History of

Industrial
Automation 01
What is Industrial Automation?

We can define industrial automation as

the use of computerized,
electromechanical, electropneumatic and
electrohydraulic systems or elements for
industrial purposes. We can also say that
it encompasses industrial
instrumentation, which includes sensors,
field transmitters, control and
supervision systems, data transmission
and collection systems, and real-time
software applications to monitor and
control plant operations. or industrial
processes.
 As its name implies, automation is
being able to make something be
03 controlled autonomously or semi-
autonomously. Generally, to achieve
this, the help of five elements is
needed, either created by human
beings or from nature (mechanical,
hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical,
electronic analog or digital), which will
depend on the budget to automate,
for logical security reasons and
performance of the same
History of
Industrial
Automation

04
 The origins of automation lie
in Prehistory, with the development of
machines
simple that minimized the force they had
to
make people. Animal or human energy,
over time, began to replace
by renewable energies (such as wind
energy or
hydraulic power).
Through the centuries the human being
has built machines that mimic body parts
human. Ancient Egyptians joined arms
mechanics to statues of their gods. These
arms were operated by priests, who
They claimed that their movement was
inspiration from their gods. The Greeks
built statues that operated with systems
hydraulics, which were used to fascinate
the worshipers of the temples.
In Europe in the seventeenth and
eighteenth centuries they built very
ingenious mechanical dolls
they had some robot characteristics.
06
first steps Jacques de Vauncansos built several musicians
human-sized in the mid-18th century. I know

of It was about mechanical robots designed for a

specific purpose: fun.

automation The Swiss Henri Maillardet built in 1805 a

mechanical doll that was able to do
drawings. A series of cams were used as the
program for the device in the process of
write and draw. These mechanical inventions of
human form should be regarded as
investments that reflected the genius of men
who were ahead of their time.
 Mechanization was the next necessary stage
for the evolution towards automation. The
simplification of work allowed by the
division of labor also made possible the design
and construction of machines that reproduced
the
worker movements. As
technology for the transfer of
energy, these specialized machines are
motorized, thus increasing their efficiency
productive

08
In the 1920s the automobile industry changed these concepts into a system
of integrated production. The objective of this system of assembly line was
to reduce prices. TO Despite the most recent advances, this is the
production system with which most people associate the term automation.
 Thanks to the development and innovation of new
technologies, process automation
industrialists, over time, has led to
significant advances that have allowed
companies implement production processes
more efficient, safe and competitive.

It can be classified into time lapses in

which presented the greatest advances and
problematic:
10
 • BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY TO THE 50's

- Origins with the industrial revolution.

- Mechanical elements and

electromagnetic (motors, relays,
timers, counters).

- Problem: electrical cabinets

(control cabinets) increase in size
as automations are made more
complex.
 - Begin to use the
semiconductors (electronics).

- The size of the cabinets is reduced

electrical.

- The number of breakdowns due to

component wear.

- Problem: lack of flexibility: a system

control only serves one application
specific, and is not reusable.
• YEAR 1968: NEEDS AND
SOLUTIONS
- Ford and General Motors raise the
specifications that a
programmable electronic controller for
be really useful in the industry.
• Fundamentally, the need for
programming.
- Bedford associates develops a prototype
industrial controller
- It can be considered the first PLC of
the history. (programmable logic controller
or industrial programmable automaton)
- Characteristics such as those claimed by the
industry:
• Reusable.
• Adapted to aggressive environments
(industry)
• Easily programmable by technicians
electrical.
• Implemented with state electronics
solid (semiconductors)
- The first PLCs were used to
control sequential processes (chains
assembly, transport, etc).
- Problem: wired memory, the
reuse is possible but expensive.
 • PRINCIPLES 70: THE
MICROPROCESSOR

- First digital computers.

- More flexibility due to the ease of
programming (memories disappear
wired).
- Problem: not usable in the industry
due to lack of robustness, difficulty of
connection to mechanical equipment
and difficulty
programming.
 • MID 70's

- The automatons incorporate the

microprocessor.
- Can be reprogrammed without rewiring
(increases flexibility).
- They allow to carry out mathematical
calculations.
- They can communicate with a computer
central (computer in charge of controlling
the plant sending orders to the
automatons
that govern each process)
 • AÑOS 80: CONTINÚAN LAS
MEJORAS

- Higher process speed.

- Smaller dimensions.
- More complex control techniques (PID,
smart, fuzzy).
- Multiple languages (contacts, list
instructions, GRAFCET, etc)
Industrial Automation
in the 21st century

The main difference in industrial

automation is the volume of information
captured and recorded and the way in
which it is used to enhance the
effectiveness of operations and
processes. That is why today what was
previously traditional process automation
is called in other ways, names such as
Industrial IoT, Industry 4.0, Industrial
Internet of Things (IIoT), Digital Factory,
Operational IT or Connected Factory.
The way to acquire data, its volume and the way we use it to increase the effectiveness of
production facilities. This allows separate parts of a production line or manufacturing
process to communicate with each other in near real time making the entire process
much easier to monitor and control.
 Bibliography

[1]Ingeniería en la automatización
Artículo en línea:
https://www.lasalle.edu.co/ingenieria-enautomatizacion
[2]Automatización para Colombia.
Artículo en línea:
http://www.vanguardia.com/mundo/tecnologi
a/400493-automatizacion-una-necesidadpara-colombia
[3]Evolución de la automatización.
Artículo en línea:
http://www.reporteroindustrial.com/temas/Ev
olucion-de-la-automatizacionindustrial%2B98784