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WHI sat, ey A Sagi Bau yore sede HAA B. 153° Alka dad Ran (Law of Constant Proportion) : “AS we adword Wai ardeu eae] wu Fmt da 8.” AauPis Ae swEB[osheph Proust) (1754- 1826) ilu 3, sys alien ged da wae soja Eh werd Uae Sys sible weft era 8tare WHIRL a2 wheaine | ew | elon [area] CuCOs eat eh eat sed Bs | 5135 | 974 | 3891 sii wate oO | 5135 | 9.74 | 3891 Pood eter Beal eae Gert vat well (HO) WA afer Aiewds (HO, Razed Hag, well (HO) Bs eu et HAA B, 5 HOM 2.016 14 eS AA 16,00 sur Base alder dad. sterieh uaaulaa Rigid adel Pad arcu Peo! wey aud B, 24 Reaicr woud PaBiat delete ORs yumi dati Wzsetrededl ede ae wee DY B 2A A oe wud adler BA datieL eRe tral comet aie ve dai wee DAB, BR H, +40, =1,0 2 aad HO >i cede au ae HO = 21 ot auger AA eeteth 1:8 weustell awe aa H, 2 wut AO, 16 4B. 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C,0% 0 + 2Cl 16H 2x 355 =71 wid. 8-8 LON Wau 2C1 4 wu HCP CL Faq (35.5 wy) seal ua di 1,0 41 2iGaw 8 out aad, cell oir aleve seit WA sled A to eS aA Barres tee (arse) args 1241.8 aL dell HH O it 2 OUR WHE 1 HA 8 aL Aseudl HO Ma. Hd HO Hi Ye sIdJet wal Faretel ozo 2:164A 1:8 288, A Geren aud ad eave d. 1.6 wav em, aula en, ahaz en wr Marisern (Atomic Mass, Molecular Mass, Molar Mass and Mole Concept) CG wRWURAA Gm (URMIAOUR) = ser WHR Reid WU 2s arantl YHA Pld em da 8, FA uBUlRr em 43.8. WAMU eo Rs drat UNRUH suet afd 3. 20 RAR WRU ea DeaL AA ydet B. corut Asglize (Mass Spectrometer) Pt YRS Atl UR end Pla Ye Aad, ase 8. TUPAC 2 IUPAP c2sel 6. a. 1961 el Siskot- 12 NUR BF woul 120, Ati arc RUA eo adam 2a O. sibind WRUraaRerell wud sewel, MAL Bs PCB. GA walla vel Ad wR en 12 amu elaeavid 2u94 B.A veel Aon eet eer em a se, $9 end Troe MURA et wou PC on et Seal 1/12 9184 a (it : amu = atomic mass unit] RMIT ea RHA wlertl Unified mass eld a ak su" aut B, Tamu = 1.66056 x 10-7 904 eS rset Ss RDU, 4 = 1.6736 x 107 BUEL 1.6736 x 10™ su 1.66056 x 10 su = 1.0078 amu = 1,008 ama ns wen etn = aia Ud aR MOURA EL = 15.9950 = 1600 (2) mulBaa em (auour) : rept Wai regi woul end Gela 6 aulRe en aN 548 3, aug sure anac QA Aa aa 2a Weep SUA A MouRya WU ea B all cid wae, sai Bul em Amel asa B. Gla. (i) well HO of aula eng &. HO + ale en = 208 oul en) +0 4 wu en) = 2 (1.008u) + 1 (16 u) =18016u (ii) Qo = CypHig0,, 4 Ra ea yslord ula em = 12(C of woul ea) + 22( He WUReLeM) +11 OG ueulRaen) = 12(12u) + 22(1u) + 11160) = 144u + 22u +1760 = 342u (3) aaa etn 24 ee aiseunt : S1velA wud ala (Mole) 3 vende ved, calc wie weet ate Bed VL As 34 O. seweu Huda Yel ‘ugauey 3 angel sian well aN dae B. audara au WA amurd Guia sermys HA qaord oA Bd. ed aiouri aLasa OU Lacie aad 4g OA B. Bell da 20 ior rere 1AM, 121 HWA 1 rt, 144-iorouo 1 sla asd Gus aru ase aa 8, del Ja UaUals WBawAai aac vert rou rt Revel ealaani 1B. dg au eat aia woul 3 wep War da B. wg 3 ued aout assis YOUR cellaad la” SAA ap sear sued As Teri darweug, ay ae 2B wesselll oat 6022 x 10 de 3. 