Level-I

Chapter 1

Basics of Mathematics

Solutions (Set-1)

Very Short Answer Type Questions :

1. Write the given sets in roster form.

(i) {x : x  N, 2 < x < 9}

(ii) {x : x is a letter in the word EXECUTION}

Sol. (i) {3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}

(ii) {E, X, C, U, T, I, O, N}

2. Write all the proper subsets of given set

A = {x : x is a letter of the word “GOD”}

Sol. A = {G, O, D}

Proper subsets of A are

, {G}, {O}, {D}, {G, O}, {G, D}, {O, D}

3. Let A = {x : 4x = 20}. Is A = 5? If not, explain.

Sol. A = {x : 4x = 20}

A = {5}

No, A  5 but rather it is a singleton set containing the element 5.

4. Which of the following set(s) is null set?

A = {x : x R, x < 5 and x = 25}

B = {x : x R, x2 < 0}

C = x : x = 2x – 3, x R}

Sol. A = 

B=

C = {3}

So, A and B are null set

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 2 Basics of Mathematics Solutions of Assignment (Level-I) (Set-1)

5. If A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, B = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} and C = {2, 4, 8, 10} then verify that A  (B  C) = (A  B) 

(A C).

Sol. A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, B = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}, C = {2, 4, 8, 10}

L.H.S. = A (B C)

= A  {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10}

= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

= A

R.H.S. = (A B) (A C)

= {1, 3, 5} {2, 4}

= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

= A = L.H.S.

Hence, verified.

6. Draw the Venn diagram of (A B).

Sol. The shaded area represents (A B).

U
A B

7. If n(A B) = 30, n(A) = 20, n(B) = 12, then find n(A B).

Sol. n(A B) = n(A) + n(B) – n(A B)

 30 = 20 + 12 – n(A B)

 n(A B) = 32 – 30

 n(A B) = 2

8. If n(P(A)) = 128 then find the number of elements in set A.

Sol. Let the number of elements of A be m

n(P(A)) = 128

 2m = 128

 2m = 27

 m=7

9. Write the following intervals in set builder form.

(i) (– , 6)

(ii) [–9, 4)

Sol. (i) {x : x R, x < 6}

(ii) {x : x R, –9 x < 4}

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Solutions of Assignment (Level-I) (Set-1) Basics of Mathematics 3
Short Answer Type Questions :

10. If n(U) = 35, n(A) = 10, n(B) = 15 and n(A B) = 15 then find n(A B).

Sol. n(U) = 35, n(A) = 10

n(B) = 15, n(A B) = 15

n(A) = n(U) – n(A) n(B) = n(U) – n(B)

 10 = 35 – n(A)  15 = 35 – n(B)

 n(A) = 25  n(B) = 20

So, n(A B) = n(A) + n(B) – n(A B)

 n(A B) = 25 + 20 – 15

 n(A B) = 30

11. Let A = {1, 2, {5, 6}, 7}. Which of the following statements are not true and why?

(i) {1, 2} A

(ii) {1, 2, 7} A

(iii) {5, 6}A

(iv) {}A

Sol. (i) False, 1, 2 are elements of A but set {1, 2} is not element of A, so, {1, 2}A.

(ii) {1, 2, 7} A. true

(iii) False, {5, 6} A because {5, 6} is an element of set A {{5, 6}}A.

(iv) {}A is not true,  is subset of every set

Let set {} is not

12. From the given Venn diagram, determine the following sets.

U
2 3
1
A B 0
7 8
4
5 6 9

(i) A B

(ii) A B

(iii) A – B

(iv) (A B)

Sol. (i) A B = {2, 4, 1, 7, 3, 8, 0}

(ii) A B = {1, 7}

(iii) A – B = {2, 4}

(iv) (A  B) = {2, 4, 5, 6, 3, 8, 0, 9}

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 4 Basics of Mathematics Solutions of Assignment (Level-I) (Set-1)

