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Materials Science & Engineering: Course Objective... You Will Learn About
Materials Science & Engineering: Course Objective... You Will Learn About
Course Objective...
Introduce fundamental concepts in Material Science &
Engineering
You will learn about:
• material structure
• how structure dictates properties
• how processing can change structure
This course will help you to:
• use materials properly
• realize new design opportunities with materials
Chapter 1 - a
Materials Science & Engineering
Course Objective...
Lecture Learning Objectives
Chapter 1 -
a
LECTURES
Lecturer: Bennie Hamunzala
Time: 07:00 – 09:00 & 13:00 – 17:00
PLEASE BE ON TIME AS AGREED
Location: G 51
Activities:
• Present new material
• Announce reading and homework
• Take quizzes and midterms*
Chapter 1 -
OFFICE HOURS
10:00-12:00 Wednesday
Activities:
• Discuss homework, quizzes, exams
• Discuss lectures
• Request for any missed softcopy lecture
Chapter 1 - e
COURSE MATERIAL
Required text:
• Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction
W.D. Callister, Jr., 9th edition,
Chapter 1 - f
GRADING
Assignments (10): 5%
Quizzes (10): 5%
Partial Test 1: 5%
Partial Test 2: 5%
Test 1: 10%
Test 2: 10%
Exam: 60%
Chapter 1 - 10
Introduction
Concepts to note:
• Virtually all important properties of solid materials
may be grouped into six different categories:
mechanical, electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical, and
deteriorative.
Chapter 1 - 12
Introduction
Concepts to note:
• For optical properties, the stimulus is electromagnetic
or light radiation; index of refraction and reflectivity
are representative optical properties.
Arrangement of its
internal components
Chapter 1 -
Four Elements of Materials Science
Data obtained from Figs. 1.2
Callister & Rethwisch 9e .
1. in-service conditions;
Chapter 1 -
WHY STUDY MATERIALS SCIENCE AND
ENGINEERING?
(d)
600
Hardness (BHN)
30 m
500 (c)
Data obtained from Figs. 10.30(a)
400 (b) and 10.32 with 4 wt% C composition,
(a) and from Fig. 11.14 and associated
4 m discussion,Callister & Rethwisch 8e .
300 Micrographs adapted from (a) Fig.
10.19; (b) Fig. 9.30;(c) Fig. 10.33;
30 m and (d) Fig. 10.21,Callister &
200 30 m Rethwisch 8e .
100
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Cooling Rate (ºC/s)
• Processing can change structure
ex: structure vs cooling rate of steel
Chapter 1 - 18
Concept Map
Chapter 1 -
THE TRASHCAN I: THE CAN
• Concept Map
– Metal
– Inorganic
– Crystalline
– Synthetic
Metal
Chapter 1 -
THE TRASHCAN II: THE RUST
• Concept Map
– Non-Metal
– Inorganic
– Crystalline
– Naturally Occurring
– Mineral
Crystalline Ceramic
Chapter 1 -
THE TRASHCAN III: THE LINER
• Concept Map
– Non-Metal
– Organic
– Amorphous
– Synthetic
– Polymer
Polymer
Chapter 1 -
Types of Materials
Chapter 1 - 28
ENGINEERED MATERIALS
• ALLOYS
• COMPOSITES
Chapter 1 -
SEMICONDUCTORS
Solar Cells
OLED
Technology
Chapter 1 -
BIOMATERIALS
Example – Hip Implant
• With age or certain illnesses joints deteriorate.
Particularly those with large loads (such as hip).
Chapter 1 - 31
Adapted from Fig. 22.25,Callister 7e.
Example – Hip Implant
• Requirements
– mechanical
strength (many
cycles)
– good lubricity
– biocompatibility
Chapter 1 - 32
Example – Hip Implant
Femoral
Stem
Adapted from chapter-opening
photograph, Chapter 22,Callister 7e.
Chapter 1 - 34
BIOMIMETICS
Some paints and roof tiles have
been engineered to be self-
cleaning by copying the
mechanism from the lotus
Lotus Chapter
leaf 1surface
-
Nanotechnology
Definition
The art and science of building stuff that does
stuff at the nanometer scale.
