Lebanese French University

College of Education & Language

Department of Kurdish Department
First Stage
Title of Course: computer

Title should be:

COVID-19

Prepared : eman tahsen ahmed

Lecturer : Khadija muhamad Abdullah

Academic year: 2019-2020

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 COVID-19

WHAT IS COVID-19
Coronaviruses are an extensive family of viruses that can cause disease in humans or
animals. It is known that some coronaviruses can cause respiratory infections in humans from
the common cold to more serious pathological conditions, such as the Middle East respiratory
syndrome (MERS) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The last of the open
coronaviruses causes a disease called COVID-19.

WHAT IS COVID-19?

COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the last of the open viruses in the
coronavirus family. Before the outbreak of infection in Wuhan, China, in December
2019, no new virus and the disease it caused were known. Today, the outbreak of
COVID-19 has grown into a pandemic that has swept many countries around the world.

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF COVID-19?

The most common symptoms of COVID-19 include fever, dry cough, and fatigue. More
rare symptoms include joint and muscle pain, nasal congestion, headache,
conjunctivitis, sore throat, diarrhea, loss of taste or smell, rash and discoloration of the
skin on the fingers and toes. As a rule, these symptoms develop gradually and are
mild. In some infected individuals, the disease is accompanied by very mild symptoms.

Most patients (about 80%) recover spontaneously without the need for
hospitalization. In about one out of five cases, COVID-19 disease is severe and causes
respiratory failure. In older people, as well as people with concomitant diseases, such
as hypertension, heart or lung disease, diabetes or cancer, the likelihood of a severe
course of the disease is higher. Nevertheless, COVID-19 can become infected and
everyone can get seriously ill. People at any age should seek immediate medical
attention in case of fever and / or cough, accompanied by shortness of breath /
shortness of breath, pain / feeling of stuffiness in the chest, speech or movement
disorders. If possible, it is recommended to call a doctor by phone or pre-call the
hospital,

WHAT SHOULD I DO IF I HAVE COVID-19 SYMPTOMS AND WHAT

SHOULD I SEEK FOR MEDICAL CARE?

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If you have mild symptoms, such as a mild cough or a slight increase in body
temperature, there is usually no need to seek medical help. Observe self-isolation at
home and watch for symptoms. Follow the authorities recommendations regarding self-
isolation. However, if malaria or dengue fever is circulating in your area of residence, a
symptom such as fever should not be ignored. See a doctor. When visiting a medical
institution, you must wear a mask and, if possible, keep at least 1 meter from other
people, and do not touch objects and surfaces with your hands. If a child falls ill, help
him follow these recommendations.

In the event of shortness of breath or pain / a feeling of stuffiness in the chest, you
should immediately seek medical help. If possible, a doctor should be contacted by
phone, which will allow him to refer you to a specialized medical institution.

HOW DOES COVID-19 DISTRIBUTE?

COVID-19 can be infected from a person infected with the virus. The disease is
transmitted mainly from person to person through small droplets secreted by infected
COVID-19 from the nose or mouth when coughing, sneezing or talking. Due to their
relatively large mass, these droplets do not scatter over a considerable distance and
quickly fall down. COVID-19 infection can occur as a result of inhalation of air containing
droplets released from the patient's respiratory tract. That is why it is necessary to stay
at least 1 meter away from a sick person. These drops can settle on objects and
surfaces surrounding the patient, such as tables, door handles and stair handrails. As a
result, others can become infected with COVID-19 by touching these objects or
surfaces first, and then their eyes, mouth or nose.

WHO is analyzing ongoing studies on COVID-19 transmission mechanisms and will

publish new data as it becomes available.

CAN COVID-19 BE INFECTED FROM A PERSON WHO DOES NOT HAVE

ANY SYMPTOMS?

The main route of transmission of COVID-19 is via airborne droplets, i.e. through drops
that are released from the respiratory tract of a person who has a cough or other
symptoms, such as fever or fatigue. Many infected with COVID-19 have only mild
symptoms. This is especially characteristic of the early stages of the disease. COVID-19

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can be infected by someone who has only a slight cough and otherwise does not feel
sick.

Some data indicate the possibility of virus infection from a person with an asymptomatic
course of the disease. How often this happens is still unknown. WHO is analyzing
ongoing research on this issue and will continue to publish new data as it becomes
available.

HOW TO PROTECT YOURSELF AND THE ENVIRONMENT IF IT IS NOT

KNOWN WHO IS INFECTED AND WHO IS NOT?

The best way to protect yourself and others is Strict adherence to the rules of hand
hygiene and respiratory hygiene.

If possible, keep at least one meter away from others. This is especially important if a
coughing or sneezing person is nearby. Since some infected symptoms may not yet be
present or the disease is mild, maintaining physical distance with all people without
exception is the right step for those in the area where COVID-19 is circulating.

WHAT TO DO IF I HAVE CLOSE CONTACTS WITH A COVID-19

INFECTED PERSON?

If you were in close contact with a person infected with COVID-19, you may also have
been infected.

Close contact refers to living together with a patient or staying less than 1 meter from a
patient with COVID-19. In this case, self-isolation at home is the best solution.

However, if malaria or dengue fever is circulating in your area of residence, a symptom

such as fever should not be ignored. See a doctor. When visiting a medical institution,
you must wear a mask and, if possible, keep at least 1 meter from other people, and do
not touch objects and surfaces with your hands. If a child falls ill, help him follow these
recommendations.