12st ab Acapella wel at 6.022 x 107A wuld aiell AA ae alld eedsrzaumti uel 8, aut aaa AAA ais Na’ 5d 8. Boat As RMI, em conuld Aadf2e & rartai 4 Yet 1.992648 x 10-2 aut wa 8. AAAQ ails carer gers eta Beat au aad acti ard aBe caladi adel Rawrated Mua edt 23 8, 602213670000000000000000 21a uot 42s sel Mou Holl AS As Pid verde As a oud 8. mu Wall sel ast 3, 1 Der eww = 6.022 x 10% wid dere Wem, 1 Alea well 2494 = 6.022 x 107 walla agg 1 ale aRuH sdlusds = 6.022 x 108 RAM sdladset EDD) 12 ar eat sleet wal ae LA wud lel ase: Ta cjen _ 80 woul AM = Sahai _ awe! 1. 992648% 1 nae 022 108 wag ale? Aer seid AO Gt A waa B = 3 2a ASL Seoul en ale ea 9 Ae aur, Bs Ae Rea 3 6.022 x 10” seit our aril Derour (oulBa our) 42 3. era 1.1: 100 sur sieht svdisaiss (CO,)ai subi Bear De 6 2 CO, aulBaen =44 meee! 8 dai War Car wemgyll sea a1, ae: CO, «4 CO; foul ea 100 = oe = 227 44 oder CO, 4 ea =CO, “tt Alea =C at sel (s12813 CO, Hi As ¥ CB.) 2 Cua =2.27 he Co uatugyll sen = C De x AAA ais .27 x 6.022 x 10 3.669 x 10°F 17 itarale cred esad 29 2uedaga (Percentage Composition and Molecular Formula) 1.7.1 Slazeha acd 2siad (Percentage Composition) AB all al deal dedora Ad de ak deel Bed dedi wate AAU eat Asset sous dad, A abv unedlaaet edt DSA a ad amare on ate asta B. aul Qag A Aideral edad ard zstate emt amet DHA AA aiderad sues esl sl 8a B. ain ded aeaijes x100 red oeacn dann en = erma@h 1.2 well (1,0) Hi eu eds crag estate em ai, Gla sH 4 weueda en = Loseda-! Of weueda em = 16.0 arlla-! HO fuel et = 18.0 sede! 2x10 x100 _ saSed ena en =? 10> 16.0 x100 180 111% = 88.89% aiBarrr] nan ea = etal 1.3: dae (CH,OH) i Bau eds drag asiaue em-souet ait, @a: cq vemedla en = 12 avede-! Hf weueda em =1 area! 0 weed eat =16.0 aeeda-! o. GARexd CHOH 4 sued en = 2(12.0) + 6(1.0) + 1(16.0) =2446+16 = 46 weia-! eau (1.¢ it Hanan en = DX 100 13.04 9 ; (12) 100, cqesanea= 202 52.17 % 16 x 100 34.78 % 46 Oqesaren= 1.7.2 wuerRsya WA wuedaya (Empirical Formula and Molecular Formula) : essed suse at asl sea a oe ai wesc ana sou arg Ye AB. aL wud wae adhered eng asl UD, Ua yA ay aloe Deu Rs ceo WU, ae PUL calart 8, weugy ou ada seu cael ae sougapuaya 42.8, souaapuya asl sea, MP AL oud aetssiare ove Sead BUA B = ©) Wein aval sia call, Gi) mu ard asad 8 sec, Gi) dred 2atardd HA ardeu WUE ed elles asl a2 Ae eral Ba WAUGYD asin 4a, Gy) Bs car AL ou gee Del teu ayaa aS