Operating Systems

Assignment # 1
Submitted to: Ms Bakhtawar Seerat

Submitted by: Ramsha Malik

Registration No: (2018-BCS-035)

Department of Computer Science

Date: 17-10-2020
Operating System:

“Software that interfaces with the hardware and enables other programmes to run is an
operating system, or "OS." It consists of applications for the device, or the simple files that
your machine requires to boot up and run. An operating system that offers simple features for
the user is included with any desktop computer, notebook, and smartphone.”

Working:

An operating system provides powerful advantages to the development of the computer

software and services. Every programme will need to have its own UI without an operating
system, as well as the program controls required to manage all of the corresponding
computer's low-level features, such as disc storage, network interfaces, and so on. This will
massively inflate the scale of each programme and make software creation impossible, given
the large amount of hardware resources available.
Common operating Systems:

Common desktop operating systems include Windows, OS X, and Linux. While each OS is
different, most provide a graphical user interface, or GUI, that includes a desktop and the
ability to manage files and folders. They also allow you to install and run programs written for
the operating system. Windows and Linux can be installed on standard PC hardware, while
OS X is designed to run on Apple systems. Therefore, the hardware you choose affects what
operating system(s) you can run.

Operating systems that have a GUI that can run software include handheld computers, such as
tablets and smartphones. Android, iOS, and Windows Phone are common smartphone OSes.
These OSes are primarily created for handheld devices and are thus built around the feedback
of the touchscreen. Although several features seen in desktop OSes were absent from early
mobile operating systems, they now have enhanced functionality, such as the ability to run
third party applications and run several applications at once.

Here are some common operating systems:

1. Microsoft Windows:

Windows is the most common and known operating system. It was operating software
which fuel the computer systems all over the world through Windows 95 to Windows 10.
It is user-friendly, and it easily begins & resumes activities. More integrated protection for
you and your data is included in the new models.

In the mid-1980s, Microsoft developed the Windows operating system. Many various
versions of Windows have also been released, but Windows 10 (released in 2015),
Windows 8 (2012), Windows 7 (2009), and Windows Vista (2007) are the most recent. On
most fresh PCs, Windows comes pre - installed, which helps make it the world's most
common operating system.

 User Interface:
  Features:
o A comprehensive user interface that allows faster access by listing options and
representing programmes, with a start menu on the left side.
o The Task View function helps users to transition between several workspaces at
once by viewing all Windows programmes that are open.
o Two different user interfaces, one for mouse and keyboard, and one for
touchscreens, the 'Tablet Mode.'
o Multifactor authentication technologies for better security, such as BIN, PIN,
identification of fingerprints, etc.
o Device files are compressed dynamically to decrease the disc footprint.
 Findings:

The app for Windows is literally the best regardless of how it has developed over time.
Its protection technology is state-of-the-art, and its user interface makes it easy to use
regardless of the computer on which you are using it. Its price is the only thing that can
squeeze some.

2. LINUX (Ubuntu):

A family of open-source operating systems, Linux (pronounced LINN-ux) ensures that

they can be updated and spread by anybody around the world. This is distinct from free
technology that can only be changed by the corporation that owns it, such as Windows.
The benefits of Linux are that it is free, and you can pick from several different versions.

Ubuntu is a Linux-based OS that comes with everything in an operating system that you
are looking for. For organisations, schools and home use, it is fine. Downloading, using
and uploading is free and that alone should be worth trying this app out.
  User Interface:

 Features:
o Ubuntu is an Open Source programme that encourages its users to freely download,
access and distribute it.
o It comes with an optimised firewall and software for virus security, making it the
most stable OS available.
o You get five years of patches and upgrades for defence.
o Ubuntu is totally localised into 50 languages.
o It runs on all the new notebooks, desktops and touch screen applications and is
compatible with them.
 Findings:

Ubuntu is a perfect alternative for those with pocket gaps. Its open-source function is
sufficiently appealing to draw many consumers. But, by delivering a stable interface
and security capabilities that are too difficult to move on, it also compensates for
consistency.

3. Mac OS:

MacOS (formerly OS X) is an Apple-created line of operating systems. For all Macintosh

computers, or Macs, it comes preloaded. Mojave (released in 2018), High Sierra (2017),
and Sierra (2016) are only some of the specific models.

MacOS users account for fewer than 10 percent of global operating systems, far smaller
than the number of Windows users (more than 80 per cent), according to Stat-Counter
Global Figures. One explanation for this is that it appears to be more costly for Apple
 computers. Many individuals, however, enjoy the look and sound of MacOS over
Windows.

 User Interface:

 Features:
o The new dark mode brings a more dramatic look to your desktop GUI, which is
smoother for the eyes.
o A customizable workspace that helps to arrange your workspace files by type, date
or tag automatically.
o A continuity camera that scans or captures a text near your iPhone and displays on
your Mac automatically.
o Using the MAC app store to explore handpicked software.
o The new iTunes helps users to scan for tracks that have few lyrics.
o When making your profile more private online, keep websites from monitoring
your Mac.
 Findings:

The best achievement for Mac is how innovative the look and feel of the GUI is. It is
undoubtedly one of today's best-looking OSs. Apple is now encouraging its customers
to get their hands on this OS and all its updates for free, and this has alleviated a great
deal of pressure on Apple users who are now heavily charged for Apple products.