13. State which of the following are finite sets.

(i) {x : x  N and (x – 3) (x – 4) = 0}
(ii) {x : x N and x is a prime number}
(iii) {x : x N and x2 < 0}
(iv) {x : x N and 3x2 – 27 = 0}
Sol. (i) The given set is {3, 4}. Hence, it is finite.
(ii) The given set is the set of all prime numbers and it is infinite.
(iii) The given set is  so, it is finite.
(iv) The given set is {3, –3}. Hence it is finite.
14. The universal set U = {x : x is a letter in ‘AN EXCELLENT BOOK’}
P = {x : x is a letter in word ‘TALENT’}
Q = {x : x is a letter in the word ‘BANANA’}
Draw the Venn diagram and find the following:
(i) P Q
(ii) (P Q)
Sol. U = {A, E, X, C, L, N, T, B, O, K}
P = {T, A, L, E, N}
Q = {B, A, N}
U
P Q
L
A
T B
N
E
X C O K

(i) P Q = {T, A, L, E, N, B}

(ii) (P Q) = {T, L, E, X, C, B, O, K}
15. If n(U) = 50, n(A) = 30, n(A B) = 15, n((A B)) = 10 then find (i) n(B), (ii) n(B – A).
Sol. (i) n(U) = 50, n(A) = 30, n(A B) = 15
n((A B)) = 10
 n(U) – n(A B) = 10
 50 – n(A B) = 10
 n(A B) = 40
and n(A B) = n(A) + n(B) – n(A B)
 40 = 30 + n(B) – 10
 n(B) = 40 – 20
 n(B) = 20
(ii) n(B – A) = n(B) – n(A B)
= 20 – 10 = 10

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Solutions of Assignment (Level-I) (Set-1) Basics of Mathematics 5
16. For any set A, B, C, show the following through Venn diagram.
(i) A (B C)
(ii) [(A B)C]

Sol.
U U
A B A B

C C

(i) A (B C) (ii) [(A B) C]

17. If U = the set of all numbers in natural number system

A = {x : x is a prime number}
B = {x : x is an even number}
Then verify, the following
(i) (A  B) = A B
(ii) A – B = B – A
Sol. U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, …}
A = {2, 3, 5 ,7, 11, 13, …}
B = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, …}
(i) L.H.S. = (A B)
= {2}
= {1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,…}
R.H.S. = A  B
= {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, …}{2, 4, 6, 8, …}
= {1, 4, 6, 9, 10, …} {1, 3, 5, 7, …}
= {1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, …}
= L.H.S.
Hence, L.H.S. = R.H.S. verified
(ii) L.H.S. = A – B
= {1, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, …} – {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, …}
= {4, 6, 8, 10, …}
R.H.S. = B – A
= {2, 4, 6, 8,…} – {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, …}
= {4, 6, 8, 10, …}
= L.H.S.
Hence verified

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 6 Basics of Mathematics Solutions of Assignment (Level-I) (Set-1)

18. Let U = {x : x  N and n  8}, A = {x : x  N and 5 < x2 < 50} B = {x : x is a prime x < 8}. Draw a venn
diagram to show the relation between the given sets and list the elements of the following.
(i) A – B
(ii) B
(iii) A
Sol. U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8} U A B
A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
4 3 2
B = {2, 3, 5, 7}
5
(i) A – B = {4, 6} 6 7
(ii) B = {1, 4, 6, 8}
1 8
(iii) A = {1, 2, 8}
19. If A B = U, then show that A B.
Sol. Let x B
 x  B (∵  B = B)
 x (A A)B {∵  = A  A}
 x (A B) (AB) (distributive law)
 x (A B)U {∵ A B = U given}
 x  (A B) {∵ A U = A}
B = A B
∵ A (A B)
So, A  B (∵ A B = B)
20. Using the property of sets prove that C – B C – A, if A B.
Sol. For all x  (C – B)
 x  C and x  B
 x  C and x  A (∵ A B)
 x  (C – A)
 (C – B)(C – A)
21. There are 300 members in a club, 120 of them drink tea and 80 drink tea but not coffee. If each member drinks
at least one beverage. Find
(i) How many drink coffee.
(ii) How many drink coffee, but not tea.
Sol. Let C and T be the set of people drinking coffee and tea respectively.
So, n(T) = 120 ; n(C T) = 300
(i) n(T – C) = 80
 n(T  C) – n(C) = 80
 300 – n(C) = 80
 n(C) = 300 – 80
 n(C) = 220