If you do not live in the area of malaria or dengue, you must follow these steps:

• If you become ill, you should insulate yourself at home, even if you have only mild symptoms,
such as a slight fever and pain in your muscles and joints.

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• If these symptoms appear, even if it seems to you that you have not been in contact with a
COVID-19 patient, you should still isolate yourself at home and carefully monitor your condition.
• In the early stages of the disease, when only mild symptoms appear, the likelihood of
transmission of the virus to others is higher; therefore, quick self-isolation at the first sign of an
illness is a very important measure.
• If you have no symptoms but have been in contact with an infected person, you should be
quarantined for 14 days.

If, according to the results of laboratory testing, it was confirmed that you had been ill with
COVID-19, as a precaution, you should self-insulate for 14 days even after the symptoms
disappear, since it is not yet known for how long the ill person can remain contagious. Follow
the authorities' recommendations for a self-isolation regime.

WHAT DOES “SELF-INSULATION” MEAN?

Self-isolation is an important preventive measure taken independently by people with

COVID-19 symptoms to prevent infection of others, including family members.

With self-isolation, a person with fever, cough, or other symptoms of COVID-19 stays at
home and does not go to work, study, or in public places. This can be done voluntarily
or as recommended by a doctor. However, if malaria or dengue fever is circulating in
your area of residence, a symptom such as fever should not be ignored. It is necessary
to consult a doctor. When visiting a medical institution, you must wear a mask and, if
possible, stay at least 1 meter away from other people, and do not touch objects and
surfaces with your hands. If a child falls ill, help him follow these recommendations.

If you do not live in the area of malaria or dengue, you must follow these steps:

• Self-isolation should remain for those who have a mild form of the disease (medical care is not
required)
o It is necessary to stay in a single, spacious and well-ventilated room with hand hygiene
products and a bathroom.
o If there is no separate room, a distance of at least 1 meter between the beds must be
provided.
o Keep at least 1 meter from others, even family members.
o Monitor your symptoms daily.
o Self-isolation for 14 days is necessary even if you do not feel any signs of illness.
o If you develop shortness of breath, consult a doctor immediately, if possible by telephone.

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o Try to maintain a positive mood and cheerfulness: keep in touch with loved ones by phone or
via the Internet and exercise at home.

WHAT TO DO IF THERE IS NO SYMPTOMS, BUT IS SUSPECTED TO

CONTACT A PATIENT WITH COVID-19? WHAT DOES SELF-
QUARANTINE MEAN?

Self-quarantine is the isolation of a person in contact with infected COVID-19, even in

the absence of symptoms . During self-quarantine, you should independently monitor
your health status and symptoms. The goal of self-quarantine is to prevent the further
spread of infection. Since infected COVID-19 can infect other people from the very first
days, self-quarantine can avoid further transmission.

Those who are on self-quarantine must:

• Stay in a single, spacious and well-ventilated area with hand hygiene products and a
bathroom.
• If there is no separate room, provide a distance of at least 1 meter between the beds.
• Keep at least 1 meter from others, even family members.
• Monitor symptoms daily.
• Observe self-quarantine for 14 days, even if there are no signs of illness.
• If you develop shortness of breath, consult a doctor immediately, if possible by telephone.

• Try to maintain a positive mood and energy: keep in touch with loved ones by phone
or via the Internet and exercise at home.

However, if malaria or dengue fever is circulating in your area of residence, a symptom such as
fever should not be ignored. See a doctor. When visiting a medical institution, you must wear a
mask and, if possible, keep at least 1 meter from other people, and do not touch objects and
surfaces with your hands. If a child falls ill, help him follow these recommendations.

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SELF-INSULATION, SELF-

QUARANTINE AND SOCIAL DISTANCE?

Quarantine means restricting the activity or physical isolation of people who do not have
signs of illness, but who have had likely contact with the source of COVID-19. The goal
of this measure is to prevent the spread of the disease at the earliest stage, when
people first appear symptoms.

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Isolation means limiting the contact of patients with COVID-19 symptoms to prevent
further spread of the disease.

Social distance involves maintaining a safe distance from others. WHO recommends

being at least 1 meter away from others. Everyone should observe this rule regardless
of the presence / absence of signs of disease or contact with patients with COVID-19.

CAN CHILDREN OR TEENAGERS INFECT COVID-19?

Scientific evidence indicates that children and adolescents are at risk of infection to the
same extent as representatives of other age categories, and can also be a source of
further spread of the infection.

According to reports, children and young people are less likely to develop severe forms
of the disease, but severe cases of COVID-19 can also occur among representatives of
these age groups.

Children and adults should follow the same guidelines for self-quarantine and self-
isolation if they are likely to have contact with the patient or if they have symptoms of
the disease. It is especially important to exclude children from contact with the elderly,
as well as with those who are at risk of a more severe course of the disease.

HOW CAN I PROTECT MYSELF AND PREVENT THE DISEASE OF THE

DISEASE?

Stay current with information on the COVID-19 outbreak published on the WHO website
and distributed by national and local health authorities. Cases of COVID-19 have been
reported in most countries of the world, and large outbreaks are reported in many
countries. The authorities of several countries were able to successfully slow down the
course of the outbreak on their territory. However, the situation remains unpredictable,
so you should regularly monitor the latest news about COVID-19.

Some simple preventative measures will reduce the risk of becoming infected with
COVID-19 or the further spread of the infection:

• Regularly and thoroughly wash your hands with alcohol-based hand antiseptics or wash them
with soap and water.

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 Source

https://www.who.int/ru/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public/q-a-
coronaviruses