4. Fedora:
 Another Linux-based framework that offers the open-source functionality of Ubuntu a run
for money is Fedora. Fedora is stable, user-friendly, and makes every laptop and desktop
computer a powerful operating system.

 User Interface:

 Features:
o A new fancy user interface that allows users to concentrate on the world of Gnome
3 for their code.
o It provides a full open-source toolbox with all languages, software, and resources
only a click away.
o To get virtual machines up and running, dive into strong virtualization tools.
o Containerize your own software or use OCI (Open Container Initiative) image
support to deploy applications out of the box.
 Findings:

Fedora fits well for developers in the business world, even though it is still ideal for
personal usage. It has all the software and services that a developer requires for their
projects to work on and is cost-free.

5. Solaris:

Solaris is an operating system based on UNIX that was originally developed in the
mid-'90s by Sun Microsystems. Since Oracle purchased Sun Microsystems, it was
 renamed Oracle Solaris in 2010. It is known for its scalability and many other functions,
such as Dtrace, ZFS and Time Slider, that have made it possible.

 User Interface:

 Features:
o It offers the world's most sophisticated security capabilities, such as process and
user rights management, enabling you to protect mission-critical information.
o It provides web, database, and java-based services with undeniable performance
benefits.
o Delivers high-performance, no-change networking.
o Unlimited ability to better handle files and file systems.
o It allows smooth inter-operability to address hundreds of problems with hardware
and applications.
 Findings:

Most of them consider Oracle Solaris to be one of the best open source OSs in the
field. It facilitates scalability, interoperability, data storage and stability, both of which
are essential for organisations needing high-end operational applications.

6. Free BSD:
 FreeBSD is an open source programme based on Free UNIX, as the name implies. It is
compliant with a range of systems and focuses mostly on features including speed and
reliability. This software's most interesting aspect is its roots. It was developed by a wide
group at the University of California.

 User Interface:

 Features:
o Advanced networking, compatibility, and security capabilities that are still lacking
today in many operating systems.
o Ideal for internet and intranet services and able to accommodate massive loads and
control memory effectively for multiple simultaneous users to ensure successful
responses.
o Advanced embedded catering platform for Intel-based higher-end appliances.
o Fast to update with FTP and NPS via CD-ROM, DVD, or directly over the
network.
 Findings:

The greatest appeal of Free BSD is its potential to offer a stable operating system,
provided that it was developed by a large student population. It is ideal for networking,
which is compatible and very easy to install across several computers.

7. Chrome OS:
 Another Linux-kernel based operating programme developed by Google is Chrome OS. It
uses the Google Chrome web browser as its primary user interface, as it is derived from
the free Chromium OS. This OS supports online applications mainly.

 User Interface:

 Features:
o An advanced media player that helps users to play MP3s when offline, view JPEG
'S and manage other multimedia files.
o External application control and control to a virtual machine.
o Chrome OS is designed to be compliant with all software operating on Android.
o Chrome OS makes it easy to run Linux software.
 Findings:

Chrome OS is a well-functioning operating programme, but there is still a lot of

commitment to what it will actually become. It is fine for multi-media, Linux and
Android apps for the time being. For the other functionality, we're just going to have to
wait and see.

8. CentOS:
CentOS is another free software open source powered by the crowd that enables
comprehensive platform management. For developers who are looking for an operating
system that actually lets them fulfil their coding duties, it is best. That's not to suggest that
those who actually wish to use it for mundane reasons have little to sell.

 User Interface:

 Features:
o Extensive tools for coders trying to build, evaluate and release their scripts.
o Advanced networking, compatibility, and security capabilities are still lacking
today in many operating systems.
o It ensures smooth interoperability by addressing hundreds of issues with hardware
and applications.
o It offers the world's most comprehensive security capabilities, such as procedure
and user rights management, allowing you to protect mission-critical information.

 Findings:

In addition to personal and home use, CentOS is recommended to coders. CentOS

simplifies and speeds up their coding jobs. It is, moreover, free.
9. Debian:

Again, Debian is a free open-source Linux kernel based OS. It comes with more than
59,000 packages and is a pre-compiled programme packed in a friendly format. It is easy
to install and provides an interface that is user-friendly.

 User Interface:
  Features:
o Faster and lighter than any other OS, regardless of the speed of the CPU.
o To secure valuable info, it comes with in-built security firewalls.
o Easy to install using any medium.
o Advanced networking, compatibility, and security capabilities that are still lacking
today in many operating systems.
 Findings:

Debian may not be the most flexible of the operating systems described above, but if
you are short on resources, its free open source feature makes it something that you
can consider.

10.Deepin:

Debian may not be the most flexible of the operating systems mentioned above, but if
you're low on cash, its free open source feature makes it something you can consider.

 User Interface:

 Features:
o User-Aesthetics Comfortable and Durable.
o Advanced features for security.
o Easy process for installation.
o Home of custom Deepin software such as font installer, file manager, snapshot, Deepin
video recording, speech recording, photo and movie viewer, etc.
 Findings:
Deepin will qualify very well as a small niche OS of its own. It is free and builds on much of
Debian 's shortcomings. With further updates, it will contend in no time with the top operating
systems like Windows and Mac.