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Solutions of Assignment (Level-I) (Set-1) Basics of Mathematics 7
(ii) And, n(C – T) = n(T C) – n(T)
= 300 – 120 = 180
Hence the number of people drinking coffee = 220
Hence the number of people drinking coffee but not tea = 180.
22. In a group of 450 people, 200 speak Hindi only and 180 speak English only. If each person speak at least
one language then,
(i) How many can speak English?
(ii) How many can speak Hindi?
(iii) How many can speak both English and Hindi?
Sol. Let U be the set of all people in the group
H & E be the set of all people in the group who speak Hindi and English respectively
 n(U) = n(H E) = 450 (given)
(i) n(H – E) = 200 (given)
 n(H  E) – n(E) = 200
 450 – n(E) = 200
 n(E) = 250
(ii) n(E – H) = 180 (given)
 n(H E) – n(H) = 180
 450 – n(H) = 180
 n(H) = 270
(iii) n(H E) = n(H) + n(E) – n(H E)
 450 = 270 + 250 – n(H E)
 n(H E) = 520 – 450
 n(H E) = 70

Long Answer Type Questions :

23. For all sets P, Q, R. Is (P – Q) (R – Q) = (P R) – Q. Justify your answer.
Sol. Let x (P – Q)(R – Q)
 x P – Q and x R – Q
 (x P and x Q) and (x R and x Q)
 (x P and x R) and x Q
 x (PR) and x Q
 x (P R) – Q
So, (P – Q) (R – Q) (P R) – Q …(i)
Conversely,
Let y  (P R) – Q
 y  P R and y  Q

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 8 Basics of Mathematics Solutions of Assignment (Level-I) (Set-1)

 (y  P and y R) and y Q

 (y P and y  Q) and (y R and y Q)
 y (P – Q) and y (R – Q)
 y (P – Q) (R – Q)
So, P R – Q  (P – Q) (R – Q) …(ii)
From (i) & (ii) we get
(P – Q) (R – Q) = (P R) – Q.
24. Two finite sets have p and q elements respectively. The total number of subsets of first set is 224 more than
the total number of subsets of the second set. Find the values of p and q.
Sol. Let set A has p elements and set B has q elements
 n(A) = p and n(B) = q
So, n(P(A)) = 2p and n(P(B)) = 2q
It is given that n(P(A)) – n(P(B)) = 224
 2p – 2q = 224
 2q(2p – q – 1) = 32  7
 2q = 32 2p – q – 1 = 7
 q=5  2p – q = 23
 p=8
Here, p = 8, q = 5
25. For any sets, A, B, C prove that A – (B – C) = (A – B) (A C).
Sol. Let x  A – (B – C)
 x A  (B – C) (∵ A – B = A B)
 x A  (B  C)
 x A  (B  C) (By de Morgan’s law)
 x (A  B) (A  C) (Distributive law)
 x (A – B) (A C)
So, A – (B – C) (A – B) (A C) …(i)
Conversely,
Let y  (A – B) (A C)
 y  (A  B) (A C) (∵ A – B = A B)
 y  A  (B C) (Distributive law)
 y  A  (B C) (de Morgan’s law)
 y  A  (B – C)
 y  A – (B – C)
 (A – B) (A C) A – (B – C) …(ii)
From (i) & (ii) we get
A – (B – C) = (A – B) (A C)