ERs ret sda outa uel als doaurd apes wed () sueApes Yad ate A, i) aes sued een aA sBURALS AEM Godin 52h yes aval na area = Sven (UMIRRRL HACE) (i) HURAARE BAA n-D RarAl sus aa 8. upd =n x WHIER EY Bt (© iin =a au) cra 14:5 sls uel sila, eS Jeo A ilar zetare see qb 54.55 5, 9.06 56 mA 36.39 -% B. aredlte esr wre veel spurte 2A sundeai , (lPs we pueda em 88 urea -18.)uMeaRatell wed sere, arag ef 4 é aq wdlyeis ded] andl yals dew gain sani =10 ° 16 36.39 ig oa 1 2 WHUERIRS Bt CHAO HA Fe Yrtew 1.8.1 vbw alaead ander = a S244 + 16244 woeyoU epic tet igs . warden ag qusteun = Sa = B=2 RR = 2X SPURRIS yt =2 XGH,O =CyH,0, WA. 18 LURES HBarD areialRla wi vad (Stoichiometric Calculation of Chemical Reaction) araholaed aie araefl aioy da adaell Aa a 8, oer aodai sd dl aaals uBarmi our Act MBA BA eluted, eh tH4l sl ach dow adagl sel ed arora, nds Us WBE WBNS AA aur aigeitel deur decal dd Aesrua areal, att Amami 21 B. arvboFla aia wus uBardl get Ra 9A awighd aollseer well Burl ourters wd wer AAD. EL, Madd eset uBR aig alle AA sud B. a Aree ate 35 UR urd wa B a eaellar, CHyy)+ 203) CO + 2:0 CH, [—0, [-C0, [HO te ae aaeta | ade ae a +6 m4, Jox24 | 224. | 2x24 = 44.8 Scrice ea fisowm faxee= [a om | axie- os 636 Fag | cil axoomie| ama] sma aia 7 STP a Gago Burin Bud caida AR2aA ANA {AedoiRR, aL 1:28 24, UO BUL aA +DB > eC + dD HD BAA, a ee ABA SA ad 9 ed 8. serdar eblRec ea BEML aR aauasalseerdl oi ouyad (soll aya xBAd aA eee UAL AWA) AS artL RAIA, asa ant DUD. UR all seat A UAL trates Wet SoU BHU tM AL HBS AL vrei alt 1a arated eat AHL BRIS AL aeentall (dct HA oa) deel GwadAL seaLAt BU B, Fell A oy wereld SoU aA AL, AA syst MoU pRAL dou wud searll Bec ardsaard weidlet 48.3, tour Dee 9 Hi wrlseet aga seatll au dt RA allo di. tht, Pyyy + Org) PrOigs (Height welsee) 2a aoilsaanni dlegeai RUG aga 9 Wet Gaertn erga, BHA get SRL A AAEVEL aaileaai rel gd Rote, BREIL RAIA aga sea UAL AB allseardl cll Uys aired ue yor 52 oD sd WA, HHO, Pa) + 50 2g7 > Pj) (Pg alse.) AAA aude uBaed wiga 4a : (Pos +0, PLO +50, (ii). Pb,0, + 4HINO, —> Pb(NO,);+ PLO;+ HO Gil) CayPO),+H,S0, Ca(HyPO,),+ CaSO, (iv) Cu, +0, Cu,0 +80, (vy) MnO, + KOH +0, > 2K,MnO, +H,0 aur wud aight seal 1A sud avd ase () 2P0S +30, > 2Pb0 +280, (i) Pbj0,+ 4HNO, — 2PH(NO,),+ PbO,+ 2H,00 (ii) Cay(PO, + 2H,SO, + Ca(H,PO,)y+ 2CaS0, Gv) 2CuyS +30, + 2Cu,0 + 280, (¥) 2MnO, + 4KOH +0, -> 2K,MnO, +2H,0 1.9 stage ad Reni cradle (Stoichiometry of Reactions in Solutions) aera acl lat urd wBaed gael, eux B, auell 2 anarg gl A.B 3, aver eu werd ara wuateg@ Ponder sent aati ater ada veiled weed aid staal aisat meta wbDedls Advil woud), daha, Deed, Aaain, awull esau, see anardl ad¥ed Gueor gl