R. Smalley, Rice University
Nobel Prize Winner
Chapter 1 -
Size Comparisons
Chapter 1 -
Same Story
Chapter 1 -
SOLAR CELLS
Nanotechnology enhancements provide:
Improved efficiencies: novel
nanomaterials can harness
more of the sun’s energy
Lower costs: some novel
nanomaterials can be made
cheaper than alternatives
Flexibility: thin film flexible
polymers can be
manipulated to generate
electricity from the sun’s
energy
Chapter 1 -
COMPUTING
Nanotechnology enhancements provide:
Faster processing speeds:
miniaturization allows more
transistors to be packed on a
computer chip
More memory: nanosized features
on memory chips allow more
information to be stored
Thermal management solutions
for electronics: novel carbon-
based nanomaterials carry away
heat generated by sensitive
electronics
Chapter 1 -
CLOTHING
Nanotechnology enhancements provide:
Anti-odor properties: silver
nanoparticles embedded in textiles
kill odor causing bacteria
Stain-resistance: nanofiber coatings
on textiles stop liquids from
penetrating
Moisture control: novel nanomaterials
on fabrics absorb perspiration and
wick it away
UV protection: titanium nanoparticles
embedded in textiles inhibit UV rays
from penetrating through fabric
Chapter 1 -
BATTERIES
Nanotechnology enhancements provide:
Higher energy storage capacity and
quicker recharge: nanoparticles or
nanotubes on electrodes provide high
surface area and allow more current to
flow
Longer life: nanoparticles on electrodes
prevent electrolytes from degrading so
batteries can be recharged over and
over
A safer alternative: novel nano-
enhanced electrodes can be less
flammable, costly and toxic than
conventional electrodes Chapter 1 -
SPORTING GOODS AND EQUIPMENT
Increased strength of
materials: novel carbon
nanofiber or nanotube-based
nanocomposites give the
player a stronger swing
Lighter weight materials:
nanocomposites are typically
lighter weight than their
macroscale counterparts
Chapter 1 -
CARS
Nanotechnology enhancements provide:
Chapter 1 -
THE ENVIRONMENT
Chapter 1 -
SOME FUTURE APPLICATIONS OF
NANOTECHNOLOGY
Chapter 1 -
BODY ARMOR
Nanotechnology enhancements will provide:
Miniaturization: nanoscale
fabrication methods that can be
used to make smaller sensors that
can be hidden and integrated into
various objects
Chapter 1 -
NEXT GENERATION COMPUTING
Chapter 1 -
NANOROBOTICS
Nanotechnology enhancements will provide:
Miniaturized fabrication of
complex nanoscale systems:
nanorobots that propel
through the body and detect/
cure disease or clandestinely
enter enemy territory for a
specific task
Manipulation of tools at very
small scales: nanorobots that
help doctors perform sensitive
surgeries
Chapter 1 -
Carbon Nanotube-based Gears
Chapter 1 -
MORE ENERGY/ENVIRONMENT
APPLICATIONS…
CO2 emiss
ion r
e du cti
o n: na no
materi
a
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ha
t
d
oa
bet
ter j
obrem ov i
n gC O 2fro mp
o werp
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au
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Stronger, more efficient power transmission cables:
synthesized with nanomaterials
Chapter 1 -
CHAPTER 1: MATERIALS SCIENCE &
ENGINEERING
Materials are...
engineered structures...not blackboxes!
Structure...has many dimensions...
Chapter 1 - 59
ELECTRICAL
• Electrical Resistivity of Copper:
6 Adapted from Fig. 18.8,Callister &
i
5 2 a t %N Rethwisch 8e. (Fig. 18.8 adapted
Ann Physik 5, 219
from: J.O. Linde,
.3
+3 (1932); and C.A. Wert and R.M.
Cu Ni Physics of Solids , 2nd
Resistivity,
Thomson,
4 t %
16 a Ni
(10-8 Ohm-m)
polycrystal: polycrystal:
single crystal low porosity high porosity
Chapter 1 - 61
DETERIORATIVE
• Stress & Saltwater... • Heat treatment: slows
-- causes cracks! crack speed in salt water!
increasing load
Adapted from Fig. 11.20(b), R.W. Hertzberg, "Deformation and
Fracture Mechanics of Engineering Materials" (4th ed.), p. 505, John
Adapted from chapter-opening photograph, Wiley and Sons, 1996. (Original source: Markus O. Speidel, Brown
Chapter 16,Callister & Rethwisch 3e. Boveri Co.)
(from Marine Corrosion, Causes, and Prevention ,
4 m
John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1975.)
-- material:
7150-T651 Al "alloy"
(Zn,Cu,Mg,Zr)
Chapter 1 - 63
SUMMARY
• In terms of (and with increasing)
dimensionality, structural elements include
subatomic, atomic microscopic, and
macroscopic.
Chapter 1 - 64
SUMMARY
• The performance of a material depends
on its properties, which in turn are a
function of its structure(s); furthermore,
structure(s) is (are) determined by how
the material was processed.
Chapter 1 - 66
SUMMARY
• Another materials category is the advanced
materials that are used in high-tech
applications, including semiconductors
(having electrical conductivities intermediate
between those of conductors and insulators),
biomaterials (which must be compatible with
body tissues), smart materials (those that
sense and respond to changes in their
environments in predetermined manners),
and nanomaterials (those that have structural
features on the order of a nanometer, some
of which may be designed on the atomic/
molecular level).
Chapter 1 - 67
SUMMARY
Course Goals:
• Use the right material for the job.
Chapter 1 - 68
ASSIGNMENT 1
QUESTION FROM CHAPTER 1 & 2
QUESTIONS
1.5
2.9
2.13
2.16
2.23
2.24
2.25
2.27 Chapter 1 - 69