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Solutions of Assignment (Level-I) (Set-1) Basics of Mathematics 9
26. A market research group conducted a survey of 3000 consumers and reported that 1860 consumers liked product
A and 1950 consumers liked product B. What is the least number of consumers that must have liked both
the products?
Sol. Let U be the set of all consumers surved.
Let A be the set of consumers who liked product A.
B be the set of consumers who liked product B.
n(U) = 3000
n(A) = 1860
n(B) = 1950
∵ Universal set is subset of all the sets under consideration.
A B U
n(A B) n(U)
 n(A) + n(B) – n(A B) n(U)
(∵ n(A B) = n(A) + n(B) – n(A B))
 1860 + 1950 – n(A B)  3000
 n(A B)  3810 – 3000
 n(A B)810
Hence, the least number of consumers that must have liked both the products be 810.
27. A, B, C are three sets and U is the universal set. Draw the Venn diagram to represent the following:
(i) (A – B)
(ii) A  (B C)
(iii) (A B)
Sol. (i) (A – B)

A B

(ii) A (B C)

U
A B

(iii) (A B)

A B

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10 Basics of Mathematics Solutions of Assignment (Level-I) (Set-1)

28. In an examination, 55% of the candidates failed in English and 48% failed in Science. If 15 percent failed in
both English and Science. Find the percentage of those who passed in both the subjects.
Sol. Let x be the total number of candidates in the exam.

Let M and S the set of candidates who passed in Mathematics and Science.

M is set of condidates who did not passed in Mathematics.

55 x
n(M )  (given)
100

 n(M) = n(U) – n(M)

55 x
 n(M) = x 
100

45 x
 n(M ) 
100

n(S) = 48% of total candidates

48 x
=
100

n(S) = n(U) – n(S)

48
 n(S) = x  x
100

52
 n(S )  x
100

∵ n(U) = n(M S)

 n(M S) = n(M) + n(S) – n(M S)

45 x 52 x
 x   n( M  S )
100 100

97
 n(M S) = x – x
100

3
 n(M S) = x
100

 (M S) = 3% of total candidates

Hence, 3% of candidates passed in Maths and Science both.

29. If A = set of letters in the word RAJASTHAN and

B = set of letters in the word AMRITSAR.

Verify the following results.

n(A – B) = n(A) – n(A B) = n(A B) – n(B)

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Solutions of Assignment (Level-I) (Set-1) Basics of Mathematics 11
Sol. A = {x : x is a letter of word RAJASTHAN}
A = {R, A, J, S, T, H, N}
 n(A) = 7
B = {x : x is a letter of word AMRITSAR}
= {A, M, R, I, T, S}
n(B) = 6
A B = {A, R, T, S}
n(A B) = 4
A – B = {J, H, N} (A B) = {R, A, J, S, T, H, N, I, M}
n(A – B) = 3 n(A B) = 9
n(A – B) = 3 …(i)
n(A) – n(A B) = 7 – 4 = 3 …(ii)
n(A B) – n(B) = 9 – 6 = 3 …(iii)
From (i), (ii) & (iii) we get
n(A – B) = n(A) – n(A B) = n(A B) – n(B)
30. Let A and B be two sets such that n(A – B) = 60 + 3x, n(B – A) = 8x and n(A B) = x – 4. Draw a venn
diagram to illustrate this information. If n(A) = n(B), then find
(i) The value of x
(ii) n(A B)
Sol. The Venn diagram represents the given data A B

(i) n(A) = n(A – B) + n(A B)

= 60 + 3x + x – 4 60 + 3x x – 4 8x

= 56 + 4x
n(B) = n(B – A) + n(A B)
= 8x + x – 4
= 9x – 4
But n(A) = n(B) given
 56 + 4x = 9x – 4
 5x = 60
 x = 12
(ii) n(A B) = n(A) + n(B) – n(A B)
= 56 + 4x + 9x – 4 – (x – 4)
= 56 + 12x
= 56 + 12 12
= 56 + 144
= 200

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12 Basics of Mathematics Solutions of Assignment (Level-I) (Set-1)

31. If X and Y are subsets of the universal set U, then show that
(i) Y X Y
(ii) X Y X
(iii) X Y X Y = X
Sol. (i) X Y = {x : x X or x Y}
Thus, x Y  x  X Y
Hence Y X Y
(ii) X  Y = {x : x X and x Y}
Thus, x X Y x X
Hence, X Y X
(iii) x  X Y x X
So, X Y X
∵ X Y
x  X x Y x X Y
XX Y
Hence, the result X = X Y follows.
32. Draw the venn diagram to illustrate the following relationship among A, M, F where A is the set of students
liking apple, M is the set of students liking mango, F is the set of all the students.
(i) All the students who like mango also like apple, but some students who like apple, do not like mango.
(ii) There is no student who like both mango and apple.
(iii) Some of the students like mango but do not like apple, some like apple but do not like mango, and some
like both.
(iv) Not all students like mango but every students liking apple also likes mango.