ast Fat BA Meds Ase Border wud A aude 8. aise mami aria Guisl ad. () aymratat (DMA) N 1 wer gerer taraat usta allouall 1 22 ata oirtad Ovid, mde 1 AMMLEL Gide seata saat giaetell aunt 18. un @ee! sorusia (Qala) = “IE aan wwe © ROR x sate se BE Sis qeioun = AR elBer eaurva”1) BRA ABs Aor, ule ea(aureia” !) Sort BRR amd 15: 73 wi widfedRs ABA weldi allouell sige 500 PR suas eual, 2 cael aapuat (Talal) ove. Ga: Held sua ea = 365 ela! sue en a qeten aus 3. ACI 4 qeten = 36.5 wr ger! sta se 500 AR = 05 Ber ste HCI of eet = 73 34 Asondl qeveur = aopuaa, = AEH eon asad. Revi a vie = ——3___ i even NaOH tt Ae iat + H,O «tte aia . 500 x5 alee] ae = = 0.0099 +0.9901 = 1.0 LO mu, sta weal Re ied aed 1 wal, = 25 Het aria, Ua Ratt aout yo & Hered B, S101 3 Adj UBL edt ERs AAA Dua AB. ear Rareda vert slave WA qettell atu dai ua 26rd amour sll, car ae arurbai aedel alse yal yal AB, % acu qatell aA avafascied eal d. card wa cre, Braigt oA aarti Roulent $21 aust B.A ctr Ds a steed adie deaf Da ed A WRAY} DHE, AS 3, WAR AS Ae ay arantt waged Fla suri Asean wa daleny cad dor 4A B. Raat uel da oA 8. wed gate scoured ae et ue uo Sag a arg B aA a a aad gat SA wel wet 6a 8. 2 Aus votni ada Asad AA WPL Yel del ASA. a RA daa ea B A gonl ST AH Nea 2B. ware Redness gl él A ealacu 2 veegud, auell wwe AS an welt Mwotl guia sean aa 4A B. PRY ueugpid aeotisae zawe Rati yooje Peckell aad sl asia 8, 20 Bed Ba 3 ceuriaed, Fem, FBac aeatted Fan, a2 gers euetdl Fe, alee cured Far aA, 2 oul Peed sleet Uae ze 4B, etree URE 60 72CB EY stele wreUs B. sielet 12 1 uBUIR EMA (120) TUPAC Aaval TUPAP ci2gell outa ell dei ctrabrtl RUA Go “tsSl 41a B. WHR As aLEI Ula 2 aigpi Bar RRM gra UR ed aaa A Aaa B, sural aA as ao 2° dou au el al ARH ard eo ast tal $A aOURRIRS HL AREA sea a1 D, raged, aged 2 ate AG aadll stow AG wa vei dA dd aA RAYA ais 6.022 x 107 tt deckui clan B A AA BA a2deu 1 lla add ahora wa d. wad 2A Aue rmcts HOUR araDOIRR 53 9. 2ieRs UBUD IRL cred A Seed act UA Beer eel B. Bs aga aus aolses uel URAL YL AB B. ait Guzid aiaaint sexi Newly suet ded 8 a ctlaatdl ARK Aad Fel 2 Dedia, erat 2a, wou Cad), DaRA #A Dalal d. eae 1, maiden oagRseuniel dou Reed wale 42: (o) eaHARE aascint Hd aot alleen HY VARNA B ? (a) Bee (B) ay, (©) xd (D) a (2) Pa VA sd Sem Gude Re B ? (A) arictt (B) ARAC (c) (D) ara (Ass) (3) gait ged STAs #18? (A) Basie (B) 504 (©) Rasum (0) aa (4) eng] Beaiour yet sou seed ease 46 Bratugel od B ? (A) Peau (B) PLAg (©) Pur (D) Pesn (5) Rt send wea coun aud 53.8? (A) ait (B) se (©) ava, (D) coat (6) 25° crane beau ia Beadle wa? (A) 298 °F (B) 77°F (C) 32°F (D) 248 °F (7) Ara ecko sear Peed nent 22d el? (A) aus (B) route, (C) area (D) axa