?
fbclid=IwAR2jxSaUgJCK7s1Fxsr5emsHE5qymLiRHxf_GPS0o24sI8bbw9fEWUWPN7c

APPENDICES
The main components of the hardware of ASNAMM are described in details below:
Arduino Pro
The Arduino Uno R3 is a microcontroller

board based on a removable, dual-inline-
package (DIP) ATmega328 AVR
microcontroller. It has 20 digital input/output
pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs
and 6 can be used as analog inputs). Programs
can be loaded on to it from the easy-to-use
Arduino computer program. The Arduino has
an extensive support community, which makes
it a very easy way to get started working with
embedded electronics. The R3 is the third, and
latest, revision of the Arduino Uno.
Moisture Sensor Soil Moisture Sensor SEN-13322 is a

simple breakout for measuring the moisture
in soil and similar materials. The soil moisture
sensor is pretty straight forward to use. The
two large exposed pads function as probes
for the sensor, together acting as a variable
resistor. The more water that is in the soil
means the better the conductivity between
the pads will be and will result in a lower
resistance, and a higher SIG out.
Bluetooth Transmitter
The HC-06 RS232 TTL module is suitable

where wireless data transmission is needed in
slave mode. The board can be accessorized with a
USB to TTL serial cable to connect to your PC. Like
the HC-05, the HC-06 module can reach a range of
up to 9 meters

Photodiode LED sensor
Photodiode lm358 is one type of

light detector, used to convert the light
into current or voltage based on the
mode of operation of the device. It
comprises of optical filters, built-in lenses
and also surface areas.
LED Power Supply
LED power sources that

provide a “constant-current” output
have typically been referred to
as LED drivers. In the past, AC-
DC power supplies that provided a
regulated “constant-voltage” to
LEDs were referred to as LED power
supplies.
Circuit Board PCB
A printed circuit board (PCB)

mechanically supports and electrically
connects electrical or components using c
onductive tracks, pads and other
features etched from one or more sheet
layers of copper laminated onto and/or
between sheet layers of a non-
conductive substrate. Components are
generally soldered onto the PCB to both
electrically connect and mechanically
fasten them to it.

Lead wires
Conducting wire that establishes
an electrical connection between two
points in a circuit. You can use jumper
wires to modify a circuit or to diagnose
problems in a circuit.
Water Pump
A water pump is any device for

moving water. The water pump is one of
the oldest and most widespread
machines, and exists in an enormous
variety of styles.
The shaduf or shadoof (bucket on
counterweighted lever), a very primitive
pump, is known to have existed since
about 2000 BCE.Some uses of water
pumps include Obtaining water from
ground wells for drinking, cooking, and
other purposes and moving water
in active solar heating systems.


Automatic Soil Nutrients Analyzer and Modification Machine (ASNAMM) Using Photodiode in Arduino System

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Automatic Soil Nutrients Analyzer and Modification Machine (ASNAMM) Using Photodiode in Arduino System

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

AUTOMATIC SOIL NUTRIENTS ANALYZER AND MODIFICATION MACHINE (ASNAMM) using Photodiode in Arduino System

AUTOMATIC SOIL NUTRIENTS ANALYZER AND MODIFICATION MACHINE

A Robotic Intelligent Machine (RIM) Project

Presented to the NEHS-Scientific Review Committee

In partial fulfilment of the Requirements in Research 1

Division of Nueva Ecija

Division of Nueva Ecija

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Division of Nueva Ecija

Division of Nueva Ecija

Division of Nueva Ecija

PREPARATION AND CONSTRUCTION OF SYSTEMS AND MATERIALS

Preparation and Construction of Materials

Evaluation and Testing

Division of Nueva Ecija

Division of Nueva Ecija

Division of Nueva Ecija

Nutrients Low(V) Medium(V) High(v)

Division of Nueva Ecija

The Arduino Uno R3 is a microcontroller

Moisture Sensor Soil Moisture Sensor SEN-13322 is a

The HC-06 RS232 TTL module is suitable

Division of Nueva Ecija

Photodiode LED sensor

Photodiode lm358 is one type of

LED Power Supply

LED power sources that

Circuit Board PCB

A printed circuit board (PCB)

Division of Nueva Ecija

A water pump is any device for

Division of Nueva Ecija

You might also like