F F
A
Sol. (i) M (ii) A M

M A F A M =

F F

(iii) A M (iv) A M

A M  A M F

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 Level-I
Chapter 1

Basics of Mathematics

Solutions (Set-2)

 2n  1 
1. If B   x : x  , n  W and n  4  then B can be written as
 n  2 

 1 2 1  1 1 3   1 3 6   1 1 1 
(1) 6, , ,  (2)  , , , 1 (3) 3, , ,  (4)  , , ,1
 3 4 2 2 3 4   2 4 5 5 3 2 

Sol. Answer (2)

2n  1
Elements of B can be found by putting n = 0, 1, 2, 3 in .
n2

2. The set of the counting numbers which are multiples of 6 and less than 50 is written in set builder form as
(1) {x : x N and x is a multiple of 6} (2) {x : x = 6 and 0 < x < 50}
(3) {x : x is a multiple of 6 and 0 < x < 50, x  N} (4) {x : x is a multiple of 6 and x  50}
Sol. Answer (3)
3. If A is the set of days in a week, then set A is
(1) Empty set (2) Singleton set (3) Finite set (4) Infinite set
Sol. Answer (3)
4. Which of the following is a null set?

 1 9
(1)  x : x  Z and x  (2) {x : x  N and x – 4  15}
 2 2

(3) {x : x N, x < 5 and x > 8} (4) {x : x  N and x2 < 40}

Sol. Answer (3)
5. Let A = {x : x is a positive multiple of 2 less than 20, x N}, then n(A) is
(1) 7 (2) 8 (3) 6 (4) 9
Sol. Answer (4)
A = {x : x is a positive multiple of 2, 0 < x < 20, x N}
= {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18}
So n(A) = 9

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14 Basics of Mathematics Solutions of Assignment (Level-I) (Set-2)

6. If P = {x : x is a prime number less than 20} and M = {x : x is multiple of 6, 0 < x < 30} then
n(P) – n(M) is
(1) 2 (2) 4 (3) 5 (4) 8
Sol. Answer (2)
P = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19} n(P) = 8
M = {6, 12, 18, 24}n(M) = 4
n(P) – n(M) = 8 – 4 = 4
7. If A = {1, 2, 3}, then the number of elements in P(A) is
(1) 6 (2) 8 (3) 12 (4) 16
Sol. Answer (2)
n(A) = 3
n(P(A)) = 23 = 8.
8. If A = {x, y} then power set of A is
(1) {xy, yx} (2) {, x, y} (3) {, {x}, {2y}} (4) {, {x}, {y}, {x, y}}
Sol. Answer (4)
Power set is collection of all the subsets of given set.
9. Which of the following represents pair of equal sets?
(1) A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {x : x  N and x > 5}
(2) A = {B, O, W, L}, B = {x : x is a letter of the word ELBOW}
(3) A = {1, 4, 9, 16}, B = {x : x = n2, n  N and 0 < n < 5}
(4) A = , B = {O, E, A}
Sol. Answer (3)
A = {1, 4, 9, 16}
and B = {x : x = n2 and 0 < n < 5}
= {1, 4, 9, 16}
For all x A, x B A = B.
10. If A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {4, 5, 6}, C = {1, 2, 3, 9, 6} then which of the following is not true?
(1) A B (2) A C (3) A B (4) B C
Sol. Answer (3)
1 A but 1 B. So A B.
11. Let A be the sets of the letters in the word “RAIGARH” and B be the sets of the letters in the word
“PRATAPGARH” then n(A B) represents
(1) 7 (2) 6 (3) 4 (4) 3
Sol. Answer (3)
A = {R, A, I, G, H}
B = {P, R, A, T, G, H}
A B = {R, A, G, H}  n(A B) = 4.

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Solutions of Assignment (Level-I) (Set-2) Basics of Mathematics 15
12. If D = {x : x is divisible by 2 and 3 and 0 < x < 20} and B = {x : x is a multiple of 6 and 0 < x < 25} then
D – B is
(1)  (2) {2, 3} (3) {6, 12} (4) {6, 12, 18}
Sol. Answer (1)
D = {6, 12, 18}
B = {6, 12, 18, 24}
Then D – B = 
13. For any two sets A and B, A – B is equal to
(1) A – B (2) B–A (3) A – A (4) A – B
Sol. Answer (2)
A – B= (U – A) – (U – B) (∵ X = U – X)
=U–A–U+B
=B–A
14. For any two sets A and B, the value of [(A – B) B] is equal to
(1) A B (2) A B (3) A–B (4) B–A
Sol. Answer (2)
(A – B)B = (A  B)B
= (A B) (BB)
= (A B)(U)
= A B
15. If n(U) = 50, n(A) = 20, n((A B)) = 18 then n(B – A) is
(1) 14 (2) 12 (3) 16 (4) 20
Sol. Answer (2)
n((A B)) = 18
 n(U) – n(A B) = 18
 n(A B) = 32
n(B – A) = n(A B) – n(A) = 32 – 20 = 12
16. There are 280 members in a club, each have at least one beverage. 100 of them drink tea and 75 drink tea
but not coffee. Then the numbers of members drinking coffee is
(1) 100 (2) 150 (3) 105 (4) 205
Sol. Answer (4)
n(T C) = 280, n(T) = 100
n(T – C) = 75
 n(T C) – n(C) = 75
 280 – n(C) = 75
 n(C) = 280 – 75
 n(C) = 205
17. In a class of 60 students, 30 students like Mathematics, 25 like Science and 15 like both. Then, the number of
students who like either Mathematics or Science is
(1) 30 (2) 40 (3) 45 (4) 50
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16 Basics of Mathematics Solutions of Assignment (Level-I) (Set-2)

Sol. Answer (2)

n(U) = 60
m(M) = 30, n(S) = 25, n(M S) = 15
n(M S) = n(M) + n(S) – n(M S)
= 30 + 25 – 15
= 40
18. If a set has 2 elements then the difference between the subsets of its powers set and number of its subset is
(1) 2 (2) 8 (3) 10 (4) 12
Sol. Answer (4)
Number of subsets = 22 = 4
Number of subsets of power = 24 = 16

19. The set A = {x : ax = 1, a > 0, x  R } can never be

(1) Null set (2) Singleton set (3) Finite set (4) None of these
Sol. Answer (1)
ax = 1  x = 0, (a  1)
But if a = 1, then x  R, Hence the set can never be null

20. The value of ( A  B  C )  ( A  BC  C C )  C C is

(1) ( B  CC ) (2) (A  BC  CC) (3) (B C ) (4) ( A  B C )

Sol. Answer (2)
Since (A BCCC) CC = (A BC) ( CCCC) = A BCCC
Since A BCCC  A B C
Therefore (A B C) (A BCCC) = A BCCC
(A B C) (A BCCC) CC = A BCCC
But this is not given therefore if BCCC  A then
A BCCC = BCCC
21. If set A has 3 elements and set B has 6 elements then

(1) 6  n( A  B )  8 (2) 6  n( A  B )  9 (3) 0  n( A  B )  2 (4) 1  n( A  B )  3

Sol. Answer (2)

n(A) = 3, n(B) = 6
∵ n(A B) = n(A) + n(B) – n(A B)
If n(A B) = 0 then
n(A B) = n(A) + n(B) = 3 + 6 = 9
If n(A B) = 3 because it may be that AB
then n(A B) = 3 + 6 – 3 = 6
therefore 6  n(A B) 9
and 0 n(A B) 3

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